Cygwin & vim

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1 Cygwin & vim Yu Hsiang Zheng (Slighten)

2 Outline Shell Cygwin vim 1/21

3 What is a computer 2/21

4 What is a computer 拿地球來做比喻的話 kernel: 地心 shell: 地殼 application: 房子各種建築物 shell = command interpreter = user interface shell 大抵上分兩種 GUI (graphical user interface, 圖形化使用者介面 ): Windows UI CUI (character user interface, 文字型使用者介面 ): sh, bash, csh, tcsh, ksh, zsh a.k.a. CLI (command-line interface, 命令行介面 ) 3/21

interface, 圖形化使用者介面 ): Windows UI CUI (character user interface, 文字型使用者介

5 Shell 的功能 User 透過在 terminal ( 像 cmd, Cygwin terminal) 上輸入指令 (commands),shell 直譯它, 並傳給 kernel,kernel 再驅動 hardware 4/21

6 Shell on different Systems 5/21

7 What can I do in a shell? 列出檔案 (file listing): ls 重新命名 (renaming, move A to B): mv A B 進入不同資料夾 (change directory): cd 創造資料夾 (make directory): mkdir 刪除資料夾 (remove directory): rmdir 編輯 (edit files with a text editor): vi, vim, emacs, nano 編譯組譯 (compile, assemble files): cc, g++, as, lcs 跑程式 (run programs):./a.exe,./a.out 登入其他 server (login to another machine, secure shell): ssh 查詢某個指令的輔助說明 (manual):man 6/21

夾 (make directory): mkdir 刪除資料夾 (remove directory): rmdir 編輯 (edit files with a text editor): vi, vim,

8 What is a command 其實是個執行檔 ( 在 /bin 裡 ) 格式 : 動詞 (+ 受詞 ) (+ 附加屬性 ) (+ 附加屬性受詞 ) (+ 附加屬性 ) (+ 附加屬性受詞 ) ls ls a ls abc/ ls a abc/ vim abc.cpp vim b a.exe g++ abc.cpp g++ abc.cpp o abc.exe 7/21

9 Basic shell commands % is a prompt % ls # list files % cd dirname # change directory % cd.. # go up one level % cd # go to home directory % mkdir dirname # make a directory % pwd # print working directory % more filename # look at a file % cat filename # dump file content 8/21

10 More shell commands % mv oldname newname # rename a file as newname, # or "moving" it to another location % cp file1 file2 # copy file1, call new one file2, or # copy file of same name to new loc % rm filename # remove a file % rmdir dir # remove directory 9/21

copy file1, call new one file2, or # copy file of same name to

11 What is Cygwin Linux-like (Unix-like) environment for Windows making it possible to port software running on POSIX systems (such as Linux, BSD, and Unix systems) to Windows. 簡單來說就是在 Windows 上的 Linux 模擬器 10/21

POSIX systems (such as Linux, BSD, and Unix systems)

12 Demo: Install Cygwin Minimally, it is recommended that you install g++ (C++ 編譯器 ) (Gnu Compiler Collection). Specifically, make - Develop > clang: C/C++/ObjC Compiler frontend based on LLVM Develop > gcc-g++: GNU Compiler Collection (C++) Develop > gdb: The GNU Debugger Develop > mingw-gcc-g++: GNU Compiler Collection (C++) Develop > make: The GNU version of the make utility vim (vi-improved text editor). it is at Editors > vim: Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor 11/21

Collection (C++) Develop > gdb: The GNU Debugger Develop > mingw-gcc-g++: GNU Compiler Collection (C++) Develop >

13 Text editors in Unix VI: (command-line) 純文字編輯器 (plain text editor), available in most CLI VIM: does 語法高亮 (syntax highlighting) EMACS: (command-line; also window) powerful programmable text editor 12/21

14 VI: modal editor modal 就是有模式 (mode) 的, 擁有幾種不同 mode 做切換像 Caps Lock ( 大寫 vs 小寫 ), Insert vim 有 2 種 mode 1. 命令模式 (Command mode) # 操作模式一開啟檔案 default 的模式 keys interpreted as commands move cursor, delete, copy/paste, i (insert), a (append), or o (open to) go into Insert mode 2. 插入模式 (Insert mode) # 打字模式 keys interpreted as data in document Esc to go back to Command mode 13/21

命令模式 (Command mode) # 操作模式一開啟檔案 default 的模式 keys interpreted as commands move cursor,

15 Basic vi commands in Command mode: h # left j # down k # up l # right w # skip a word forward b # skip a word backward i # insert (go to insert mode) Esc # back to command mode (with "escape" key, not typing E s c) G # 跑到頁尾 gg # 跑到頁首 14/21

insert (go to insert mode) Esc # back to command mode (with

16 More vi commands in Command mode: dd # delete one line d2d # delete 2 lines dw # delete word p # paste (deleted or yanked item) yy # "yank" a line (copy onto "clipboard") { # back paragraph } # forward paragraph. # repeat last insert / # find next pattern? # find previous pattern 15/21

line (copy onto "clipboard") { # back paragraph } # forward paragraph.

17 vi line commands in Command mode: :w # save :q # quit :q! # quit without saving :w filename # save to another file name :e # filename edit another file :set nu # show line numbers :set nonu # hide line numbers :set ic # case-insensitive search :set noic # case-sensitive 16/21

filename edit another file :set nu # show line numbers :set nonu #

18 Question: How do I save & quit? 1. :w then :q 2. or just :wq 3. or ZZ 17/21

19 vim: vi-improved New feature, including syntax highlighting more flexible cursor movements Syntax highlighting, do :syntax on or :syntax Multiple-undo and redo u undo, ^R redo 18/21

20 Custom file bash:.bashrc (shell script) vim:.vimrc 在執行 bash 前.bashrc 會先被載入想在執行 bash 時, 重新載入.bashrc 可使用指令 : source.bashrc 在執行 vim 前. vimrc 會先被載入所以基本上.xxxrc 都是使用者自定的設定檔 (rc == resource) 在 Linux/Unix 上,. 開頭的檔案都是隱藏檔需 ls a 才看得到 19/21

21 Some problems with vim 在 Insert mode 下, 可能不能 backspace 刪字需要在 command mode 打上這行解決 :set backspace=start,eol,indent 你可以在根目錄下創建.vimrc 寫在裡面這樣每次開起 vim 都會 OK 一樣, 若不喜歡每次開 vim 都要 :syntax on 或 :set nu 可以都把它們都寫在.vimrc 裡面 20/21

22 More materials 請參考周百祥教授寫的 Unix Guide with Vi Tutorial.pdf 21/21

像客样使命令行徐东

像客样使命令行徐东像客样使命令行徐东 1 1.1................................ 1 1.2................................. 3 1.3............................. 4 1.3.1 Linux............................ 5 1.3.2 macos............................