Castration Complex Slavoj Žižek 2 The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis Antigone Atè 3 the limit 2 Slavoj Žižek, Di

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1 17 Journal of Theater Studies DOI: /JOTS * 前言拉岡解析悲劇安蒂岡妮所使用的基本架構 The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud René Descartes Oedipus Rex Oedipus Complex * NSC H Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, ed. Jacques-Alain Miller (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1978), p

17041 * 前言拉岡解析悲劇安蒂岡妮所使用的基本架構 The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of

2 Castration Complex Slavoj Žižek 2 The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis Antigone Atè 3 the limit 2 Slavoj Žižek, Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism? (New York: Verso, 2002), p misfortune atrocity -42-

Atè 3 the limit 2 Slavoj Žižek, Did Somebody Say

3 of human 4 Atè 注意到觀眾在劇場中經歷 Atè 有一大部分是來自於一種視覺的觀看, 而非單純來自一種觀念上的抽象領悟, 拉岡提到 Atè 涉及到安蒂岡妮的影像與這種終極界限之間的關係安蒂岡妮的影像 (image) 一方面讓歌隊失去冷靜也驅使歌隊逾越一切規範安蒂岡妮的影像也出現在我們眼前, 5 Atè 6 4 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , ed. Jacques-Alain Miller, trans. Dennis Porter (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1992), p

像也出現在我們眼前, 5 Atè 6 4 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960,

4 central image 7 Charles Shepherdson Of Love and Beauty in Lacan s Antigone 8 Borromean Knot the Imaginary the Symbolic the Real Charles Shepherdson, Of Love and Beauty in Lacan s Antigone, Umbr (a): A Journal of the Unconscious (1999):

the Real 7 248 8 Charles Shepherdson, Of Love and Beauty in

5 gaze -45-

6 一拉岡對安蒂岡妮文本的符號系統閱讀一種悲劇英雄的倫理 9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Creon 人的法則神的法則 Phänomenology des Geistes sittliches Bewußtsein Zufälligkeit 9 Immanuel Kant good Critique of Practical Reason the good will ought universalizability categorical imperative -46-

sittliches Bewußtsein Zufälligkeit 9 Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 good Critique

7 10 handelndes Bewußtsein J. W. Goethe G.W.F. Hegel, Phänomenology des Geistes (Hamburg: Meiner, 1988), p Tara Beaney Beautiful Death: the Nineteenth-century Fascination with Antigone Novalis Friedrich Schlegel Sophocles Friedrich Hölderlin Rainer Maria Rilke Friedrich Nietzsche -47-

11 9 12 Tara Beaney Beautiful Death: the Nineteenth-century Fascination with

8 1832 Johann Peter Eckermann a little piece of the Real the thing philia 16 Hellenism Tara Beaney, Beautiful Death: the Nineteenth-century Fascination with Antigone, Opticon (2009). DOI: /dx.doi.org/ /opt [accessed 15 December 2014] Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , p Philia Philia -48-

1826 0.7 (2009). DOI: http:// /dx.doi.org/10.5334/opt.070902 [accessed 15 December 2014].

9 eros 17 philia eros Ismene Atè Atè eros eros Philia 18 Sophocles, Antigone (Delaware: Prestwick House, 2005), p Sophocles, p Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , pp

10 21 Atè Atè jouissance 22 Marquis de Sade second death nothingness

11 Atè sublime limit zone 25 Atè Atè Achilles Ajax Electra Hercules Philoctetes Jean-Pierre Vernant Atè

12 Atè 26 Atè Jean Pierre Vernant, L individu, la mart, l amour (Paris: Gallimard, 1989), p. 43. Charles Shepherdson, Of Love and Beauty in Lacan s Antigone, p

13 28 desire to know 29 Atè 28 Slavoj Žižek, Looking Awry: an Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture (Cambridge. Mass: MIT Press, 1991), p Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , pp

14 二拉岡慾望凝視 gaze 中影像的中介 -54-

15 30 凝視正是主體在客體身上所期望所欲望看到的, 但主體所看到的卻並非客體的性質 reflexive Richard Boothby Zeuxis Parrhasios 31 Richard Boothby, Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan (New York: Routledge, 2001), p

16 32 proto-object objeta Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, p hole Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, p

33 hole 1959-1960 1959-1960 34 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar 35 83

17 影像讓主體在其中發現小對體的痕跡, 但卻又無法讓主體真正擁有小對體 37 the screen 38 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, p Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, p

18 Antonio Quinet 三精神分析作為劇場批評模式的可能悲劇影像的意義 39 Antonio Quinet, The Gaze as an Object, in Reading Seminar XI: Lacan s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p chorus The Plague of Fantasies Slavoj Žižek, The Plague of Fantasies (London; New York: Ver so, 1997). -58-

Psychoanalysis (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p.140.

19 the eye the gaze the drive 41 Atè Atè 42 beauty 43 也是這個光彩將劇場觀眾從一般的觀看轉化為精神分析意義下的凝視, Jacques Lacan, The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, p Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , p Richard Boothby, Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan, p

20 fantasy Atè Atè Atè 45? signifying structure Dylan Evans, An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis, New York: Routledge, 1996, p. 62. 從幻見的角度所突顯的就是文本的符號系統已經有某個部分被扭曲成一種真實層臨現的狀態 46 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , p

21 the sublime 47 presence of the Real encounter with the Real Slavoj Žižek, Looking Awry: an Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture, p. 33. Žižek, p. 33. speech act theory symbolic ritual -61-

22 49 拉岡的分析方法與傳統評論家不同, 不是僅從作為符號結構的劇本角色劇情設定等出發, 還能提供從劇場所帶來的活生生影像出發, 進而回頭去追溯劇本中符號結構的意義 50 四拉岡理論下希臘悲劇的滌淨效果 Atè Poetics catharsis 51 Žižek, p Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , p Aritotle, Poetics (New York: Hill &Wang, 1961), p

23 ( 此效果對亞理斯多德而言, 是希臘悲劇眾多審美特質中, 最足以造就城邦政治和諧的重要特徵 ) Critique of Judgement purposiveness without purpose signifier of a limit 52 Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis , p

24 55 the gravitational field of the Thing Alenka Zupančič The Splendor of Creation: Kant, Nietzsche, Lacan arch-gesture 56 S1 the phallus 在拉岡觀念中美的影像對我們的驅力而言, 同時造就了慾望的禁制和慾望的滿足, 美的影像所驅動的凝視, 一方面隔絕保護我們與原欲物的關係, 防止我們直接面對原欲物的恐怖, 避免了對我們的情感再次造成無可彌補的傷害, 但另一方面美的影像和抽象符號最大的不同是, 美的影像依然容許我們繼續保持與原欲物的關聯, 使得原欲物可以在其中顯現而讓觀者獲得滿足 transgression Philippe Van Haute the meaning world Alenka Zupančič, The Splendor of Creation: Kant, Nietzsche, Lacan, Umbr (a): A Journal of the Unconscious (1999):

25 57 representation 結語拉岡精神分析轉化為戲劇及劇場批評模式 57 Philippe Van Haute, Death and Sublimation in Lacan s Reading of Antigone, Levinas and Lacan: The Missed Encounter, ed. Sarah Harasym (Albany: State University Press, 1998), p

26 (1) (2) 首先精神分析的解讀可以是對戲劇文本的解讀, 在這種戲劇文本解讀當中, 精神分析要探索的是戲劇文本符號結構和作為隱藏在戲劇世界象徵層當中真實層黑洞之力量, 造成戲劇文本符號系統扭曲干擾之意義 ; 精神分析可以透過分析觀眾在劇場當中的視覺驅力, 說明黑洞與符號結構之交錯關係在劇場中臨現 (presence) 之時, 觀眾欲望的運作迴路, 或者凝視經驗的來龍去脈 Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism? The Myth and Its Vicissitudes time of understanding moment de voir -66-

27 beautiful object phobic object elevated fetish 58 Jerzy Grotowski The Constant Prince Ryszard Cieslak Atè lack of being Slavoj Žižek, Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism?, pp Jacques Lacan, Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English, trans. Bruce Fink (New York: W. -67-

28 Atè W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2006), p

29 關鍵字 : 拉岡精神分析劇場批評模式劇場視覺驅力希臘悲劇英雄倫理滌淨效果 -69-

30 The Haunted Gaze and Desire in the Theatrical Visual Experience: Lacan s Antigone and the Mode of Theatre Criticism behind It Chen-tse WU Assistant Professor, Department of Chinese Drama, Chinese Culture University This paper aims at re-interpreting Lacan s discussion on Antigone from a theatrical perspective. In order to develop a comprehensive theoretical analysis, Lacan has examined ethical possibility in Antigone within the framework of psychoanalysis. Interestingly, it is found that Lacan s psychoanalytical discussion can be transformed into a mode of theatre criticism. First, in terms of the theatrical system of signification, Lacan s analysis differs from the traditional Hegelian discussion since he points out that Antigone represents a dimension of heroic ethics of Greek tragedy. Second, based on Lacan s visual theory, his discussion on Antigone can be viewed as a framework of analysis of visual experience of theatre. Significantly, this paper contends that linking Lacan s analysis of visual experience of theatre with his theory of desire will bring about a fresh angle for reexamining Aristotle s notion of catharsis. Keywords: Lacanian psychoanalysis the mode of theatre criticism visual drive of theatre ethics of the hero of Greek tragedy catharsis -70-

31 徵引書目 Aristotle. Poetics. New York: Hill &Wang, Beaney, Tara. Beautiful Death: the Nineteenth-century Fascination with Antigone. Opticon (2009). DOI: /opt [accessed 15 December 2014]. Boothby, Richard. Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan. New York: Routledge, Evans, Dylan. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge, Hegel, G.W.F. Phänomenology des Geistes. Hamburg: Meiner, Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar Book XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Dennis Porter. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, Quinet, Antonio. The Gaze as an Object. Reading Seminar XI: Lacan s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. Albany: State University of New York Press, Shepherdson, Charles. Of Love and Beauty in Lacan s Antigone, Umbr (a): A Journal of the Unconscious (1999): Sophocles. Antigone. Delaware: Prestwick House, Van Haute, Philippe. Death and Sublimation in Lacan s Reading of Antigone. Levinas and Lacan: The Missed Encounter. Ed. Sarah Harasym. Albany: State University Press, Vernant, Jean Pierre. L individu, la mart, l amour. Paris: Gallimard, Žižek, Slavoj. Looking Awry: an Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture. Cambridge. Mass: MIT Press, The Plague of Fantasies. London; New York: Verso, Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism?. New York: Verso, Zupančič, Alenka. The Splendor of Creation: Kant, Nietzsche, Lacan. Umbr (a): A Journal of the Unconscious (1999):

32 -72-

6-1-1極限的概念

6-1-1極限的概念選修數學 (I-4 多項式函數的極限與導數 - 導數與切線斜率定義. f ( 在的導數 : f ( h 對實函數 f ( 若極限存在 h h 則稱 f ( 在點可微分而此極限值稱為 f ( 在的導數以 f ( 表示 f ( f ( 函數 f ( 在的導數也可以表成 f ( 註 : 為了