, ( ) ( ) ; ( CIP ) /. :, ( ) ISBN TP277 CIP ( 2002) : : : : * : : 174 ( A ) : : (023)

Transcription

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2 , ( ) ( ) ; ( CIP ) /. :, ( ) ISBN TP277 CIP ( 2002) : : : : * : : 174 ( A ) : : (023) : (023) : http: / /w ww.cqup.com.cn : fxk@ cqup.com.c n ( ) * : /16 : 16 : : ISBN / TP 387 : 19.00,

3 ,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3 ), ( 7 ), ( 2 ),,,,,,,,,, : xyhe@ gxu.edu.cn

4 I/ O I/ O A/ D D/ A I/ O PID 77 1

5 4.2 PID PID PC I/ O I/ O Honeywell Fox boro I/ A S JX 300X A-B Siemen s LON LonWorks PROFIBU S CA N

6 kg/ h P ID

7 1 ( ),, ( ) ( ),,,,,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,,, 1.1, : ( ) ( ) 1.1 1

8 1.1,,,,,,, 4 : PWM 2

9 1 p H 3,, ,,,, ( ), ( ) (4 20mA),, ( PID ) ( 4 20mA ),, 3

10 , 1.2,, 1.2.1,,,,,, ( PCs),,,, 1.3, STD ISA PCI, PCI ISA 1.3, DIY, ( ), ( ), PCs DOS, 20 90, Windows Windows NT C VC ++ VB Delphi 4 PCs 20 90,

11 1, PCs,,, PLC, PCs, PCs ( P rogrammable Logic Controller, P LC ) P LC : 1), P LC,,,,, PLC 2), P LC ( CPU ), I/ O,, 3),, PLC,,, 4) P LC, PLC, P LC P LC, PLC, P LC, PLC, :, 20 90, P LC, PLC, PLC, P LCs P LCs PLCs, ; P LC, P LC, PLC P LC 5

12 P LC,,,, 1.5 PLC, P LC PLC, 1.5 P LC I/ O P LC, 1.6 P LC PLC 1.6 PLC : P LC (20 60 ), P LC, PLC ( ) PLC PLC, PLC Windows CE( MicroSoft ) PLC 1.2.3,,, :,,,,,,,, 20 70, Honeywell ( DCS), 6

13 1, DCS ( ) : (1 ) (2 ),,, (3 ) DCS,, (4 ), DCS,,,,, PID,,,,,,,,, Honeyw ell ; Foxboro ; 20 90, DCS 7

14 , DCS, DCS, DCS P LCs ( PLC, ; DCS, ),, PLCs DCS P LCs DCS DCS PLC, PLC, PLC,, DCS DCS DCS Foxboro DCS Unix Windows, ,,,,, DCS,,,,,,, IEC F F : : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ), DCS, DCS,,,, PID, 8

15 1, (5 ),,,, (6 ),,,, ,,, ( ), (1 ) CAN CA N Bosch,, ISO11898 : CA NBUS CPU ISA PCI, CAN,, CAN,,,, 10km ( 5kbit/ s ) 1Mbit/ s (40m) 110, 8 CAN,, (2 ) PRO FIBUS PROFIBUS 1991 DINI9245 PROFI- BUS,, PROFIBU S P A,,, PROFIBU S F MS PROFI- 9

16 BUS DP PROFIBU S, PROFIBUS, F ZI,, (3 ) FF FF ( Foundation Field Bus) F F : ISO/ OSI,, : H1, 31.25kbit/ s, 1 900m, ; H2,, 1Mbit/ s (750 m) 2.5Mbit/ s (500m ) (4 ) LO NWORKS LONWORKS, Echelon, LON LON LO N Neuron, LO NTalk, OSI IOS, Neuron CP U, LONWORKS LonManager LonBuilder NodeBuilder N euron 1.3, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,, ( : ) (3 ) : 10

17 1, ;,,, (4 ),,,,, ( ) (5 ),,,, 1.1? 1.2,,? 1.3?? 1.4, 1.5,? 1.6, 11

18 2,, :, (, ),,,, ,, ;, : : ( ) : ( ) :, ( ) ( ) 2.1,,,, 12

19 2 2.1, : (, ), (, I P ), (, Modem ) (, RS232 ), ; ; :,,, ( ) : (, ) :, 0 1, + 5V 1, 0V 0,,, :,,, 4 ( 4 ) : + 3V + 1V - 1V - 3V, ( ),,, : ,,,, log2 4 = 2-3V 00, - 1V 01, + 1V 10, + 3V 11, 9( 1001B),, 4 : , : + 1V ( 10 ), - 1V ( 01 ), m, log2 m :,,,,, 8, 9, :,,,,,,, 13

20 ,,, : ( ),, :,,,, :, :,,,, : ( FDM ) ( TDM) ( CDM) ( WDM) :,,,,, :,, :,,, : ( ),, ( ), 2.1.2,,,,,,

21 2 2.4, CR T D/ A A/ D,,, ( Modem), :, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ( ),, 2.1.3, (1 ) 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( Baud), B ( : ), RB 2) ( ) :, / ( bit/ s ), Rb,,,,,, ;, m, RB Rb :, m 2, Rb = RB log2 m 15

22 , 2, m = 2, Rb = RB ; 8, m = 8, Rb = 3 RB (2 ),,,, : 1) ( ), 2) ( ),,, :, ;, ), (3 ),, 1) ( ), Eb/ n0 Eb, n0 2),,,,,, : = / 2.2 : ;, ; ( 2.4 ),

23 ( Baudot ) 1932 ( Interna tional Telecommunication Union, IT U),, 5, 2 5 = ,, , 5, 11011, 5, ASCII ( American St andard Code for Information Int erchange, ASCII), ( International Standard Organization, ISO) ( Cons ultative Commit tee Interna tional Telegraph and Telephone, CCIT T ),, ASCII 7, 128,, 7 ( 8 ) ASCII :,, ;,, 94 : 26 A Z 26 a z, , 32 ( ) 34 : 11, 4, 6, 4, ,, : ( GB ), 4, 4,

24 94, 94,,, ASCII :, 1 1, ; 0, ASCII,,,, 3143, 3F4B, BFCB 2.3,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,, ( U T P ) ( S T P ), , ( 8 ) 100Mbit/ s, 5 5 5, 5,, 100Mbit/ s, 5 1/ 4,,, (1 ), 2.6 ( EIA) 3 5,,,, RJ 45 (4 ) RJ 11 (2 ) (2 ),, 2.7,, 18

25 2, 100m 500Mbit/ s, 16Mbit/ s, 155Mbit/ s,, RJ 45 ( ),, 100m,,, 4 2.6, 5,, 500 m ( ) ;, ;, 19

26 ,, 2.10 : RG 8 RG 11 (50 ) ; RG 58( 50 ) ; RG 59( 59 ) ; RG 62( 93 ) 50, 2.10, 10Mbit/ s RG 8 RG 58 75,, CATV, MHz ( FDM), 75,,, ( ASK FSK PSK ), 75, 50Mbit/ s 6MHz,4 800bit/ s 20k H z 50 ( ),, 75 ( ), 50Mbit/ s, 20 30,, 1k m,,, BNC, T ;, Tap, Tap,,, Tap,,

27 2 (1 ),,,,,,, 2.12,, 2.12,,,, : ( SiO2 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ), :,,,,,, H z (3 ) ), : LED( Light Emit ting Diode), ILD ( Injection Laser Diode),,,, ( Multimode fiber),,,,,,,,,,, ( Single mode fiber) 2),, 21

28 : PIN A PD PIN P N APD PIN,, PIN, APD ( ), : 8.3 m / 125 m, ; 62.5 m / 125 m, ; 50 m / 125 m, ; 100 m / 140 m,, 62.5/ 125, 8.3/ 125,,,,, ASK, ( Intensity modula tion) :,, PIN A PD :, ;,,,,,,, (4 ), Hz, 70%,,,,,, 6 8km,, 100 m/ 140 m 62.5 m/ 125 m 4dB, 50 m/ 125 m 8.5dB 0.8 m 6dB/ km, 150MHz km; 1.3 m 4dB/ km, 500MHz km,, 1.55 m,,,,,,, 300M Hz ,,

29 2 ( ), 2 40G H z, 2M Hz, 500,, Mbit/ s, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (line of sight), ( ),, 2.3.5,, 2.4.2, kh z,,,,, : ; ; ; ;,,,,,,, :,,, 23

30 2.4 (, ), ( ASK) ( FSK ) ( PSK), ( PCM) ( M ), (1 ),,, : :,, :, : 0 1 : (2 ),,, :,,,,, 24

31 2 : ( ), :, :,,, :,,, 1) ( ) 1, 0,,, ( ), 2.15 : 2.15,,, 1,,,,,, 2) ( ) 1, ( ) 0, , : 1 0,, 1 0, 25

32 ,, 100Mbit/ s, ( ),,,, 3) ( ) 1, 0,,,, ,,, 4) ( ) 1, ( ) 0,,, ) ( 0 ), 0 ( 1 ),, :, ) ( ),, 26

33 2 1 ( ), 0 ( ) :,,,,,,,, 2.4.2,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,, :, : ( ASK ) ( FSK ) ( PSK) ( ) ( ) (1 ) ( ASK), 1, Asin t, A ; 0, 0 ASK 2.21, ASK, ASK,, 1 200bit/ s (2 ) ( FSK) 1, f1, 0, f 2 FSK 27

34 ASK (3 ) ( PSK) 2.22 FSK PSK,, 1, ; 0, 0 ( ) ( DPSK), DPSK, PSK, PSK PSK PSK PSK 2.1 PSK 2.2 PSK ; D/ A,, 28

35 2 ( PCM) (DM), ( ),,,,, R TU F TU,,, , RS 232 ; RS 232 RS 422 RS 485, ; RS 232 ( ) ; RS 232,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),, ASCII, 7, 8 ( 2.6 ),, ( 1 ) 0,,,, ( 1 ) 2.23, (2 ), ( ),,,, 200, 1%, 100, 101, 29

36 2.23,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ),,,,,, (1 ) IBM 10, ASCII, ( SOH ) SYN( synchronous ), ( STX) SY N,, SY N,,, ( ETB) , SO H ( E TX) ( Start Of H eader),, ( SYN ) S TX ( EOT) ( Start Of Text), ( (ENQ ) ) ETB ( ACK ) ( End of Transmission Block ) E TX ( End ( NAK) of Text ),,, E TB, ( DLE) E TX, SOH E TX SY N SO H ST X E TB/ E T X

37 2,, (2 ),, IBM SDLC ( Synchronous Data Link Control) ISO H DLC ( High level Data Link Control) ADCCP ( Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure) H DLC: H DLC 2.25 F A C I FCS F HDLC HDLC, F F :, ; F A, 8, 24 A C, 8, FCS, ; F I, 256 F, I C , 0 / ( ), 5 1, 0 ; ( ) 5 1, 0 H DLC : ( ), ;,,, H DLC [9 ] [19] 2.5.3,,, RS 232 RS 449/ 423/ 422/ mA (1 ) RS 232 RS 232 EIA RS 232C, : ( DTE ) (DCE) RS 232 ( ) EIA BELL 1969 DTE DCE RS Recommended Standard, RS 232, RS 232 ( ) 31

38 2.26 HDLC 2.27 DB ( DB 25 ), 9 (DB 9 ) DB 25 DB DB 9 RS 232 : : - 3V - 15V 1 32

39 2 + 3V + 15V 0 : - 3V - 15V OFF ( 1) + 3V + 15V ON( 0) : + 3V - 3V : 2 000pF : 20kB : ( 2.29 ), 2.29 RS 232 : 15m( ) RS 232, RS TXD DCE 3 RXD DTE 4 RTS DCE 5 CTS DTE 6 DSR DTE 7 GND 8 CD TXC DCE RXC DTE

40 20 DTR DCE RI DTE TXC DCE 25 DB 9, DB 9,, ( TXD RXD) ( GND) ( DSR DT R RI DCD RT S CTS ) TXD( T ran smit ted Data) : DCE, TXD 1 RXD( Received Data) : DCE GND(Ground) : DSR( Dat a Set Ready) :, DCE, DT R (Data Terminal Ready) :, DTE DCE, RI( Ringing ) : Modem (DCE ),, DTE DCD(Data Carrier Detection ) : DCE,, DTE R TS ( Request To Send) : DTE DCE DTE,, DCE CTS ( Clear To Send) : DCE R TS DCE DT E,, DTE TXD RS 232 RS 232 EIA EIA DTE T TL ( 0 5V),, RS 232, MC T TL EIA, MC EIA T TL 15V, MAX232 ICL232, + 5V,, T TL EIA,,, [ 8] [ 26 ] RS 232, ( 3 ),,,,, RS B 2km,, 34

41 2 RS 232, RS 232 DCE RS 232,,, RS (2 ) RS 422/ 485 RS 232,,,,, ;,,, RS pF, RS 232,, RS 422/ 485 ( ) 2.30 RS 422 RS 422, ( ) 2.30, A A BB 200mV, 1, BB A A 200mV, 0,, RS 422, RS 232,,, RS 422 RS Mbit/ s, 12m;, 90kbit/ s, m RS 422, 4 RS 485 RS 422, RS 422, RS 485 RS 422 ( ) 10, RS 485 RS 485 RS 422, ( 32 ),, RS 485, ; ; POS RS 422/ 485 : T TL RS 422/ 485 ; ( ) RS 232 RS 422/ 485, SN7514 MC3487 ; SN75175 MC37486, MAX481 MAX483 MAX485 MAX487 MAX491 / 35

42 2.31 RS MAX481/ MAX483/ MAX485/ MA X487 MAX491 RS 485 ( ) [8 ] [9 ] [26] 2.5 RS 232 RS 422 RS RS 232 RS 422 RS 485 / 1/ 1 1/ 10 32/ 32 15m 1 200m(90kbit/ s) 1 200m( 90kbit/ s) 20kbit/ s 10 Mbit/ s 10Mbit/ s ( ) 15V 6V 12 V ( ) 5V ( ) 2 V( ) 1.5V ( ) 15 V( ) 6 V( ) 15V ( ) 3 7k * 100 A 100 A 15V 12 V V 3V 200mV 200mV 2.6,,,,, :,,, ( ),, :,, 36

43 (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ) F EC( Forward Error Correction ),,,,,,,, FEC,,, (4 ) ARQ( Automatic Repeat Request) ARQ,,,,, ARQ,, ARQ F EC, (5 ) H EC( H ybrid Error Correction) F EC A RQ,,,,,, HEC,, 2.6.2,, ( ), ( ), k, M = ( m1, m2,, mk ) r C = ( c1, c2,, cn ) 2.32 k r n = k + r

44 ,, ( ), , ,, A B, 1 A, 0 B, 1 0, 0 1,,,, : 00 B, 11 A ; , , 10 01, 1,, 11 00, 00,,, 000 B, 111 A, ,,, 2 111, 110,, 111,, 1,,,, : (1 ),,, :, 1, , 0, , 1,, 1 ISO,,,,, ( ), ( ) 50%,,,,, :, n - 1, n - 1,,,,

45 b0 b1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b b 0 b 1 b2 b3 b 4 b 5 b (2 ) CRC( Cyclic Redundancy Checking) : (, ) ( ), mk mk - 1 m2 m1, : M( x) = mk + mk - 1 x + + m2 x k m1 x k - 1 r n : A( x) = M( x) G( x) = an + an - 1 x + + a2 x n a1 x n - 1 G( x) r, CRC G( x), 2, ai, 0;, ai, 1 an an - 1 a2 a1, (, ;, ),, ( n, k), n, k, r = n - k 2.8 ( 7, 3 ) G( x)

46 x 4 + x 3 + x CRC B( x), G( x) : B( x) = m * ( x) G( x) + r( x), r( x) = 0,,, r( x),,, CRC 32, : G( x) = x x x 22 + x 16 + x 12 + x 11 + x 10 + x 8 + x 7 + x 5 + x 4 + x 2 + x ( 7,3 ) ,,, [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] 2.1?? ,? , PSK, B, ,? 2.8,?? 0

47 3 I /O,,,, ;, ;,,,,, ( ) ( / / / ) /, :,,,,,,,, 3. 1 I/ O I/ O,, ;,,, :, : / 41

48 / : (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),, : ( ) ( ) (3 ),,,, (4 ),, ( CP U),,,, CP U, CPU : DMA , ( ) ( CP U ) ( CPU ) ( ), , I/ O,, CP U ; 3. 2, I/ O CPU I/ O,,, I/ O, I/ O 3. 3 S/ H ( ) A/ D 1 ; 2 D/ A S/ H ( ),,, A/ D( D/ A ) ; A/ D( 42

49 3 I/ O I/ O D/ A), ; A/ D( D/ A), I/ O ( AI ) ( AO) (DI) (DO), I/ O I/ O I/ O, : ( ) (1 ) ( ),,,,, :, 43

50 ,, ;,, 5V 12V 24V 48V (2 ), ph,,, 0 5V 1 5V ; 0 10 ma 4 20mA,,,,,, I/ O ( ) (3 ) I/ O,,,,,, I/ O, ( I/ O) ( CP U RAM), CPU,, CP U CPU, CP U, I/ O I/ O : (DMA ),, (1 ) I/ O CP U : I/ O I/ O I/ O CP U I/ O,,, / / / I/ O CUP ( ),,,,, 44

51 3 I/ O :,, CP U, CP U, CP U,, CP U,, :, CP U,,,,, CPU,,,, CP U,,, CPU, CPU ( ),,,,, (2 ),,, ( : ),,, ;, CPU,, I/ O, CP U, CP U,, CP U,, CP U ( ),,, CPU, CPU,, I/ O, 4 : ( ),,, CP U,, CP U, CPU, CP U 45

52 ,,,, CP U,, CP U 4, (3 ) ( DMA ) RAM, CPU, DMA,, I/ O, I/ O, I/ O, (1 ), ( CPU ) I/ O, : CPU,,, (2 ), I/ O, 32, A/ D D/ A ( 46

53 3 I/ O A/ D D/ A ),,,,,,, ( 20 ),,, 200 (3 ), I/ O I/ O ( ) I/ O I/ O,,, ( ) I/ O,,,, 3. 2, A/ D D/ A,, A/ D, D/ A,, I/ O 3. 3 I/ O, : A/ D,,, AD7501 AD7503 ; D/ A,,,, ;,, CD4051 CD4052 CD4097 RCA CD4051 : CMOS 3. 5 CD CD4051, 3 A2 A1 A0 S 3. 1, S A0 A2 CP U S A0 A2 T TL, CMOS CMOS,, T TL CMOS, IO0 IO7, O/ I, 8 1 ;, O/ I, IO0 IO7, 1 8 CD4051 3,, Vss, VDD ( 12V), VEE ( - 12V ) :, 100n s 1 s;, 10 9 ; 47

54 3. 5 CD , CD CD4051 S A 2 A 1 A 0 1 x x x I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O ,, :,,,, A/ D,, 48

55 3 I/ O,, 3. 7 u( t), u * ( t) 3. 7,,,,,,, ( ) fmax, f 2 fmax, u * ( t) u( t), f > 5 fmax : ( ) ( ),,,, :,,,,,,,,, : AD582 AD583 L F198 L F s n s 100ns TH S 0025 T H S 0060 T HC 1500 TH C n s 30ns SH A1144, 14 A/ D LF LF398 Ch, 3 Vi 8,, LF398, Vo Vi,, LF398, Vo 8 Vi 7,, 7,, 8 ; 7, V, L F398, T TL 49

56 2( offset) 3. 8 LF A/ D D/ A A/ D / ( ), A/ D, A/ D A/ D D/ A, D/ A, A/ D (1 ) A/ D,,, A/ D, A/ D A/ D 3. 9 A/ D SAR ( Successive Approximation Register) D/ A, D/ A Vf Vin, SAR SAR,, SAR, CPU (2 ) A/ D A/ D : 1) ( ) A/ D,, ( SAR ) 50

57 3 I/ O 3. 9 SA R A/ D A/ D 0 5V, 8 A/ D, 00 H 0V, F F H 5V( 5 000mV), A/ D 5 000mV/ mV ; 12 A/ D, 000 H 0V, FF F H 5V,,12 A/ D 5 000mV/ mV,, 3. 98V 4. 0V, A/ D ( ) ( ),, A/ D,,, LSB( Least Significant Bit),, LSB 1/ 2 2) A/ D A/ D A/ D 100 s 3) A/ D A/ D,, A/ D 4), A/ D A/ D 5), 6) ( ) ( ) (3 ) A/ D A/ D,,,, 51

58 1) 8 A/ D ADC0809 ADC0809 NSC, 28 8, 100 s ADC ADC0809 : ADC ADC0809 IN7 IN0 : 8 D7 D0 :,, D7, D0 S TAR T :, ns, SAR, A/ D EOC:,,, EOC OE :,,, C B A :,, A , IN0 IN7 CBA = 011, 3 ; CBA = 110, 6; ALE :, ; ns, CLK: Vcc = + 5V, 1 280kHz,, 50 s 640kHz, 100 s 52 RE F + RE F - :,, RE F -, RE F + + 5V 2) 12 A/ D AD574A AD574A 12,, 25 s

59 3 I/ O,,,, AD574A : Vc c :, + 12V + 15V VEE :, - 12V - 15V VL OG IE :, + 5V RE F OU T :, + 10V RE F IN : AC: DC: 10VIN : V 20VIN : V BIP OF F:, - 5V + 5V AD574A DB1 1 DB0 :, DB11, DB0 CE : (, ) CS: (, ) R/ C: / ( ),, 12/ 8 : ( ), 12, A0 8 4 A0 ( ),, A0 AD574A 12, A0 AD574A 8, 12/ 8, A0, 8, A0, 4 ; 12/ 8, A0 CE CS R/ C 12/ 8 A AD574 A CE CS R/ C 12/ 8 A V

60 AD574A,, (a) ( b) (a), V, 13 9 ; V, 14 9 R1 ; R2 ( b), - 5V + 5V, 13 9 ; - 10V + 10V, 14 9, R1, R AD574 A ( a) ( b) A/ D (1 ) A/ D A/ D,, A/ D A/ D, : A/ D,,, A/ D A/ D, A/ D, A/ D CPU, DMA, CPU, ; DMA,, A/ D,,,, A/ D / (2 ) A/ D A/ D CPU A/ D, A/ D CP U ;, A/ D A/ D, A/ D 54

61 3 I/ O CP U : A/ D CPU A/ D,, A/ D,, CPU A/ D ;, CPU, A/ D CPU,, I/ O CP U I/ O,, A/ D,, CP U,,,,, A/ D (3 ) A/ D 1) AD574A CP U( PC ) AD574A, CPU AD574A 12 8 D0 D7, 4 4 (D7 D4 ), 4 (D3 D0 ) 0,, 12/ 8 AD574A CPU ) ADC A CP U AD574 A CPU A/ D, A/ D CP U ( ) ;,, CP U ADC A CP U 3. 15, 8255A : 8255A Intel, CP U ( A/ D D/ A ) ( ) 8255A

62 3. 15 ADC A CPU A 8255A CP U I/ O,,, 8255A 3 : ( ), / / DMA, A A B 0, A, C ( PC7 PC4 ), ALE STAR T, CP U, PC0 PC3 EOC OE, ADC0809,, CP U PC7 ADC

63 3 I/ O CPU A, ES DS, E S DS 8255A 2C0 H 2C3H A PPR: PROC NEAR MOV CX, 8 CLD MOV BL, 00 H ; 0 BL LEA DI, DATABU F ; A/ D NEXT : MOV DX, 02C2H ;8255A C DX MOV O UT AL, BL DX, AL INC DX ;8255A DX MOV AL, B ; PC3 = 0 O UT DX, AL ; A/ D N OP N OP MOV AL, B ; PC3 = 0 O UT DX, AL DEC DX ;8255A C DX N OS TA : IN AL, DX ; ( EOC ) PC7 TES T AL, 80H JNZ NOS TA ; PC7 = 1,, N OEOC: IN AL, DX ; PC7 = 0, A PPR TES T AL, 80H ; JZ NOEOC ; PC7 = 0,, MOV DX, 02C0H ; PC7 = 1,, A IN AL, DX ; 8255A A STOS DAT ABUF ; A/ D INC BL ; LOOP NEXT ;8, RET ENDP D/ A ;8,, D/ A 0 10mA 4 20mA 0 5V 1 10V (1 )D/ A D/ A

64 1, ;,,,, ( ) 8 D/ A, ; 1 c B, 69, 64 c + 4c + c, D/ A D/ A, D/ A, / ( I/ V ), / ( I/ V ) (a) / ( I/ V ), R C, W V0 ; ( b ) / ( I/ V ),, I1 R2 V 1, F R2 0 5V, A0, : V0 R2 [ 1 + ( R4 + W2 )/ R1 ] (c) / ( I/ V), R1 C1, V1 V2, A B C 180 V1 V2, 0 10mA V1 V2,, 0 5V V0 (2 )D/ A D/ A : 1) ( ) ( 1, 0 ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( ),, 8, 0 5V, mV 2) D/ A, ;, / ( ),, 58 = I1

65 3 I/ O ) D/ A, D/ A, D/ A, 4) D/ A,,,, D/ A,, D/ A, ns s, D/ A, D/ A 5) D/ A, D/ A BCD D/ A, D/ A, D/ A T TL, D/ A CMOS P MOS 6),, 59

66 , ma ma ;, 10V, 30V (3 ) 1) DAC0832 DAC0832 CMOS 8 /, 20 D/ A T DAC, 8, T TL 1 s DAC DAC0832 : DI0 DI7 : 8, DI0, DI7 ILE : ( ) CS:, ILE WR1 WR1 : 1 ( ), CS ILE, WR2 : 2 ( ), XF ER, DAC XFE R: ( ), WR2 Iou t1 : 1, 1,, VR E F 0,, Iou t2 : 2, Iou t1, Iou t1 + Io ut2 Rfb :,,, D/ A VR E F :, - 10V + 10V 60 Rf b

67 3 I/ O VCC :, + 5V + 10V A GND: DG ND: DAC DAC, LE1 LE2 LE1 = 1, ; LE1 = 0, LE2 DAC, ILE, CP U OU T, CS WR1, LE1 = 1, 8 ; CP U, CS WR1,, LE1 = 0,,, WR2 XFER, LE2 = 1, DAC, WR2 XF ER DAC,, DAC0832,,,, DAC0832, CS WR1 WR2 XFE R, ILE, 0832,, D/ A, DAC0832,, EPROM ROM, DAC D/ A D/ A,, ( a) ILE + 5V, CS XFE R, WR1 WR2 WR 0832, WR,

68 D/ A D/ A, D/ A,, D/ A :, CP U D/ A, ;, CP U D/ A, D/ A DAC, D/ A, ( b ), D/ A, ;, 3 D/ A XF ER ; WR WR1 WR2, CP U, WR 2) D/ A AD7226 AD AD7226 4, A B C D A1 A0 CP U WR A1 A0, AD AD7226 WR A 1 A DACA DACA DACB DACB DACC DACC DACD DACD 62

69 3 I/ O 3) DAC1210 DAC D/ A, T TL 1 s + 5V + 15V, + 25V - 25V DAC DAC D/ A ( CP U) A/ D CPU, D/ A CP U D/ A CPU, , G AL I/ O GAL (Generic Array Logic),,, GAL PAL ( P rogrammable Array Logic ) CPLD ( Complex Programmable Logic Device) FPGA ( Field Programmable Gates Array) A/ D CP U, CP U, CP U D7 F4 GAL20V8, IS ADC0809 EOC GAL20V8, F8 PC IRQ2 63

70 3. 23 PC A/ D D/ A 3. 5, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ,,, LS138 / 74LS244, , 8 8 : 1A1 1A4 2A1 2A4,8 : 1Y1 1Y4 2Y1 2Y4 1G, 1G 64

71 3 I/ O 3. 24,1Y1 1Y4 1A1 1A4 ; 2G, 2G, 2Y1 2Y4 2A1 2A4 1G 2G, 1Y1 1Y4 2Y1 2Y4 74LS244,, 74 LS241, 74LS245, T TL,,, L244,, ;,, / ,,,,, T TL ( 0V 5V ), ( 0V 0, 1V 1 ),,,, ,,,, LS138,, 8D 74LS373, 8,, ( 1D 8D) 8 ( 1Q 8Q) 65

72 3. 26 ( a) ( b) (c) (d) (e) ( G OE) G, D ; OE, Q LS373 G OE D Q X Q0 X 1 X Z 66

73 3 I/ O , Q0 ( Q ), Z, X LS Intel ,,, ( 74 LS164 ), LS373,,,,,,,,, OC ( ), T TL 3. 29,, / 8253, 3( ), 8098 ( HSO) ( PWM) : ( ) ( ), :,, 67

74 3. 29 (a) T T L ( b) , : A/ D, 3. 31, ; A/ D (, ) ; A/ D ( 5V) ; ; A/ D 68

75 3 I/ O :, A/ D ; : :12 A/ D AD574A LF398 CD4501, I/ O 8255A :8 ; 12 ; A/ D 12 s; 0 10V ; : 1) ( V0 V7 ) 8255A C PC0 PC2, PC0 PC2 = 000, V0, PC0 PC2 = 011, V3 AD574A, S TS = 0, ( LF ), L F398 69

76 2) A/ D 8255A C PC4 PC6, AD574A A/ D, PC6 = 1, PC5 = 0, PC4 = 0, AD574A CE = 1, CS = 0, R/ C = 0, AD574A, S TS = 1, ( LF ), LF398 3) A/ D PA7, S T S, S TS = 0, 4) 8255A A B 12 A/ D 8255A 2C0H 2C3 H, 8255A, BU F 8 : ADA PROC CLD LEA DI, BU F ; MO V BL, 00 H ; CE = 0, CS = 0, R/ C = 0, MO V CX, 8 ADB: MO V DX,2C2H ; 8255A C MO V AL, BL OU T DX, AL ; NOP ; NOP OR AL, 40 H ; CE = 1, CS = 0, R/ C = 0 A/ D OU T DX, AL AND AL, 0DF H ; CE = 0 OU T DX, AL MO V DX,2C0H ; ; 8255A A 70 P ULL : IN AL, DX ; PA7 TES T AL, 80 H ; S TS JNZ P ULL ; S T S = 1, MO V AL, BL ; S T S = 0, OR AL, 10 H ; R/ C = 1, MO V DX,2C2H ; 8255A C OU T DX, AL OR AL, 40 H ; CE = 1 OU T DX, AL MO V DX,2C0H ; 8255A A IN AL, DX ; 4 AND AL, 0F H MO V A H, AL

77 3 I/ O ADA INC DX IN AL, DX ; 8 S TOSW ; INC BL ; LO OP ADB ; 8 MO V AL, 38 H ;, CE = 0, CS = 1, R/ C = 1 MO V DX,2C2H OU T DX, AL R ET ; ENDP , : D/ A V/ I, , D/ A ; ; D/ A D/ A,,,, DDC 0 5V 0 10V 1 5V 0 10mA 4 20mA, V/ I V/ I ZF2B20 AD ZF2B20 V/ I ZF2B20 V/ I 0 10V, 4 20mA,, 10 32V,, ZF2B20 V/ I, ( a ) 0 10V 4 20mA ; ( b ) 0 10V 0 10mA ZF2B20 71

78 3. 35 / , (, ),, ADC0809,,, / 4049, DAC0832,, 3. 7 I/ O I/ O,,,,, I/ O, 72

79 3 I/ O I/ O,, I/ O,,,,,, ,,,,,, :, ( ),,,, :,,, I/ O, I/ O (1 ),,,, (a), Us, Ud ( b ), ( ) Id, Id,, 50 H z, (2 ), I/ O,

80 3. 38 (3 ) A/ D, :,, (1 ), 1),, A/ D, db,, 2),,,, 3), 4 20mA, A/ D, V 4), I/ O, A/ D 5) I/ O,,,,, 50 H z,,, (2 ) : 74

81 3 I/ O (3 ) 1), 2) R,, 3. 39, ?? 3. 2??? 3. 3, , 5, A/ D 3. 4 CP U?? ( ) 3. 5??? 3. 6 DAC0832, 1, 00 H FF H,, 3. 7 ADC I/ O 3. 9 I/ O A/ D? I/ O?? , PC7 PC5, PC3 PC4,? 75

82 4, ( ),,,,,,,, D/ A, PID ( ), 70,,, :,, ( ) :,,, ( ) ( ) :,, ( ),, ( )

83 4 4. 1, B, B, ; A, A,, :,, D( z ),, ( Bode ), D( s),,,,,,,, 4. 1 PID e( t) u( t) 20,,, PID, PID PID, ( P ) (I ) (D),,,, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, PID, P ID 77

84 P ID,,, (1 ) P ID PID : u( t) = Kp e( t) + Ti 1 t e( t) dt + Td 0 de( t) dt ( 4. 1),, : U( s) E( s) = Kp Ti S + Td S ( 4. 2), Kp, Kp, Ti, Td :, ( 4. 1) t 0 n e( t) dt e( t) : d e( t) d t i = 0 e( n) - e( n - 1 ) T (4. 1 ) (4. 3 ) (4. 4 ) : u( n) = kp e( n) + T n e( i) + T i Td i = 0 T Te( i) ( 4. 3) ( 4. 4) [ e( n) - e( n - 1 ) ] ( 4. 5), T, e( i) u( i) e( i T ) u( i T ), i = 0, 1, 2,, n T T i Td, ( 4. 5 ) ( 4. 1 ), (4. 5 ) u( n) ( 4. 1) u( t) (4. 5 ), u( n) n + 3 3,, ; e( t), s,, 8MB (2 ) P ID,, (4. 5 ),, u( n),, (4. 5 ) : 78 u( n - 1 ) = kp e( n - 1) + T n - 1 e( i) + T i Td i = 0 T, n : [ e( n - 1) - e( n - 2 ) ] ( 4. 6)

85 4 u( n) = u( n) - u( n - 1) ( 4. 7) (4. 5 ) ( 4. 6) : u( n) = u( n) - u( n - 1 ) = kp e( n) - e( n - 1) + T e( n) + T i : Td T [ e( n) - 2e( n - 1 ) + e( n - 2 ) ] = Kp [ e( n) - e( n - 1 ) ] + Ki e( n) + Kd [ e( n) - 2e( n - 1) + e( n - 2 ) ] ( 4. 8) Ki = T Ti Kd = Td T, u( n) u( n) u( n), ( 4. 8) u( n), u( n) : :, ( 4. 8) : u( n) = u( n) + u( n - 1) ( 4. 9) u( n) = C0 e( n) + C1 e( n - 1 ) + C2 e( n - 2) (4. 10) C0 = Kp 1 + T Ti + Td T (3 ) C1 = - Kp Td T C2 = Kp, nt : (4. 11) (4. 5 ) : u( n) = Kp e( n) + T T i Td T n E ( n) = e( i) (4. 11) i = 0 e( n) + T T i Td E ( n - 1) + [ e( n) - e( n - 1) ] = T C0 e( n) + T Ti E ( n - 1) + C2 e( n - 1 ) (4. 12), : E ( n - 1) = E ( n - 2 ) + e( n - 1 ) (4. 13) ( ) u( n), E ( n - 2 ) PID,,,, 79

86 ,,, P ID, PID,,, PID, PID : (1 ) : U( s) E( s) = Kp 4. 3 (4. 14 ) Ti S + Td S 1 + Td S Kd (4. 14), Kp Ti Td ( 4. 1), Kd, Kd > 1 ( 4. 2 ),, ( ) 4. 3, : up ( n) = Kp [ e( n) - e( n - 1 ) ] (4. 15) ui ( n) = Kp T e( n) (4. 16) T i ( 4. 3 ) Kp Td de( t) d t : ud ( n) = TKp Td + Td : = Td Kd d ud ( t) d t (4. 15) ( ) ( ) : PID : + ud ( t) (4. 17) ud ( n - 1 ) + Kp Kd [ e( n) - e( n - 1) ] (4. 18) ud ( n) = ud ( n) - ud ( n - 1) (4. 19) u( n) = up ( n) + ui ( n) + ud ( n) (4. 20) u( n) = u( n - 1 ) + u( n) (4. 21) 80

87 4 (2 ) : U( s) E( s) = Td Kd K p Ti S S + Td S (4. 22) (4. 14) : : Td Kd d ud ( t) d t + ud ( t) = Kp e( t) + Ti 1 t e( t) d t + de( t) 0 Td dt : (4. 23) u( n) = C1 u( n - 1) + C2 e( n) + C3 e( n - 1) + C4 e( n - 2 ) (4. 24) u( n) = u( n - 1 ) + u( n) (4. 25) C1 = b1 b2, b1 = Td Kd T, b2 = 1 + b1 C2 = Kp b2 1 + T T i + Td T, C3 = - Kp b Td T C4 = Td Kp Tb2 PID, PID ( ) PID,,, 4. 2 PID,,, :,,,,,, P ID, (1 ) PID, ( ),,,,,,,,, 81

88 ( ),,,,,,20 70 : e e( n) e, PD ; e( n) < e, PID PD : (4. 1 ) : : up d ( t) = Kp upd ( n) = Kp e( n) + Td e( t) + Td de( t) d t e( n) - e( n - 1 ) T (4. 26) (4. 27) e, e,, e, e( n) < e PD, (4. 20) ui ( n) : : (2 ) upd ( n) = up ( n) + ud ( n) (4. 28) upd ( n) = u( n - 1 ) + upd ( n) (4. 29),,,, u( n) D/ A 12 D/ A, 000H F FF H, u( n) < 0, u( n) = 0; u( n) > FFF H, u( n) = F FF H,,,, (3 ) PID, ( ), : ui ( n) = Kp T e( n) (4. 30) T i,,,, 82, ( 20 ) 1 500,

89 = A/ D 12, Kp = 1, Ti = 15 s, T = 0. 2s ( ), up ( n) = 1 e( n),4 095 = e( n) = up ( n) Ti T Kp = ,,, A/ D D/ A, up ( n) Sk, Sk, Sk k = up ( j) (4. 31) j = 1 (4. 1 ),, r( n), c( n) e( n) = r( n) - c( n) (4. 32), :,,,, PID (a) (b ),, 4. 4 ( a),, :,,,,, 4. 4( b ), ( ),, 4. 3 PID PID,,,, PID 83

90 PID PID,,,, PID 4. 5 PID (3 ) ( ) ( 1),,,, :,,,,, PID, : 8051 PID 4. 5 PID 2 ( 2) P ID,,, Basic True Basic Fortran C C + + Visual C + + Delp hi PID ( ), PID, PID,,,,,, 84 PID PID

91 PID, PID,,,, PID,, PID (1 ) PID 1) kp, kp, kp,,,,, kp, kp,,, kp,,, kp : 2) Ti = 1 kp (4. 33) Ti,,,,,,, Ti 3) Td,,,,, Td, (2 ) :, ; 1 T1,

92 4. 2 P ID T i T d P PI PID T T T1 (3 ),,,, T2,, P ID Ti Td P PI PID T T T 2 [21] PID, [ 13 ] [ 20 ] 4. 4,, ( ),,,,,, :, 86

93 4, ( H z ),, : c( n), N,, : C( n) = 1 N c( i) (4. 34) N i = 1,, C( n) : e( n) = r( n) - C( n) (4. 35),, N, N, ,,, m, m,, ; m,, , n ( n ), n,, 4. 7,,, N,, N ( ), R( N ),, R( ( N + 1)/ 2 ),, [ 10 ],,, 87

94 ,,,,, 4. 5, ( ), x = f( y) (4. 36), y, x, 4. 8 : , (4. 37) T = a1 E + a2 E 2 + a3 E 3 + a4 E 4 (4. 37), T, ; E, mv : 0 T 400 ; 1 : a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = ,, P F : F = k P (4. 38), k,,, y x, y ( ),,,,,, ;, 4. 9,,,, A/ D y, A/ D : (1 ) x y,,, T 88

95 E (4. 37), ( ), ( ) : T = ( ( ( a4 E + a3 ) E + a2 ) E + a1 ) E (4. 39), ( ) ( ), ( x y, ), (, ), (2 ) y x (4. 36 ), : xi = f( yi ) i = 1, 2, 3,, N A/ D yi,, x i,,, 12 A/ D, 2 12 = 4 096, 4, = 16K, (3 ) ( ) : x y ( ), x y 4. 10, x y A/ D y,, 89

96 x, 4. 6,,, , 5 300m 3 / h, 300Pa 10Mpa,,, 4 20mA, 0 5V, A/ D, 12 A/ D 000 H FFF H,,, : (1 ) ( ), A/ D : Xx = ( Xm - X0 ) X0 ; Xm ; Xx ; N0 ; Nx Nm Nm ; Nx, N0 = 0, ( ) : - N0 - N0 + X0 (4. 40) Xx = Xm - X0 Nm Nx + X0 (4. 41) X0 Xm N0 Nm, ( ) : Xx = kn x + c (4. 42) ( ),, k c X0 Xm N0 Nm : , ABH = ( 171)D, N0 = 00H = ( 0 ) D, Nm = FF H = (255 ) D (4. 40) (4. 41) Xx = 936 (2 ),, 4. 11,, :, ;, 90

97 4 : f ( f 1 ( ) ) : ( Advance Process Control, ) P ID, ( ), PID, (, ),,,,,,,,, 20 60,,,,,,, 20 70,, ( ), 20 60,, 1978 Richalet ( Model Algorithmic 91

98 Control, MAC) 1980 Cutler ( Dynamic Matrix Control, DMC),, 30,,,,, (1 ),, ( ), ( ),,,, ( ),,,,, r( t), tn r( t0 ), r( t1 ),, r( tn - 1 ), r( tn ), r( tn + 1 ), tn + 1 = tn + T T,, (2 ), ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,, (3 ) :,,,,,,,, ( ) ; 92

99 ( Model Algorithmic Control, MAC), ( MAC),,, MAC MAC MAC, 4. 13, : g N = g( N T ), g1, g2,, gn,, : y( k + i) = gj u( k + i - j) (4. 43) j, y( k + i) = y( k T + i T ), u( k + i) = u( k T + i T ), k T + i T,, gn 0,, N = N ym ( k + i) = g j u ( k + i - j) (4. 44) j, ym, ym yp,, : g = [ g1, g2,, gn ] T k, y( k), C, : 93

100 yr ( k + i) = y( k) + [ C - y( k) ] 1 - exp -, it i = 1, 2, (4. 45), : P J( k) = wi [ yp ( k + i) - yr ( k + i) ] 2 (4. 46) i = 1, wi, yp P u( k), u( k + 1 ),, u( k + P - 1 ), : (1 ) (4. 44) ym yp yp ( k + i) = ym ( k + i) i = 1, 2,, P (4. 47),, 4. 12, - 1 ( ) ( ) : yp ( k + 1 ) = g1 u( k) + g2 u( k - 1) + + gn u( k N ) yp ( k + 2 ) = g1 u( k + 1) + g2 u( k) + + gn u( k N ) yp ( k + P) = g1 u( k + P - 1) + g2 u( k + P - 2) + + g N u ( k + P - N ), ( ), :, ( ) : u( k) = (4. 48) yp ( k + i) = yr ( k + i) i = 1, 2,, P (4. 49) yr ( k + 1 ) + g2 u( k - 1) + + gn u ( k N ),, P g1 (4. 50),,, [ 23 ] (2 ) MAC,, (4. 47) : yp ( k + i) = ym ( k + i) + e( k) (4. 51), e( k) k y( k) ym ( k) N e( k) = y( k) - ym ( k) = y( k) - gj u( k - j) (4. 52) j = 1, ( ), ( ), :, J1 ( k) = w1 [ yp ( k + 1 ) - yr ( k + 1 ) ] 2 (4. 53) ym ( k + 1 ) + e( k) = yr ( k + 1 ) (4. 54), ( ) (4. 44) ( ) ( ) : 94

101 4 N gj u( k j = 1 y( k) + [ C - y( k) ] 1 - exp N j) + y( k) - gj u( k - j) = j = 1 T (4. 55) a = exp T (4. 56) (4. 55) : u( k) = N N ( a - 1) y( k) + ( 1 - a) C + gj u ( k - j) - j = 1 j = 2 g1 gj u ( k j) = N - 1 (1 - a) [ C - y( k) ] + g N u( k - N) + ( gj - gj + 1 ) u( k - j) j = 1 g1 (4. 57) MAC, g1, g2,, gn N u ( k - 1),, u( k - N ) a C (Dynamic Matrix Control, DMC ), DMC: (1 ) N T, T, 2 T,, N T { a1, a2,, an } : a = [ a1, a2,, an ] T (4. 58), k, u ( ), k : y( k + i) = ai u( k) i = 1, 2,, N (4. 59), : k,, P : y 0 ( k + i/ k), i = 1, 2,, P 95

102 , k u( k), P : y ( k + i/ k), i = 1, 2,, P k M ( ) u( k), u( k + 1 ),, u( k + M - 1), k P ( ) : M P N :0 < M P < N y M ( k + 1/ k) = y 0 ( k + 1/ k) + a1 u( k) y M ( k + 2/ k) = y 0 ( k + 2/ k) + a2 u( k) + a1 u( k + 1) y M ( k + M/ k) = y 0 ( k + M/ k) + am u( k) + am - 1 u( k + 1) + + a1 u( k + M - 1 ) y M ( k + P/ k) = y 0 ( k + P/ k) + ap u( k) + ap - 1 u( k + 1 ) + + ap - M + 1 u( k + M - 1) : (4. 60) : y P M ( k) = y P0 ( k) + A um ( k) (4. 61) : y P M ( k) = [ y M ( k + 1/ k), y M ( k + 2/ k),, y M ( k + p/ k) ] T (4. 62) yp0 ( k) = [ y0 ( k + 1/ k), y0 ( k + 2/ k),, y0 ( k + p/ k) ] T (4. 63) A = a1 0 0 a2 a1 9 am am - 1 a1 ap a P - 1 ap - M+ 1 (4. 64) um ( k) = [ u( k), u( k + 1 ),, u( k + M - 1 ) ] T (4. 65), A P M, (2 ) P w ( k + 1), w( k + 2),, w( k + P + 1) : w( k) = [ w( k + 1), w( k + 2),, w( k + P + 1 ) ] T (4. 66) J( k) = [ w( k) - yp M ( k) ] T Q[ w( k) - yp M ( k) ] + um ( k) T R um ( k) (4. 67) Q R P M, um ( k) T R um ( k),, k, um ( k) ( um ( k) y P M ( k) ), ( ), u( k), u( k + 1),, u( k + M - 1) u( k), 96

103 4,, : f( x) x :, J( k) um, : 1: x = ( x1, x2,, xn ) T = M 2: J( k) um ( k) * ( k) = 0 (4. 68) n, M n, f ( x) = M x n x, M, f ( x) = 1 2 x f( x) T M x, x (4. 61) (4. 67), ( ) : = M x um * ( k) = ( A T QA + R) - 1 A T Q[ w( k) - y P0 ( k) ] (4. 69) M,,, ( ) :, P, u( k) = u( k - 1 ) + u( k) (4. 70) u( k) = C T um ( k) = d T [ w( k) - y P0 ( k) ] (4. 71) d T = C T ( A T QA + R) - 1 A T Q (4. 72) u( k),, ( ), (3 ), u( k),, y( k + 1 ) : e( k + 1) = y( k + 1) - y 1 ( k + 1/ k) (4. 73) : y c ( k + i/ k + 1 ) = y 1 ( k + i/ k) + hi e( k + 1 ) i = 1, 2,, P (4. 74) h1, h2,, hp,, P - 1 y 0 ( k + i/ k),,, k, y 0 ( k + i/ k), y 1 ( k + i/ k), 4. 15, : a1, a2,, an d 97

104 h1, h2,, hp,,,, [20] [ 23 ] [24] [ 25 ] DMC ? 4. 2, :

105 4 D( s) = 4. 3 : 1 s( s + a) D( s) = s 0.08 s, T = 1 s PID PID 4. 4, T? ??? 4. 7??? 4. 8 MAC DMC 4. 9 MAC DMC?? DMC y 0 ( k + i/ k), y 1 ( k + i/ k)? 9

106 5 ( ), PC,, PCs PCs, PCs ( ), PCs ,, : (1 ),,,,, DIY,,, (2 ), :, I/ O,, (3 ), DOS, Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows NT,,,,,, 100

107 5, Vis ual FoxPro Informix Oracle Sybase SQLServer; Excel Luto 123 ; ( HMI), I/ O ( ),,, : 1),,,,,, ( MTBF ), ( PLC), PCs PLC,,,,,, 2),, 3),,,, Intel 486 CPU PCs : 5.1 (1 ),, :, 19in ( 1in = 2.54cm ), 101

108 ;,, 5.1 I PC / 19/ 18 ISA/ PCI/ PICMG, 3 3.5in in, 20, : 177mm 482mm 640 mm ( ) (2 ),,, (3 ) ( ALL IN ONE),, CPU Pentium Pentium Pentium,, ( RS 232 RJ 45 ) ( IDE FDD ) RAM ( ), ( CR T LCD ), PC ISA STD VME VL PC 104 PCI Compact PCI S TD, PC ISA PCI (185 mm 122mm) (338mm 122mm), Compact PCI,,,, I/ O, (4 ),, 10 20,, ( ), I/ O,, ISA 5.2 (5 ), (6 ),, 102

109 5 (7 ),, (8 ) 101, : I/ O I/ O : ( ) ( ) ( RS 232 RS 485 RJ 45 ), ;, I/ O,,,,,, 5.3 PCs : DOS, Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows NT,,,,, 103

110 PCs,, 5.1.3, /, PC S TD VME MULT IBUS ; PC PC ( XT ) ISA( AT ) PCI PC 104 Compact PCI PC CP U Pentium Pentium MMX Pentium Pentium, ; STD CP U Pentium Pentium MMX 20 90, S TD, PC VME CP U Motorola M68000 M68020 M68030, ( Box PC) ( Panel PC) ( IPC) 5.4 Box PC,, Simatic Box PC mm 331mm 166mm ( ), Box PC MHz Intel Pentium 566MHz Intel Celeron,,, CD ROM, Super Dis k LS 120 Simatic Box PC USB ;, 1 P rofibu s/ TTY ; 5 PC 1 ISA PCI 2 Box PC,, Namur, Box PC, ( PDA ) Panel PC PC ( ) ( ),, Siemen s 670Panel PC 5.5 : All-in-one, CPU Int el Pentium 333M Hz Intel Celeron 300M Hz; 64MB 256MB ; 4.3GB 8.4GB; 3.5in 1.44MB; E thernet- ( 10/ 100Mbit/ s) ; PROF IBUS DP/ M PI- ( CP5611 ) U SB ; V AC 24V DC ; CDROM 104

111 5 5.5 Panel PC 5.6 IPC,, Panel PC I/ O, 5.6 EWS 843P, IBM PC/ A T, PC/ A T, EIARS-310C 19in 12.1 SVGA T F T LCD ( ), 7, NEMA 412, 5.2 PC PC PC XT ; PC PC S TD VME, PC (XT ) ISA( AT ) PCI PC 104 PC PC PC, PC( XT ) ISA( AT ) PCI ; PC 104 Compact PCI 5.2.1,, ( ), ( ) ( ), ;, 105

112 ,, : ( ) ( ),, : ( CPU ),,, ;,, : 1),, 2),,, 3),,, 4),, ;,, ,,, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ),, ;,, ( ), I/ O DMA,,,, DMA I/ O 106

113 5 (4 ), ISA 12V 5V, PCI + 5V + 3V,,, I/ O DMA 5.2.3, : (1 ),, M Hz (2 ) ,,, (3 ) ( ) ( ), MB/ s 8MHz, 8, 8MB/ s 33.3M Hz, 32, 133MB/ s (4 ), ( ),,,,,,,,, (5 ) ( ), (6 ), (7 ) : ( ) ( ) 107

114 (8 ),, (9 ),, PC/ ISA/ PCI (1 ) PC PC 1982 IBM IBM PC/ XT, 5 8 ( I/ O ),, IBM PC/ XT, PC PC 62,, A ( ) B PC 8088 CP U PC 8 20 ( 1MB) 4M Hz 4MB/ s 8 (2 ) ISA ISA( Industry Standard Architecture) CP U PC/ AT, 80386/ ;, Pentium CP U ISA ISA AT PC, ISA PC , 98 ISA ( 16MB) 8MHz 16MB/ s 8 (3 ) PCI PCI( Peripheral Component Interconnect ) ( ) 1992 Intel,, PCI,,, 5V 3.3V ; 33.3M Hz 66M Hz ; 32 64, PCI : 33.3MHz, 32, 133MB/ s; 66MHz, 64, 528MB/ s I/ O, CP U, PCI : PCI, PCI 5.7, H OS T- PCI, CP U PCI ; PCI 108 CPU PCI CP U,

115 5, Compact PCI 1994 PICMG( PCI Industrial Comp uter Man ufacturer s Group, PCI ) Compact PCI, c PCI, Compact PCI PCI, PCI ;, PCI, Eurocard c PCI : (1 ) PCI 1992 PCI, PC PCI, PCI, PCI, PCI,, PCI,, c PCI, PCI, (2 ) Eurocard Eurocard, VMEbus : 3 U 6U 3U Compact PCI 160mm 100mm, 6U 160mm mm c PCI IEEE IEEE , EMC, I/ O, LED c PCI IEEE I/ O, I/ O, Compact PCI,, 109

116 (3 ) c PCI,,, IEC 1076 PCI 2mm, 47, 5, 220 ( 15 ),, c PCI, c PCI 8, PC 4 PCI, 220 3U c PCI, PCI, ( 110 ) J1, ( 110 ) J2, 20 J1 J2 ( pin ), ( socket ) 32, 110 ( J1) U 3, 315 c PCI PC, PC,,,,,,, PC c PCI, c PCI c PCI,, I/ O, c PCI,, ( PC), M T TR ( ) PC,,, c PCI,,,, PC,,,, c PCI,, c PCI PC 104 PC 104 PC, PC 104, ( ) 110

117 5 5.8 Compacl PCI,,, ; CR T, LCD ; Windows 95/ 98/ 2000/ NT, ( ) PC 104, PC , 1992, PC PC, PC 104, 1992 IEE PC ISA, PC 104 IEEE IEEE PC PC 104 PC :, 90mm 96mm( 3.6 in 3.8in) ( ),, ( ), ( 64 40, 104 ) PC,, VLSI 6mA, 1 2 W PC 104 :, 5.9 PC 104, 111

118 PCI PC 104 PC PC 104 +, :, PC 104 +, FS TEK 6061C T PC ) 5.9 SCM/ SuperXT, : 16 NEC V30 CP U 16M Hz, 2MB, 2 PC ( RS232C 9V ),, 3 DMA 8 3 PC 0.1 W 2 32, 64K 1MBE PROM SSD, 2 288MB ( ), E 2 PROM ( ),, : + 5V 5% 1.35W, : PC 104 CPU 5.10 PC CPU 5.3 I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O, I/ O / : K 810 (1 ) K / 586,, PC K 810,, 6N137,,,, 112

119 5 85 (2 ) : 32 / 16 :0 5V ; 0 10V ; 5V ; 10V ; mv : 15V : 10M :90dB( G = 1 ) ; 110dB( G = 10 ) ; 130dB ( G > 100 ) : 1 ; 2 ; n A/ D : 12Bit A/ D : 10 s :50k Hz/ s : 0.2 % FSR( 1 ) A/ D : A/ D : A/ D : / : : 500V :5 W : : 0 40 ; : 40% 80 % R H ; : ( ) : = mm 109.2mm ( 8.7in 4.3in) (3 ) K 810 RC DC/ DC, , JP1 JP2 JP3,,,,, JP8, 5.11 AD620,, , AD : : JP4 JP5 : JP4 JP5 n : JP5 JP4 n, R1 4 :, G : 100, RG RG = 49.4k / ( G - 1 ) = 49.4k / ( ) = 499, RG = W2 + R14, W2 = 113

120 5.11 K 810, R1 4 = ( ) / 2 = AD1674 AD , / ( SH A) 10V 10 s, K 810 AD1674,, AD1674,, AD K N137, 20 kh z 50k H z,, K 810,,, K (4 ) 5.1, 32,, 100 H MOV DX, 100H ;

121 5 MOV CX, 32 ; MOV BL, 0 ; NEXT C H : MOV AL, BL O UT DX, AC ; BASE + 0 CALL DELAY ; INC DX O UT DX, AL ; A/ D, BASE + 1 DEC DX WAIT : IN AL, DX ; A/ D, BASE + 0 A ND AL, # 80H JZ WA IT IN AL, DX ; 4bit, BASE + 0 A ND AL, # OF H ; MOV A H, AL INC DX IN AL, DX ; 8bit, BASE + 1 MOV ES: [DI], AX ; INC DI ; + 1 INC DI ; + 1 INC BL ; + 1 LOOP NEXT CH 5.2 BASIC, 1 100, 300H 10 CLS 20 ADD = & H300 ; 30 CH = 0 ; 1 40 O UT ADD, C H ; 50 F OR T = 0 TO 99 ; 60 O UT ( ADD + 1),0 ; A/ D 70 I F IN P ( ADD) < = 128 T HEN 70 ; A/ D 80 DH = IN P( ADD) : D H = D H A ND DL = INP ( ADD + 1 ) 100 V = (D H DL) 10000/ 4096 ; 110 PRINT V ; "mv" ; 120 NEXT T 130 END 115

122 5.3 C, A/ D 32, # include" stdio.h" # include"dos.h" # include" conio.h" main ( ) { int ch; float value[32], tmp; int dl, dh, i, base ; clr scr ( ) ; / * */ / * */ / * */ / * */ base = 0x300 ; / * = 300 H */ for (ch = 0; ch < 32; ch + + ) { } } } outportb ( base, ch) ; delay( 3) ; / * */ / * */ / * */ outportb ( base + 1, 0 ) ; / * A/ D */ delay( 1) ; / * */ while(inportb( base) < 128) ; / * A/ D */ dh = inportb( base) ; / * 4bit */ dl = inportb( base + 1) ; / * 8bit */ value[ ch ] = ( ( dh & 0 xf) * dl)/ * 10000; for (ch = 0; ch < 32; ch + + ) { printf( "ch( % 2d) = %6d ( mv ) \ t", ch, (int) value[ch] ) ; if( ch%2 = = 1) printf( " \ n" ) ; getch( ) ; PC 6322 (1 ) / * */ / * */ PC 6322 ISA PC, CPU MS DOS Windows Unix LabView,, 116 (2 ) :4 (, )

123 5 ) : ( * ) :0 5V ; 1 5V ; 0 10V ( * ) ; 5V ; 10V :0 10 ma ; 4 20mA : 2 ( ) D/ A : DAC1232/ DAC0832 D/ A : 12 / 8 D/ A : ( ) * ( D/ A : 1 s ( ) : 100 s (12, ) D/ A : : 0.2 % FSR( 12 ) : 1 % FSR( 12 ) : 5 ma/ : + 15V : V : : : 500V : : 5V( 10% ) 0.8A, : 5V( 10% ) 1A : : 10 40, : 40 % 80 % R H, : ( ) : = mm 106.7mm (3 ) PC 6322 DC/ DC ,,, 4 TLP521 4, DAC1232/ DAC D/ A,,, DC/ DC + 5V, 15V, 1 500V (4 ) 5.4 D/ A1 D/ A4 0V 10V 3.333V 6.666V 2.000V 8.000V D/ A 0 10V 4 D/ A 1: BASIC 117

124 PC CLS ; 20 ADD = & H100 ; 100 H 30 DA H = ADD + 0: DAL = ADD + 1 ; D/ A1 40 F OR DA = 1 TO 4 ;4 D/ A 50 F OR I = 1 TO 6 ; 60 READ A ; 8 70 O UT DA H, A ; 80 READ A ; 4 90 O UT DAL, A ; 100 R EAD B ; 110 C = INP ( ADD + 0 ) ; D/ A 120 PRINT " TES T D/ A" ; DA ; " OU T " ; B; " V" ; 130 IF IN KEY = " " T H EN 130 ;, 140 NEXT I ; DA H = DA H + 2: DAL = DAL + 2 ; D/ A 160 R ESTORE ; 170 NEXT DA ; 4 D/ A 180 DA TA 0, 0, 0, 255, 240, ,85, 80,3.333, 170, 160, 6.666, 51,48, 2.000, 204, 192, END

125 5 2: C # include < stdio.h > # include < dos.h > # define Add 0 x100 main ( ) { unsigned int i, nout Value = 0; outportb ( Add, ( unsigned char ) ( nout Value& 255 ) ) ; while(1 ) { if( nout Value > = 4095 ) noutvalue = 0; for (i = 0; i < 4; i + + ) { while( (inportb (Add + 1 ) &0 x80 ) = = 0 ) ; outportb ( Add + i * 2, ( unsigned char) ( ( nout Value >> 4) & 255 ) ) ; while( (inportb (Add + 1 ) &0 x80 ) = = 0 ) ; outportb ( Add + i * 2 + 1, ( unsigned char ) ( ( noutvalue << 4 ) & 255) ) ; } inportb( Add ) ; noutvalue + = 8; } } 5.5 Windows 95/ 98, MicroSoft Visual Basic 6.0, D/ A 0 10V, Form, T imer1 : VB 6.0, Integer 16 P rivate Declare Sub A O6322Single Lib " pc6000.dll " ( ByVal nadd As Integer, ByVal ncha As Int eger, ByV al nvalue As Integer, ByVal DAMode As Integer) Dim AoOutV alue As Integer P rivate Sub Timer1_ Timer ( ) For n = 0 T o 3 Call AO6322Single( 256, n, AoOutV alue, 1 ) N ext n If AoOut Value = T hen AoOut Value = 0 Else AoOut Value = AoOutValue D/ A End If 119

126 End Sub I/ O RS 485,, I/ O 7067D 5.14,, : 7, 7067D 5ms 7067, LED I/ O / I/ O /,, I/ O,,,, RS 485 ( PC RS 232 RS 232 RS 485 ) CMOS,,,,, D D,,,,,,,, I/ O, 120

127 5, 5.1 PC?? 5.2, I/ O, 5.5 I/ O, 1

128 6, ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,, Distributed Control System, DCS, 20 70, :,, 60,,,,, 100, 1, 122

129 6 M TBF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1975 ( Honeywell) :, ; ( CRT ),, ;, CR T,, C : ( Computer ) ( Control) ( Communication) ( CRT ) 20,,, : ; ,,,, ( 123

130 ,, ),,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ; : I/ O ( ) ; ; : (1 ),,,, : ( ) ( ) ( ),, CR T : 1),, 124

131 6 2),,,, 3), 4),,, 5),, 6),, (2 ),,,, 8,,,,,, (3 ) I/ O, : ( ),,,, CP U I/ O, I/ O ; I/ O, 125

132 ,, ( ) ( ),, 6.2 H oneywell Honeywell 1975 TDC 2000, TDC 3000 TDC 3000 X T PS T PS Total Plant Solution, Honeywell, ( Con sistent Evolution),, Honeyw ell T PS 6.3 T PS TPS T PS :, 126

133 6 DH ( Data H ighway), Honeywell, TDC 2000 DH, 250k bit/ s DH 63 DH BC( Basic Controller) EOS ( Extended Operator Station) EC ( Extended Controller ) AMC ( Advanced Multifunction Controller ) MC( Multifunction Controller) D H H G( H ighway Gat ew ay) LCN UCN( Universal Control Network ), 5Mbit/ s UCN 32 UCN P M( Process Manager ) A PM( Advanced P rocess Manager ) H P M ( High-performance Process Manager ) LM ( Logic Manager ) UCN NIM (N etwork Interface Module) LCN T PS IOP ( Input Output Processor) H PM IO P 4, 10 LCN( Local Control Net work) TDC 3000, T PS LCN DH UCN, LCN 20 D H UCN LCN, 5Mbit/ s LCN 40 LCN, LCN 64 LCN LCN AM ( Application Module) SAM ( Scan ner Application Module) HM( History Module) CLM ( Communication Link Module ) EP LCG ( Extended P LC Gateway) PLC E PLCG PLC LCN UCN 75 2 km, LCN 300m, UCN 700m PIN( Plant Information Network ) GU S( Global U ser Station ) P H D( Process History Database) APP ( Application P rocessing Platform ) LCN, T PS Windows NT, A X M U X S U NIX LCN PINM, LCN DEC VAX Honeywell Uniformance,,,, Uniformance T PS,, Uniformance U niformance, 127

134 , Uniformance Uniformance P H D, P H D, T PS,, Uniformance G US 6.3 Foxboro I/ A S I/ A S ( Foxboro) I/ A S ( Intelligent Automation Series ), DCS I/ A S, I/ A S 1987 Foxboro Unix, Windows N T 60 Unix Windows NT, SQL Informix, C Fortran, MA P 6.4 I/ A series, I/ A series

135 6 (1 ) : : IEEE802.4 ( MAP ) : : Token Passing :10Mbit/ s : ( 15 km) 64 (2 ) : : IEEE802.4 ( MAP ) : : Token Passing :5Mbit/ s : ( 1.2km ) (10km) 64 (3 ) : : IEEE802.3 ( E thernet) : : CSMA/ CD :10Mbit/ s : 30m, 300 m/, 64 (4 ) : : IEEE1118 : : CSMA/ CD :268 kbit/ s : 10m, 1 200m/, : 1 800km 24, 64, I/ A S 4 : AP ( Application P rocessor ) WP ( Workstation P rocessor) CP ( Control P rocessor ) COMM ( Commu nication Pro- 129

136 cessor ) FBM ( Field Bu s Module) FBM A P : ( ) AP51 : Micro SPARC RISC32 CU P; M RAM ; CDROM 4 ; SCSI E thernet A P51 16 WP 30 CP WP CR T WP51 : Micro SPARC RISC32 CP U ; 16 48M, RAM ; CDROM; SCSI E thernet, AP CP10 : CPU ; 896kB RAM CP10 48 FBM, :0.1, 300 CP30 : CP U ; 4M RAM CP30 64 FBM, :0.1, CP40 :80486 CP U ; 4M RAM CP40 64 FBM, :0.05, 2 000, 6.5 Bradley 6.5 CP, : 760/ 761 Allen- PLC Modicom PLC Spectrum I/ A S SU N Solaries ( U NIX) Windows N T, I/ A S, : FoxView FoxDraw FoxAlert, Foxboro ( Optimizer ),,, ( Optimizer ), 130

137 6 ( Mathematics Library) 170 ( Physical Property Library), 6.4 JX 300X JX 300X, E S ( Engineer Station ) OS ( Operational Station ) CS ( Control Station) SCnet JX 300X ( BCU) JX 100 JX 200 JX 300 ; ( CIU ) JX 300X PLC ; ( M FS ) AdvanTrol PIMS, ( Intranet), X 300X, DCS, ( SOE ) ; ( SCFBD) ( SCLD), ( ) C SCX, JX 300X ( 30M HZ Philip s P51XA ),, : CPU Windows 95/ NT, ; Ethernet,, JX 300X SCnet,, TCP/ IP IEEE802.3 SCnet 1 1, T CP/ IP :, 10Mbit/ s SCnet ( SWIT CH ), 100Mbit/ s, SCnet, SCnet 1 024, m I/ O,,

138 , SBUS 6 I/ O I/ O, I/ O 16 I/ O I/ O,,,, 6.5, ;,,,, 4, ( ) 4 4,,,, 60% 15% 10% 15 %,, :,, I/ O,,, CR T, CP U, ;, : (1 ) M TBF ( Mean Time Between Failures ) MTBF, 10 (2 ),, ; ;, 132

139 6 (3 ),,,, ( ) MT T R ( Mean T ime To Repair ), MT T R (4 ),, 6.5.2, : (1 ),,, Honeyw ell, ( open, yet secure) (2 ) ( ), ODBC ( Open Database Connectivity), (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ) ( I/ O ),,,,, (5 ),,,,, 3, 4, I/ O I/ O ( ), 133

140 6.5.3 :,,, 6.6 ( PLC, ),,, PLC,, P LC ( ), PLC,, , DEC P LC, PLC,,, 70,,,,, P LC PLC PLC 1987, :,,,,,,, 16 32, PLC, P LC PLC PLC, PLC,,,, P LC PLC ( CP U),

141 6 6.6 PLC (1 ) ( CP U) PLC,, P LC CPU CPU, P LC CPU,, CPU (2 ) P LC, P LC ( ROM ),, PLC P LC : RAM (3 ),, : ( ), PLC,, :,,,, 0 10V, V, 4 20mA,,, A/ D, A/ D A/ D P LC,, / P LC 135

142 , / ( D/ A ), (4 ) PLC, PLC,, P LC, P LC, PLC CPU PLC, CPU : PID PLC PLC (5 ) PLC,, 3 : 1), PLC, PLC :,,, PLC 2),,, I/ O ( ), P LC, P LC 3), PLC, P LC,, P LC 6.6.2, PLC : (1 ) P LC, ;, PLC (2 ),, P LC 136

143 6 (3 ) P LC PLC,, P LC, (4 ) P LC, PLC, (5 ) P LC I/ O LED, (6 ), (7 ), LED,, PLC P LC,, P LC, P LC :, P LC,,, (1 ) :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 137

144 ;, (2 ) ( ),,,,,, FX2 PLC, 6.1, :,,, 2, ; 20s,,, 1, ; 10 s,,,,, 6.8 4, 2 X0 X3, 1 2 X1 X2 ; Y0, Y1,, : 138 LDI X0 X0 ( ) O UT MC M0 N0 M0 LD X3 X3 ( ) OR Y0 OR T1, A NI A NI X2 Y1 O UT Y0 Y0, LD X2 2 OR A NI M2 T0 O UT T0 O UT K200 M2 20s LD T0,

145 6 6.8 OR Y1 A NI X1 A NI Y0 O UT Y1 Y1, LD X1 1 OR M3 A NI T1 O UT T1 K100 10s O UT M3 MCR N0 END P LC, 3 :, 6.9 (1 ) P LC,, 139

146 6.9 PLC P LC (2 ) P LC,,,,,, (3 ), PLC, P LC 3, ms, 4ms P LC,,,,,, P LC 3,, 4 : 6.6.5,,,,, P LC PLC,, (1 ) 6.10 NBS 6, P LC, 4, NBS, 140

147 6,,, PLC,, (2 ) 1) I/ O I/ O PLC P LC I/ O I/ O, P LC I/ O, I/ O 6.10 NBS I/ O,,, PLC CP U I/ O, CP U I/ O I/ O 2) I/ O I/ O, 6.11 P LC PLC I/ O, PLC, P LC, P LC 6.11 PLC I/ O, P LC, 3) PLC N P LC,, :,, ;,, ) 141

148 6.12 PLC PLC N,,, 5) N M M, N, N, 6) PLC,, 6.13,, 7) CSMA/ CD CSMA/ CD, / ( Carrier Sen se Multiple Access with Collision Detection ) 6.13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ) P LC 4 PLC 4 :, 142

149 6,,, :, PLC P LC, P LC, PLC, P LC, (2 ) PLC, RS 232 RS 422 RS 485,,, PLC, PLC P LC, PLC (3 ) PLC : COM PLC, 6.14 PLC, P LC,, 6.15, RS 422 RS PLC PC 6.15 PLC 143

150 6.7 A-B Allen-Bradley ( A-B ), ( Rockwell Automation ) :,, A-B, 6.16 A-B, 6.16 A-B PLC,, MA P/ MM S PI PI, ControlNet, DH + DH D H D H485, PLC ControlNet A-B PLC,, DeviceNet I/ O A-B P LC A-B PLC, 3 (1 ) PLC 5 A-B,, M TBF

151 6 I/ O I/ O I/ O kB (2 ) SLC 500 SLC 500 I/ O SLC 500 PLC: 22/ 30/ 40 I/ O 64 I/ O SLC 5/ 01 :, I/ O 960 4kB I/ O SLC 5/ 02 : kB, I/ O DeviceNet I/ O SLC 5/ 03 : kB SLC 5/ 02, P LC RS 232, ASCII DF1 ; 1761 NE T AIC DH 485 SLC 5/ ms, SLC 5/ 04 : kB/ 32kB/ 64kB SLC 5/ 04 SLC 5/ 03,, ( ms) SLC 5/ 04 D H + DH 485 D H +, SLC 5/ 04 SLC 5/ 04 SLC 5/ 05 : SLC 5/ 05 SLC 5/ 04, SLC 5/ 04 10Mbit/ s,, SLC 5/ 05 (3 ) ControlLogix P LC ControlLogix PLC A-B P LC, DCS P LC, ControlLogix ( I/ O ) ControlBus ControlBu s ( Producer )/ ( Consumer ) ( ), : PLC ; ( ) I/ O ; I/ O, ControlLogix Logix5550 Logix5555 : I/ O, CPU 12 8 I/ O( 4 I/ O) ;, 0.08ms/ k ;, 7.5MB, ControlLogix ControlLogix : I/ O, 16bit ; / ;, I/ O ; ;, ; ;, 145

152 6.7.2 A-B (1 ) ControlN et ControlNet, A-B A-B, ControlNet International Ltd, ControlNet, IEC61158 ControlNet : 146

153 6 1) ControlNet / / /, ( I/ O ) ( ) ( ) /,, 2) ControlNet, ControlNet 3) ControlNet, ControlNet, ControlNet, ( ), 4) ControlNet ControlNet, ( RG 6 ), ControlN et P LC,, ControlNet, Foundation FieldBus ControlNet, ControlN et P LC ControlNet : : ( ) :5Mbit/ s :1 000m( ) m( ) : / ( ) :99 :, I/ O : : / I/ O : ( Change-of-Stat e) ( ) :2 100 ms ( ) :16 :, / / : ( R6/ U ) 147

154 : ID (2 )Device Net DeviceNet Rockwell CA N, (, ), ; DeviceNet, DeviceNet,, DeviceNet,, DeviceNet, : Rockwell OMRON H itachi Cutter- H ammer Turck DeviceN et 300 1) DeviceNet DeviceNet kbit/ s 250 kbit/ s 500kbit/ s,, /, CAN, CA N, CSMA/ NBA ( Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Non-destruction bit wise Arbitration ), ( 16A), 2) DeviceNet, DeviceNet / DeviceNet, DeviceNet 64 MAC ID ( ) I/ O, I/ O ) DeviceNet DeviceNet DeviceNet /,, 8A ( ) 148

155 6, CA N 4) DeviceNet DeviceNet,, ODVA (, Open DeviceNet Vendor Association) DeviceN et ( )Device Net ODV A, DeviceN et ODV A China DeviceNet DeviceN et Device Net CAN /, DeviceN et / ( Master/ Slave Developer s Kit ),, Huron N et Work s ( ww w.huronnet.com), Pyramid Solution s, Inc ( HMS Industrial Network s AB ( ODVA ODVA ( (3 ) I/ O I/ O I/ O ( Universal Remote I/ O Link ) A-B PLC I/ O P LC( ) I/ O PLC I/ O I/ O, PLC ( ) PLC 6.17 I/ O 6.17 I/ O I/ O I/ O, PLC, I/ O I/ O,, ; A-B : P LC P LC PanelView 1771 I/ O I/ O 6.1 I/ O 149

156 6.1 I/ O PLC 5/ xx 1771 ASB RediPANE L SN 1747 ASB Pa nelview 1395 VME 1791 Block Dataliner 1794 ASB 1794 ASB DCM I/ O 1770 CD, I/ O, 6.2 I/ O / ( kbit s - 1 ) / (m ft - 1 ) / / / / (4 )D H + A-B ControlNet, D H + PLC ControlNet DH + : PLC CNC RS 232/ RS 422, DH + P LC P LC 5 PLC 3 PLC 2 DH +, D H +, D H +, D H +,, 1.5ms, 38m s DH + 64,, 16, 1770 CD, 3 048m, 56kbit/ s 150

157 6 6.8 Siemens Siemens ( Siemens) PLC, Siemen s A-B Siemens PLC S3, Siemen s SIMA TIC S , Siemens SIMATIC S7 ( S7) S7, S5 S7 S7 400 S7 300 S7 200 (1 ) SIMA TIC S7 400 SIMATIC S7 400,,, 6.18 S7 400 PLC, : 6.18 SI MA TIC S ) ( PS ) (120/ 230V AC 24VDC), 2) ( CP U) CPU, PROFIBU S-DP, : CP U CPU 3) I/ O ( SM), 151

158 4) ( CP ) 5) ( FM ) 6) ( IM ) ( P LC ) S S7 400,,, S7 400 CPU, 0.08 s S7 400 : : CP U417 4 :2MB( 10MB) :2MB( 10MB) DI/ DO :128K AI/ AO : 8K :0.1 s : MP I/ PROF IBUS/ (2 ) S7 300 S7 300 PLC,, S7 400, S7 400 PLC, S7 300 S7 300 : : CP U314I FM :32kB :48kB DI:20 DO: 16 AI:4 A O: 1 : s : MP I/ PROF IBUS/ S7 300, Siemen s S7 300c, S7 300 S7 300,, S7 300c : : CP U313c / : 32 kb DI:24 DO: 16 AI:4 152

159 6 A O: 2 :0.1 s :120 mm 125mm 130mm (3 ) S7 200 S7 200 PLC, ( CPU ) : 196mm 80mm 62 mm, 700g I/ O 71.2mm 80 mm 62mm 46mm 80mm 62mm, 200g S7 200 I/ O, Siemens Siemen s Siemen s ( TIA : Total Integra ted Automation),,, SCADA,,,,,, : 6.19 SIMA TIC NE T,,,,,,,,, 6.19 SIMATIC NET, PROF IBUS-DP 7, AS I 153

160 6.8.3 AS I (1 ) AS I AS I AS-Int erface,, AS I ( ON/ OFF ), Siemens AS I, : CP CP2433 CP (2 ) AS I AS I, I/ O, P LC PC AS I ;, PROFIBU S DP FMS Interb us s VME bu AS I, 5ms (3 ) AS AS : ; / ;, ;,, ;, ; I P20 I P67 ;, ;, OMRON OMRON PLC, :, P LC P LC 6.20 OMRON P LC, P LC, ;, PLC ; I/ O,, P LC, H ost Link,, HostLink : RS 232 RS 422 PLC PC-Link,, PC-Link, :, 4 154

161 OMRON PLC : I/ O PLC PC-Link PC-Link, PLC PC-Link A P LC, A ; PLC PC-Link, P LC, P LC PLC, P LC I/ O I/ O I/ O : I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O I/ O PLC, I/ O I/ O I/ O, 6.9.2, PLC,,, FP 155

162 PLC PLC,, T CP/ IP,,, P-Link W-Link H-Link, MEW TOCOL I/ O, I/ O 6 PLC : C-NET F-LINK( I/ O ) P-LINK H-LIN K W-LINK F P 6.21 PLC,, P LC TCP/ I P, PLC H- Link P- Link W- Link C-NE T F- Link / ( Mbit s - 1 )

163 6 H- Link P- Link W- Link C-NE T F- Link / km (0.2) RS 422 RS 485 RS 485 RS ,? 6.3? , 7

164 7, ,,,,,, 0 10mA 4 20mA 1 5V,,,,,,,, ;,, 20 80,,,, I/ O ( PLC),,,,,, 158

165 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.1.2, ( Inter net) ( Intranet),, Intranet, ;,,,,,,,,, : CA N ( Controller Area Network) PRO FIBUS ( P rocess Fieldbu s ) FF ( Fieldbus Foundation, ) LONWORKS ( Local Operation Network ), 159