40 3 ( ) Journal of Jilin University( Earth Science Edition) Vol. 40 No. 3 May , 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1 1., , , :,, 4

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1 40 3 ( ) Journal of Jilin University( Earth Science Edition) Vol. 40 No. 3 May , 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1 1., , , :,, 4 ;, ,22,, : ;;;; ; ; : P ; P :A : (2010) Classif ication, Description and Interpretation of the Volcanic Products : Ancient and Modern Examples from China WAN G Pu2jun 1, YIN Chang2hai 2, ZHU Ru2kai 3, YAN Lin 3, BIAN Wei2hua 1, HUAN G Yu2long 1, WU Yan2xiong 1 1. College of Earth Sciences, J ilin Universit y, Changchun , China 2. Ex ploration & Development I nstitute, Daqing Oil f iel d Com pany L t d., Daqing, Heilongj iang , China 3. Pet roleum Ex ploration and Develop ment I nstitute of Pet rochina, B ei j ing , China Abstract : The volcanic p roduct s in China were classified into 4 gro up s including lava, p yroclast2 bearing lava, tep hra and t uffites, according to the research on the ancient volcanic rocks of the Songliao basin in Cretaceous and the J unggar basin in Carboniferous and also on the Quaternary volcanoes like Changbai and Wudalianchi. lat ter t wo by co mpactio n. : The former t wo gro up s are co nsolidated by cooling/ crystallizatio n and t he Thirt y fo ur essential lit hofacies/ int rafacies were f urt her subdivided and described in detail concerning t heir structure/ text ure, composition/ component, distribution and origin. Typical examples ancient and modern are presented in p hotograp hs related to each intrafacies. There are both sameness and difference between modern and ancient volcanic product s. Diversity of lavas such as coherent massive, columnar joint, welded, pillow and breccia can survive in the long geological history, becoming relatively more abundant in the ancient volcanoes. On t he ot her hand, p umice, aa and block lavas become less and less wit h time owing to t heir poor preservation because they are generally on top or edge of a volcanic succession and/ or wit h feat ures of being easily eroded and transported. For most : (2007CB209507,2009CB219303) :(1959 ),,,,,, Tel : ,E2mail edu. cn

2 ( ) 40 ancient volcanoes like t hose in t he Mesozoic Songliao basin, it is very common that eruptions are mixed pattern between the fissure and t he central, i. e. most single central vent s are associated wit h or ranged along some major fault s. Key words : So ngliao basin ; J unggar basin ; Cretaceo us Yingcheng Formatio n ; Carbo nifero us Batamayineishan Formatio n ; mafic and intermediate volcanic facies architect ure ; volcanic reservoir ; volcanic rocks 0 [1 ], Nault [8 ] () 19 [2 ],( ), (,),,, [325 ] Fisher and Schni2 mcke [2 ] 1, Cas and Wright [6 ] 1 Schnimcke [7 ], ( ) ([8 ] ) Table 1 Classif ication of volcanic products based on rheology and eruption style ( based on reference[ 8 ]) ( ) () () (/ ) (/ ) ( spatter (cinder cone) : ( composite cone) :, (explosion crater) : stratovolcano ) : ( phreatomagmatic eru2 ; ption) :, e, /,, x p ; () ; l,,,, o s, ( i,, v ) e,,,, e r,, u p t, i o () n ( pahoehoe (aa flows) : ( lava2block ( domes (pillow lava) : flows) :, flows) : and spines) :, e,,, f f u,, 3, s i ; ; :, v ;, e e, ; r, ; u p, t i o n 470

3 3,: (1 2), 1,,, ( ), Ma ;,,,,,,,,,, 2 2(2),,, 2 ( ) V H ( ) ( ) V/ H( ) [7 ] Fig. 2 Dimensions of lavas of different compositions [7 ] 1 ( ) ( ) [7 ] Fig. 1 Simple and compound lava flow [7 ] 2,,,,1 (2 ),,,,, [22223 ],, (),,,, 471

4 ( ) 40 2 Table 2 Classif ication, description and interpretation of the volcanic products in the sequence of diagenesis, intrafacies, composition, texture and origin ( (1) () ; (flood basalt or coherent < 10 %, ) lava massive lava/ flow ) ( A),,,, ;, ;, ;,,,, ; (2 ), ( ), (columnar joint) (, C), ; ; ;, ( ) (( ;, ;,;, 3 :, ) ( ) ; ), (3) (pillow lava) ( D),,, 10 m 24 m ; 1 m ;;, ;, ; (4) ( block lava) ( E) 3 : (a), (b) (),,, ; (c) ;(),/,,, ;; ( 5 ), (pahoehoe) ( F) ; ( ;) ;,, ( ) (6),4 : (a) 10 cm ( billowy flow) (2 m, G) 2 (b) 20 cm, ;, (c) 50 cm ( ), ( d) > 50 cm (7), ;, ( ) ;10 m, ;;,, : () ;;,,, 472

5 3,: 2 () (8) (obsidian) ( H) (9) (perlite) (10) (pitchstone) < 1 %, 3 % 5 %, (, 2 ) ;, 4 % 10 %,,;,, (),, ( ) /, ;,,;,, 23 m 20 (11) ( ) (,( ) m,;, (aa flows), ; 2 > 10 %, ) pyroclast2 bearing lava ( 12 ), (), (piled2up breccia) (;5 %,, I), (13) / (ignimbri2 () ( ),/ ; / te/ agglutinate),, ) (; ;3 : ; (; ( ) ;( ) (,,) ( ) ) (), ; ( (14) ( ), ( ) () J) cryptoexplo si2 ( ve breccia, ) (15 ),, (tectonic breccia) ( / / ;,, O), / ; / ; (16) ( bomb) ( M), ; > 64 mm ;, ;( N) (, ) ; (17) ( scoria/ > 1 g/ cm 3,,, cinder) ( M),, 5m ;, (18) (pumice) ( M), ; ; ; 1 g/ cm 3,,,,, (19) ( spatter) ( M),,,,, ( ) 473

6 ( ) 40 2 () (20 ) ( ash2 ( pyroclastic fall de2 fall) : 2 1/ 16, ;( ( po sits) ( L) mm < 1/ 16 mm ; 60 ) > ;,, 90 %, ; ) pyroclastic (21 ) ( pumice2 64mm, fall) : ; ;; ; ( > 10m),, ( ) (22) ( scoria2 > 64mm,, fall) : 2 < 5m ;, ; (23 ) ( scoria2,, 2, (pyroclastic flow de2 flow) : 2 ; ; ( po sits) ( K) ( 1 m) ), > 300, 100 m s - 1 ; ( 24 ) ( pumice2 flow) : ; ; ( 1 m),; (25), 2 (block and ; ash flow) :, ; ( 5 m) (26 ) ( ash2cloud ( pyroclastic surge depo sits) ( L) ; surge) :;,, (2), ; 1 m, ; (27) (base2surge) : U, ; 2 ; (,,, 10 cm),;2,,, 100, ( ), (28) (ground2surge) :, ;, 1 m,, 500 m s - 1 ; ;,, /, (29) accretionary lapilli : 264 mm, () ;, () (30) cognate lithic lapilli/ block :,5 % ;3 : (a), (b), (c) 474

7 3,: 2 () (31) ;,;, / ( monolitho2 logic lahar) (, ;,; 3 : (32) ),, (a),,( / ( heterolitho2 ( 1 mm1 cm,, ) ; (b), logic lahar) ; ; (c), / 90 % 50 %, ;, ;() ) tuffites, (33) 2 rock slide2avalanche depo sits :,, ; ;,,;,( ), ;,5 m, 200 m ;, 50 km, 240 km,, ;Lahar, ;80 %(80 %,,,, ) ;, lahar ;;; ;; ; ; ( ), (34), ;,, (), : :a. ;b. ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ;c. [ 1218 ], (aspect ratio) ;() ( 1/ 100),( ) ( 1/ 50),,;,, [19 ] [20 ] ( ) ( ),, ;,,, ( IU GS) [21 ] :(pyroclastic) 100 %75 %,(tuffites) 75 % 25 %,(epiclastic) 25 %0 %,,75 %(), ( ), 90 %50 % ( < 50 %),,,flow), ;, (flood basalt), [7, ], ( ) ( [1, 6 ] ),, 50 % [27 ], :,,,,, (coherent masive lava/ ; () ; 475

8 ( ) 40,, ( ), [28 ],, ( C) m ( twenty t housand leagues under t he sea) [8 ] :, (2/, 22 2) ;, [ 26 ], 22,, [29230 ] ;,, ( ), [ ] (), ;, ;,,2 2 2, < 10 %, ( 10 % ),,, :,,,, [30 ], Newberry [7 ] ; :,( H),,,, ;,, ( > 60 %),,,, 476 [32 ],,,, [6 ],, 2. 3 :,,,

9 3,: ) ;,, [ 36 ] 2. 5 ( pyroclastic flow), ( pyroclastic surge),,, ( nu e ardente) Cas and Writ hg [7 ] ( < 1 km 3 ),3 ;,,, 2,,2Schmincke [8 ] :, ( ground2hugging avalanche,,, ), (epiclastic debris (billowing cloud) 2, flow) Fisher and Schmincke [2 ],, [ 33 ], 2,, (,, ) ( (, ) ),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, [34235 ], 2. 4,, ( > 100 km),, (; ),,,( unwelded pyroclastic flow depo sit s) ;,/ ( ) ( () ( B) ) [24 ],, [34 ] 2,, [37238 ], (),; ( welded p yroclastic flow depo sit s, ignimbrite/ ( ) agglutinate), , :,( ( ) 477

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( 1) ; 6 5 [ 3 ] S1 S2 1 Fig. 1 Seismic sequence prof ile framework of Wuliyasitai Sag S1 () ( 2) S2 ( ) Ο 2 S1 Fig. 2 Sedimentary fa

( 1) ; 6 5 [ 3 ] S1 S2 1 Fig. 1 Seismic sequence prof ile framework of Wuliyasitai Sag S1 () ( 2) S2 ( ) Ο 2 S1 Fig. 2 Sedimentary fa 27 3 2006 5 ACTA PETROL EI SIN ICA Vol. 27 No. 3 May 2006 : 0253Ο2697 (2006) 03Ο0027Ο05 1 2 2 2 (11 610059 ; 21 062552) : 2 ; : ; ;; ;; : TE1111 3 : A Forming pattern and distribution features of hydrocarbon