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1 丁守海 : ; : ( 00872) (urbanization) Urban (city) (town) 30 : 200 3

2 ( ) ( ) ; ; : 2 2 H.Moir Dynamic Relationships between Labor Force Structure Urbanizationand Development"Economic Developmentand CulturalChangevol.26no.997pp J.Gibbsand W.Martin UrbanizationTechnologyandtheDivisionofLabor:International 3

3 ( ) ; Paterns"American SociologicalReviewvol.27no.5962pp Thomas Oberson WilkinsonThe Urbanization of Japanese Labor AmherstMA:UniversityofMassachusetsPress956. S.Sethuraman Urbanisation and Employment: A Case Study of Djakarta" InternationalLabor Reviewvol.2no.2975pp Chun-ChungAuandJ.Vernon Henderson AreChineseCitiesTooSmal?"Review of EconomicStudiesvol.73no.32006pp W.Moore Urbanization andindustrialization ofthe Labor Forcein a Developing Economy:LaborAtitudestowardIndustrializationinUnderdevelopedCountries"The American Economic Reviewvol.45no.2955pp M.FinneyandJ.Kohlhase TheEfectofUrbanizationonLaborTurnover"Journal of RegionalSciencevol.48no.22008pp L.Shilton and J.Webb Headquarters Ofice Employmentand the Wave of Urbanizationinthe New York City Region" Journalof Real Estate Financeand Economicsvol.0no.2995pp : : :

4 瑏瑠瑏瑠 : : : : : : : : : : : 33

5 204 2 : T L h U I G: ; W A ( ) L : 20 5 G.Becker A TheoryoftheAlocationofTime"The EconomicJournalvol.75no pp

6 WL R :h =T-L-R :(T-L-R)A :I= (T-R)A+ (W-A)L h :G=g (h) : max U (IG) s.t. I= (T-R)A+ (W-A)L G=g (T-R-L) 0 L T-R λ : Z=U ((T-R)A+ (W-A)Lg (T-R-L)) +λ (T-R-L) () L : Z L =U IW-U Gg -λ 0 ;L 0;L Z L =0 (2) λ : Z λ =T-R-L 0 ;λ 0;λ Z λ =0 (3) :h=t-r-l>0 (3) Z λ >0 :λ=0 () (2) : U L =U IW-U Gg =0 (4) : MRS GI= -U G : MRT GI= -pg = U I pi -W g pi pg g W : MRS GI=MRT GI (5) L+h=T-R; I= (T-R)A+ (W-A)L; G=g (h) Q 0 L 0 h 0 I G A S U S E (5) 35

7 204 I * G * L * h * R R T-R T-R S S E E L g (h) g (h) A A M I = (T-R)A + (W- A )L + M S E I E L : MRS GI E ; ; : ( ) 36

8 % % 20% 2 2: 2 3: 2 TheStatisticsBureauofPrime Minister s OficeJapan StatisticalYearbook Tokyo:JapanStatisticalAssociation982. : :

9 204 : ( ) : : p (yit=)= eyit* e yit* + s.t. yit * =β 0+ ( β +φind it+γlos ij )URBAN it+ γz it+e it i ;t y y ; ( ) y 0 y * URBAN ( ) IND IND 0 ; IND φ 38

10 LOS LOS 0 ; LOS γ Z () RAISE 6 60 (2) ( ) LAND (3) AGRI 2 (4) WAGE (5) WEAL (6) APPL (7) CARE OUT () AGE (2) MARR: ; 0 (3) LEAD: ; 0 (4) EDU (5) SKILL (6) EXPER 2 I.GarciaandJ.Molina HouseholdLabourSupplywithRationinginSpain"Applied Economicsvol.30998pp W.A.Lewis EconomicDevelopmentwith UnlimitedSuppliesofLabor"Manchester Schoolof Economicand SocialStudiesvol.22954pp

11 204 ; 2: y y ; y 0 URBAN IND URBAN LOS URBAN Z OUT 3 3: : G it=α0+ (α+δnear it )URBAN it+ ξv it+u i+λt+εit i ;t G GDP URBAN NEAR: NEAR ; 0 NEAR URBAN δ V LABOR RESOU RESOU ; 0 2 u i λt 2 40 ( : )

12 ( ) :% %20.6%.03% %.37% 70% 0% % /3 ; % 2.09%;202 40% % /4 ; %; % % 60% ; %; % 4

13 204 logit Hausman Hausman % logit ( 2) 2 Z RAISE *** LAND AGRI WAGE -0.6 ** WEAL *** APPL CARE ** OUT ** AGE 0.09 * MARR LEAD EDU SKILL *** EXPER *** URBAN ** IND URBAN *** LOS URBAN 0.03 *** Wald : *** ** * % 5% 0% 2 RAISE

14 LAND AGRI 30% 50% WAGE -0.6 WEAL CARE OUT AGE 0.09 SKILL EXPER URBAN ( ) IND URBAN LOS URBAN : 43

15 204 ; 3 ( ) 2 logit Hausman ( 3) 3 Z RAISE *** LAND ** AGRI WAGE 0.83 *** WEAL *** APPL CARE * AGE *** MARR LEAD EDU SKILL 0.8 *** EXPER URBAN ** IND URBAN LOS URBAN 0.2 *** Wald RAISE LAND WAGE 0.83 WEAL 44

16 CARE AGE SKILL 0.8 URBAN ( ) ( ) IND URBAN LOS URBAN ( ) 3 ( 4) 4 LABOR RESOU (.084) (0.993) (0.076) (0.063).075 *** *** (3.230) (2.88) NEAR.29 *** (0.267) URBAN NEAR URBAN F ( ui) (.225) (0.995).90 ** 2.02 *** (0.707) (0.60)

17 204 4 LM R 2 Hausman : ;F ( ui) LM 4 F ( ui) LM 5.87 % Hausman 20.5 % LABOR RESOU.075 URBAN ( ) NEAR URBAN.9 ( ) GDP

18 ; : : 47

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