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2 2 2.1 Linux login Login: < > Password: < > Linux r o o t l o g o u t 2.2 Linux X Window Linux Linux Bourne ( b s h ) C ( c s h ) Korn ( k s h ) Bourne Steven Bourne UNIX Bourne bash Bourne C Bill Joy Bourne C Bourne C C C tcsh C C K o r n Dave Korn Korn C Bourne Bourne Korn Public Domain Korn ( p d k s h ) Korn bash L i n u x Bourne Bourne B a s h bash Tab b a s h b a s h * * bash HISTSIZE home.bash_history history fc b a s h alias unalias

Bourne C Bill Joy Bourne C Bourne C C C tcsh C C K o r n Dave Korn Korn C Bourne Bourne Korn Public Domain

3 2 9 < > bash $ p s 1 b a s h > p s 2 Ctrl+Z b g f g p a s s w d Old password: < > New password: < ( 6 8 ) > Retype new password: < > man man ls rlogin [-1 ] rlogin doc doc rlogin doc -l user user doc telnet telnet IP telnet doc telnet ls [-atflgr] [name]

4 10 Linux name ls ls -a ls -t ls -F ls -l ls -lg ls -R / cd [name] n a m e cd cd dir1 cd ~ user cd.. cd../user cd /../.. cd ~ d i r 1 user cp [-r] cp file1 file2 cp file1 dir1 cp /tmp/file1. cp /tmp/file1 file2 cp -r dir1 dir2 file1 f i l e 2 file1 dir1 f i l e 1 /tmp file1 f i l e 1 /tmp file1 f i l e mv mv file1 file2 mv file1 dir1 mv dir1 dir mkdir f i l e 1 f i l e 2 f i l e 1 dir1 f i l e 1 dir1 d i r 2

cp /tmp/file1 file2 cp -r dir1 dir2 file1 f i l e 2 file1 dir1 f i l e 1 /tmp file1 f i l e 1 /tmp file1 f i l

5 mkdir dir1 d i r 1 rmdir rm rmdir dir1 rm -r dir d i r 1 dir1 d i r 1 rm rm file1 rm file? rm f* file1 file f p w d cat cat file1 file more cat more more file1 cat file1 more file1 file du [-s] du dir1 du -s dir dir1 ( KB ) dir1 rcp [-r] :

11 p w d 2.3.12 cat cat file1 file1 2.3.13 more cat more more file1 cat file1 more file1 file1 2.

6 12 Linux rcp file1 doc:/home/user rcp -r dir1 doc:/home/user 2. rcp [-r] : f i l e 1 doc /home/user d i r 1 doc /home/user rcp doc:/home/user/file1 file2 d i r 1 d o c /home/user d i r 1 rcp -r doc:/home/user/dir1. doc /home/user d i r 1 d i r 1 3. ftp ftp ip ftp doc doc Name (doc:user-name): < > Password (doc:user-password): < > ftp> help ftp>!ls ftp>!pwd ftp> ls ftp> dir ftp> dir. more ftp> pwd ftp> cd dir1 ftp> get file1 ftp> put file2 ftp> mget *.c ftp> mput *.txt ftp> prompt ftp> quit ftp> bye ftp dir1 f i l e 1 f i l e 2 c txt ( mput/mget y e s / n o ) ftp ftp PC FTP

doc:/home/user/dir1. doc /home/user d i r 1 d i r 1 3.

7 2 13 chmod [-R] mode name n a m e : mode: 3 8 r w x r- r e a d ( ) w - w r i t e ( ) x - e x e c u t e ( ) u - u s e r ( ) g - g r o u p o - o t h e r chmod 755 dir1 chmod 700 file1 chmod u+x file2 chmod g+x file3 chmod o-r file chown [-R] name d i r 1 f i l e 1 f i l e 2 f i l e 3 f i l e 4 n a m e chown user file1 chown -R user dir1 g r o u p s file1 user d i r 1 user chgrp [-R] name n a m e chgrp vlsi file1 chgrp -R image dir1 file1 vlsi d i r 1 image touch name n a m e ln ln file1 file2 f i l e 2 f i l e 1 ln -s ln -s file3 file4 file4 f i l e 3

8 14 Linux grep abc file1 grep string file f i l e 1 abc whereis command which command whatis command find search-path -name filename -print find / -name file1 -print file d i ff [-r] name1 name2 name1 name2 d i ff file1 file2 d i ff -r dir1 dir file1 file2 dir1 dir2.login setenv PRINTER setenv PRINTER sp sp lpr [-P ] lpr file1 lpr -Psp file1 enscript [-P ] enscript file3 enscript -Psp file troff s p f i l e 1 p t r o ff [-P ] [-man][-ms] ptroff -Psp -man /usr/man/man1/lpr s p f i l e 3 troff sp lpr1

login setenv PRINTER setenv PRINTER sp sp 2.3.25 lpr [-P ] lpr file1 lpr -Psp file1 enscript [-P ] enscript file3 enscript -Psp file3 2.3.26 troff s p f i l e 1 p t r o ff [-P ] [-man][-ms] ptroff -Psp -man /usr/man/man1/lpr1 2.

9 lpq [-P ] lpq lpq -Psp sp 2 ( ) lprm [-P ] lprm user lprm -Psp user lprm -Psp 456 s p user u s e r sp ps [-aux] p s ps -x ps -au ps -aux 2. kill [-9] PID P I D ps kill 456 kill & cc file1.c & file1.c C o n t r o l + Z b g cc file2.c ^ Z S t o p p e d b g 4. j o b s 5. kill %n n j o b s kill % kill %2

456 s p user u s e r sp 456 1 ps [-aux] p s ps -x ps -au ps -aux 2.

10 16 Linux set echo $ 2. set var = value set term=vt unset var unset PRINTER t e r m VT100 PRINTER 1. s e t e n v echo $NAME echo $PRINTER 2. setenv NAME word setenv PRINTER sp 3. unsetenv NAME unsetenv PRINTER N A M E PRINTER PRINTER s p P R I N T E R 1. a l i a s alias name name alias dir dir ls -atl 2. alias name command line alias dir ls -l ls - l d i r 3.

unsetenv NAME unsetenv PRINTER 2.3.31 N A M E PRINTER PRINTER s p P R I N T E R 1.

11 unalias dir unalias * 1. unalias name set history = n set history = 40 dir 40 ( 40 ) 2. h i s t o r y 3.!!! n n! s t r i n g string! c a t cat 4.!! p 5. ^oldstring ^newstring find. -name file1.c -print ^ f i l e 1. c ^ c o r e find. -name core -print oldstring n e w s t r i n g 1. compress compressdir 2. uncompress uncompressdir

s t r i n g string! c a t cat 4.!! p 5. ^oldstring ^newstring find. -name file1.

12 18 Linux ls -Rl more cat file1 more file / 1. < mail -s mail test wesongzhou@hotmail.com < file1 mail test 2. file1 > ls -l > list ls -l list >! ls -lg >! list ls - lg list >& cc file1.c >& error file1.c error >> ls - lag >> list ls - lag list >>& cc file2.c >>& error file2.c error who f i n g e r w finger su su user p a s s w r o d : user < user > who am i

c >& error file1.c error >> ls - lag >> list ls - lag list >>& cc file2.c >>& error 2.3.36 file2.

13 w h o a m i 2 19 s u rusers Ctrl+C> I P 1) rusers 2) u84987 indian doc u84123 talk u84123@doc ( u ) Message from Talk_Daemon@Local_host_name at xx:xx talk: connection requested by u84987@indian talk: respond with: talk u84987@indian (u84123) talk u84987@indian Ct r l + C ping ping IP ping doc mail < mail -s p r o g r a m user < file.c 2. mail 3. mail weisongzhou@hotmail.com Subject : mail test : file.c m a i l u s e r p r o g r a m

Talk_Daemon@Local_host_name at xx:xx talk: connection requested by u84987@indian talk: respond with: talk u84987@indian

14 20 Linux : : : Ctrl+D. C t r l + C Cc( Carbon copy) : 3. /usr/lib/sendmail -bp Mail queue is empty mail

Microsoft Word - linux命令及建议.doc

Microsoft Word - linux命令及建议.doc Linux 操作系统命令集 1 基本命令查看系统信息 : uname -a 修改密码 : passwd 退出 : logout(exit) 获取帮助 : man commands 2 文件和目录命令显示当前工作目录 : pwd 改变所在目录 : cd cd - 切换到上一次使用的目录 cd 切换