GMT GMT GMT

Transcription

1 GMT GMT

2 GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT4 vs GMT Linux GMT

3 3.1 Linux GMT Windows GMT Windows GMT cygwin MSYS MinGW-w Bash on Ubuntu on Windows macos GMT homebrew GMT macports fink bin include lib share Linux GMT gs GMT Windows GMT GMT GMT

4 RGB HSV CMYK

5 / PostScript PS PS PS PS ASCII NetCDF netcdf netcdf

6 6.5 CPT CPT GMT CPT CPT CPT CPT CPT NaN netcdf Sun Native OGR GMT OGR/GMT OGR/GMT OGR/GMT R J B log P V U K -O

7 7.7.2 PS K -O K -O X -Y a b d e f g h i -o n r p s t x : GMT GMT GMT GMT COLOR DIR FONT FORMAT IO MAP PROJ PS TIME Jx

8 Jp Ja Lambert Jb Albers Jc Cassini Jcyl_stere Jd Je Jf Jg Jh Hammer Ji Jj Miller Jk Eckert Jl Lambert Jm Mercator Jn Robinson Jo Mercator Jpoly Jq Jr Winkel Tripel Js Jt Mercator Ju Mercator(UTM) Jv Van der Grinten Jw Mollweide Jy GMT

9 SI GMT conf P B verbose X -Y API GMT C API GMT Matlab API GMT Julia API GMT Python API Flat Earth J -R $GMT_SHAREDIR $GMT_DATADIR $GMT_USERDIR $GMT_TMPDIR

10 GMT GMT GDAL Color Space

11 List of Figures 2.1 GMT 5 Joaquim Luis Walter H.F. Smith Remko Scharroo Florian Wobbe Paul Wessel X-Y X-Y GMT GMT GMT 35 PS GMT Symbol Pifont Standard+ ISOLatin GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT CPT GMT CPT

12 6.4 CPT CPT R GMT U K -O X -Y GMT GMT GMT GMT PS_LINE_CAP PS_LINE_JOIN GMT θ, r Lambert Lambert Schmidt Wulff Albers

13 9.12 Cassini Sardinia Gall Hammer Miller Eckert IV Eckert VI Lambert Mercator Robinson Joc Mercator JOa Mercator Plate Carrée Winkel Tripel Mercator Mercator Mercator Van der Grinten Mollweide Behrman Matlab PATH Gd ( 1.5 ) Gn ( 1 ) Gf ( ) GL ( ) GX ( cross.txt ) Sq

14 Canary Islands

15 List of Tables GMT Word GMT GMT ID netcdf Sun Sun GMT GMT GMT -J Codes Proj4 -J codes GMT GMT

16

17 GMT Generic Mapping Tools GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT

18 GMT GMT GMT4 GMT3 1. Word PDF GMT4 GMT3 5. GMT PDF PDF LaTeX 2. GMT 3. GMT 4. GMT 5. GitHub 6. GitHub Git GMT 18

19 GMT 2.1 GMT GMT GMT Generic Mapping Tools GMT GMT GMT 1988 Paul Wessel Walter H.F. Smith GMT GMT GMT GMT 3.x GMT 4.x GMT GMT 5.x GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT 1. 19

20 2.1: GMT 5 Joaquim Luis Walter H.F. Smith Remko Scharroo Florian Wobbe Paul Wessel

21 GMT LGPL 2. GMT ANSI C POSIX UNIX GMT Windows macos Linux 3. GMT UNIX GMT shell 4. GMT PS PostScript PS GMT PostScript GMT Linux Windows macos macos Linux Linux GMT GMT Linux Windows Windows GMT bug Linux gawk cut paste Windows bat Linux Bash PS Windows10 Bash Windows Bash

22 2.1.6 GMT GMT 1. Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit for Python 2. M_Map for Matlab 3. ggmap for R 2.2 GMT GMT : major.minor.patch major minor patch major major minor patch GMT 5.x.x GMT 4.x.x GMT 4.5.x GMT 4.4.x GMT GMT BUG GMT4 vs GMT5 GMT GMT4 GMT5 GMT4 GMT5 GMT4 Bug GMT4

23 GMT5 GMT5 GMT GMT4 -Bafg -X -Y Bug GMT5 GMT5 GMT5 GMT GMT GMT4 GMT4 GMT GMT4 GMT4 GMT PS GMT4 GMT5 GMT4 GMT Adobe PhotoShop Adobe Illustator GMT GMT

24 2.3.2 GMT bin gmt gmt GMT gmt : gmt module -Axx+bxxxx -Bxx+axxxx gmt GMT GMT gmt module -A module xx -A +b -A xxxx : gmt pscoast -R0/20/0/20 -JM6i -Ggray -Wthin -B5 -B+t"Title with spaces" -V -P > map.ps gmt pscoast -R -J -G pscoast -B+t"Title with spaces" +t -B "Title with spaces" +t gmt gmt gmt gmtconvert xxx xxx gmt convert xxx xxx - - GMT +

25 modifier -A A A GMT GMT4 PDF GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT gmtset psxy grdimage gmtmath grdmath xyz2grd psconvert 2.4 Linux GMT GMT Linux Windows Linux Windows GMT Linux Windows Linux terminal : $ gmt pscoast -R70/140/2/60 -Ggray -JM6i -Wthin -B5 -V -P > map.ps pscoast: GSHHG version Derived from World Vector Shoreline, CIA WDB-II, and Atlas of the Cryosphere Processed by Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith, pscoast: Working on bin # 301 pscoast: Done map.ps gs :

26 $ gs map.ps Windows cmd -> -> cmd cmd cmd PS gsview GMT : gmt pscoast -R70/140/2/60 -Ggray -JM6i -W1/thin -B5 -K -P > map.ps echo gmt psxy -R70/140/2/60 -JM6i -Sa0.5c -Gred -O >> map.ps Linux test.sh : $ sh./test.sh Windows test.bat bat Linux bash Windows bat Perl Python bash

27 2.4.3.doc.ppt.sh.bat.ps Windows.doc MS Word.bat Linux bash.sh.gmt sh bash perl Perl bash Perl Linux STDOUT STDERR GMT GMT > >> 2> 2>> 2

28 GMT GMT PS : gmt psxy -R70/140/2/60 -JM6i -T -K -P > map.ps gmt pscoast -R70/140/2/60 -Ggray -JM6i -W1/thin -B5 -K -O >> map.ps echo gmt psxy -R70/140/2/60 -JM6i -Sa0.5c -Gred -K -O >> map.ps gmt psxy -R70/140/2/60 -JM6i -T -O >> map.ps > PS >> PS input.dat : gmt psxy input.dat -Rxxx... > test.ps psxy input.dat : cat input.dat gmt psxy... > test.ps cat input.dat gmt psxy gawk gawk '{print $1, $2, $3/10}' input.dat gmt psxy... > test.ps gawk input.dat GMT event.loc :

29 GMT 1. : gmt psxy event.loc -R70/140/20/60 -JM6i -B5 -Sc0.2c -Gred -P > map.ps 2. GMT gmt psxy Ctrl+C GMT : $ gmt psxy -R70/140/20/60 -JM6i -B5 -Sc0.2c -Gred -P > map.ps Interrupt at /lib64/libc.so.6( read+0x10)[0x7f8383e8d980] Tuser: 0.004s Tsys: 0.004s VmRSS: 8340kB VmSize: kB Press return to continue, ctrl-c to quit. $ 3. < < < : gmt psxy -R70/140/20/60 -JM6i -B5 -Sc0.2c -Gred -P > map.ps < event.loc 4. : cat event.loc gmt psxy -R70/140/20/60 -JM6i -B5 -Sc0.2c -Gred -P > test.ps 5. Here Documents EOF GMT: gmt psxy -R70/140/20/60 -JM6i -B5 -Sc0.2c -Gred -P > map.ps << EOF EOF

30 Here Documents EOF END 3. Here Documents bash bat backtick backquote psxy -R gmtinfo gmtinfo psxy : $ gmt info in.dat -I1/1 -R0/10/0/10 $ gmt psxy in.dat -JX10c -R0/10/0/10 > map.ps gmtinfo #!/bin/bash R=`gmt info input -I1/1` gmt psxy in.dat -JX10c $R > map.ps $R gmtinfo psxy : $ gmt psxy in.dat -JX10c `gmt info in.dat -I1/1` > map.ps bash gmtinfo UNIX UNIX

31 2.1: *? [ABC] [A-Z] 1. data_*.d data_.d 2. line_?.d line_.d 3. section_1[0-9]0.part section_1x0.part x section_[12].part section_1.part section_2.par 2.5 GMT GMT 1. GMT 2. GMT 3. GMT 4. GMT 5. GMT 6. GMT 7. GMT 8. SeisMan GMT 9. GMT 10. GMT QQ GMT

32 2.6 GMT GMT GMT5 Wessel, P., W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe, Generic Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released, EOS Trans. AGU, 94(45), p , doi: /2013eo GMT4/GMT3 Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. AGU, 79(47), p. 579, doi: /98eo GMT3.0 Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. AGU, 76(33), 329, doi: /95eo GMT2 Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, Free software helps map and display data, EOS Trans. AGU, 72(41), , doi: /90eo GMT/MATLAB Toolbox Wessel, P., and J. F. Luis The GMT/MATLAB Toolbox, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18, , doi: /2016gc GMT GMT dimfilter Kim, S.-S., and P. Wessel, Directional median filtering for regional-residual separation of bathymetry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q03005, doi: /2007gc grdredpol Luis, J. F. and J. M. Miranda, Reevaluation of magnetic chrons in the North Atlantic between 35ºN and 47ºN: Implications for the formation of the Azores Triple Junction and associated plateau, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B10105, doi: /2007jb surface Smith, W. H. F., and P. Wessel, Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension, Geophysics, 55(3), , doi: / x2sys Wessel, P., Tools for analyzing intersecting tracks: The x2sys package, Computers & Geosciences, 36, , doi: /j.cageo greenspline Wessel, P., A General-purpose Green s function-based interpolator, Computers & Geosciences, 35, , doi: /j.cageo Wessel, P. and J. M. Becker, Interpolation using a generalized Green s function for a spherical surface spline in tension, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 21 28, doi: /j x x.

33 3.1 Linux GMT Linux GMT GMT Linux CentOS 7 : sudo yum install epel-release sudo yum install GMT GMT-devel GMT-doc sudo yum install dcw-gmt gshhg-gmt-nc4 gshhg-gmt-nc4-full gshhg-gmt-nc4-high Ubuntu : sudo apt-get install gmt gmt-dcw gmt-gshhg Linux GMT GMT GMT Linux GMT com/gmt-china/gmt-easy-installer 1. ubuntu-installer.sh GMT 2. GMT GMT-installer.sh GMT ubuntu-installer.sh GMT-installer.sh 33

34 3.1.3 GMT GMT GMT cmake >=2.8.5 fftw >=3.3 glib2 >=2.32 netcdf >4.0 netcdf-4/hdf5 ghostscript : Linux Ubuntu/Debian: # $ sudo apt-get update # $ sudo apt-get install gcc g++ cmake make libc6 $ sudo apt-get install ghostscript $ sudo apt-get install libnetcdf-dev # ( GMT ) $ sudo apt-get install libgdal-dev python-gdal $ sudo apt-get install liblapack3 $ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev $ sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev $ sudo apt-get install libfftw3-dev CentOS/RHEL/Fedora: $ sudo yum install epel-release # CentOS epel-release # $ sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake make glibc $ sudo yum install ghostscript $ sudo yum install netcdf-devel # $ sudo yum install gdal-devel gdal-python $ sudo yum install lapack64-devel lapack-devel $ sudo yum install glib2-devel

35 $ sudo yum install pcre-devel $ sudo yum install fftw-devel netcdf netcdf-4/hdf5 : $ nc-config --has-nc4 yes yes GMT Linux GMT 1. GMT 2. GSHHG 3. DCW GMT # $ tar -xvf gmt src.tar.gz $ tar -xvf gshhg-gmt tar.gz $ tar -xvf dcw-gmt tar.gz # gshhg dcw gmt share $ mv gshhg-gmt gmt-5.4.2/share/gshhg $ mv dcw-gmt gmt-5.4.2/share/dcw-gmt # gmt $ cd gmt # $ gedit cmake/configuser.cmake cmake/configuser.cmake : set (CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "/opt/gmt-5.4.2") set (GMT_INSTALL_MODULE_LINKS FALSE)

36 set (COPY_GSHHG TRUE) set (COPY_DCW TRUE) set (GMT_USE_THREADS TRUE) CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX GMT GMT / opt/gmt root /home/xxx/software/gmt GMT_INSTALL_MODULE_LINKS FALSE GMT bin TRUE COPY_GSHHG TRUE GSHHG GMT/share/coast COPY_DCW TRUE DCW GMT/share/dcw GMT_USE_THREADS : FALSE) CentOS 6 set (GMT_USE_THREADS : cmake/configuser.cmake 5 GMT cmake/ ConfigUserTemplate.cmake cmake/configuser.cmake GMT : # build gmt gmt-5.4.1/cmake $ mkdir build $ cd build/ $ cmake.. cmake.. GMT : * Options: * Found GSHHG database : /home/user/gmt/gmt-5.4.2/share/gshhg (2.3.7) * Found DCW-GMT database : /home/user/gmt/gmt-5.4.2/share/dcw-gmt

37 * NetCDF library : /usr/lib64/libnetcdf.so * NetCDF include dir : /usr/include * GDAL library : /usr/lib64/libgdal.so * GDAL include dir : /usr/include/gdal * FFTW library : /usr/lib64/libfftw3f.so * FFTW include dir : /usr/include * Accelerate Framework : * Regex support : PCRE (/usr/lib64/libpcre.so) * ZLIB library : /usr/lib64/libz.so * ZLIB include dir : /usr/include * LAPACK library : yes * License restriction : no * Triangulation method : Shewchuk * OpenMP support : enabled * GLIB GTHREAD support : enabled * PTHREAD support : enabled * Build mode : shared * Build GMT core : always [libgmt.so] * Build PSL library : always [libpostscriptlight.so] * Build GMT supplements : yes [supplements.so] * Build GMT Developer : yes * Build proto supplements : none * * Locations: * Installing GMT in : /opt/gmt * GMT_DATADIR : /opt/gmt-5.4.2/share * GMT_DOCDIR : /opt/gmt-5.4.2/share/doc * GMT_MANDIR : /opt/gmt-5.4.2/share/man -- Configuring done -- Generating done cmake.. : $ make $ sudo make install : : $ make -j $ sudo make -j install

38 $ echo 'export GMT5HOME=/opt/GMT-5.4.2' >> ~/.bashrc $ echo 'export PATH=${GMT5HOME}/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc $ echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:${GMT5HOME}/lib64' >> ~/.bashrc $ exec $SHELL -l gmt : $ gmt --version Windows GMT GMT Unix Windows Unix Windows GMT 1. GMT Windows 2. cygwin GMT 3. MSYS2 GMT 4. MinGW-w64 GMT 5. Windows 10 Bash on Ubuntu on Windows Windows GMT GMT Windows Windows GMT ghostscript gsview

39 : XP GMT GMT Windows Windows GMT : Warning! PATH too long installer unable to modify PATH! PATH GMT PATH (a) -> -> -> (b) Path (c) GMT path -> -> -> cmd cmd : C:\Users\xxxx> gmt --version ghostscript Generate cidfmap for Windows CJK TrueType fonts 3. gsview 4. UnixTools

40 exe GMT bin cygwin MSYS2 1. MSYS MinGW-w Bash on Ubuntu on Windows 3.3 macos GMT macos GMT homebrew homebrew Homebrew macos 1. Homebrew: $ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fssl install/master/install)" 2. GMT:

41 $ brew update && brew upgrade $ brew tap homebrew/science $ brew install gmt 3. : $ gmt --version GMT4 GMT5: $ brew unlink gmt && brew install gmt4 5. GMT5 GMT4: $ brew unlink gmt && brew link gmt4 GMT4 GMT5: $ brew unlink gmt4 && brew link gmt5 : GMT GMT macos dmg 1. dmg 2. dmg GMT app Applications 3. GMT /Applications/GMT app/ : export PATH=${ PATH}:/Applications/GMT app/Contents/Resources/bin ~/.bashrc 4. : $ gmt --version 5.4.2

42 3.3.3 macports sudo port install gdal +curl +geos +hdf5 +netcdf +fftw3 +openmp sudo port install gmt fink sudo fink install gmt5 3.4 GMT GMT GMT $GMTHOME GMT Linux /usr/local/gmt5 /opt/gmt5 Windows C:\programs\gmt5 $GMTHOME GMT $GMTHOME Linux Windows :. -- bin -- include -- lib64 `-- share bin bin : bin -- gmt # GMT -- isogmt # GMT -- gmt-config # GMT -- gmt_shell_functions.sh # bash Linux/macOS -- gmtswitch # GMT -- gmt.m # GMT/MATLAB Windows `-- *.dll # Windows

43 1. bin psxy grdimage gmt GMT4 2. bin gmt gmt GMT include inlcude gmt gmt GMT : include `-- gmt GMT lib 32 lib 64 lib64 lib lib lib GMT : lib -- gmt `-- plugins `-- supplements.so # GMT -- libgmt.so # GMT `-- libpostscriptlight.so # PSL GMT share share GMT : share -- VERSION # GMT -- coast # -- cpt # CPT -- custom # GMT def `-- gmt_custom_symbols.conf # -- dbase # grdraster `-- grdraster.info # grdraster -- dcw #

44 -- doc # -- examples # -- html # -- pdf # PDF -- supplements # `-- tutorial # GMT -- localization # -- man # man -- postscriptlight # PS -- PSL_custom_media.conf # `-- PSL_custom_fonts.txt # PS -- spotter # -- tools # GMT -- mgd77 # mgd77 -- mgg # mgg `-- x2sys # x2sys 3.5 Linux GMT GMT GMT ghostscript GMT CentOS7 CentOS gs gs CentOS 7 : $ sudo yum install ghostscript-chinese-zh_cn /usr/share/ghostscript/conf.d/cidfmap.zh_cn ghostscript GMT GMT /opt/gmt /opt/gmt-5.4.2/ share/postscriptlight/psl_custom_fonts.txt

45 3.5.2 gs gs CentOS 7 ghostscript : /BousungEG-Light-GB <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy- zenhei.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /GBZenKai-Medium <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy- zenhei.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /MSungGBK-Light /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /Adobe-GB1 /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /BousungEG-Light-GB /usr/share/fonts/ wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc /GBZenKai-Medium /MSungGBK-Light /Adobe-GB1 /BousungEG-Light-GB /ABC ttc ttf CentOS7 wqy-zenhei.ttc wqy-zenhei-fonts gs Linux CentOS7 ghostscript gs Linux PS PS! linux_fonts.ps : %! PS-Adobe-3. 0 /BousungEG-Light-GB--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (BousungEG ) show

46 /GBZenKai-Medium--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (GBZenKai ) show /MSungGBK-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (MSungGBK ) show /Adobe-GB1--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Adobe ) show showpage %%Trailer %%EOF PS FontName--CMap FontName gs CMap UniGB-UTF8-H GB-EUC-H Linux Windows gs PS gs Linux Windows Linux Windows Windows /usr/share/fonts/winfonts/

47 gs : % /BousungEG-Light-GB <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy- zenhei.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /GBZenKai-Medium <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy- zenhei.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /MSungGBK-Light /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /Adobe-GB1 /BousungEG-Light-GB ; % Windows /STSong-Light <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simsun.ttc) / SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STFangsong-Light <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simfang.ttf) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STHeiti-Regular <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simhei.ttf) / SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STKaiti-Regular <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simkai.ttf) / SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; Windows Windows Linux gs Windows PS windows_fonts.ps : %! PS-Adobe-3. 0 /STSong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Song Typeface ) show /STFangsong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Fangsong Typeface ) show /STHeiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Hei Typeface ) show /STKaiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Kai Typeface ) show

48 showpage %%Trailer %%EOF gs PS gs Windows GMT GMT GMT Windows : STSong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H STFangsong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H STHeiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H STKaiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H A GMT gmt pstext -L GMT : $ gmt pstext -L Font # Font Name Helvetica 1 Helvetica-Bold Palatino-BoldItalic 33 ZapfChancery-MediumItalic 34 ZapfDingbats

49 35 STSong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H 36 STFangsong-Light--UniGB-UTF8-H 37 STHeiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H 38 STKaiti-Regular--UniGB-UTF8-H 0-34 GMT/gs GMT #!/bin/bash gmt set FONT_TITLE 30p,35,black gmt set FONT_LABEL 15p,35,black gmt pstext -R0/10/0/4 -JX15c/5c -Bxafg+l"X " -Byafg+l"Y " \ -BWSen+t" " -F+f -P > cn.ps << EOF p,35,black GMT p,36,blue GMT p,37,yellow GMT p,38,green GMT EOF rm gmt.history gmt.conf CentOS 7

50 CentOS 6 1. gs : sudo yum install cjkuni-fonts-ghostscript uming ukai 2. gs /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni/uming.ttc /usr/ share/fonts/cjkuni/ukai.ttc /usr/share/fonts/ cjkui-uming/uming.ttc /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-ukai/ukai.ttc Ubuntu 14.04/ gs : sudo apt-get install poppler-data 2. gs /etc/ghostscript/cidfmap.d/90gs-cjk-resource-gb1.conf 3. gs Linux uming ukai : sudo apt-get install fonts-arphic-uming fonts-arphic-ukai 4. gs : /BousungEG-Light-GB <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ arphic/uming.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /GBZenKai-Medium <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ arphic/ukai.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /Song-Medium /GBZenKai-Medium ; /STSong-Light /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /STFangsong-Light /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /STHeiti-Regular /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /STKaiti-Regular /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /Adobe-GB1 /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /Adobe-GB1-Bold /GBZenKai-Medium ; : % STSong-Light /BousungEG-Light-GB <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ arphic/uming.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /GBZenKai-Medium <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ arphic/ukai.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ;

51 /Song-Medium /GBZenKai-Medium ; /Adobe-GB1 /BousungEG-Light-GB ; /Adobe-GB1-Bold /GBZenKai-Medium ; % Windows /STSong-Light <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simsun.ttc) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STFangsong-Light <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simfang. ttf) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STHeiti-Regular <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simhei. ttf) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; /STKaiti-Regular <</FileType /TrueType /Path (/usr/share/fonts/winfonts/simkai. ttf) /SubfontId 0 /CSI [(GB1) 4] >> ; gs : $ sudo update-gsfontmap /etc/ghostscript/cidfmap.d/*.conf /var/lib/ ghostscript/fonts/cidfmap gs /var/lib/ghostscript/ fonts/cidfmap /etc/ghostscript/cidfmap.d/*.conf Ubuntu/Debian CentOS Ubuntu gs : sudo apt-get install gs-cjk-resource 2. Ubuntu GMT 2. ghostscript 3. GMT 4. PostScript 5. Debian Wiki

52 3.6 Windows GMT GMT Windows Windows GMT 2. ghostscript cidmap cidmap 3. gsview ghostscript ghostscript C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.15\examples\cjk gscjk_ag.ps cmd : cd "C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.16\bin" gswin64.exe..\examples\cjk\gscjk_ag.ps gswin64c gscjk_ag.ps ghostscript gsview gsview PS gsview PS gsview PS gscjk_ag.ps gsview PS gsview -> Ghostscript Options -dnoplatfonts -sfontpath="c:\psfonts" -dnoplatfonts -sfontpath="c:\windows\fonts" gsview gswin64 gswin64 gswin64 FONTPATH gscjk_ag.ps gsview

53 3.6.2 GMT gscjk_ag.ps : /STSong-Light--GB-EUC-H *findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Song Typeface ) show /STFangsong-Light--GB-EUC-H *findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Fangsong Typeface ) show /STHeiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H *findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Hei Typeface ) show /STKaiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H *findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (Kai Typeface ) show % /Times-Roman findfont 13 scalefont setfont moveto (* Chinese translation of"ghostscript" is merely associative \ characters of these meanings.) show sub moveto (In Simplified Chinese articles, customarily we use just"ghostscript" \ as it is.) show STSong-Light--GB-EUC-H GB-EUC H V 1. STSong-Light--GB-EUC-H 2. STFangsong-Light--GB-EUC-H 3. STHeiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H 4. STKaiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H GMT GMT GMT C:\programs\gmt5\share\pslib\PS_font_info.d GMT C:\programs\gmt5\share\postscriptlight\PSL_custom_fonts. txt :

54 STSong-Light--GB-EUC-H STFangsong-Light--GB-EUC-H STHeiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H STKaiti-Regular--GB-EUC-H gmt pstext -L GMT gmt set FONT_TITLE 30p,35,black gmt set FONT_LABEL 15p,35,black echo p,35,black GMT > tmp echo p,36,blue GMT >> tmp echo p,37,yellow GMT >> tmp echo p,38,green GMT >> tmp gmt pstext tmp -R0/10/0/4 -JX15c/5c -Bxafg+l"X " -Byafg+l"Y " \ -BWSen+t" " -F+f -P > cn.ps bat ANSI Unicode Unicode big endian UTF-8 UTF-8

55 GMT GMT 1. GMT 2. GMT Unix shell bash 3. gs xxx.ps PS PS GMT psbasemap pscoast GMT X-Y gmt psbasemap -R10/70/-3/8 -JX8c/5c -Bx10 -By3 -B+t"Linear X-Y Plot" > GMT_tutor1_1.ps -R10/70/-3/8 X Y JX8c/5c X 8 Y 5 -Bx10 -By3 X Y

56 Linear X Y Plot : X-Y -B+t"Linear X-Y Plot" > GMT_tutor1_1.ps GMT PS > PS PS 1. -JX 2. -Bx -By 3. -R 4. -P GMT X-Y gmt psbasemap -R1/10000/1e20/1e25 -JX15cl/10cl "Power (W)" -BWS > GMT_tutor1_2.ps -Bxa2+l"Wavelength (m)" -Bya1pf3+l

57 Power (W) Wavelength (m) 4.2: X-Y -R1/10000/1e20/1e25 X Y -JX15cl/10cl l -B +l -BWS W S 1. -Bya1pf3 -Bya1f3 2. -BWS -BWSen -BWSEN -BwsEN GMT pscoast gmt pscoast -R-90/-70/0/20 -JM6i -P -Ba -Gchocolate > GMT_tutor1_3.ps pscoast -R-90/-70/0/20

58 :

59 -JM6i 6 -Ba -Gchocolate chocolate pscoast 1. -D 2. -G 3. -S 4. -W 5. -N 6. -I 7. -L 1. -V 2. -R 3. -W1p 4. -N1/thickest -N2/thinnest gmt pscoast -Rg -JK180/9i -Bag -Dc -A5000 -Gchocolate -SDarkTurquoise -Wthinnest > GMT_tutor1_4.ps 1. -JK180/9i Eckert GMT psxy pstext

60 : GMT GMT GMT GMT PostScrip PostScript GMT PostScript GMT PostScript GMT GMT GMT GMT -K -O -K -O pscoast gmt pscoast -JH110/24c -Rg -Bg30 -Glightgreen -Slightblue -A1000 -Dc > GMT_tutor2_1.ps

61 Berlin Washington Zigong Pelotas Bredasdorp Sydney Zhongshanzhan 1. -JH110/24c Hammer c 2. -Rg -R0/360/-90/ Glightgreen -Slightblue psxy #!/bin/bash J=H110/24c R=g PS=GMT_tutor2_2.ps

62 gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -Bg30 -Glightgreen -Slightblue -A1000 -Dc -K > $PS # gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gyellow -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -J -R -St0.2c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gblack -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF gmt psxy -J -R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* 1. pscoast psxy $PS 2. psxy 3. -S -Sa/0.5c 0.5 -St0.2c W -W0.5p,

63 black,solid 0.5p 5. -G -Gblack -Gyellow 6. EOF GMT 7. psxy PostScript GMT pscoast -K psxy -K -O -O psxy psxy psxy #!/bin/bash J=H110/24c R=g PS=GMT_tutor2_3.ps gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -Bg30 -Glightgreen -Slightblue -A1000 -Dc -K > $PS # gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gyellow -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -J -R -St0.2c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gblack -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -R -J -W1p,red -K -O >> $PS << EOF

64 > > > > > > > EOF gmt psxy -J -R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* psxy -S -G > Berlin Washington Zigong Pelotas Bredasdorp Sydney Zhongshanzhan

65 4.2.5 pstext #!/bin/bash J=H110/24c R=g PS=GMT_tutor2_4.ps gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -Bg30 -Glightgreen -Slightblue -A1000 -Dc -K > $PS # gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gyellow -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -J -R -St0.2c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gblack -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -R -J -W1p,red -K -O >> $PS << EOF > > > > >

66 > > EOF # gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-1.5c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Washington Zhongshanzhan EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-1c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Zigong Berlin Bredasdorp EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-0.6c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Sydney EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-0.6c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Pelotas EOF gmt psxy -J -R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* Berlin Washington Zigong Pelotas Bredasdorp Sydney Zhongshanzhan 1. EOF psxy

67 gmt pstext pstext -D 2. -F +f10p,1,black 10p 1 +j TL L T LT TL 3. -D -D-1.5c/-0.15c GMT postscript postscript evince Acrobat postscript postscript #!/bin/bash J=H110/24c R=g PS=GMT_tutor2_5.ps gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -Bg30 -Glightgreen -Slightblue -A1000 -Dc -K > $PS # gmt psxy -R -J -W1p,red -K -O >> $PS << EOF > > > > >

68 > > EOF # gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gyellow -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt psxy -J -R -St0.2c -W0.5p,black,solid -Gblack -K -O >> $PS << EOF EOF # gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-1.5c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Washington Zhongshanzhan EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-1c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Zigong Berlin Bredasdorp EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-0.6c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Sydney EOF gmt pstext -J -R -F+f12p,1,black+jTL -D-0.6c/-0.15c -K -O >> $PS << EOF Pelotas EOF gmt psxy -J -R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.*

69 Berlin Washington Zigong Pelotas Bredasdorp Sydney Zhongshanzhan GMT grdcut 2. grdgradient 3. grdimage 4. pscoast 5. psscale: #!/bin/bash R=65/18/117/45r J=B90/0/40/30/6.5i PS=GMT_tutor3.ps D=earth_relief_03m.grd gmt gmtset FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY 10p # gmt grdcut $D -R55/120/10/50 -GTibet.grd #

70 gmt grdgradient Tibet.grd -A0 -Nt -Gint.grad # 利用 psbasemap 确定格网标注等参数 gmt psbasemap -R$R -J$J -B10g10 -BwSEN -K > $PS # 绘制地形 gmt grdimage -R$R -J$J -Bg10 Tibet.grd -Iint.grad -CTibet.cpt -K -O >> $PS # 利用 pscoast 绘制水系 比例尺 gmt pscoast -R$R -J$J -N1/0.5p,white -Ia/0.15p,177/178/183 -I1/0.5p,61/99/172 -C81/, 174/254 -Lg86/18+c30+w1000+u+f -K -O >> $PS # 绘制两个色标 gmt psscale -Dx-0.3i/1.4i+w2.5i/0.15i+ma -CTibet.cpt -G1600/9000 -By+lm -Bxa1000f200, K -O >> $PS gmt psscale -Dx-0.3i/0+w1.3i/0.15i+ma -CTibet.cpt -G-3500/0 -L -O >> $PS rm gmt.* Tibet.grd int.grad 结果 m km km 主要参数解释 1. grdcut 指从大区域地形中裁剪出自定义范围的数据 本例中为 E 纬度 N 该操作可降低后续梯度计算的复杂度 提高绘图效率 2. grdgradient 模块中 -A 设置梯度计算的角度 以北为起始 顺时针计算 也可用 -Aazim/ azim2 表示计算两个方向梯度并取最大值 -N 表示归一化算法 一般有 -Nt 累积 Cauchy

71 -Ne Laplace -N 3. grdimage -I grdgradient -C GMT5.4 -I grdgradient 4. pscoast grdimage -N1/ 0.5p,white 0.5p -Ia/0.15p,177/178/ /178/183 RGB -I1 61/99/172 -C 81/174/254`` ``-L g86/18 86 E 18 N +c30 30 N +w km +u km +f fancy 5. psscale Tibet.cpt -G -D -Dx-0.3i/1.4i 0.3 inch 1.4 inch +w2.5i/0.15i 2.5 inch 0.15 inch +ma

72 GMT 5.1 GMT : GMT cm inch point : 1 inch = 2.54 cm = 72 point GMT c i p 5c 5 3i 3 2p 2 GMT GMT PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT -X4 4 PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT X4c 4 PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT : gmt get PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT gmt defaults grep PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT 72

73 GMT PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT p c i SI c US i d degree of arc m minute of arc s second of arc k kilometer e meter f foot M Statute mile n Nautical mile u US Survey foot e 30 30e 30 30k 30 GMT Flat Earth GMT 50k

74 Flat Earth -50k Flat Earth +50k > >Flat Earth Flat Earth > > : 5.2 GMT PS GMT A4 PS : GMT A4 210mmx297mm GMT PS_MEDIA GMT PS_MEDIA A PS_PAGE_COLOR : psconvert PS -A

75 5.2.3 A4 y Portrait y Landscape x x 5.1: Portrait Landscape : Portrait Landscape Portrait X Y Landscape X Y Landscape Portrait X 90 GMT Landscape 1. -P 2. GMT PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION : Linux PS evince Landscape PS

76 Portrait gs gs Landscape PS : Landscape Portait PS Landspace PS : V T 90 R scale Portrait PS : V scale T 90 R Transition (595,0) Rotate 90 Portrait Landscape GMT (1i,1i) 1 1 A4 1 cm 0.5 cm : gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10 -JX10c/10c -B1 -B+glightblue > map.ps -JX10c/10c 10 cm 1i 1i+10c 1i 1i+10c : 1. GMT MAP_ORIGIN_X MAP_ORIGIN_Y 2. -K -O

77 : 5.3 GMT RGB 3. HSV 4. CMYK white black red orange yellow green cyan blue magenta gray grey brown white black light dark lightblue blue darkblue

78 GMT 663 Linux man gmtcolors GMT GMT ${GMTHOME}/share/doc/pdf/GMT_RGBchart_a4.pdf lightblue LIGHTBLUE LightBlue RGB RGB Red Green Blue GMT r/g/b RGB r g b / RGB 0/0/0 255/255/ /0/0 0/255/0 0/0/255 RGB HMTL #RRGGBB FF # #FF HSV h-s-v HSV Hue Saturation Value H S 0 1 V 0 dark 1 light

79 5.3.4 CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow black 0 1 / 0.2/0.3/0.4/ RGB R=G=B 128/128/ /200/ GMT GMT gray lightgray darkgray gray0 gray1 gray100 gray0 gray GMT red RGB 30/25/128 #00FA84 HSV CMYK 0.2/0.3/0.4/0.5

80 red@25 30/25/128@60 -t 5.4 GMT <width>,<color>,<style> GMT <pen> <pen> <width>,<color>,<style> <width>c i p p c i p p p 1p 0.25p 2. GMT

81 5.1: GMT faint 0 thicker 1.5p default 0.25p thickest 2p thinnest 0.25p fat 3p thinner 0.50p fatter 6p thin 0.75p fattest 12p thick 1.0p obese 18p : 0p faint GMT solid dashed dotted string:offset string _

82 offset 4_8_5_8:2 4p 8p 5p 8p offset 2p 4p 2p p c i : W <pen> : gmt psxy -R0/10/0/5 -JX10c/5c -W<pen> > pens.ps << EOF EOF 4p,red,9_4_2_4:2p faint,0/0/255,.. 0.1c, fat,. thin,red, green 0.5p 5.3: GMT GMT

83 PS_LINE_CAP PS_LINE_JOIN / PS_MITER_LIMIT miter 5.5 GMT <fill> <fill> <fill> / GMT -G<fill> G<color> -Gred -G230/200/ pattern : -G[p P]<pattern>[+b<color>][+f<color>][+r<dpi>] <pattern> 1 90 GMT 90 64x Sun +r<dpi> <dpi> <dpi> 0 gmt.history -GP -Gp 1 GMT GMT 1 +b<color> +f<color> -

84 GMT 90 <dpi> 300 -Gp -GP GMT -G -G<color> -G[p P]<pattern>[+b<color>][+f<color>][+r<dpi>] -G128 -G127/255/0 -G#00ff00 -G GDarkOliveGreen1 -Gp7+r300 -Gp7+bred+r300 -Gp7+bred+f-+r300 -Gpmarble.ras+r100 <fill> : echo 5 5 gmt psxy -JX10c/10c -R0/10/0/10 -Baf -Sc2c -G<fill> > test.ps : 1. PostScript -G 146x146 psimage 2. PostScript Level 1 PS

85 5.4: GMT

86 5.6 GMT <size>,<fonttype>,<fill> p c p i 15p GMT MS Word 5.2: Word GMT p p PostScript 35 GMT 35 PS Courier GMT 35 GMT Helvetica-Bold 1

87 # Font Name # Font Name 0 Helvetica 17 Bookman Demi 1 Helvetica Bold 18 Bookman DemiItalic 2 Helvetica Oblique 19 Bookman Light 3 Helvetica BoldOblique 20 Bookman LightItalic 4 Times Roman 21 Helvetica Narrow 5 Times Bold 22 Helvetica Narrow Bold 6 Times Italic 23 Helvetica Narrow Oblique 7 Times BoldItalic 24 Helvetica Narrow BoldOblique 8 Courier 25 NewCenturySchlbk Roman 9 Courier Bold 26 NewCenturySchlbk Italic 10 Courier Oblique 27 NewCenturySchlbk Bold 11 Courier BoldOblique 28 NewCenturySchlbk BoldItalic 12 Σψµβολ (Symbol) 29 Palatino Roman 13 AvantGarde Book 30 Palatino Italic 14 AvantGarde BookOblique 31 Palatino Bold 15 AvantGarde Demi 32 Palatino BoldItalic 16 AvantGarde DemiOblique 33 ZapfChancery MediumItalic 34 (ZapfDingbats) 5.5: GMT 35 PS

88 : gmt pstext -L GMT Symbol 12 ZapfDingbats <fill> =<pen> <pen> red=2p,blue 2p <fill> - =<pen> =~<pen> TEXT 30p,8,red TEXT 30p,8 30p,5, =1p,black,solid 30p,5,blue=1p,black,solid TEXT 30p 5.6: GMT

89 1. 30p 2. 30p p p 5 1p F+f <font> : echo TEXT gmt pstext -R0/5/0/1 -JX15c/2c -F+f<font> > text.ps Symbol 34 ZapfDingbats a a a 12 α a a α Symbol 34 Pifont ZapfDingbats β 12 β \14x 2 \142 θ \161 \

90 Symbol octal \04x! # % & \05x ( ) +,. / \06x \07x 8 9 : ; < = >? \10x Α Β Χ Ε Φ Γ \11x Η Ι ϑ Κ Λ Μ Ν Ο \12x Π Θ Ρ Σ Τ Υ ς Ω \13x Ξ Ψ Ζ [ ] _ \14x α β χ δ ε φ γ \15x η ι ϕ κ λ µ ν ο \16x π θ ρ σ τ υ ϖ ω \17x ξ ψ ζ { } \24x ϒ ƒ \25x \26x ± \27x \30x ℵ I R \31x \32x \33x \34x \35x \36x \37x ZapfDingbats octal \04x \05x \06x \07x \10x \11x \12x \13x \14x \15x \16x \17x \24x \25x \26x ❶ ❷ \27x ❸ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ \30x ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ ➇ \31x ➈ ➉ ➊ ➋ ➌ ➍ ➎ ➏ \32x ➐ ➑ ➒ ➓ \33x \34x \35x \36x \37x 5.7: Symbol Pifont Input Font Output abcd 10p,12,black αβχδ \141\142\143\144 10p,12,black αβχδ \141\142\143\144 15p,34,red \243\251\256\303 15p,34,blue 3➃ 5.8: 12 34

91 5.8 GMT a f GMT Standard Standard+ ISOLation1 ISOLatin1+ ISO-8859-x x GMT GMT PS_CHAR_ENCODING ISOLatin1+ Standard+ : gmt get PS_CHAR_ENCODING GMT Standard+ ISOLatin1+ Standard+ Standard ISOLation1+ ISOLation1+ \144 \14x 4 d GMT : $ gmt set PS_CHAR_ENCODING Standard+ $ echo 1 1 '\260' gmt pstext -JX2c/2c -R0/2/0/2 -B1 > standard.ps $ gmt set PS_CHAR_ENCODING ISOLatin1+ $ echo 1 1 '\260' gmt pstext -JX2c/2c -R0/2/0/2 -B1 > isolatin1.ps standard.ps A isolation1.ps GMT GMT '\260' \\260 \ GMT

92 5.9: Standard+ ISOLatin1+

93 C \ GMT / Symbol 12 / / PS_CHAR_ENCODING GMT 5.4: Code Effect Code í / / 2. pstext 3.

94 Input Output abcdδεφghi 2πr 2 h 0 S@#mall@# C@#aps@# @@ Stresses xx@ MPa SMALL CAPS This is underline Use different fonts Use different size Colorful text Stresses are σ * xx MPa 5.10: GMT 4. Windows bat % GMT %% bat o : +o<offset>[<u>] <offset> <offset>/<offset>

95 +o -W2p+o1c/500k cm 500 km : s Bezier splines -W2p -W2p+s 5.12: v : +v[b e]<vspecs> b e <vspecs> / 2i+gred+pfaint+bc+ve0.3i+gblue -W2p+o1c/500k+vb0.

96 : 5.11 / GMT psxy psxyz grdvector psvelo GMT GMT GMT km km

97 psxy -Sv -SV -Sm -S= #!/bin/bash # echo gmt psxy -R0/5/0/5 -JX1.75i -Sv0.2i+s+b+e -W1.5p -Gred -K > GMT_arrows.ps # echo i 0 90 gmt psxy -R -J -Sm0.2i+b+e -W1.5p -Gred -X2i -K -O >> GMT_ arrows.ps # echo gmt psxy -R0/90/-41.17/ JM1.75i -S=0.2i+b+e -W1.5p -Gred - O -X2i >> GMT_arrows.ps rm gmt.* 5.14: GMT : -S +b[t c a i A I][l r] t c a i A I a * t * c

98 * a * i * A * I l r +e[t c a i A I][l r] +m[f r][t c a][l r] f r : +m +b +e +a<angle> 30 +l +r +g<fill> <fill> - -G +p[-][<pen>] -<pen> -W +n<norm> <norm> length/<norm> +t[b e]<trim> <trim> +t<trim1>/<trim2> +o<plon>/<plat> specifies the oblique pole for the great or small circles. +q +q angle length

99 +j[b c e] XY b e c XY +s angle length XY +z<scale>[<unit>] expects input dx,dy vector components and uses the scale to convert to polar coordinates with length in given unit. GMT MAP_VECTOR_SHAPE GMT MAP_VECTOR_SHAPE : v0.25i+s+ba+ea v0.25i+s+b+ei v0.25i+s+b+ec+a45 v0.25i+s+e+bt v0.25i+s+et+bt v0.25i+s+bc v0.25i+s+et v0.25i+s+ei+bi v0.25i+s+e+bi v0.25i+s+b+a45 v0.25i+s+e+b v0.25i+s+e+b v0.25i+s+b v0.25i+s+e+a40

100 5.12 GMT GMT L (Left) C (Center) R (Right) My Text T (Top) M (Middle) B (Bottom) LM TR 5.16: GMT L C R T M B : B M y baseline 9 9 LT LM LB CT CM CB RT RM RB LT TL 9 (1,1) (2,1) (9,1) LT LT (1,1) 2 1 LT LM LB CT CM CB RT RM RB : GMT

101 CM LT 5.13 GMT 8 1. psbasemap -L pscoast -L 2. psbasemap -Td 3. psbasemap -Tm 4. psscale 5. pslegend 6. Image overlay psimage 7. GMT logo gmtlogo 8. map insert psbasemap -D 8 GMT GMT -D[g j J n x]<refpoint>[+j<justify>][+o<dx>[/<dy>]] GMT 1. [g j J n x]<refpoint>: 2. +j<justify> 3. +o<dx>[/<dy>] 4. :

102 LT CT RT dx 1 dy LM CM RM LB CB RB 5.18: GMT GMT 5 5 / : [g j J n x]<refpoint> 1. x x2.75i/2c -X -Y 2. n X Y 0 1 n0.2/ g g135w/20n j 9 jbl BL j 5. J j j JTL BR J

103 colorbar x j<anchor> 9 +j<anchor> 1. j<refpoint> 2. J<refpoint> 3. MC BL j J +o<dx>/<dy> jtl +o2c/1c 2 cm 1 cm GMT -F : -F[+c<clearance(s)>][+g<fill>][+i[[<gap>/]<pen>]][+p[<pen>]][+r[<radius>]][+s[<dx>/ <dy>/][<fill>]] 1. +g<fill>

104 2. +p<pen> <pen> <pen> MAP_FRAME_PEN 3. +r<radius> <radius> 4. +i<gap>/<pen> <gap> 2p <pen> +i0.1c/thin,dahsed MAP_DEFAULT_PEN 5. +c<clearance> +c<gap> +c<xgap>/<ygap> X Y +c<lgap>/<rgap>/<bgap>/<tgap> 6. +s<dx>/<dy>/<fill> <dx>/<dy> <shade> 4p/-4p/gray : GMT -F+glightgreen+r -F+p1p+i+s+gwhite+c0.1i 5.14 GMT PAPER_ORIGIN BASEMAP 1

105 7 Figure 1 Figure N 6 YLABEL 4 W AXIS E 3 2 S 1 BASEMAP_ORIGIN PAPER_ORIGIN XLABEL TICK ANNOT BASEMAP_ORIGIN : GMT

106 BASEMAP_ORIGIN -X -Y AXIS LABEL TITLE W E S N XLABEL YLABEL Figure 1 ANNOT TICK GRID 2 -X -Y 1 2

107 GMT 1. 1D 2. 2D 3. CPT 4. PostScript GMT GMT [±]ddd[:mm[:ss[.xxx[w E S N]]]] ddd mm ss xxx W E S N 123:27W :27:15.120W

108 6.1.2 <date>t<clock> T <date> 1. yyyy[-mm[-dd]] yyyy[-jjj] yyyy[-www[-d]] W W01 <clock> hh:[mm:[ss[.xxx]]] 10:10: GMT / yyyy-mm-ddthh:mm:ss.xxx FORMAT_DATE_IN FORMAT_CLOCK_IN FORMAT_DATE_OUT FORMAT_CLOCK_OUT 2. <date> <date> 3. <clock> 00:00:00 4. <clock> T T10:20: T10:00: T10:20: T23:23: GMT TIME_EPOCH TIME_UNIT TIME_SYSTEM

109 1. t 30t TIME_EPOCH 30 TIME_UNIT 2. -ft t GMT 5 1. [±]xxx.xxx [±]xxx.xx[e e D d[±]xx] 1.23E PostScript GMT PS PostScript PS PS PS PostScript PostScript PS ps PS doc MS Word WPS doc doc PS PS 1. vim gedit notepad++ 2. : %! PS-Adobe-3.0 /Helvetica findfont 20 scalefont setfont moveto (PostScript is not that hard!) show

110 showpage %%Trailer %%EOF 3. simple.ps 4. Linux gs simple.ps Windows : %! PS-Adobe-3.0 PostScript PS3.0 Helvetica PS findfont moveto (text) show showpage GMT PS PS PS PS GMT PS PS PS GMT PS PS 1. PS 2. GMT psconvert PS jpeg png eps pdf PS PS PS PS ghostscript

111 gsview evince zathura (Linux only) SumatraPDF (Windows only) PS GMT psconvert PS jpeg png eps pdf PS JPG : gmt psconvert test.ps JPG : gmt psconvert -A -P test.ps PDF : gmt psconvert -Tf -A -P test.ps 6.3 table data N M ASCII netcdf ASCII ASCII N M ASCII ASCII ASCII N M :23:44.5W T10:30:53.250

112 30t GMT CVS Comma-Separated Values : # This is a comment line # lon lat evdp # This is another comment line # # N ASCII 10 3 GMT -i -o gawk ASCII TAB IO_COL_SEPARATOR file header records # # -h IO_N_HEADER_RECS ASCII -h1 : # This is a comment line # lon lat evdp # This is another comment line :20:

113 GMT segment header records GMT > IO_SEGMENT_MARKER IO_SEGMENT_MARKER B N NaN : > > D -W

114 -G -Z Z CPT Z -L -T -Ph : > -W2p,red > -W2p,blue IO ASCII fprintf fwrite GMT -bi -b -h NaN NetCDF NetCDF GMT NetCDF NetCDF lon lat vel NetCDF meta data

115 GMT NetCDF NetCDF netcdf? <var1>/<var2>/... -bic<var1>/<var2>/... <var1> NetCDF file.nc?lon/lat lon lat GMT netcdf netcdf 6.4 GMT 2D 2D X Y Z XYZ 1D 2D GMT 2D 1. netcdf 2. Sun 3. netcdf GMT netcdf 8 Sun netcdf GMT GMT gmt_customio.c NetCDF GMT 2D COARDS netcdf.nc.grd COARDS GMT GMT GMT

116 netcdf netcdf3 netcdf4 GMT netcdf4 netcdf Native GMT netcdf GMT GMT 892 Native Sun Sun bit-pattern Sun GMT netcdf Sun GMT GMT ID

117 6.1: ID ID nb ns ni nf nd cb cs ci cf cd bm bb bs bi bf bd rb rf sf sd af ei ef gd GMT 4 netcdf standard formats GMT netcdf format (8-bit integer, COARDS, CF-1.5) GMT netcdf format (16-bit integer, COARDS, CF-1.5) GMT netcdf format (32-bit integer, COARDS, CF-1.5) GMT netcdf format (32-bit float, COARDS, CF-1.5) GMT netcdf format (64-bit float, COARDS, CF-1.5) GMT 3 netcdf legacy formats GMT netcdf format (8-bit integer, depreciated) GMT netcdf format (16-bit integer, depreciated) GMT netcdf format (32-bit integer, depreciated) GMT netcdf format (32-bit float, depreciated) GMT netcdf format (64-bit float, depreciated) GMT native binary formats GMT native, C-binary format (bit-mask) GMT native, C-binary format (8-bit integer) GMT native, C-binary format (16-bit integer) GMT native, C-binary format (32-bit integer) GMT native, C-binary format (32-bit float) GMT native, C-binary format (32-bit float) Miscellaneous grid formats SUN raster file format (8-bit standard) GEODAS grid format GRD98 (NGDC) Golden Software Surfer format 6 (32-bit float) Golden Software Surfer format 7 (64-bit float) Atlantic Geoscience Center AGC (32-bit float) ESRI Arc/Info ASCII Grid Interchange format (ASCII integer) ESRI Arc/Info ASCII Grid Interchange format (ASCII float) Import/export via GDAL C GMT GMT gmt_customio.c GMT GMT nf IO_GRIDFILE_FORMAT =<ID>

118 : <name>[=<id>[+s<scale>+o<offset>][+n<nan>]] <name> <ID> <scale> <scale> 1 <offset> <offset> 0 <nan> <nan> NaN <scale> <offset> a 1. Golden surfer GMT file.grd NaN myfile.i2=bs+s10+o32000+n =bs+s0. 1+o Sun rasterfile=rb+s e-3+o netcdf GMT =nb+oa GMT netcdf netcdf GMT netcdf GMT netcdf

119 netcdf GMT Z?<varname> <varname> netcdf slp : gmt grdinfo "file.nc?slp" 1. netcdf <varname> ncdump -c file.nc 2. Linux Bash GMT 1. [<index>] <index> 0 2. (<level>) <level> <level> GMT ncdump -c file.nc : dimensions: depth = 32 ; variables: float depth(depth) ; depth:long_name = "depth below earth surface" ; depth:units = "km" ; depth:positive = "down" ; data: depth = 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 400, 500, 600, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000,

120 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2850 ; file.nc?vp[1] 100 km P file.nc?vp(200) 200 P 1. ncdump -c file.nc netcdf 2. Linux Bash ncdump : lat(lat): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 lon(lon): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 depth(depth): 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 time(time): 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 pressure(time,depth,lat,lon): 10x10x10x5=5000 depth=10 time=24 : gmt grdinfo "file.nc?pressure[2,1]" : gmt grdinfo "file.nc?pressure(24,10)" netcdf netcdf : gmt psxy "file.nc?lon/lat"... gmt convert "file.nc?time/lat/lon"

121 If one or more of the selected variables are two-dimensional, and have the same leading dimension as the other selected variables they will be plotted in their entirety. For example, if a netcdf files contains 6 time steps recording temperature at 4 points, and the variable temp is a 6 by 4 array, then the command gmt convert "file.nc?time/temp" can result in: T00:00: T12:00: T00:00: T12:00: T00:00: If, for example, only the second temperature column is needed, use gmt convert "file.nc? time/temp[1]" (indices start counting at 0) GMT 1. -fg Flat Earth 2. +u<unit> filename+uk +u +U<unit> <unit> GMT 2D x = x min, x min + x inc, x min + 2 x inc,..., x max y = y min, y min + y inc, y min + 2 y inc,..., y max gridline registration pixel registration GMT : Nyquist

122 6.1: GMT x inc y inc nx = (x max x min )/x inc + 1 ny = (y max y min )/y inc + 1 nx=ny= nx = (x max x min )/x inc ny = (y max y min )/y inc nx=ny= GMT GMT -n GMT

123 f = n 2 f = 0 f(x, y) / n ( ) 2 2 = x y 2 Laplace X x max x min N = (x max x min )/x inc Y N+1 x = x min N+1 x = x max N x min + x inc /2 N x max x inc / (x max x min ) x inc X y max = 90 Y 3. 1 y min = 90 Y netcdf netcdf ncview Panoply

124 ncbrowse netcdf : netcdf netcdf4 6.5 CPT 2D Z Z Z CPT Z Z CPT color palette table CPT grdimage psxy psxyz makecpt grd2cpt CPT GMT CPT CPT awk perl CPT GMT GMT CPT : # COLOR_MODEL = model model RGB hsv cmyk CPT CPT CPT CPT CPT <key> CPT <key> CPT :

125 <key1> <fill1> [;<label1>] <key2> <fill2> [;<label2>]... <keyn> <filln> [;<labeln>] 1. <key> 2. <fill> 3. <key> B <key1> COLOR_BACKGROUND F <keyn> COLOR_FOREGROUND N NaN COLOR_NAN CPT : 0 yellow ;desert 1 green ;forest 2 red ;iceland CPT CPT CPT : <z0> <color_min_1> <z1> <color_max_1> [<A>] [;<label>] <z1> <color_min_2> <z2> <color_max_2> [<A>] [;<label>]... <zn-1> <color_min_n> <zn> <color_max_n> [<A>] [;<label>] B <fill_back> F <fill_fore> N <fill_nan> CPT Z <z0> <z1> Z <color_min_1> <color_max_1> 1. <z> 2. <z> <z> Z

126 3. <color_min_1> <color_max_1> <z0> <z1> Z 4. <color_min_1> <color_max_1> - 5. <A> psscale <A> L U B Z 6. ;<lable> psscale -L <label> 7. B F N COLOR_BACKGROUND COLOR_FOREGROUND NaN COLOR_NAN 8. B F N CPT CPT : 30 p /0/ /255/0 200 yellow 300 green 30<z<80 200dpi 16 80<z< <z< <z< GMT CPT GMT 43 CPT CPT $GMTHOME/share/cpt GMT 44 CPT CPT : gmt psscale -D5c/2c+w10c/1c+h+jTC -B0 -C<cpt> > test.ps makecpt 8 : gmt makecpt -C<cpt> -T-1/1/0.25 > new.cpt gmt psscale -D5c/2c+w10c/1c+h+jTC -Bf0.25 -Cnew.cpt > test.ps

127 abyss.cpt bathy.cpt categorical.cpt cool.cpt copper.cpt cubhelix.cpt cyclic.cpt dem1.cpt dem2.cpt dem3.cpt dem4.cpt drywet.cpt earth.cpt elevation.cpt etopo1.cpt gebco.cpt geo.cpt globe.cpt gray.cpt haxby.cpt hot.cpt ibcso.cpt 6.2: GMT CPT 1

128 inferno.cpt jet.cpt magma.cpt nighttime.cpt no_green.cpt ocean.cpt paired.cpt panoply.cpt plasma.cpt polar.cpt rainbow.cpt red2green.cpt relief.cpt seafloor.cpt sealand.cpt seis.cpt split.cpt terra.cpt topo.cpt viridis.cpt world.cpt wysiwyg.cpt 6.3: GMT CPT 2

129 6.5.3 CPT GMT CPT CPT 1. hinge 0 CPT z CPT : # HINGE = <hinge-value> CPT earth etopo1 geo globe polar red2green relief sealand split terra topo world 2. CPT z 0 1 CPT z (a) CPT RANGE : # RANGE = <zmin/zmax> (b) CPT : #!/bin/bash PS=GMT_CPT_3.ps gmt makecpt -Cglobe -T-8000/3000 > t.cpt gmt psscale -Ct.cpt -Baf -Dx0/0+w4.5i/0.1i+h -K -P > $PS gmt psscale -Cglobe -Baf -Dx0/0+w4.5i/0.1i+h -Y0.5i -O >> $PS rm gmt.* rm t.cpt CPT globe hinge hing hinge makecpt -T /<z_int>

130 : CPT CPT GMT makecpt grd2cpt CPT CPT CPT CPT 0 1 makecpt CPT makecpt grd2cpt cpt 1. -Iz CPT z 2. -Ic psscale 3. -Icz 4. -G CPT 5. CPT CPT #!/bin/bash J=X20c R=1/10/1/10 PS=GMT_CPT_4.ps SIZE=w15c/0.25c gmt makecpt -Chaxby -T-10/10/1 > Icpt.cpt gmt makecpt -Chaxby -T-10/10/1 -Iz > Icpt_z.cpt gmt makecpt -Chaxby -T-10/10/1 -Ic > Icpt_c.cpt gmt makecpt -Chaxby -T-10/10/1 -Icz > Icpt_cz.cpt gmt psxy -R$R -J$J -K -T > $PS gmt psscale -R -J -CIcpt.cpt -Dn0.5/0.25+jCM+$SIZE+h+e+n -B+l"Master CPT" -K -O >> $PS

131 gmt psscale -R -J -CIcpt_c.cpt -Dn0.5/0.4+jCM+$SIZE+h+e+n -B+l"-Ic" -K -O >> $PS gmt psscale -R -J -CIcpt_z.cpt -Dn0.5/0.55+jCM+$SIZE+h+e+n -B+l"-Iz" -K -O >> $PS gmt psscale -R -J -CIcpt_cz.cpt -Dn0.5/0.7+jCM+$SIZE+h+e+n -B+l"-Icz" -K -O >> $PS gmt psxy -R -J -O -T >> $PS rm gmt.* rm Icpt*.cpt NaN Icz NaN Iz NaN Ic NaN Master CPT 6.5: CPT CPT -Iz z CPT CPT GMT ~/.gmt $GMTHOME/share/cpt/ CPT.cpt +u U<unit> CPT Z

132 filename.cpt+u<unit> Z <unit> filename.cpt+u<unit> Z <unit> CPT CPT NaN NaN Not-a-Number IEEE NaN 0/0 NaN ASCII NaN NaN NaN bit pattern NaN C isnan NaN GMT NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN X Y NaN NaN IO_NAN_RECORDS 6.7 netcdf netcdf netcdf netcdf

133 6.2: netcdf Attribute Description Global attributes Conventions COARDS, CF-1.5 (optional) title Title (optional) source How file was created (optional) node_offset 0 for gridline node registration (default), 1 for pixel registration x- and y-variable attributes long_name Coordinate name (e.g., Longitude and Latitude ) units Unit of the coordinate (e.g., degrees_east and degrees_north ) actual range (or valid range) Minimum and maximum x and y of region; if absent the first and last x- and y-values are queried z-variable attributes long_name Name of the variable (default: z ) units Unit of the variable scale_factor Factor to multiply z with (default: 1) add_offset Offset to add to scaled z (default: 0) actual_range Minimum and maximum z (in unpacked units, optional) and z _FillValue (or Value associated with missing or invalid data points; if absent an appropriate missing_value) default value is assumed, depending on data type. GMT netcdf 2D Z X Y GMT netcdf netcdf IO netcdf IO netcdf / 1 3 GMT IO_NC4_CHUNK_SIZE IO_NC4_DEFLATION_LEVEL

134 : 6.8 Sun GMT Sun Sun bit-pattern scanline Sun 6.3: Sun ras_magic int ras_width int ras_height int ras_depth int ras_length int ras_type int ras_maptype int colormap ras_maplength int map ras_maptype RMT_NONE ras_maplength color

135 map ras_length 6.4: Sun RAS_MAGIC 0x59a66a95 RT_STANDARD 1 (Raw pixrect image in byte order) RT_BYTE_ENCODED 2 (Run-length compression of bytes) RT_FORMAT_RGB 3 ([X]RGB instead of [X]BGR) RMT_NONE 0 (ras_maplength is expected to be 0) RMT_EQUAL_RGB 1 (red[ras_maplength/3],green[],blue[]) 6.9 Native GMT NetCDF GMT GMT 892

136 6.5: GMT nx int X ny int Y registration int 0 1 x_min double X x_max double X y_min double Y y_max double Y z_min double Z z_max double Z x_inc double X y_inc double Y z_scale_factor double Z z_add_offset double Z x_units char[80] X y_units char[80] Y z_units char[80] Z title char[80] command char[320] remark char[160] z TYPE [nx*ny] Z 6.10 GMT Windows docx MS Word GMT gmt.io GMT ~/.gmt gmt.io gmt.io : # GMT i/o shorthand file # It can have any number of comment lines like this one anywhere # suffix format_id scale offset NaN Comments grd nf Default format

137 b bf Native binary floats i2 bs byte integers with NaN value ras rb Sun raster files byte bb Native binary 1-byte grids bit bm Native binary 0 or 1 grids mask bm Native binary 1 or NaN masks faa bs Native binary gravity in 0.1 mgal ns ns a a - 16-bit integer netcdf grid with auto-scale and auto-offset IO_GRIDFILE_SHORTHAND true file. i2 file.i2=bs///32767 wet.mask wet.mask=bm+n OGR GMT raster vector GMT netcdf GDAL / Geospatial Data Abstraction Library GDAL OGR GDAL 2.0 GDAL OGR GMT GMT5 OGR GMT OGR/GMT GMT4 OGR/GMT OGR/GMT GMT GIS

138 OGR/GMT OGR/GMT \ \n GMT GIS shapefiles OGR/GMT OGR/GMT OGR/GMT OGR/GMT OGR/GMT : GMT1.0 POINT:

139 MULTIPOINT: LINESTRING: GMT MULTILINESTRING: POLYGON: MULTIPOLYGON: @R -R : OGR WKT (well known text) @Jp"+proj=longlat +ellps=wgs84+datum=wgs84 +no_defs" ,AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"7030\"]],TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0], AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"6326\"]],PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\ AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"8901\"]],UNIT[\"degree\", ,\ AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"9122\"]],AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"4326\"]]"

140 string interger double datetime logical @Nname depth double integer name depth id @T LINE POLYGON MULTILINE MULTIPOLYGON > > @Nname depth double integer 1" @Nname depth double integer > 1"

141 @H @Nname depth id double integer +ellps=wgs84 +datum=wgs84+no_defs" # FEATURE_DATA 1" " @Nname depth id double integer +ellps=wgs84 +datum=wgs84+no_defs" # FEATURE_DATA > -W0.25p 1" > -W0.25p 2" $

142 @N"Polygon name" substrate string integer +ellps=wgs84 +datum=wgs84+no_defs" # FEATURE_DATA > -Gblue -W0.25p 1" finesand > # First hole in the preceding perimeter, so is technically still # part of the same geometry, despite the preceding > character. # No attribute data is provided, as this is inherited >

143 GMT GMT - GMT GMT GMT 143

144 7.1: GMT -B -J -K PS PS -O PS -P Portrait -R -U -V -X X -Y Y -a -b -d nodata NaN -e pattern -f ASCII -g -h -i -n -o -p 3D -r -s NaN -t -x -: y/x x/y 7.1 -R -R R<xmin>/<xmax>/<ymin>/<ymax>

145 X Y -R0/360/-90/90 X Y R<xlleft>/<ylleft>/<xuright>/<yuright>+r (xlleft, ylleft) (xuright, yuright) -R-90/20/-65/30+r 3. -R<gridfile> <gridfile> -R 4. -R<code><x0>/<y0>/<nx>/<ny> <code> <code> (x0, y0) <nx> <ny> X Y -I a) Rxmin/xmax/ymin/ymax b) Rxlleft/ylleft/xuright/yuright r 7.1: -R (a) (b)

146 7.1.2 GMT GMT -Rg -R0/360/-90/90 -Rd -R-180/180/-90/90 GMT -JX -Jx 1. -Rg 0/360/-90/ Rd -180/180/-90/ Rg<xmin>/<xmax>/<ymin>/<ymax> 4. W E S N D G -R0/360G/-90/90N 5. -fg -f : -fg u -R-200/200/-300/300+uk (0,0) 400km x 600km GMT UTM meters yyyymmddthh:mm:ss.xxx

147 J -J -J -J<δ>[<pars>/]<scale> -J< >[<pars>/]<width> <δ> < > <pars> <width> <scale> xxxx 1:xxxx 1 xxxx 1 xxxx -J : -Jm1c 1 1 -Jm1: cm cm 100 km -JM15c 15 -R -J -JX10c/5c 10 5

148 GMT 7.2: GMT -J Codes WITH GMT PROJECTION CODES -J (upper case for width, lower case for scale) Map projection -JAlon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/width Lambert azimuthal equal area -JBlon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 width Albers conic equal area -JClon 0 /lat 0 width Cassini cylindrical -JCyl_stere/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]width Cylindrical stereographic -JDlon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 width Equidistant conic -JElon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/width Azimuthal equidistant -JFlon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/width Azimuthal gnomonic -JGlon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/width Azimuthal orthographic -JGlon 0 /lat 0 alt/azim/tilt/twist/w/h/width General perspective -JHlon 0 width Hammer equal area -JIlon 0 width Sinusoidal equal area -JJlon 0 width Miller cylindrical -JKflon 0 width Eckert IV equal area -JKslon 0 width Eckert VI equal area -JLlon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 width Lambert conic conformal -JM[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]width Mercator cylindrical -JN[lon 0 /]width Robinson -JOalon 0 /lat 0 azim/width Oblique Mercator, 1: origin and azimuth -JOblon 0 /lat 0 /lon 1 /lat 1 width Oblique Mercator, 2: two points -JOclon 0 /lat 0 /lon p /lat p width Oblique Mercator, 3: origin and pole -JP[a]width[/origin] Polar [azimuthal] (θ, r) (or cylindrical) -JPoly[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]width (American) polyconic -JQ[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]width Equidistant cylindrical -JR[lon 0 /]width Winkel Tripel -JSlon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/width General stereographic -JT[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]width Transverse Mercator -JUzone/width Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) -JV[lon 0 /]width Van der Grinten -JW[lon 0 /]width Mollweide -JXwidth[l pexp T t][/height[l pexp T t]][d] Linear, log 10, x a y b, and time -JYlon 0 /lat 0 width Cylindrical equal area GMT 26 26

149 GMT GMT Proj4 Proj4 -Jm -Jmerc 7.3: Proj4 -J codes WITH Proj4 PROJECTION CODES -J (lower case for scale only) Map projection -Jaea/lon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 /scale -Jaeqd/lon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/scale -Jcass/lon 0 /lat 0 /scale -Jcea/lon 0 /lat 0 /scale -Jcyl_stere/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]scale -Jeqc/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]scale -Jeqdc/lon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 /scale -Jgnom/lon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/scale -Jhammer/lon 0 /scale -Jeck4/lon 0 /scale -Jeck6/lon 0 /scale -Jlaea/lon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/scale -Jlcc/lon 0 /lat 0 /lat 1 /lat 2 /scale -Jmerc/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]scale -Jmill/lon 0 /scale -Jmoll/[lon 0 /]scale -Jnsper/lon 0 /lat 0 alt/azim/tilt/twist/w/h/scale -Jomerc/lon 0 /lat 0 azim/scale -Jomerc/lon 0 /lat 0 /lon 1 /lat 1 /scale -Jomercp/:lon 0 /lat 0 /lon p /lat p /scale -Jortho/lon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/scale -Jpolar/[a]scale[/origin] -Jpoly/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]scale -Jrobin/[lon 0 /]scale -Jsinu/lat 0 /scale -Jstere/lon 0 /lat 0 [/horizon]/scale -Jtmerc/[lon 0 [/lat 0 /]]scale -Jutm/zone/scale -Jvandg/[lon 0 /]scale -Jwintri/[lon 0 /]scale Albers conic equal area Azimuthal equidistant Cassini cylindrical Cylindrical equal area Cylindrical stereographic Equidistant cylindrical Equidistant conic Azimuthal gnomonic Hammer equal area Eckert IV equal area Eckert VI equal area Lambert azimuthal equal area Lambert conic conformal Mercator cylindrical Miller cylindrical Mollweide General perspective Oblique Mercator, 1: origin and azimuth Oblique Mercator, 2: two points Oblique Mercator, 3: origin and pole Azimuthal orthographic Polar [azimuthal] (θ, r) (or cylindrical) (American) polyconic Robinson Sinusoidal equal area General stereographic Transverse Mercator Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Van der Grinten Winkel Tripel Continued on next page

150 7.3 continued from previous page WITH Proj4 PROJECTION CODES -Jxyxscale[l pexp T t][/yscale[l pexp T t]][d] Linear, log 10, x a y b, and time 7.3 -B -B -B -B -B B : -B[<axes>][+b][+g<fill>][+n][+o<lon>/<lat>][+t<title] <axes> +b 3D -R 12 +g<fill> +n +o<lon>/<lat> +o +t<title> <axes> +t<title> <axes> <axes> 1. 2.

151 3. -B <axes> : gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10 -JX5c -B2 -BWSEN > test1.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10 -JX5c -B2 -BWSn > test2.ps 3D <axes> Z Z Z z Z 1234 Z 1 Z Z +b -R 12 box Z xz yz 3D -B -B : gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -Bz2 -BWSENZ -p45/45 > test1.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -Bz2 -BWSENZ1234 -p45/45 > test2.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -Bz2 -BWSEN+b -p45/45 > test3.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -Bz2 -B+b -p45/45 > test4.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -Bz2 -BWESNZ+b -p45/45 > test5.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10/0/10 -JX5c -JZ5c -B2 -Bz2 -BwSEnZ+b -p45/45 > test6.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10 -JX5c -Ba2g2 -BWSen+glightblue+ttitle > test.ps gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/10 -JX5c -Ba2g2 -BWS+glightblue+t"This is title" > test2.ps X Y Z : -B[p s][x y z]<intervals>[+l L<label>][+p<prefix>][+u<unit>] : -B[p s][x y z]<intervals> -B[p s][x y z][+l L<label>][+p<prefix>][+u<unit>]

152 p s x y z <interval> +l<label> X X Y Y Y Y +L<label> Y X +p<prefix> +u<unit> FORMAT_GEO_MAP p s p Primary s Secondary Primary Secondary p s GMT p s p s x y z xy X Y x xy xyz -B <interval> annotation frame grid <interval> [<t>]<stride>[±<phase>][<u>] <t> a f g <stride> stride 0 ±<phase>

153 annotation frame grid 7.2: GMT <u> -B -Bafg -Bxafg -Byafg X Y : gmt psbasemap -JX10c/10c -R0/10/0/10 -Ba2f1g1 > test.ps -B -Ba2f1g1 -Bxa2 -Bya1 -Bxafg -Byafg -Ba2+1f1g MAP_FRAME_TYPE fancy 1 W 0 1 E 2 E annotation frame grid 7.3: 1 -Ba1f15mg5m -BS p s p s

154 2 W 45' 30' 15' 1 W 45' 30' 15' 0 15' 30' 45' 1 E P: S: annotation frame grid annotation frame grid 7.4: 2 P S -Bpa15mf5mg5m -BwSe -Bs1f30mg15m FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT %g <stride> FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT %.2f annotation frame grid 0 % 4 % 8 % 12 % Frequency 7.5: -R0/12/0/0.95 -JX3i/0.3i -Ba4f2g1+lFrequency+u" %" -BS log 10 <stride> <stride> <stride> n n 10 n <stride> l log

155 <stride> p 10 n Axis Label Axis Label Axis Label 7.6: ( ) -R1/1000/0/1 -JX3il/0.25i -Ba1f2g3( ) -R1/1000/0/1 -JX3il/0.25i -Ba1f2g3l( ) -R1/1000/0/1 -JX3il/0.25i -Ba1f2g3p <stride> <stride> p stride=1 pow=0.5 sqrt X -BS

156 Axis Label Axis Label 7.7: ( ) -R0/100/0/0.9 -JX3ip0.5/0.25i -Ba20f10g5 ( ) -R0/100/0/0.9 -JX3ip0.5/0.25i -Ba3f2g1p 7.4: GMT Flag Unit Description Y year Plot using all 4 digits y year Plot using last 2 digits O month Format annotation using FORMAT_DATE_MAP o month Plot as 2-digit integer (1 12) U ISO week Format annotation using FORMAT_DATE_MAP u ISO week Plot as 2-digit integer (1 53) r Gregorian 7-day stride from start of week (see TIME_WEEK_START) week K ISO weekday Plot name of weekday in selected language k weekday Plot number of day in the week (1 7) (see TIME_WEEK_START) D date Format annotation using FORMAT_DATE_MAP d day Plot day of month (1 31) or day of year (1 366) (FOR- MAT_DATE_MAP) R day Same as d; annotations aligned with week (see TIME_WEEK_START) H hour Format annotation using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP h hour Plot as 2-digit integer (0 24) M minute Format annotation using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP m minute Plot as 2-digit integer (0 60) S seconds Format annotation using FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP s seconds Plot as 2-digit integer (0 60)

157 2000 : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP=-o FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p gmt psbasemap -R T/ T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Bpa7Rf1d -Bsa1O -BS -P > GMT_-B_ time1.ps -Bsa1O O FORMAT_DATE_MAP FORMAT_DATE_MAP -o April May 7.8: : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP "o dd" FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP hh:mm FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p gmt psbasemap -R T/ T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Bpa6Hf1h -Bsa1K -BS -P -K > GMT_ -B_time2.ps gmt psbasemap -R -J -Bpa6Hf1h -Bsa1D -BS -O -Y0.65i >> GMT_-B_time2.ps 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 July 21 July 22 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Monday Tuesday 7.9: 2 : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP o FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP Character FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p gmt psbasemap -R1997T/1999T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Bpa3Of1o -Bsa1Y -BS -P > GMT_-B_time3.ps J A J O J A J O : 3

158 R t p s 12 : gmt set FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP=-hham FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p TIME_UNIT d gmt psbasemap -R0.2t/0.35t/0/1 -JX-5i/0.2i -Bpa15mf5m -Bsa1H -BS -P > GMT_-B_time4.ps 15 8am am am am 7.11: 4 : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP u FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP Character \ FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP full FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p gmt psbasemap -R T/ T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Bpa1K -Bsa1U -BS -P -K > GMT_-B_ time5.ps gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP o TIME_WEEK_START Sunday FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP Chararacter gmt psbasemap -R -J -Bpa3Kf1k -Bsa1r -BS -O -Y0.65i >> GMT_-B_time5.ps W S S W S S W M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F Week 30 Week 31 Week : : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP "o yy" FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP Abbreviated gmt psbasemap -R1996T/1996-6T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Ba1Of1d -BS -P > GMT_-B_time6.ps JAN 96 FEB 96 MAR 96 APR 96 MAY : 6 : gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP jjj TIME_INTERVAL_FRACTION 0.05 FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +9p gmt psbasemap -R T/ T/0/1 -JX5i/0.2i -Bpa5Df1d -Bsa1Y -BS -P > GMT_- B_time7.ps

159 : GMT -Bc # : coord type [label] coord type a i annotation interval annotation a i f frame tick g gridline label coord label label coord xannots.txt yannots.txt X Y : cat << EOF > xannots.txt ig Devonian ig Silurian ig Ordovician 542 ig Cambrian EOF cat << EOF > yannots.txt 0 a 1 a 2 f ag e 3 f f 5 f

160 6 f ag 2@~p@~ EOF gmt psbasemap -R416/542/0/ JX-5i/2.5i -Bpx25f5g25+u" Ma" -Bpycyannots.txt \ -BWS+glightblue -P -K > GMT_-B_custom.ps gmt psbasemap -R416/542/0/ JX-5i/2.5i -Bsxcxannots.txt -BWS -O \ --MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_SECONDARY=10p --MAP_GRID_PEN_SECONDARY=2p >> GMT_-B_ custom.ps rm -f [xy]annots.txt 2π π e Ma 500 Ma Ordovician 475 Ma 450 Ma Silurian 425 Ma Devonian 7.15: 7.4 -P -P Portrait GMT Landscape -P Portrait GMT PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION : -P -P -P

161 7.5 -V -V verbose -V verbose 6 6 -Vq quiet -Vn nomral -V -Vc compatibility GMT -Vv -V verbose -Vl long -Vd debug -V verbose GMT GMT_VERBOSE 7.6 -U -U UNIX GMT logo : -U[<just>/<dx>/<dy>/][c <label>] -U logo -U<just>/<dx>/<dy> logo -UBL/-54p/-54p -U<label> <label> -U"This is string" -Uc GMT logo MAP_LOGO FALSE MAP_LOGO_POS

162 FORMAT_TIME_STAMP : FONT_LOGO gmt psbasemap -R0/10/0/5 -JX10c/3c -Bx1 -By1 -P -UBL/-1.5c/-1.5c/"This is a GMT logo" > GMT_-U.ps Oct 09 15:12:05 This is a GMT logo 7.16: -U : -U -U 7.7 -K -O -K -O GMT K -O PhotoShop Power- Point PhotoShop GMT GMT :

163 # # gmt pscoast... > map.ps # gmt psxy event.dat -Sa0.5c... >> map.ps # gmt psxy station.in -St0.5c... >> map.ps PS PS PS PS PS header body trailer PS PS 1 part PostScript file HEADER 2 part PostScript file HEADER n part PostScript file HEADER BODY 1 TRAILER BODY 1 BODY 2 K omits trailer O omits header BODY 1 BODY i K omits trailer 2nd through n 1 th overlays require both O and K TRAILER O omits header BODY n TRAILER 7.17: -K -O PS

164 K -O -K -O GMT PS -K -O -K -K -O -O : gmt pscmd1... -K > out.ps gmt pscmd2... -K -O >> out.ps... gmt pscmd3... -K -O >> out.ps gmt pscmd4... -O >> out.ps K -O -K -O n PS 1 -K > 2 n-1 -K -O >> n -O >> -K -O -K -O -K -O -O >>

165 -K GMT -K -O -K -O : #!/bin/bash PS=map.ps J=JX5c/5c R=0/10/0/10 # gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K > $PS # gmt xxxx -J$J -R$R... -K -O >> $PS gmt xxxx -J$J -R$R... -K -O >> $PS # gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O >> $PS bash psxy -T gmt psxy... -T -K PS gmt psxy... -T -O PS -K -O >> -K -O gmt psxy -T -K gmt psbasemap -B... -K

166 7.8 -X -Y -X -Y -X -Y -X : -X[a c f r][<xshift>[<u>]] <xshift> X <u> -X2i -Xr2i X 2 -Xa5c X 5 -Xc3c X 3 -Xf4c X 4 -X -Y 1. -O -Xr1i -Yr1i (1i, 1i) 2. -O -Xr0 -Yr0 3. -X -Y 1. MAP_ORIGIN_X MAP_ORIGIN_Y 2. PS -X -Y -X -Y : gmt psbasemap -JX5c/2c -R0/5/0/2 -B1 -K > test.ps gmt psbasemap -J -R -B1 -K -O -X7c >> test.ps gmt psbasemap -J -R -B1 -K -O -X-7c -Y4c >> test.ps gmt psbasemap -J -R -B1 -K -O -X7c >> test.ps

167 psbasemap : -X -Y 1. (1i,1i) cm cm 4 cm cm a GMT5 OGR/GMT OGR GMT GMT OGR/GMT : -a[<col>=]<name>[,...] -a <col>=<name> OGR/GMT <name> / <col> <col> 2 -a2=depth X Y depth

168 <col> D G L T W Z Z GMT OGR/GMT <col>=<name>[:<type>] <col> <type> <name> <col> D G L T W Z +g<geometry> <geometry> [M]POINT LINE POLY +G b GMT ASCII netcdf ASCII GMT -b GMT -b : -b[i o][<ncols>][<type>][w][+l +B] -bi -bo <ncols><type> <ncols> <type> <type> c int8_t u uint8_t h int16_t H uint16_t i int32_t I uint32_t l int64_t L uint64_t f d

169 x <ncols> 3 int32_t -bi2f,1i <ncols><type> w +L +B little-endian big-endian <ncols> <type> <ncols> d GMT NaN GMT GMT GMT -d : -d[i o]<nodata> -di -do <nodata> NaN NaN <nodata> e GMT ASCII -e -e : -e[~]"<pattern>" -e[~]<regexp>[i] -e~ ~ \~ i

170 7.13 -f / -f -f -fi -fo / x y T t f 6 5 <start>[:<inc>]:<stop> <inc> 1 1: fi0y,1x,3:4t 3 4 -fg -f0x,1y / -fp<unit> g GMT NaN IO_NAN_RECORDS skip NaN IO_NAN_RECORDS pass NaN 3. -g -g : -g[a]x y d X Y D [<col>]z[±]<gap>[u] x X <gap> y Y <gap> d <gap>

171 <u> X Y D X Y [<col>]z <col> 2 +<gap> <gap> -<gap> <gap> <gap> <gap> -ga h -h : -h[i o][<n>][+c][+d][+r<remark>][+t<title>] <n> i o / # <n> # 1. -h GMT IO_N_HEADER_RECS h3 3 <n> +d +c +r<remark> +t<title> remark title i -o

172 gawk GMT -i -o -i : -i<col>[+l][+s<scale>][+o<offset>][,...] GMT -i -i3,6, o3,1,3 <start>[:<inc>]:[<stop>] <inc> 1 1:3 +l log 10 +s<scale> <scale> +o<offset> <offset> -i2+s2+o10,6, o : -o<col>[,...] -o n -n : -n[b c l n][+a][+b<bc>][+c][+t<threshold>] b B-sphine c bicubic l bilinear n nearest-neighbor +a +b<bc> <BC> g p n x y -nb+bnxpy X Y

173 +c Z zmin zmax +c zmin zmax +t<threshold> r GMT 2D GMT / -r GMT / -R -I p 2D -p : -p[x y z]<azim>/<elev>[/<zlevel>][+w<lon0>/<lat0>][/<z0>]][+v<x0>/<y0>] <azim> <elev> 180/90 <evel> 3D -JZ z Z XY -p <zlevel> Z=<zlevel> 2D -px y X=<xlevel> Y=<ylevel> YZ XZ -pz Z=<zlevel> XY -p + +w<lon0>/<lat0>/<z> +v<x0>/<y0> s -s Z NaN :

174 -s[<cols>][a r] Z NaN Z NaNN <cols> <start>[:<inc>]:<stop> <inc> 1 2,5,7 2:4 NaN r reverse NaN -sa NaN t -t PostScript Adobe PostScript PS PDF PDF -t PS psconvert PS PDF x GMT OpenMP OpenMP GMT -x GMT : -x[[-]<n>] -x x-4 all-4 all-4<1 1 greenspline grdmask grdmath grdfilter grdsample sph2grd grdgravmag3d talwani2d talwani3d x2sys_solve

175 7.23 -: GMT X Y -: -:i -i1,0 -:o -o1,0 : / -R

176 GMT 8.1 GMT GMT GMT 100 GMT gmt defaults -D. GMT gmt.conf gmt.conf./gmt.conf > ~/.gmt/gmt.conf > ~/gmt.conf GMT ~/.gmt GMT 100 gmt.conf GMT gmt.conf GMT GMT +<defaultfile> PowerPoint gmt.conf 176

177 8.1.3 GMT GMT gmt.conf GMT 1. GMT +<defaultfile> <defaultfile> : gmt psxy... +custom_gmt.conf > test.ps 2. gmt.conf cp ~/somewhere/gmt.conf./gmt.conf gmt psxy... gmt pscoast... gmt psxy... rm gmt.conf 3. gmtset GMT 12p,Times-Bold,red gmt gmtset FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY 12p,Times-Bold,red gmtset gmt.conf GMT gmt.conf gmtset gmt.conf 4. --PAR=value GMT --FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT=%.16lg 5. GMT GMT A gmtset a b GMT B A a B b gmt.conf

178 b A b gmtset b b B b gmt psxy... gmt pscoast.. gmt gmtset... gmt grdimage... gmt psxy... rm gmt.conf gmt.history # GMT gmt clear conf gmt.conf rm gmt.conf GMT GMT MAP_FRAME_WIDTH 10 N Plot Title MAP_DEFAULT_PEN FONT_TITLE MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY 0 MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY MAP_TICK_LENGTH_PRIMARY MAP_FRAME_TYPE 10 S 60 W 50 W 40 W 30 W MAP_DEGREE_SYMBOL FORMAT_GEO_MAP MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_PRIMARY 8.1: GMT COLOR

179 FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY MAP_FRAME_PEN MAP_ORIGIN_X 90 W 80 W 90 W 70 W 30 N 30 N MAP_LINE_STEP 80 W 70 W 60 W 10 N 10 N 20 N 20 N MAP_ORIGIN_Y MAP_ANNOT_MAX_ANGLE MAP_GRID_PEN_PRIMARY MAP_ANNOT_MIN_SPACING PS_PAGE_COLOR PS_MEDIA MAP_ANNOT_OBLIQUE 8.2: GMT 2 MAP_ANNOT_ORTHO X_AXIS_LENGTH 10 2 MAP_FRAME_AXES 10 1 y axis label Y_AXIS_LENGTH FORMAT_DATE_MAP FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP GMT_LANGUAGE 10 2 MAP_LOGO_POS MAP_LOGO Setembro 11 Setembro 12 x axis label FORMAT_TIME_STAMP 2011 Jun 13 22:10:02 Dazed and Confused FONT_ANNOT_SECONDARY FONT_LABEL 8.3: GMT 3

180 COLOR_BACKGROUND Z CPT [black] COLOR_FOREGROUND Z CPT [white] COLOR_NAN Z NaN [127.5] grdimage psscale intensity file HSV / HSV S V S V COLOR_HSV_MAX_S S 0 1 [0.1] COLOR_HSV_MIN_S S 0 1 [1.0] COLOR_HSV_MAX_V V 0 1 [1.0] COLOR_HSV_MIN_V V 0 1 [0.3] COLOR_MODEL CPT [none] none CPT COLOR_MODEL rgb RGB hsv HSV cmyk CMYK RGB RGB HSV 8.3 DIR DIR_DCW DCW GMT DIR_GSHHG [$GMTHOME/_SHAREDIR/coast] DIR_DATA GMT DIR_DATA ${GMT_DATADIR}

181 DIR_CACHE GMT URL 8.4 FONT FONT FONT FONT_LOGO gmt.conf FONT_ANNOT FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY FONT_ANNOT_SECONDARY FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY Primary [12p,Helvetica,black] + FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY FONT_ANNOT_SECONDARY Secondary [14p,Helvetica, black] FONT_LABEL [16p,Helvetica,black] FONT_TITLE [24p,Helvetica,black] FONT_LOGO GMT [8p,Helvetica,black] ID 8.5 FORMAT / / FORMAT_DATE_IN [ yyyy-mm-dd ] ISO yyyy yy mm

182 o dd jjj ddmmyyy yy-mm-dd dd-o-yyyy yyyy/dd/mm yyyy-jjj ISO yyyy[-]w[-]ww[-]d ww d yyyywwwd yyyy-www FORMAT_DATE_OUT [ yyyy-mm-dd ] FORMAT_DATE_IN - -yyyy-mm-dd T FORMAT_DATE_MAP [ yyyy-mm-dd ] FORMAT_DATE_IN FORMAT_DATE_OUT mm o Jan 01 u W[-]ww Week 10 W10 GMT_LANGUAGE FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP / / FORMAT_CLOCK_OUT [ hh:mm:ss ] am AM a.m. A.M. hh:mm:ss.xxx hh:mm hh:mm.xxx hha.m FORMAT_CLOCK_IN [ hh:mm:ss ] 24 hh:mm:ss 12 am pm AM PM hh:mm hh:mm:ssam FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP [ hh:mm:ss ] /

183 FORMAT_GEO_OUT [ D ] [±]D FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT D D D [±]ddd[:mm[:ss]][.xxx][f G] ddd : mm ss.xxx F WSEN G F ± ddd:mmf => 35:45W ddd:mmg => 35:45 W ddd:mm:ss => 40:34:24 ddd.xxx => FORMAT_GEO_MAP [ ddd.mm.ss ] FORMAT_GEO_OUT -B A / FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT [%.12lg]

184 C printf %.3lf cols:format cols cols 0:%.3lf,1-3:%.12lg,%lf N N %.3lf %.2lf %lf : 1. GMT %d 2. %'lg ,000 %\'lg FORMAT_FLOAT_MAP [%.12lg] FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT FORMAT_TIME_MAP FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP [full] full January abbreviate Jan character J Full Abbreviate Character $GMTHOME/share/localization/gmt_us.locale FORMAT_TIME_SECONDARY_MAP [full] FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP FORMAT_TIME_STAMP GMT [ %Y %b %d %H:%M:%S ] C strftime

185 8.6 IO IO_HEADER / [false] true false true -h IO_N_HEADER_RECS -h [0] -h IO_LONLAT_TOGGLE [false] -: -: 1. false / (x, y) 2. true / (y, x) 3. IN (y, x) 4. OUT (y, x) IO_NAN_RECORDS X Y Z NaN [pass] skip NaN NaN pass IO_COL_SEPARATOR GMT ASCII [tab] tab space comma none IO_SEGMENT_MARKER [ > ] >,: 1. B 2. N NaN To use B or N as regular segment markers you must escape them with a leading backslash. IO_NC4_CHUNK_SIZE netcdf [auto] netcdf

186 IO_NC4_DEFLATION_LEVEL netcdf4 [3] IO_SEGMENT_BINARY NaN [2] NaN IO_SEGMENT_BINARY 0 off IO_GRIDFILE_SHORTHAND [false] true false IO_GRIDFILE_FORMAT GMT [nf] 8.7 MAP MAP_DEFAULT_PEN -W [default,pen] + PEN MAP_FRAME_AXES / [WSEN] WSEN -B -B MAP_FRAME_TYPE [fancy] inside plain graph fancy fancy+ fancy X Y rectangular polar plain MAP_BASEMAP_TYPE fancy MAP_FRAME_PEN plain [thicker,black] MAP_FRAME_WIDTH fancy [5p] MAP_ORIGIN_X X [1i] MAP_ORIGIN_Y Y [1i]

187 fancy fancy plain inside graph 8.4: GMT

188 MAP_LOGO GMT [false] true false -U MAP_LOGO_POS GMT [BL/-54p/-54p] MAP_TITLE_OFFSET [14p] MAP_SCALE_HEIGHT [5p] MAP_TICK_PEN MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY MAP_TICK_PEN_SECONDARY MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY [thinner,black] MAP_TICK_PEN_SECONDARY [thinner,black] MAP_TICK_LENGTH MAP_TICK_LENGTH_PRIMARY MAP_TICK_LENGTH_SECONDARY MAP_TICK_LENGTH_PRIMARY [5p/2.5p] MAP_TICK_LENGTH_SECONDARY [15p/3.75p] 25% MAP_LINE_STEP [0.75p] GMT MAP_GRID_PEN MAP_GRID_PEN_PRIMARY MAP_GRID_PEN_SECONDARY MAP_GRID_PEN_PRIMARY [default,black] MAP_GRID_PEN_SECONDARY [thinner,black] MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_SECONDARY MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0 [0p] MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_SECONDARY 0 [0p] MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_PRIMARY MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_SECONDARY

189 MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_PRIMARY [5p] MAP_ANNOT_OFFSET_SECONDARY secondary [5p] MAP_LABEL_OFFSET [8p] MAP_VECTOR_SHAPE [0] V MAP_DEGREE_SYMBOL [ring] ring degree colon none MAP_ANNOT_MIN_ANGLE [0,90] [20] MAP_ANNOT_MIN_SPACING [0p] MAP_ANNOT_ORTHO [we] wesnz MAP_ANNOT_OBLIQUE MAP_POLAR_CAP 8.8 PROJ PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT [c] PROJ_ELLIPSOID [WGS-84] GMT GMT GMT a a m a,inv_f inv_f ,

190 a,b=semi_minor semi_minor m ,b= a,f=flattening flattening ,f= GMT GMT PROJ_AUX_LATITUDE [authalic] PROJ_MEAN_RADIUS authalic geocentric conformal meridional parametric none none GMT PROJ_MEAN_RADIUS / [authalic] mean (R_1) authalic (R_2) volumetric(r_3) meridional quadratic PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR Polar Stereographic UTM Transverse Mercator 1

191 PROJ_GEODESIC [Vincenty] 1. Vincenty 0.5mm 2. Rudoe given for legacy purpose 3. Andoyer 10 Vincenty PS PS PS_CHAR_ENCODING [ISOLatin1+ Standard+] Standard Standard+ ISOLatin1 ISOLatin1+ ISO-8859-x x [1-10] [13-15] GMT SI ISOLatin1 Standard+ PS_LINE_CAP [butt] butt round square PS_LINE_CAP square round butt 8.5: PS_LINE_CAP PS_LINE_CAP=round PS_LINE_JOIN [miter]

192 miter round bevel PS_LINE_JOIN 20p miter round bevel 8.6: PS_LINE_JOIN PS_MITER_LIMIT mitered [35] bevelled mitered PS beveled PS_MEDIA [a4 letter] GMT points

193 8.1: GMT Media width height Media width height A archa A archb A archc A archd A arche A flsa A halfletter A statement A note A letter A legal B x B tabloid B ledger B B B WxH W H 12cx12c 12 gmt_custom_media.conf : ~/.gmt/ # paper paper PS_PAGE_COLOR [white] PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION [landscape] portrait landscape PS_SCALE_X X [1.0]

194 PS_SCALE_Y Y [1.0] PS_TRANSPARENCY PS [Normal] Color ColorBurn ColorDodge Darken Difference Exclusion HardLight Hue Lighten Luminosity Multiply Normal Overlay Saturation SoftLight Screen PS_COLOR_MODEL PS [rgb] RGB HSV CMYK GRAY HSV RGB GRAY YIQ PS_COMMENTS PS [false] true PS PS false PS PS PS_IMAGE_COMPRESS PS [deflate,5] rle Run-Length Encoding scheme lzw Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression deflate[,level] DEFLATE compression level 1 9 none deflate, TIME TIME_EPOCH [ T00:00:00] yyyy-mm-ddt[hh:mm:ss] yyyy-www-ddtt[hh:mm:ss] TIME_UNIT [s] 1. y o 3. d

195 4. h 5. m 6. s TIME_SYSTEM TIME_EPOCH TIME_UNIT TIME_SYSTEM TIME_EPOCH TIME_UNIT 1. JD T12:00:00 d 2. MJD T00:00:00 d 3. J T12:00:00 d 4. S T00:00:00 s 5. UNIX T00:00:00 s 6. RD T00:00:00 s 7. RATA T00:00:00 d gmt.conf TIME_EPOCH TIME_UNIT TIME_WEEK_START Monday Sunday TIME_Y2K_OFFSET_YEAR TIME_Y2K_OFFSET_YEAR 100 [1950] TIME_Y2K_OFFSET_YEAR= TIME_INTERVAL_FRACTION TIME_REPORT TIME_IS_INTERVAL 8.11 GMT GMT_AUTO_DOWNLOAD GMT [on] GMT_COMPATIBILITY [4]

196 4 GMT4 5 GMT4 GMT5 GMT4 GMT_VERBOSE GMT verbose [c] : quiet normal compat verbose long debug -V GMT_TRIANGULATE triangulate [Watson] triangulate Watson GPL Shewchuk GPL Shewchuk GMT_LANGUAGE [US] US January GMT CN1 CN2 UK US GMT gmt.conf $GMTHOME/share/localization ~/.gmt GMT_HISTORY GMT gmt.history [true] true readonly false GMT_INTERPOLANT [akima] 1. linear

197 2. akima akima s spline 3. cubic natural cubic spline 4. none GMT_EXPORT_TYPE [double] double single [u]long [u]int [u]short [u]char GMT_EXTRAPOLATE_VAL [NaN] 1. NaN NaN 2. extrap 3. extrapval,val val GMT_CUSTOM_LIBS GMT GMT GMT GMT GMT gmt xxx GMT Windows / ${GMTHOME}/bin/gmt_plugins GMT_FFT FFT [auto] 1. auto 2. fftw[,planner] FFTW planner measure patient exhaustive 3. accelerate OS X Accelerate Framework 4. kiss kiss FFT 5. brenner Brenner Legacy FFT

198 GMT GMT C = Conformal E = Equal Area GMT PROJECTIONS GEOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS CYLINDRICAL CONICAL AZIMUTHAL THEMATIC OTHER Basic [E] Albers [E] Cassini Equidistant Equidistant Lambert [C] Mercator [C] Polyconic Miller Oblique Mercator [C] Stereographic Transverse Mercator [C] UTM [C] Equidistant Gnomonic Orthographic Perspective Lambert [E] Stereographic [C] Eckert IV + VI [E] Hammer [E] Mollweide [E] Robinson Sinusoidal [E] Winkel Tripel Van der Grinten Linear Logarithmic Exponential Time Polar 9.1: GMT 9.1 -Jx GMT 198

199 Log 10 gmtmath : gmt gmtmath -T0/100/1 T SQRT = sqrt.d gmt gmtmath -T0/100/10 T SQRT = sqrt.d u'=au+b u u' -Jx<scale> X Y <scale> -JX<width> X Y <width> -Jx<xscale>/<yscale> X Y -JX<width>/<height> X Y y = x : gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -JX3i/1.5i -Bag -BWSne+gsnow -Wthick,blue,- -P -K sqrt.d > GMT_ linear.ps gmt psxy -R -J -St0.1i -N -Gred -Wfaint -O sqrt.d10 >> GMT_linear.ps

200 : X Y X Y Y X Y 0 X X Y Y -JX10c/0c -JX0c/10c GMT 1. -R g d -Rg-55/305/-90/ Jx -JX g d -JX10c/6cd 3. -fg 125ºE : gmt set MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0.1i MAP_FRAME_TYPE FANCY FORMAT_GEO_MAP ddd:mm:ssf gmt pscoast -Rg-55/305/-90/90 -Jx0.014i -Bagf -BWSen -Dc -A1000 -Glightbrown - Wthinnest \ -P -Slightblue > GMT_linear_d.ps GMT

201 60 N 0 60 S 0 60 E 120 E W 60 W 9.3: -Jx -JX T t -R -J -R -R -J GMT -JX gmt set FORMAT_DATE_MAP o TIME_WEEK_START Sunday FORMAT_CLOCK_MAP=-hham \ FORMAT_TIME_PRIMARY_MAP full gmt psbasemap -R T/ T/T07:0/T15:0 -JX4i/-2i -Bxa1Kf1kg1d \ -Bya1Hg1h -BWsNe+glightyellow -P > GMT_linear_cal.ps 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm Monday Tuesday WednesdayThursday Friday 9.4: log 10 u = a log 10 (u) + b l X Y :

202 gmt psxy -R1/100/0/10 -Jx1.5il/0.15i -Bx2g3 -Bya2f1g2 -BWSne+gbisque \ -Wthick,blue,- -P -K -h sqrt.d > GMT_log.ps gmt psxy -R -J -Ss0.1i -N -Gred -W -O -h sqrt.d10 >> GMT_log.ps : X Y X Y l -JX10cl/6cl u = au b + c x p vs y q p=0.5 q=1 x x p<exp> <exp> : gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -Jx0.3ip0.5/0.15i -Bxa1p -Bya2f1 -BWSne+givory \ -Wthick -P -K sqrt.d > GMT_pow.ps gmt psxy -R -J -Sc0.075i -Ggreen -W -O sqrt.d10 >> GMT_pow.ps :

203 9.2 -Jp : θ, r θ r x = f(θ, r) y = g(θ, r) X Y θ θ 0 x = f(θ, r) = ar cos(θ θ 0 ) + b y = g(θ, r) = ar sin(θ θ 0 ) + c 2. θ θ 0 x = f(θ, r) = ar cos(90 (θ θ 0 )) + b y = g(θ, r) = ar sin(90 (θ θ 0 )) + c -Jp<scale> -JP<width> p P a /<theta_0> 0 r z to annotate depths rather than radius.

204 grdmath z(θ, r) = r 2 cos 4θ grdcontour : gmt grdmath -R0/360/2/4 -I6/0.1 X 4 MUL PI MUL 180 DIV COS Y 2 POW MUL = tt.nc gmt grdcontour tt.nc -JP3i -B30 -BNs+ghoneydew -P -C2 -S4 --FORMAT_GEO_MAP=+ddd > GMT_ polar.ps 9.3 -Ja Lambert : Lambert : -JA<lon>/<lat>/[<distance>/]<width> -Ja<lon>/<lat>/[<distance>/]<scale> <lon>/<lat> <distance> <width> <scale> 1:xxxx <radius>/<latitude> <radius> <latitude> ºE/40ºS 60ºE/10ºS : gmt set FORMAT_GEO_MAP ddd:mm:ssf MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0 gmt pscoast -R0/-40/60/-10r -JA30/-30/4.5i -Bag -Dl -A500 -Gp300/10 \ -Wthinnest -P > GMT_lambert_az_rect.ps :

205 15 S 30 S 0 15 E 15 E 30 E 30 E 45 E 45 E 60 E 60 E 15 S 30 S 9.8: Lambert gmt pscoast -Rg -JA280/30/3.5i -Bg -Dc -A1000 -Gnavy -P > GMT_lambert_az_hemi.ps Schmidt Wulff Schmidt Lambert 0/0 Wulff 9.4 -Jb Albers Albers 1805 : -JB<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<width> -Jb<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<scale> <lon> <lat>

206 9.9: Lambert SCHMIDT WULFF 9.10: Schmidt Wulff

207 <lat1> <lat2> 125ºE/20ºN : gmt set MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0 gmt pscoast -R110/140/20/35 -JB125/20/25/45/5i -Bag -Dl -Ggreen -Wthinnest \ -A250 -P > GMT_albers.ps : Albers 9.5 -Jc Cassini César-François Cassini de Thury 1745 Cassini-Soldner 90 : -JC<lon>/<lat>/<width> -JC<lon>/<lat>/<scale> <lon>/<lat> :

208 gmt pscoast -R7:30/38:30/10:30/41:30r -JC8.75/40/2.5i -Bafg -LjBR+c40+w100+f+o0.15i/0. 2i \ -Gspringgreen -Dh -Sazure -Wthinnest -Ia/thinner -P --FONT_LABEL=12p > GMT_ cassini.ps : Cassini Sardinia 9.6 -Jcyl_stere : -JCyl_stere/[<lon>[/<lat>]]/<width> -Jcyl_stere/[<lon>[/<lat>]]/<scale>

209 <lon> <lat> Miller s modified Gall º Kamenetskiy s First 55º Gall s stereographic 45º Bolshoi Sovietskii Atlas Mira or Kamenetskiy s Second 30º Braun s cylindrical 0º : gmt set FORMAT_GEO_MAP ddda gmt pscoast -R-180/180/-60/80 -JCyl_stere/0/45/4.5i -Bxa60f30g30 -Bya30g30 -Dc -A5000 \ -Wblack -Gseashell4 -Santiquewhite1 -P > GMT_gall_stereo.ps : Gall 9.7 -Jd Claudius Ptolemy 150

210 : -JD<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<width> -Jd<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<scale> <lon>/<lat> <lat1>/<lat2> : gmt set FORMAT_GEO_MAP ddd:mm:ssf MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0.05i gmt pscoast -R-88/-70/18/24 -JD-79/21/19/23/4.5i -Bag -Di -N1/thick,red \ -Glightgreen -Wthinnest -P > GMT_equidistant_conic.ps 85 W 80 W 75 W 70 W 20 N 20 N 85 W 80 W 75 W 70 W 9.14: 9.8 -Je : -JE<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<width> -Je<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<scale> <lon>/<lat> <distance> 180

211 <scale> 1:xxxx <radius>/<latitude> <latitude> <radius> 100ºW/40ºN 180 : gmt pscoast -Rg -JE-100/40/4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Glightgray -Wthinnest -P > GMT_az_ equidistant.ps 9.15: 9.9 -Jf : -JF<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<width> -Jf<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<scale> <lon>/<lat>

212 <distance> 60 <scale> 1:xxxx <radius>/<latitude> <radius> <latitude> : gmt pscoast -Rg -JF-120/35/60/4.5i -B30g15 -Dc -A Gtan -Scyan -Wthinnest \ -P > GMT_gnomonic.ps : Jg Lambert :

213 -JG<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<width> -Jg<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<scale> <lon>/<lat> <distance> 90 <scale> 1:xxxx <radius>/<latitude> <radius> <latitude> : gmt pscoast -Rg -JG-75/41/4.5i -Bg -Dc -A5000 -Gpink -Sthistle -P > GMT_orthographic. ps 9.17: -Jg : -JG<lon>/<lat>/<alt>/<az>/<tilt>/<twist>/<width>/<height> <lon>/<lat> <alt> km 10

214 r km <az> 90 <tilt> <twist> 180 This is the boresight rotation (clockwise) of the image. The twist of 180º in the example mimics the fact that the Space Shuttle flies upside down. <width>/<height> 60 This number depends on whether you are looking with the naked eye (in which case you view is about 60º wide), or with binoculars, for example. <scale> as 1:xxxxx or as radius/latitude where radius is distance on map in inches from projection center to a particular oblique latitude : gmt pscoast -Rg -JG4/52/230/90/60/180/60/60/5i -Bx2g2 -By1g1 -Ia -Di -Glightbrown \ ps -Wthinnest -P -Slightblue --MAP_ANNOT_MIN_SPACING=0.25i > GMT_perspective : Jh Hammer

215 Hammer Ernst von Hammer 1892 Hammer-Aitoff Aitoff : -JH[<lon>/]<width> -Jh[<lon>/]<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -Rg -JH4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Gblack -Scornsilk -P > GMT_hammer.ps 9.19: Hammer Ji Mercator : -JI[<lon>/]<width> -Ji[<lon>/]<scale> <lon>

216 : gmt pscoast -Rd -JI4.5i -Bxg30 -Byg15 -Dc -A Ggray -P > GMT_sinusoidal.ps 9.20: ºW 20ºW 60ºE pscoast /360 = ( and ): gmt pscoast -R200/340/-90/90 -Ji0.014i -Bxg30 -Byg15 -A Dc -Gblack -K -P > GMT_ sinus_int.ps gmt pscoast -R-20/60/-90/90 -Ji0.014i -Bxg30 -Byg15 -Dc -A Gblack -X1.96i -O -K >> GMT_sinus_int.ps gmt pscoast -R60/200/-90/90 -Ji0.014i -Bxg30 -Byg15 -Dc -A Gblack -X1.12i -O >> GMT_sinus_int.ps Jj Miller Osborn Maitland Miller 1942 Mercator Mercator :

217 9.21: -JJ<lon>/<width> -Jj<lon>/<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -R-90/270/-80/90 -Jj1: Bx45g45 -By30g30 -Dc -A10000 \ -Gkhaki -Wthinnest -P -Sazure > GMT_miller.ps : Miller

218 9.14 -Jk Eckert Eckert IV VI Max Eckert-Greiffendorff 1906 IV VI 40º30 IV 49º16 VI -JKf f four Eckert IV -JKs s six Eckert VI f s Eckert VI : -JK[f s][<lon>/]<width> -Jk[f s][<lon>/]<scale> <lon> Eckert IV : gmt pscoast -Rg -JKf4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Wthinnest -Givory -Sbisque3 -P > GMT_ eckert4.ps 9.23: Eckert IV Eckert VI : gmt pscoast -Rg -JKs4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Wthinnest -Givory -Sbisque3 -P > GMT_ eckert4.ps

219 9.24: Eckert VI Jl Lambert Heinrich Lambert 1772 Albers Lambert Albers : -JB<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<width> -Jb<lon>/<lat>/<lat1>/<lat2>/<scale> <lon> <lat> <lat1> <lat2> Lambert 33ºN 45ºN : gmt set MAP_FRAME_TYPE FANCY FORMAT_GEO_MAP ddd:mm:ssf MAP_GRID_CROSS_SIZE_PRIMARY 0. 05i gmt pscoast -R-130/-70/24/52 -Jl-100/35/33/45/1: Bag -Dl -N1/thick,red \ -N2/thinner -A500 -Gtan -Wthinnest,white -Sblue -P > GMT_lambert_conic.ps

220 120 W 105 W 90 W 75 W 45 N 45 N 30 N 30 N 120 W 105 W 90 W 75 W 9.25: Lambert Jm Mercator rhumb loxodrome Mercator Mercator Mercator Mercator : -JM[<lon>[/<lat>]/]<width> -Jm[<lon>[/<lat>]/]<scale> : <lon> <lat> gmt set MAP_FRAME_TYPE fancy gmt pscoast -R0/360/-70/70 -Jm1.2e-2i -Bxa60f15 -Bya30f15 -Dc -A5000 -Gred \ -P > GMT_mercator.ps

221 : Mercator Jn Robinson Arthur H. Robinson : -JN[<lon>/]<width> -Jn[<lon>/]<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -Rd -JN4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Ggoldenrod -Ssnow2 -P > GMT_robinson.ps Jo Mercator Mercator :

222 9.27: Robinson -JO[a A]<lon>/<lat>/<azi>/<width> -Jo[a A]<lon>/<lat>/<azi>/<scale> -JO[b B]<lon>/<lat>/<lon2>/<lat2>/<width> -Jo[b B]<lon>/<lat>/<lon2>/<lat2>/<scale> -JO[c C]<lon>/<lat>/<lonp>/<latp>/<width> -Jo[c C]<lon>/<lat>/<lonp>/<latp>/<scale> <lon>/<lat> <azi> <lon2>/<lat2> <lonp>/<latp> A B C : gmt pscoast -R270/20/305/25r -JOc280/25.5/22/69/4.8i -Bag -Di -A250 -Gburlywood \ -Wthinnest -P -TdjTR+w0.4i+f2+l+o0.15i -Sazure --FONT_TITLE=8p \ --MAP_TITLE_OFFSET=0.05i > GMT_obl_merc.ps -Rk-1000/1000/-500/500

223 N E 30 W S : -Joc Mercator 165 E 170 E E y 35 S N y 50 S 50 S N x 35 S x 175 E E 165 E 9.29: -JOa Mercator ( ) -JOa173:17:02E/41:16:15S/35/3i ( ) -JOA173:17:02E/41:16:15S/215/3i

224 9.19 -Jpoly 0 : gmt pscoast -R-180/-20/0/90 -JPoly/4i -Bx30g10 -By10g10 -Dc -A1000 -Glightgray \ -Wthinnest -P > GMT_polyconic.ps : Jq Plate Carrée : -JQ[<lon>/[<lat>]/]<width> -Jq[<lon>/[<lat>]/]<scale> <lon>

225 <lat> : gmt pscoast -Rg -JQ4.5i -B60f30g30 -Dc -A5000 -Gtan4 -Slightcyan -P > GMT_equi_cyl.ps : Plate Carrée Grafarend and Niermann, minimum linear distortion 61.7º Ronald Miller Equirectangular 50.5º Ronald Miller, minimum continental distortion 43.5º Grafarend and Niermann 42º Ronald Miller, minimum overall distortion 37.5º Plate Carrée, Simple Cylindrical, Plain/Plane 0º Jr Winkel Tripel Oswald Winkel Aitoff 0.4 :

226 -JR[<lon>/]<width> -Jr[<lon>/]<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -Rd -JR4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Gburlywood4 -Swheat1 -P > GMT_winkel.ps 9.32: Winkel Tripel Js : -JS<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<width> -Js<lon>/<lat>[/<distance>]/<scale> <lon>/<lat> <distance> 90 <scale> 1:xxxx <radius>/<latitude> <radius> <latitude> <slat>/1:xxxx <slat>

227 : gmt pscoast -R-30/30/60/72 -Js0/90/4.5i/60 -B10g -Dl -A250 -Groyalblue \ -Sseashell -P > GMT_stereographic_polar.ps : Lambert : gmt set MAP_ANNOT_OBLIQUE 30 gmt pscoast -R-25/59/70/72r -JS10/90/11c -B20g -Dl -A250 -Gdarkbrown -Wthinnest \ -Slightgray -P > GMT_stereographic_rect.ps : gmt set MAP_ANNOT_OBLIQUE 0 gmt pscoast -R100/-42/160/-8r -JS130/-30/4i -Bag -Dl -A500 -Ggreen -Slightblue \ -Wthinnest -P > GMT_stereographic_general.ps

228 : :

229 9.23 -Jt Mercator Lambert : -JT<lon>[/<lat>]/<width> -Jt<lon>[/<lat>]/<scale> <lon> <lat> 1 PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR : gmt pscoast -R20/30/50/45r -Jt35/0.18i -Bag -Dl -A250 -Glightbrown -Wthinnest \ -P -Sseashell > GMT_transverse_merc.ps : Mercator : gmt pscoast -R0/360/-80/80 -JT330/-45/3.5i -Ba30g -BWSne -Dc -A2000 \ -Slightblue -G0 -P > GMT_TM.ps

230 : Mercator

231 9.24 -Ju Mercator(UTM) Mercator(UTM) Mercator W 60 W 0 60 E 120 E N Y Z 84 N X 31X 33X 35X 37X 72 N W 64 N V 56 N U 48 N T 40 N S 32 N R 24 N Q 16 N P 8 N N 0 M 8 S L 16 S K 24 S J 32 S H 40 S G 48 S F 56 S E 64 S D 72 S C 80 S A B 90 S : 9.38: Mercator -JU<zone>/<width> -Ju<zone>/<scale> <zone> 1 60 A B Y Z C H J N PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR UTM 10

232 9.25 -Jv Van der Grinten Alphons J. van der Grinten 1904 : -JV<lon>/<width> -Jv<lon>/<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -Rg -JV4i -Bxg30 -Byg15 -Dc -Glightgray -A Wthinnest -P > GMT_ grinten.ps 9.39: Van der Grinten

233 9.26 -Jw Mollweide Karl Brandan Mollweide : -JW[<lon>/]<width> -Jw[<lon>/]<scale> <lon> : gmt pscoast -Rd -JW4.5i -Bg -Dc -A Gtomato1 -Sskyblue -P > GMT_mollweide.ps 9.40: Mollweide Jy :

234 -JY<lon>/<lat>/<width> -Jy<lon>/<lat>/<scale> <lon> <lat> Balthasart 50º Gall-Peters 45º Hobo-Dyer 37º30 (= 37.5º) Trystan Edwards 37º24 (= 37.4º) Caster 37º04 (= º) Behrman 30º Lambert 0º : gmt pscoast -R-145/215/-90/90 -JY35/30/4.5i -B45g45 -Dc -A Sdodgerblue \ -Wthinnest -P > GMT_general_cyl.ps : Behrman

235 GMT 10.1 GMT GMT UNIX Windows bat Linux Bash Perl Python Bash #!/bin/bash gmt psxy... gmt pscoast... gmt grdimage... gmt psxy Windows Bash Linux Linux Bat Windows Windows GBK Linux UTF8 Windows \r\n Linux \n 235

236 10.3 -J -R xxx.ps 1. #!/bin/bash J=M6i R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=60 By=30 PS=map.ps gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K > $PS gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -Gred -O >> $PS << EOF EOF 2. #!/bin/bash J=-JM6i R=-R0/360/-60/60 B=-Bx60 -By30 PS=map.ps gmt pscoast $J $R $B -W1p -A1000 -K > $PS gmt psxy -J -R -Sa0.5c -Gred -O >> $PS << EOF EOF

237 10.4 GMT -JM10c -R0/360/-60/60 -J -R 1. GMT -J -R 2. GMT gmt. history gmt.history #!/bin/bash J=M6i R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K > $PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -Sa0.5c -Gred -O >> $PS << EOF EOF 10.5 PS PS pscoast grdimage grdimage pscoast -K -O

238 #!/bin/bash J=M6i R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps # PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K > $PS # gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K -O >> $PS # PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O >> $PS PS -K -O >> 10.6 GMT : gmt -J -R -B... -X -Y -K -O >> PSfile J -R 3. -K -O > > 4. -X -Y -K -O 5....

239 10.7 SI GMT SI US SI GMT US GMT US US -X1i -X2.5c SI SI 10.8 GMT JM10 GMT c i conf gmt.conf GMT gmtset gmt.conf #!/bin/bash # gmtset gmt gmtset MAP_FRAME_TYPE plain # gmt psxy... gmt pscoast... gmt psxy... # rm gmt.*

240 rm gmt.* gmt.history gmt.conf gmt.conf $HOME gmtset $HOME gmt.conf GMT 1. $HOME GMT 2. GMT 3. gmtset gmt.conf P -P -P -P 1. PS #!/bin/bash J=M20c R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K -P > $PS gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K -O >> $PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* 2. PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION -P

241 #!/bin/bash J=M20c R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps gmt set PS_PAGE_ORIENTATION portrait gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K > $PS gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K -O >> $PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* B -B -B -X -Y -B -B verbose GMT verbose 1. -V -V 2. Verbose #!/bin/bash J=M20c R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps V=-V # #V= # gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K -P $V > $PS

242 gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K -O $V >> $PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O $V >> $PS rm gmt.* 3. #!/bin/bash J=M20c R=0/360/-60/60 Bx=x60 By=y30 PS=map.ps gmt gmtset GMT_VERBOSE TRUE gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -K > $PS gmt pscoast -J$J -R$R -B$Bx -B$By -W1p -A1000 -K -O >> $PS gmt psxy -J$J -R$R -T -O >> $PS rm gmt.* X -Y 1. -X -Y 2. -Xc -Yc 3. -Xa1c -Ya1c GMT netcdf.nc 1. GMT

243 2. GMT.grd.grd

244 API GMT C/Fortran Matlab Julia Python 11.1 GMT C API GMT C/Fortran API GMT API postscriptlight C/Fortran API GMT API GMT API postscriptlight 11.2 GMT Matlab API GMT Matlab Matlab GMT GMT Matlab GMT grid table CPT Matlab Matlab GMT GMT/MATLAB : Wessel, P., and J. F. Luis The GMT/MATLAB Toolbox, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18(2), , doi: /2016gc

245 Windows GMT5.3 GMT C:\programs\gmt5\bin gmt.m gmtmex.mexw64 32 Windows GMT path GMT GMT Matlab Matlab GMT 11.1: Matlab PATH Matlab gmt GMT macos macos GMT Matlab Matlab GMT MathWorks 1. macos GMT 2. share/tools gmt_prepmex.sh GMT /opt/gmt

246 3. gmtswitch GMT /opt/gmt GMT 4. svn gmt-mex : svn checkout svn://gmtserver.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt-mex gmt-mex 5. get-mex gmtmex.mexmaci64 cd gmt-mex/trunk/ autoconf./configure --enable-matlab make 6. gmt.m gmtmex.mexmaci64 MTATLAB 7. gmt.conf GMT_CUSTOM_LIBS=/opt/gmt/lib/gmt/plugins/ supplements.so 2015a 2015b MATLAB MATLAB Unix/Linux GMT matlab m IDE : = gmt('<module> <module-options>', ) Matlab Matlab GMT : gmt('destroy') matlab pscoast :

247 gmt('pscoast -Rg -JA280/30/3.5i -Bg -Dc -A1000 -Gnavy -P > GMT_lambert_az_hemi.ps') Matlab ps Matlab Matlab : % lines = {'5 6 Some label', '6 7 Another label'}; % gmt('pstext -R0/10/0/10 -JX6i -Bafg -F+f18p -P > text.ps ', lines); gmt('destroy'); lines pstext % 100*3 xyz 0~150 t= rand(100,3)*150 % GMT surface t G G = gmt('surface -R0/150/0/150 -I1', t ); % grd2cpt cpt cpt = gmt('grd2cpt -Cjet', G); % grdimage gmt('grdimage -JX8c -Ba -P -C -G > crap_img.ps', G, cpt); gmt('destroy'); grdimage cpt G G cpt

248 x = linspace(-pi, pi)'; % x seno = sin(x); % y xyz = [x seno seno]; % xyz y=z cpt = gmt('makecpt -T-1/1/0.1'); % rainbow % z cpt xyz gmt('psxy -R-3.2/3.2/-1.1/1.1 -JX12c -Sc0.1c -C -P -Ba > seno.ps', xyz, cpt); gmt('destroy'); psxy -C cpt xyz GMT gmt('destroy') gmt module GMT4 GMT5 %s Matlab proj4 wkt range inc registration nodata title comment command datatype x y z x_units y_units z_units layout % Proj4 ( ) % WKT ( ) % 1x6, [x_min x_max y_min y_max z_min z_max] % 1x2, [x_inc y_inc] % : 0 -> Grid registration; 1 -> Pixel registration % % ( ) % Remark ( ) % ( ) % 'float' 'double' % [1 x n_columns], X % [1 x n_rows], Y % [n_rows x n_columns] % X ( ) % Y ( ) % Z ( ) % image memory layout

249 proj4 wkt range inc registration nodata title comment command datatype x y image x_units y_units z_units colormap alpha layout % Proj4 ( ) % WKT ( ) % 1x6, [x_min x_max y_min y_max z_min z_max] % 1x2, [x_inc y_inc] % : 0 -> Grid registration; 1 -> Pixel registration ( ) % % ( ) % Remark ( ) % ( ) % 'uint8' 'int8' % [1 x n_columns], X % [1 x n_rows], Y % [n_rows x n_columns] % X ( ) % Y ( ) % Z ( ) % CPT % [n_rows x n_columns] alpha % image memory layout CPT colormap % [ncolors x 3] [0-1] alpha % [ncolors x 1] [0-1] ( ) range % [ncolors x 2] z_low z_high minmax % [z_min z_max] bnf % [3 x 3] [0-1] NaN depth % CPT (1, 8, 24) hinge % hinge cpt model % RGB CMYK comment % remark ( ) PostScript postscript length mode comment % PostScript % % 1 2 3

250 11.3 GMT Julia API Julia Matlab Python GMT Julia Julia Julia GMT GMT Julia : GMT julia joa-quim/gmt.jl Julia Julia Julia GMT Julia Julia GMT : $ julia (_)_ A fresh approach to technical computing (_) (_) (_) Documentation: _ _ Type "?help" for help. / _` _ (_ Version ( :14 UTC) _/ \ '_ _ _ \ '_ Official release / x86_64-pc-linux-gnu julia> Pkg.add("GMT") INFO: Initializing package repository /home/seisman/.julia/v0.5 INFO: Cloning METADATA from INFO: Cloning cache of Compat from INFO: Cloning cache of GMT from INFO: Installing Compat v INFO: Installing GMT v0.0.3 INFO: Package database updated julia> using GMT INFO: Precompiling module Compat.

251 Julia GMT GMT GMT Julia using GMT =gmt("<module> <options>", ) gmt("destroy") 1. using GMT Julia GMT Julia gmt() GMT 2. GMT using GMT Julia GMT 3. gmt() GMT GMT 4. gmt("destroy") using GMT gmt("pscoast -Rg -JA280/30/3.5i -Bg -Dc -A1000 -Gnavy -P > GMT_lambert_az_hemi.ps") Julia : gmt pscoast -Rg -JA280/30/3.5i -Bg -Dc -A1000 -Gnavy -P > GMT_lambert_az_hemi.ps : Julia Julia GMT : echo 'push!(libdl.dl_load_path, "/opt/gmt-5.4.1/lib64")' >> ~/.juliarc.jl GMT Julia

252 GMT GMT surface : gmt surface input.txt -Goutput.grd -R0/150/0/150 -I1 grdimage -Goutput.grd -JX8c -Ba -P -Cblue,red > crap_img.ps Julia surface using GMT t = rand(100,3) * 150; G = gmt("surface -R0/150/0/150 -I1", t); gmt("grdimage -JX8c -Ba -P -Cblue,red > crap_img.ps", G) 100x3 t gmt() t surface input.txt surface -Goutput.grd G grdimage G -G gmt("grdimage -JX8c -Ba -P -Cblue,red -G > crap_img.ps", G) GMT GMT CPT -C<cpt> using GMT t = rand(100,3) * 150; G = gmt("surface -R0/150/0/150 -I1", t); cpt = gmt("grd2cpt -Cblue,red", G); gmt("grdimage -JX8c -Ba -P -C -G > crap_img.ps", G, cpt) : gmt grdimage -JX8c -Ba -P -Cbluered.cpt -Goutput.grd > crap_img.ps Julia CPT G cpt

253 using GMT x = linspace(-pi, pi); # The *xx* var seno = sin(x); # *yy* xyz = [x seno seno]; # Duplicate *yy* so that it can be colored cpt = gmt("makecpt -T-1/1/0.1"); # Create a CPT gmt("psxy -R-3.2/3.2/-1.1/1.1 -JX12c -Sc0.1c -C -P -Ba > seno.ps", xyz, cpt) xyz, cpt cpt, xyz using GMT lines = Any["5 6 Some label", "6 7 Another label"]; gmt("pstext -R0/10/0/10 -JM6i -Bafg -F+f18p -P > text.ps", lines) Julia : gmt("destroy") GMT GMT Julia Julia Julia Julia ~/.julia/v0.5/gmt/test/gallery.jl Julia Julia ~/.julia/v0.5/gmt/test/gallery.jl 7 : global g_root_dir = "/opt/gmt-5.4.1/share/" global out_path = "" using GMT include("/home/seisman/.julia/v0.5/gmt/test/gallery.jl") gallery("ex01")

254 gmt() CPT Julia Julia GMTJL_GRID : type GMTJL_GRID # The type holding a local header and data of a GMT grid proj4::string # Projection string in PROJ4 syntax (Optional) wkt::string # Projection string in WKT syntax (Optional) range::array{float64,1} # 1x6 vector with [x_min x_max y_min y_max z_min z_max] inc::array{float64,1} # 1x2 vector with [x_inc y_inc] registration::int # Registration type: 0 -> Grid registration; 1 -> Pixel registration nodata::float64 # The value of nodata title::string # Title (Optional) comment::string # Remark (Optional) command::string # Command used to create the grid (Optional) datatype::string # 'float' or 'double' x::array{float64,1} # [1 x n_columns] vector with XX coordinates y::array{float64,1} # [1 x n_rows] vector with YY coordinates z::array{float32,2} # [n_rows x n_columns] grid array x_units::string # Units of XX axis (Optional) y_units::string # Units of YY axis (Optional) z_units::string # Units of ZZ axis (Optional) layout::string # A three character string describing the grid memory layout end GMTimage : type GMTimage image proj4::string wkt::string range::array{float64,1} inc::array{float64,1} registration::int registration nodata::float64 title::string comment::string command::string datatype::string # The type holding a local header and data of a GMT # Projection string in PROJ4 syntax (Optional) # Projection string in WKT syntax (Optional) # 1x6 vector with [x_min x_max y_min y_max z_min z_max] # 1x2 vector with [x_inc y_inc] # Registration type: 0 -> Grid registration; 1 -> Pixel # The value of nodata # Title (Optional) # Remark (Optional) # Command used to create the image (Optional) # 'uint8' or 'int8' (needs checking)

255 x::array{float64,1} # [1 x n_columns] vector with XX coordinates y::array{float64,1} # [1 x n_rows] vector with YY coordinates image::array{uint8,3} # [n_rows x n_columns x n_bands] image array x_units::string # Units of XX axis (Optional) y_units::string # Units of YY axis (Optional) z_units::string # Units of ZZ axis (Optional) ==> MAKES NO SENSE colormap::array{clong,1} # alpha::array{uint8,2} # A [n_rows x n_columns] alpha array layout::string # A four character string describing the image memory layout end DATASET GMTdataset : type GMTdataset header::string data::array{float64,2} text::array{any,1} comment::array{any,1} proj4::string wkt::string end CPT GMTcpt : type GMTcpt colormap::array{float64,2} alpha::array{float64,1} range::array{float64,2} minmax::array{float64,1} bfn::array{float64,2} depth::cint hinge::cdouble cpt::array{float64,2} model::string comment::array{any,1} # Cell array with any comments end PS GMTps : type GMTps postscript::string length::int mode::int # Actual PS plot (text string) # Byte length of postscript # 1 = Has header, 2 = Has trailer, 3 = Has both

256 end comment::array{any,1} # Cell array with any comments 11.4 GMT Python API GMT Python : gmt-python

257 12.1 GMT Flat Earth A B Flat Earth [ θa d f = R (θ A θ B ) 2 + θ B + cos 2 ] λ 2 R PROJ_MEAN_RADIUS θ λ = λ A λ B - - Flat Earth -S-50M 50 Flat Earth R A B Haversine d g = 2R sin 1 sin 2 θ A θ B 2 + cos θ A cos θ B sin 2 λ A λ B 2 GMT -S5000f 5000 : GMT 257

258 PROJ_MEAN_RADIUS PROJ_AUX_LATITUDE Vincenty (1975) S+20k 20 Vincenty PROJ_GEODESIC Rudoe GMT4 Andoyer GMT FLAT Earth 40k -40k FLAT Earth +40k J -R -R -J GMT -R -J -JX -JX10c/5c -R0/10/0/20 X cm X 1 Y cm Y 4 (0,0) (0c,0c) (10,0) (10c,0c) (0,20) (0c,5c) (10,20) (10c,5c) (5,5) (5c,1.25c)

259 (, ) (x,y) GMT -J XY -R $GMT_SHAREDIR GMT share GMT ${GMTHOME}/share $GMT_DATADIR GMT $GMT_DATADIR Linux Windows Linux / $GMT_USERDIR gmt.conf CPT gmt.io $GMT_USERDIR ${HOME}/.gmt $GMT_TMPDIR GMT gmt.history gmt.conf 12.4

260 : GMT bash GMT bash GMT Tab 1. bash-completion Ubuntu/Debian : sudo apt-get install bash-completion CentOS/Fedora : sudo yum install bash-completion 2. ~/.bashrc # Use bash-completion, if available if [ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion fi. ${ GMTHOME}/share/tools/gmt_completion.bash 3. source ~/.bashrc 4. : $ gmt ps[tab][tab] psbasemap psconvert pslegend psrose pssegyz pswiggle psclip pscoupe psmask pssac pssolar psxy pscoast pshistogram psmeca psscale pstext psxyz pscontour psimage pspolar pssegy psvelo # $ gmt psxy -[Tab] -^ -? -A -B -C -E -g -h -I -K -N -p -R -S -T -V -X -: -a -b -c -D -f -G -i -J -L -O -P -s -t -U -W -Y

261 12.5 GMT 35 $GMTHOME/share/postscriptlight/PSL_custom_fonts.txt PSL_custom_fonts.txt PS p 0 1 GMT : LinBiolinumO LinLibertineOB gmt pstext -L GMT 1. PostScript Name PS PS gs gs -sfontpath=dirname $GS_FONTPATH 4. psconvert PS -C-sFONTPATH=dirname gs 12.6 GMT gmt.conf gmt.history gmt.conf gmt.history GMT : ps=gmt_isolation.ps # # XXXXXX

262 export GMT_TMPDIR=`mktemp -d /tmp/gmt.xxxxxx` # gmt.conf $GMT_TMPDIR gmt gmtset COLOR_MODEL rgb FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY 14p # $GMT_TMPDIR gmt grdmath -Rd -I1 Y = $GMT_TMPDIR/lat.nc gmt makecpt -Crainbow -T-90/90/180 -Z > $GMT_TMPDIR/lat.cpt # gmt.history $GMT_TMPDIR gmt grdimage $GMT_TMPDIR/lat.nc -JK6.5i -C$GMT_TMPDIR/lat.cpt -P -K -nl > $ps gmt pscoast -R -J -O -Dc -A5000 -Gwhite -Bx60g30 -By30g30 >> $ps # rm -rf $GMT_TMPDIR GMT_TMPDIR gmt.conf gmt.history GMT gmt_shell_functions.sh shell 12.7 GMT GMT GMT GMT svn svn GMT : svn checkout svn://gmtserver.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt5/trunk gmt5-dev svn update GMT : svn checkout svn://gmtserver.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt5/ gmt5-dev-full Git git svn :

263 git svn clone svn://gmtserver.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt5/trunk gmt5-dev git svn rebase 12.8 GMT GMT PS GMT GMT 1. / plot_0001.ps PS GMT psconvert 6. ImageMagick convert gif avi 7. #!/bin/bash PS=plot.ps # gmt cmd1... -K > $PS gmt cmd2... -K -O >> $PS # i MAX for ((i=0; i<max; i++)) do # plot_xxxx.ps

264 file = `echo $i awk '{printf "plot_%04d.ps", $1}'` # # file cp $PS $file # file gmt cmd3... -K -O >> $file gmt cmd4... -K -O >> $file gmt cmd5... -O >> $file # PS gmt psconvert -A -P $file done # convert GIF convert *.jpg plot.gif # rm *.ps *.jpg 12.9 GMT : gmt psbasemap -JX10c/10c -R0/10/0/10 -B1 -K > text.ps gmt psxy station.dat -J -R -O >> text.ps GMT gmt.history -JX10c/10c -R0/10/0/10 : # GMT 5 Session common arguments shelf BEGIN GMT B 1 J X JX X10c/10c R 0/10/0/10 L 1 END -J -R gmt.history

265 gmt.history GMT GMT gmt. history : GMT $GMT_SHAREDIR GMT share GMT $GMT_DATADIR DIR_DATA Windows / Windows DIR_DATA $GMT_CACHEDIR DIR_CACHE GMT GMT $GMT_USERDIR gmt.conf CPT $HOME/.gmt $GMT_TMPDIR gmt.history gmt.conf DIR_DCW DCW DIR_GSHHG GMT GMT GMT DIR_DATA 3. GMT DIR_CACHE 4. $GMT_USERDIR

266 5. $GMT_CACHEDIR 6. $GMT_DATADIR GMT grdcontour pscontour GMT psxy psxyz -Sq / GMT GMT 5 grdcontour pscontour -G psxy psxyz -Sq -G -Sq <code><info> <code> <info> <code> d: d<dist>[c i p][/frac] [PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT] <dist> <dist> <frac> d = <dist> * <frac> frac 0.25 D: D<dist>[d m s e f k M n][/<frac>] d d m s e f k M n d f: f<fix.txt>[/<slop>[c i p]] ASCII <fix.txt> <slop> PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT

267 <slope> 0 l: l<line1>[,<line2>[,...]] <start> <stop> <line> 2 pstext [L C R][B M T] <x> <y> LB` ``grdcontour Z+ Z- line LT/RB Z-/135W/15S (135ºW, 15ºS) L: l n: n<number>[/<minlength>[c i p]] <number> <number> <minlength> <minlength> N: N<number>[/<minlength>[c i p]] <number> >= 2 n number=-1 number=+1 x: x<cross.d> ASCII <cross.d> X: ASCII x A +<code>[< >] -Sq : +a: 1. n

268 2. p grdcontour u d 3. <angle> +c: c i m p 15% +d: Debug +d:, +f: pstext FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY +g: PS_PAGE_COLOR +j: CM 2 [L C R][B M T] (+v) +o: (+v) +p: [0.25p,black] +r: 0 +u: <unit> (-) grdcontour z +v: +w: width width 10 +=: +u prefix ( +u += ) +l: +L:

269 +Lh: ( ) -L< > ( > ) +Ld: c i p [PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT] :ref:format_float_out <FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT> +LD: d e f k m M n s d +Lf: ASCII fix.txt 2 (f) +Ln: +LN: +Lx: h cross.d (x X) (geoid) Indian Low New Guinea High : gmt grdcontour geoid.nc -J -O -B20f10 -BWSne -C10 -A20+f8p -Gd1.5i -S10 -T+lLH >> GMT_ contour-anno1.ps Contour label gmt grdcontour geoid.nc -J -O -B20f10 -BWSne -C10 -A20+f8p -Gn1/1i -S10 -T+lLH >> GMT_ contour-anno2.ps

270 L H : -Gd ( 1.5 ) 1 1 Contour label L H : -Gn ( 1 ) gmt grdcontour geoid.nc -J -O -B20f10 -BWSne -C10 -A20+d+f8p -Gffix.txt/0.1i -S10 - T+lLH >> GMT_contour-anno3.ps Contour label 3 -A +d* debug Gl -GL

271 L 80 H : -Gf ( ) gmt grdcontour geoid.nc -J -O -B20f10 -BWSne -C10 -A20+d+f8p -GLZ-/Z+ -S10 -T+lLH >> GMT_contour-anno4.ps (Z-/Z+) 0 L H : -GL ( ) Contour label gmt grdcontour geoid.nc -J -O -B20f10 -BWSne -C10 -A20+d+f8p -GXcross.txt -S10 -T+lLH >> GMT_contour-anno5.ps cross.txt :ref:contour label 5 <Contour_label_5>

272 L H : -GX ( cross.txt ) psxy ETOPO5 (transect.txt) , km gmt psxy -R -J -O -SqD1000k:+g+LD+an+p -Wthick transect.txt >> GMT_contour-anno6.ps : -Sq. Contour label

273 , 2 gmt psxy -R -J -O -SqD15d:+gblack+fwhite+LD+o+u\\260 -Wthick transect.txt >> GMT_ contour-anno7.ps Contour label m 60 m m 40 m 20 m 0 m 20 m 40 m 60 m : km awk transect.txt 1500km gmt psxy -R -J -O -Sqffix2.txt:+g+an+p+Lf+u" m"+f8p -Wthick transect.txt >> GMT_ contour-anno8.ps Contour label m 60 m 3595 m 2836 m 60 m 40 m 6 m 20 m 0 m 20 m 9 m 40 m 4527 m 60 m m :

274 综合实例 最后 采用之前章节中论述的多个标注位置确定方法和属性设置 绘制了一幅比较复杂的综合 性图件 假设在 Canary Islands 发生了灾难性滑坡 图件显示了所引发的的海啸的走时 (以小 时为单位) 根据海啸走时和海底地形绘制了彩图 对等值线和线条进行了标注 完整的脚本如 下 17W 28N CT Canaries 图件如图Contour label 9 所示 Tsunami travel times from the Canaries hour Paris hou 3 ho ur =5 329 km 1 hour 1 hour Yor k 2 h our New r 4 h ou 5 ho ur 6 ho ur 7 ho ur 8 hou r C anar ies to r Distanc e 40 N New York Canaries 20 N 80 W 60 W 40 W 20 W 0 图 12.9: Canary Islands 到大西洋沿岸的海啸走时图 特别是纽约 当发生灾难性滑坡时 纽约 将在 8 小时后遭遇大海啸 自定义符号 在使用 psxy 等命令时 除了使用 GMT 内置的符号外 用户还可以自定义符号 待处理: 尚未完成 欢迎翻译 官方文档见