图年以来我国钢铁产量推移图和技术发展的相关关系 Fig. 1 The correlation between China s steel production and technology development since

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1 毷櫴毷毷櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴櫴毷李维国 ( 宝山钢铁股份有限公司, 上海 ) 21 世纪以来中国炼铁工艺技术取得了长足的进步, 特别是随着钢铁产量进入供大于求的时代, 也使钢铁企业进入了微利时代, 很大程度上决定钢铁产品制造成本的炼铁技术不得不向节能环保和低成本的方向发展, 以提高企业的市场竞争力列举了近年来中国炼铁的亮点技术, 并对其进行了综述特别是对目前中国炼铁界一些有争议和不同观点的技术问题进行了梳理, 为今后中国炼铁工艺技术的发展方向作了初步探讨炼铁 ; 焦比 ; 燃料比 TF5 B doi /j. issn The technology developments and the current technical issues worth discussing of Chinese iron-making LI Weiguo Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai China Abstract The iron-making technology has made considerable progress in the 21st century especially in the era with the oversupply of steel production. In order to enhance their market competitiveness after the iron and steel enterprises entering the era of meager profit the iron-making technologies which largely determine the manufacturing cost are forced to go their way of energy saving environmental protection and low-cost. This article list the highlights of Chinese iron-making technologies in recent years. Especially the controversial issues of current technology sector and the different perspectives of iron-making were analysised and carded. The direction for the future development of Chinese iron-making technology was also discussed. Key words iron-making coke rate fuel ratio

2 图年以来我国钢铁产量推移图和技术发展的相关关系 Fig. 1 The correlation between China s steel production and technology development since Fig. 2 图 2 21 世纪以来我国重点企业高炉利用系数和作业率走势 The BF operating rate and utilization coefficient trends of China s key enterprises since the 21st century

3 李维国 3 Fig. 3 图 3 21 世纪以来我国重点企业高炉焦比煤比和燃料比走势 The trend of BF coke rate,coal and fuel ratio of China s key enterprises since the 21st century 490 kg /t 300 kg /t Fig. 4 图 4 21 世纪以来我国重点企业高炉风温走势 The trend of blast air temperature of China s key enterprises since the 21st century kg /t TRT 1 kg = MJ TRT 5

4 Fig. 5 图 5 21 世纪以来我国重点企业高炉工序能耗走势 The trend of blast furnace process energy consumption of China s key enterprises since the 21st century 图 6 京唐 m 3 高炉干法除尘流程示意图 Fig. 6 The flow diagram of Jingtang m 3 blast furnace dry dedusting m % ~ 100% 2 50% ~ 70% 3 50% 4 TRT 30% m TRT m

5 李维国 # m 3 COG m m m m m m m m BSK m m m 3 图 7 京唐公司的顶燃式热风炉布局 1 # Fig. 7 Jingtang s top burning stove Fig. 8 图 8 不同容积高炉焦比煤比和燃料比的比较 The coke rate,coal and fuel ratio of different volumes blast furnaces

6 m m 3 71 kg /t 51 kg /t 9 图 9 京唐公司高炉工艺流程图 Fig. 9 The process flow diagram of Jingtang blast furnace m m 2 /t L m t 图 10 沙钢 m 3 高炉全景 m 3 Fig. 10 The photo of Shagang m 3 balst furnace

7 李维国 m 3 Table 1 The inner volum data of Shagang m 3 balst furnace σ SiO2 < σ TFe < V u /m H u /mm d /mm D /mm d 1 /mm / h 1 /mm h 2 /mm h 3 /mm h 4 /mm h 5 /mm h 0 /mm α 74 37'25. 5 β 80 50'15. 6 H u /D / 3 / 40 4 < 90 m m m mm kg < m kg kg /t kg /t Fig. 11 图 11 我国 21 世纪以来球团矿产量和所占炉料比例推移图 The pellet production and it s proportion of burden structure since the 21st century

8 m m m 4. 3 m m m 3 6 m 6 m 7 m m m 15 图年我国大型焦炉的焦炭质量比较图 Fig. 12 The coke quality comparison of China s large coke oven in t / m 3 d 13 48% ~ 50% 1 /3 30% 20% 1. 1 t /m 3 30% M 40 90% M 10 4% CRI 22% CSR 65% m 5. 5 m m m 3 100% 500 ~ 510 kg /t 150 ~ 160 kg /t 50 kg ~ 3

9 李维国 ~ 10 2 ~ # t /m # 2 # Fig. 13 图 13 某厂 m 3 高炉使用捣固焦后的生产实绩 Operation performance of some factory m 3 blast furnace after use tamping coke Fig. 14 图 14 宝钢高炉和世界一些长寿高炉的比较 The longevity BF comparison between Baosteel s and some of the world s # t /m 3

10 # 19 kg /t 200 kg /t 15 < 500 kg /t < 300 Fig. 15 图 15 宝钢 3 # 高炉利用系数和燃料消耗推移图 The utilization coefficient and fuel ratio transition diagrams of Baosteel s 3BF 3 # S S # 29 UCAR Fig. 16 图 16 宝钢 3 # 高炉安装微冷推移图 The transition diagrams of Baosteel s 3BF installation Mini cooler # m m m 3 3 #

11 李维国 ~ m 3 78 ~ ~ m 3 Table 2 Comparison of inner volume data with the 10 several biggest blast furnace in China 1 # 2 # 1 # 3 /m /m d /m D /m d 1 /m H u /m h 0 /m h 1 /m h 2 /m h 3 /m h 4 /m h 5 /m α / β / H u /D # # 2 图 17 沙钢 1 # 高炉炉顶摄像效果图 Fig. 17 The renderings of Shagang 1BF top camera

12 图 18 Fig. 18 激光测定炉料落下轨迹效果图 The renderings of laser measuring the charge falling trajectory % ~ 25% 1 # 2 # 图年我国 15 座特大型高炉煤气利用率和燃料比 Fig. 19 China s 15 large blast furnaces gas utilization rate and fuel ratio in 2012

13 李维国 ~ 40 kg /t 20 kg /t Fig. 20 图 20 两种布料模式的仿真图形 Two burden distribution simulation graphics mode 4. 2 图世纪以来我国高炉炉缸烧穿的不完全统计 Fig. 21 The incomplete statistics of China s blast furnace hearth burn since the 21st century m 3 /h m 3 /h 3 #

14 m 3 /h 2BF 380 m 3 /h % 250 kg /t 250 kg /t 20% ~ 25% 25% ~ 30% 3 UCAR 130 ~ 150 kg /t 3 # 12 UCAR UCAR Tobata 4 # 165 kg /t JFE Keihin 2 # kg /t 22 图年日本加古川高炉煤比燃料比推移图 Fig. 22 The transition diagrams of Japan Kakogawa blast furnace coal rate,fuel ratio from 2008 to kg /t /t 1 # 10 /t 170 kg /t 230 kg /t

15 李维国 15 Fig. 23 图 23 宝钢 1 # 高炉焦比煤比综合焦比燃料比和固体燃料成本推移图 The transition diagram of Baosteel s 1BF coke rate,coal rate,integrated coke rate,fuel ratio and solid fuel costs 30% 70% 24 CRI CSR 120 kg /t 25 CO 2 CRI CSR CRI CSR M 40 M CSR CRI M 40 M m 3 CSR CRI m ~ 200 /t m 3 CSR > 55% CRI < 35%

16 Fig. 24 图 24 炼焦疆内外配煤比的变化与 CSR CRI 变化的推移图 The transition diagrams between CSR,CRI change and coking coal blending ratio of inside and outside Xinjiang Fig. 25 图 25 新疆某钢厂焦炭热性能与高炉利用系数推移图 The transition diagrams of coke thermal performance and utilization coefficient from some blast furnace in Xinjiang 图年我国 15 座特大型高炉焦炭热态性能与利用系数 Fig. 26 China s 15 large blast furnace utilization coefficient and coke thermal performance in 2012

17 李维国在编写本文期间得到杨天钧王维兴邹忠平钱世崇许海法等诸位朋友提供的相关资料, 在此致以诚挚的感谢! 图 27 某厂炉腹铜冷却壁温度频繁波动情况 Fig. 27 The bosh copper stave frequent temperature fluctuations from some factory 图 28 某厂铜冷却壁损坏情况 Fig. 28 The copper stave damage from some factory 1. J J m 3 J J R N C J J J J J J

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图 年以来我国钢铁产量推移图和技术发展的相关关系 Fig. 1 The correlation between China s steel production and technology development since

图年以来我国钢铁产量推移图和技术发展的相关关系 Fig. 1 The correlation between China s steel production and technology development since