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1 2007, 29 (3) : Acta Botanica Yunnanica (, ) :, : , 89.3 % 84.4% 62.7%, ( Phlegmariurus taiwanensis ) ( Alsophila denticulata) ( Athyrium wangii ) ( Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis ) ( Pronephrium megacuspe) ( Dictyocline wilfordii) ( Arachniodes amoena) ( Dryopteris tenuicula) 8 2. ( Polypodiaceae) (Athyriaceae) (Thelypteridaceae) ( Aspleniaceae), ( Asplenium) ( Pteris) ( Allantodia) ( Selaginella) ( Cyclosorus),,,, 97.3% 88.3% 63.4% 3. 4 : 4., 10, 56, ( Athyrium hainanense) ( Helminthostachys zeylanica) ( CR), 17 (EN) 37 (VU) : ; ; ; ; : Q 948 : A : (2007) The Pteriphyte Flora of Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China DONG Shi-Yong ( South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou , China) Abstract: Based on extensive field work, 282 fern species, belonging to 119 genera in 50 families, were recorded in Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. Among the 282 species, eight are new records to Hainan, i. e. Alsophila denticulata, Arachniodes amoena, Athyrium wangii, Dictyocline wilfordii, Dryopteris tenuicula, Phlegmariurus taiwanensis, Pronephrium megacuspe and Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis. The fern flora of Yinggeling is very rich and contains 89.3% families, 84.4% genera and 62.7 % species of the fern flora of Hainan Island. This flora is characterized by tropical distribution elements, represented by % tropical families, 88. 3% tropical genera and 63. 4% tropical species. Besides the tropical elements, local endemic and East Asia distribution elements are also prominent components. The four species-rich families with more than 20 species are Polypodiaceae, Athyriaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Aspleniaceae, and the five species-rich genera with more than 10 species are Asplenium, Pteris, Allantodia, Selaginella and Cyclosorus. Regarding the ecology of the fern flora, four major habitats can be identified: arid forest or shrub habitat at low altitude, dense forest habitat at middle and high altitude, humid ravine forest habitat at middle and high altitude, and mossy dwarf : ; ( ) : , : ( ),,

2 forest habitat at high altitude. Pteridophytes are mostly abundant in humid ravine habitat at middle and high altitude. According to 2001 IUCN Red List and Categories, 56 fern species are threatened in Hainan Island, i. e. four species are Critically Endangered (CR) ( i. e. Athyrium hainanense and Helminthostachys zeylanica ), 17 species are Endangered ( EN) and 37 are Vulnerable ( VU). In addition, ten fern species are under Class II National Protection in China. Key words: Fern flora ; New record; Phytogeography; Ecological distribution; Red List m,,,,,,, , 4,, 1, N, E, 4, hm 2 -, m 10,,,, 23 35, mm (, 2002), , 51 d,, 1 500, 250 m, m,,,,,, (, 1978) (, 2004) 2001 IUCN ( IUCN SSC, 2001 ) ( IBSC) 3 4, 425, 276 6, , , 8, ( Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis ( Kunze ) Ching ) ( Pseudophegopteris Ching), 8 : Phlegmariurus taiwanensis ( C. M. Kuo) L. B. Zhang,,, , m m 2, Alsophila denticulata Baker,,, ,, m, 1, 10, Athyrium wangii Ching,, 1939, , 2,

3 3 : m m, 3 Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis ( Kunze) Ching,, , m 1,, Pronephrium megacuspe ( Baker ) Holttum,,, , m 4 Dictyocline wilfordii ( Hook.) J. Sm.,,, , 2, m Arachniodes amoena ( Ching ) Ching,,, , m 1 Dryopteris tenuicula C. G. Matthew & Christ,,, ,, 1, m,, -, 8 ( m),, 8, , ( 1978, ), 89.3% 84.4% 62.7% , ,, 8 ( Polypodiaceae) ( ) (Athyriaceae) (9 26 ) ( Thelypteridaceae) ( 8 22 ) (Aspleniaceae) ( 3 21 ) (Dryopteridaceae) (6 17 ) (Tectariaceae) ( 7 16 ) ( Pteridaceae) ( 2 16 ) (Hymenophyllaceae) ( 7 13 ), 8 161, 57%, 42, , ,, , 76.3%, 38.3%, 5 10 : ( Asplenium) ( 18 ) ( Pteris) ( 15 ) ( Allantodia) (12 ) ( Selaginella ) (11 ) ( Cyclosorus) (10 ) ( Microlepia) (8 ) ( Lindsaea) (8 ) ( Tectaria ) ( 7 ) ( Dryopteris) (7 ) ( Angiopteris) (5 ), , 36.2% ,, , 89.3% 84.4% 62.7%, 56, 6

4 : ( Botrychiaceae) ( Stenochlaenaceae ) ( Acrostichaceae ) ( Hypodematiaceae) ( Salviniaceae ) (Azollaceae),, 5, 1 1 1, 1 1 2, , ,, ( 1991) (2004 ) (2003) 8 9 (, 2004 ),, 8 ( 1 ), 97.3% 88.3% 63.4% 8,, 6 10,, 7,, 117, 63.4%, 3.,, 8.7% 16.1% 10, ( Metathelypteris ) ( Boniniella ) ( Chieniopteris ) ( Ataxipteris ) ( Gymnogrammitis) ( Polypodiodes ) ( Arthromeris) ( Lemmaphyllum) ( Lepidogrammitis) ( Phymatopteris) ( Ataxipteris), 9 282, 45, ( Cornopteris decurrenti-alata) ( Coniogramme intermedia) Distribution pattern 1 Table 1 Distribution patterns of the fern families, genera and species of Yinggeling Nature Reserve ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) Families percentage * Genera percentage * Species percentage * Cosmopolitan Pantropic Old World Tropics Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer. Disjuncted Trop. Asia & Trop. Australasia Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa Trop. & Subtrop. Asia E. Asia Himalaya to Japan China to Himalaya China to Japan Endemic Endemic to Hainan Endemic to China Endemic to S China & Indo-China Total * Cosmopolitan excluded

5 3 : 281 ( Monachosorum henryi ) ( Dryopteris tenuicula) ( Alsophila denticulata ) ( Dictyocline griffithii ) ( D. wilfordii) ( ), 23, 15, : ( Angiopteris caudipinna ) ( A. hainanensis ) ( A. howii) ( A. oblanceolata ) ( A. subintegra ) ( Diplopterygium simulans ) ( Hymenophyllum spinosum) ( Microlepia hainanensis) ( M. scyphoformis ) ( M. subtrichosticha ) ( Lindsaea lobata var. hainaniana ) ( Pteris morii ) ( Pteris hainanensis ) ( Athyrium hainanense) ( Allantodia wangii) ( A. hainanensis) ( A. subdilatata ) ( Cyclosorus scaberulus) ( Cyclosorus laui) ( Arachniodes hainanensis ) ( Lastreopsis subrecedens) ( Oleandra hainanensis) ( Lepisorus affinis), ; ( Helminthostachys zeylanica ) ( Gymnogrammitis dareiformis) ( Arthromeris lehmannii ) ( Polypodiodes amoena ) ; ( Cheiropleuria bicuspis), ; 8, ( Selaginella ciliaris) ( Gonocormus minutus) ( Coniogramme intermedia) ( Asplenium finlaysonianum ) ( Ctenopteris moultonii) ( Scleroglossum pusillum),, 50, 3.3, 4 : m,,, ( Palhinhaea cernua ) ( Dicranopteris pedata ) ( Lygodium japoncum) ( L. longifolium) ( Microlepia villosa ) ( Lindsaea ensifolia ) ( L. orbiculata ) ( Sphenomeris chinensis ) ( Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) ( P. revolutum) ( Pteris semipinnata ) ( Cheilosoria tenuifolia) ( Adiantum caudatum ) ( A. flabellulatum ) ( Pityrogramma calomelanos ) ( Callipteris esculenta ) ( Macrothelypteris torresiana ) ( Cyclosorus dentatus ) ( Blechnum orientale) ( Nephrolepis biserrata ), ( Lygodium circinnatum) ( Pteris finotii) ( Doryopteris concolor) ( Hemionitis arifolia m,,,,,,, 80%,, Selaginella doederleinii

6 ( S. picta ) ( S. monospora ) ( S. doederleinii subsp. scabrifolia), ( Cibotium barometz ), ( Microlepia hookeriana ) ( M. marginata ), ( Alsophila podophylla) ( A. gigantea ) ( A. latebrosa) ( A. spinulosa ) ( Sphaeropteris brunoniana), ( Pteris grevilleana ) ( P. - morii), ( Allantodia dilatata) ( A. metteniana) ( A. viridescens ) ( A. petri ) ( Diplazium donianum), ( Cyclosorus crinipes ) ( C. heterocarpus) ( C. latipinnus ) ( C. parasiticus) ( C. scaberulus) ( C. truncatus ) ( Pronephrium simplex) ( P. triphyllum), ( Dryopteris sparsa) ( D. integriloba) ( D. polita ) ( Arachniodes chinensis), ( Ctenitis decurrenti-pinnata ) ( Ctenitopsis fuscipes ) ( Pleocnemia winitii) ( Trichomanes auriculatum) ( Vittaria amboinensis ) ( Asplenium scortechinii ) ( A. neolaserpitiifolium) ( Neottopteris nidus) ( N. phyllitidis ) ( Belvisia annamensis) ( Christiopteris tricuspis) ( Drymoglossum piloselloides) ( Schellolepis persicifolia) ( Pseudodrynaria cornans), ( Phlegmariurus taiwanensis) ( Colysis digitata ) ( Phymatosorus scolopendria,,, m,,,, ( Callistopteris apiifolia ) ( Selenodesmium obscurum ) ( Trichomanes birmanicum ) ( T. cystoseiroides) ( T. naseanum), ( Asplenium crinicaule) ( A. cheilosorum) ( A. excisum) ( A. prolongatum) m,, ( Pinus kwangtungensis) ( Rhododendron simiarum) ( Lithocarpus hancei) ( Myrsine sequinii) ( Ternstroemia ),,,, ( Phlegmariurus guangdongensis) ( Hymenophyllum denticulata) ( H. spinosum) ( Mecodium exsertum) ( M. polyanthos) ( Gymnogrammitis dareiformis) ( Elaphoglossum yoshinagae) ( Arthromeris lehmannii) ( Lepisorus affinis) ( Phymatopteris obtusa) ( P. triloba ) ( Polypodiodes amoena ) ( Grammitis dorsipila) ( Scleroglossum pusillum),,, ( Plagiogyria adanta) ( P. falcata ) ( P. japonica ) ( Chieniopteris harlandii ) ( Dryopteris cyclopeltidiformis) , 10 : ( Ceratopteris thalictroides) ( Brainea insignis ) 10 (,

7 3 : ),,,,,,,,,,,,, m, 600,, 10, m ,, ( IUCN SSC) 1991 IUCN,, IUCN IUCN SSC 2001, 3, ( CR ) ( EN) (VU) 2001 IUCN ( IUCN SSC, 2001), 56 : 2 ( CR ), 17 ( EN ), 37 (VU), 56 2, (, 2003;, 2004 ),, 1. :,,,,, 400 m,, 2, 1, ; 1, m,, 2., 17,,,, ( Ophioderma pindulum) ( Dipteris conjugata ),,,,,,, 1, 5 1,,,,,,,, ( ),, 3. 37,,, 36,, ;,, ;

8 Table 2 Threatened species in Yinggeling Nature Reserve Species * * Species Threatened category Threatened category Athyrium hainanense CR C2a (i) ; D Microsorum membranaceum VU D1 Helminthostachys zeylanica CR C2a (i) Phlegmariurus guangdongensis VU D1 Gymnogrammitis dareiformis EN A2a ; D Schellolepis persicifolia VU D1 Hemionitis arifolia EN B1ab (iii) Allantodia virescens var. VU D1 + 2 Doryopteris concolor EN B2ab (iii, iv) okinawaensis Alsophila denticulata EN D Arthromeris lehmannii VU D1 + 2 Belvisia annamensis EN D Asplenium crinicaule VU D1 + 2 Christiopteris tricuspis EN D Asplenium tenuicaule VU D1 + 2 Coniogramme intermedia EN D Asplenium tenuifolium VU D1 + 2 Cornopteris decurrenti-alata EN D Brainea insignis VU D1 + 2 Ctenopteris moultonii EN D Crepidomanes latemarginale VU D1 + 2 Dipteris conjugata EN D Crepidomanes racemulosum VU D1 + 2 Dryopteris tenuicula EN D Ctenitopsis sagenioides VU D1 + 2 Gonocormus minutus EN D Dennstaedtia scabra VU D1 + 2 Hymenophyllum spinosum EN D Dryoathyrium boryanum VU D1 + 2 Monachosorum henryi EN D Lastreopsis subrecedens VU D1 + 2 Ophioderma pindulum EN D Loxogramme assimilis VU D1 + 2 Phlegmariurus taiwanensis EN D Plagiogyria adnata VU D1 + 2 Phymatopteris obtuse EN D Plagiogyria falcate VU D1 + 2 Ceratopteris thalictroides VU B1ab ( iii, iv) + Polypodiodes amoena VU D ab (iii, iv) ; D1 + 2 Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis VU D1 + 2 Angiopteris caudipinna VU D1 Pteris longipinnula VU D1 + 2 Angiopteris hainanensis VU D1 Pyrrosia oblonga VU D1 + 2 Angiopteris howii VU D1 Schizaea digitata VU D1 + 2 Angiopteris oblanceolata VU D1 Scleroglossum pusillum VU D1 + 2 Angiopteris subintegra VU D1 Selaginella ciliaris VU D1 + 2 Asplenium finlaysonianum VU D1 Woodwardia japonica VU D1 + 2 Elaphoglossum yoshinagae VU D1 Phymatosorus membranifolius VU D1 + 2 Lomagramma matthewii VU D1 Elaphoglossum conforme VU D1 + 2 * CR :, critically endangered; EN:, endangered; VU:, vulnerable, IUCN ( IUCN SSC, 2001),,, , 89.3% 84.4% 62.7% ( Phlegmariurus taiwanensis ) ( Alsophila denticulata) ( Athyrium wangii) ( Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorachis ) ( Pronephrium megacuspe) ( Dictyocline wilfordii) ( Arachniodes amoena ) ( Dryopteris tenuicula) 8 2.,, 97.3% 88.3% 63.4% 3. 4 :, 4. 10, 56, 2 ( CR ) (

9 3 : 285 Athyrium hainanense Helminthostachys zeylanica), 17 ( EN), 37 (VU) 5.,, 17,,,,,,,,,,, [ M]. :, 1 29, ( ) [ J ]., 5: 3 11 Ching RC ( ), The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin [ J ]. Acta Phytotax Sin ( ), 16 (3 ) : 1 19, 16 (4 ) : Dong SY ( ), Chen ZC ( ), Zhang XC ( ), Biodiversity and conservation of the Pteridophytes from Diaoluo Mountain, Hainan Island [ J ]. Biodiver Sci ( ), 11 ( 5) : Dong SY ( ), Classification, Phytogeography and Conservation of the Pteridophytes from Hainan Island [ A]. A dissertation of the Graduate School, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( ), IUCN SSC, ICUN Red List Categories and Criteria ( Version 3.1) [ M ]. IUCN Publication Service Unit, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, 1 30 Lu SG ( ), An outline of the Chinese Pteridoflora [ J ]. Adv Plant Sci ( ), 6: Wu ZY ( ), The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants [ J ]. Acta Bot Yunnan ( ) Suppl. IV: Zhang XC ( ), The East Asiatic genera and endemic genera of the Pteridophytes in China [ J ]. Korean J Plant Taxon, 33 ( 4) :

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植物科学学报 2013ꎬ 31(5): 510 ~ 516 Plant Science Journal DOI:10 3724 / SP J 1142 2013 50510 北京松山国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及其保护评价李南岍 1 ꎬ 吴记贵 2 ꎬ 蒋万杰 2 ꎬ 沐先运 1 1 ꎬ 程瑾 (1. 北京林业大