1 : 17, ( Poecilia reticulata),,,, [ 3],, 3 4 [ 4], Fig. 1 system of P. reticulate, ,, [ 5-6 ],, 2 : [ 7-12 ], 1), ; 2), ( - 2),,, ( -

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1 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 10, No. 1 Feb., 2014 doi: / j. issn , 2 1 1,,, 1, 1 1, ( 1., ; 2., ) : ( Poecilia reticulata), 6 : ; ;,, 2 2 ;,, ;,, ; : ; ; : Q : A : ( 2014) Histology of female reproductive system and oogenesis process of guppy ( Poecilia reticulata) WANG Xiaoyan 1, 2, WANG Shasha 1, ZHAO Yuchao 1, LIU Yong 1, SUN Fan 1, GUO Enmian 1 ( 1. College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao , China; 2. Graduate College of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China) Abstract: To provide reference for seed breeding of guppy ( Poecilia reticulata), we investigated the histology of its female reproductive system and oogenesis process by light microscopy. Results indicate that the female reproductive system of guppy was made up of o- vary, ovum delivery ducts and cloaca. Oogenesis process of guppy experienced 6 stages: At Stage oocytes were mainly composed of oogonia. At Stage primary oocytes reached small growth stage with growth loop, yolk nucleus and one layer of follicular membrane. At Stage primary oocytes forming 2 layers of follicular membranes and egg envelopes reached great growth stage, and yolk granules began to accumulate. At Stage primary oocytes reached late phase with cell polarization and completely developed egg envelopes. At Stage oocytes matured and yolk granules condensed, vitelline foam almost distributing in the inner edge of cell membrane and follicular membrane shrivelling. At Stage atretic follicles were digested and absorbed into connective tissue by follicular cells. Key words: Poecilia reticulate; ovary; oogenesis,,, [ 1-2 ], : ; : : 2013 ( ) ; ( CX ) : ( ),, @ qq. com : ( ),, emguo2013@ 126. com

2 1 : 17, ( Poecilia reticulata),,,, [ 3],, 3 4 [ 4], Fig. 1 system of P. reticulate, ,, [ 5-6 ],, 2 : [ 7-12 ], 1), ; 2), ( - 2),,, ( - 3) (,,, ; ) (,, ; ) ( ( - 4) ) 10 Bouin, 24 h, ( - 5), ( 6 8 m), H-E Nikon YS100, Nikon E ( ; 1 2 ) ( 1) ,, 2,,, 2, ( - 1),,, 1 Schematic diagram of female reproductive, ;, ; 2. 2 [ 13] I,, m;, ( - 1) , m;

3 南方水产科学 18 图版Ⅰ 第 10 卷孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构图( 标尺 = 100 μm) 1. 卵巢纵切 ; 2. 输出管纵切 ; 3. 卵巢内部输卵管纵切 ; 4. 卵巢外部输卵管纵切 ; 5. 肛门和泄殖孔切面 ; Ov. 卵巢 ; Bl. 膀胱 ; In. 肠道 ; OD. 输卵管 ; SB. 鳔 ; OC. 卵母细胞 ; OG. 卵原细胞; EC. 上皮细胞 ; Sp. 精子 ; Cl. 泄殖孔; An. 肛门 PlateⅠ Microstructure of female reproductive system of P. reticulata ( bar = 100 μm) 1. longitudinal section of ovary; 2. longitudinal section of output tube; 3. longitudinal section of oviduct inside of ovary; 4. longitudinal section of oviduct outside of ovary; 5. section of anus and cloaca; Ov. ovary; Bl. bladder; In. intestine; OD. oviduct; SB. swim bladder; OC. oocyte; OG. oogonia; EC. epithelial cell; Sp. sperm; Cl. cloaca; An. anus 环, 内外 2 层交界处可见有一嗜碱性卵黄核; 细胞 5) 卵包膜发育完善, 2 层卵包膜细胞之间有血管核内具核仁 2 10 个, 分布在核膜内缘卵母细胞分布( 图版Ⅱ - 6) 外围形成一层扁平滤泡细胞膜, 滤泡细胞呈梭形 ( 图版Ⅱ - 2) 椭球形, 卵径 μm, 细胞质中卵黄颗第 Ⅲ 时相该时相是进入大生长期的初第 Ⅴ 时相卵细胞发育成熟, 呈球形或粒凝结呈块状, 切片观察呈条带状分布; 卵黄泡主级卵母细胞胞体和细胞核体积明显增大, 卵径要分布于细胞膜内缘; 滤泡细胞膜萎缩( 图版 Ⅱ μm 早期卵母细胞质中开始出现细小的 7) 卵黄颗粒随着发展, 细胞质中形成了卵黄泡和油滴, 且随着细胞增长, 数量逐渐增多 ( 图版 Ⅱ - 不足以及第Ⅴ期成熟卵细胞未受精时都会形成闭 3) 中后期卵母细胞质中卵黄颗粒在核周围聚集, 锁卵泡被重新吸收退化吸收时, 滤泡细胞拉长分卵黄泡向细胞膜移动卵母细胞形成 2 层滤泡细胞裂, 分裂的细胞侵入卵子内部分泌液化酶, 消化和膜, 内层滤泡膜向卵母细胞质中伸出波浪状突起吸收卵子结构; 细胞内卵黄消失, 出现空泡( 图版滤泡细胞膜外方逐渐形成 2 层卵包膜卵包膜细胞 Ⅱ - 8) 逐渐整个卵泡萎缩减小成环层状结构( 图也呈梭形, 外层细胞比内层细胞更扁平 ( 图版 Ⅱ - 版Ⅱ - 9), 最后转变为卵巢内结缔组织 4) 第 Ⅳ 时相该时相为发育晚期的初级卵母细胞细胞体积进一步增大, 细胞圆形卵圆形 3 第 Ⅵ时相第 Ⅲ Ⅳ 期卵母细胞在营养讨论 3. 1 孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官结构特点或四边形, 卵径 μm, 卵黄泡逐渐向细与一般鱼类具有 2 个卵巢不同, 雌性孔雀鱼只胞膜移动卵母细胞除卵黄泡以外的大部分空间被具有 1 个卵巢, 这在某种程度上节约了体腔空间, 卵黄物质填充, 卵黄颗粒粗大, 染色深, 晚期一些可能是对胚胎体内发育的一种适应孔雀鱼卵巢没卵黄颗粒凝结成块状, 细胞发生了极化 ( 图版 Ⅱ - 有卵巢腔, 卵子成熟后在原来位置受精和发育, 至

4 第1期王晓艳等: 孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构及卵子发生的研究图版Ⅱ 19 孔雀鱼不同发育阶段卵子组织结构图( 标尺 = 100 μm) 1. 第 Ⅰ 时相卵母细胞 ; 2. 第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞 ; 3 4. 第Ⅲ 时相卵母细胞 ; 5 6. 第 Ⅳ时相卵母细胞 ; 7. 第Ⅴ时相卵细胞 ; 8. 第 Ⅵ时相卵细胞 ; 9. 闭锁卵泡 ; Ⅰ. 第Ⅰ 时相卵母细胞 ; Ⅱ. 第 Ⅱ时相卵母细胞 ; Ⅲ. 第 Ⅲ时相卵母细胞 ; Nu. 细胞核; YN. 卵黄核; GL. 生长环; AFM. 滤泡膜突起 ; FM. 滤泡膜 ; EE. 卵包膜 ; BV. 小血管 Plate Ⅱ Microstructure of oocytes in P. reticulata at different developmental stages ( bar = 100 μm) 1. oocytes at Stage Ⅰ ; 2. oocytes at Stage Ⅱ ; 3 4. oocyte at Stage Ⅲ ; 5 6. oocytes at Stage Ⅳ; 7. oocytes at Stage Ⅴ; 8. oocytes at Stage Ⅵ ; 9. atretic follicles; Ⅰ. oocytes at the Stage Ⅰ ; Ⅱ. oocytes at Stage Ⅱ ; Ⅲ. oocytes at Stage Ⅲ; NU. nucleus; YN. yolk nucleus; GL. growth loop; AFM. apophysis of follicular membrane; FM. follicular membrane; EE. egg envelope; BV. blood vessel [ 14 ] 大弹涂鱼 ( Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) [ 15 ] 仔鱼发育完全后才突破卵包膜通过卵子输送管产 lus) 出孔雀鱼卵子输送管由输出管和输卵管两部分构等卵生种类卵子发育过程中出现辐射带不同, 孔雀成, 这 2 种管道都有传送精子和输出仔鱼的作用鱼卵母细胞发生过程中卵膜比较薄, 没有辐射带的另外试验中发现输出管腔内有大量精子存在, 且雌出现这种结构是对体内受精和发育的适应, 较薄性孔雀鱼一次授精后可以进行多次产仔, 说明输出的卵膜有助于提高受精率管有贮存精子的功能; 同时输出管还有产生卵细胞 2) 卵黄的发生与积累和大多数鱼类一样, 的作用, 这可由输出管壁中有分化的卵细胞得到证孔雀鱼卵子卵黄发生过程也经过内源性和外源性 2 实个阶段, 其中第 Ⅱ 时相卵母细胞以内源性来源为 3. 2 孔雀鱼卵膜结构及卵子发生主, 这与在第Ⅱ时相出现卵黄核生长环和多个核 1) 卵膜结构卵膜结构随卵母细胞的发育而仁结构相符第Ⅲ及之后的各个时相卵母细胞以外发生变化, 鱼类卵膜结构的厚薄与其繁殖环境密切源性来源为主外源性卵黄是在雌激素的作用下由相关与纹缟虾虎鱼 ( Tridentiger trigonocepha- 肝脏首先合成卵黄前体物质, 然后经血液循环输送

5 20 10,, ( Gambusia affinis) [ 1 6] 3) female guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) [ 17],, ( Coreius guichenoti) [ 1 8],,, [ 1 9] [ 20 ] ;, ; [ 21],,, ( Gymnocypris namensis) [ 22],,,, [ J]., 2010, 34( 2) : , : [ J],. [ J] ( 15) : 89. [ 2],. [ J]., 2013 ( 5 ) : [ 3],. [ J]., ( 2 ) : [ J]., 2002, 26( 4 ) : [ 4]. [ J]., 2008, 11 ( 7 ) : [ 5] FRASER B A, WEADICK C J, JANOWIT Z, et al. Sequencing and characterization of the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata) transcriptome [ J]. BMC Genomics, 2011, 12( 1) : [ 6] AICH A, CHATTOPADHYAY B, DATTA S, et al. Impact of composite tannery effluent on the amino-transferase activities in a fish biosystem, using guppy fish ( Poecilia reticulata) as an experimental model [ J]. Toxicol Environ Chem, 2011, 93 ( 1) : [ 7] BORGA, SMUL T, BOLSTAD G H, et al. Interactions among [ J]. Ethology, 2012, 118 ( 8) : affect growth and reproduction [ 8] GUZ L, SOPINSKA A, ONISZCZUK T. Effect of Echinacea purpurea on growth and survival of guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) challenged with Aeromonas bestiarum [ J]. Aquac Nutr, 2011, 17( 6) : [ 9] MANDAL B, MUKHERJEE A, BANERJEE S. Growth and pigmentation development efficiencies in fantail guppy, Poecilia reticulata fed with commercially available feeds [ J]. Agric Biol J North Am, 2010, 1( 6 ) : [ 10],,. [ J]. :, 2012, 24( 3) : [ 11 ] BASSAR R D, FERRIERE R, LPEZ-SEPULCRE A, et al. Direct and indirect ecosystem effects of evolutionary adaptation in the trinidadian guppy ( Poecilia reticulata) [ J]. Am Nat, 2012, 180 ( 2) : [ 12] WILLING E M, BENTZEN P, VAN-OOSTERHOUT C, et al. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal population history and adaptive divergence in wild guppies [ J]. 2010, 19 ( 5) : Mol Ecol, [ 13]. [ M]. : 1993: [ 14],,. [ J]., 2009, 33( 2) : [ 15],. [ 16],. [ J]., 2008, 25( 3) : [ 17],. [ J]., ( 2 ) : [ 18],. [ J]. :, 2005, 27( 6) : , 901. [ 19]. [ J]., 1995, 8( 1) : [ 20],. [ 21],. [ J]., 2002 ( 2 ) : 25-31, 119. [ 22],. [ J]., 2011, 25( 1) : 1-13.

西南民族学院学报哲学社会科学版第卷资料来源中国统计年鉴年年新中国五十年统计资料汇编中国人口统计年鉴年数据资料来源中国统计年鉴中国统计出版社年版资料来源

西南民族学院学报哲学社会科学版第卷资料来源中国统计年鉴年年新中国五十年统计资料汇编中国人口统计年鉴年数据资料来源中国统计年鉴中国统计出版社年版资料来源郑长德教育的发展人力资源的开发是决定西部民族地区未来发展的关键因素之一是实施西部大开发战略提高其经济竞争力和综合实力的重要保障本文从西部民族地区教育发展的现状入手指出中华人民共和国成立多年来西部民族地区