GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformation Vol.37 No.3 May 2018 doi: /j.cnki.dzkq ,,,. McMurray [J].,2018,37(3): McMu

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1 GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformation Vol.37 No.3 May 2018 doi: /j.cnki.dzkq ,,,. [J].,2018,37(3): McMurray,,,, (, ) :, 9 ; 3,,, ;, - - McMurray : ; ; :TE121.3 :A : (2018) , 390~640m, 28~36 m) 1654 [1], (Athabasca) (Cold, Lake) (PeaceRiver)3,, km 2 ( 1),,, 82.2% [2-3], 80% ( 75 m) 1 (SAGD) 2, 1.1,, 2, 4~, 6m, [4-5] [8] SAGD, - [6-7],, (230 Barton [6] ~214 Ma),, McMurray, Hubbard [7] [9] [10], (, : : : (2016ZX05031); ( ) : (1990 ),, chen19613@petrochina.com.cn

2 3 : 93 1 Fig.1 LocationandstructuraldistributionoftheAthabascaoilsands 1.3, ( - 8km), Exshaw, Mannvile Exshaw [13] 67%, Mannvile, 10 m, Mannvile, Ⅱ,w (TOC) McMurray Clearwater 10%~20%, GrandRapids Mannvile, [19], JoliFou Peli-, can LaBiche ( 2-, b) [14] [15],, Boreal ( 3) [16], 3 [11] Grosmont/Nisku 1.2 McMurray Grand Rapids [17] 94% McMurray Wabiskaw, 6% Grand Rapids Tathlina, BowIsland [18] McMurray ( 1), km 2 0~500 m,, ( 2-a) [12] 2

94 2018 [20] Laramide, API, 2 (a) (b) Fig.

3 [20] Laramide, API, 2 (a) (b) Fig.2 Pre-cretaceousstructuremap(a)andverticalstratacolumn (b)ofathabasca 3 3 Fig.3 EasttoweststrataprofileofAthabascaoilsands ( 4),McMuray 3 [22] ( 3.1 ), - - ( 5) [23-24] ( 1) (1) 0 -, ~60m 5~10m, [21] -,, 30% F1 F2 F5 F7 F8, 3.2 :1, ;2

第３期陈浩等阿萨巴斯卡油砂下白垩统ＭｃＭｕｙ组沉积演化特征色蜡状碳酸盐岩Ｆ９和发育有植物根迹的薄层泥岩 ③ 浅水沉积的孢粉组合指示物缺乏生物扰动表１阿萨巴斯卡油砂储层发育主要岩相类型岩心直径７ｃｍＴｂｌ１Ｍｎｌｈｏｆｃｓｏｆｈａｈｂｓｃｏｌｓｎｄｓｓｖｏ９５２中段三角洲平原亚相沉积

２５ ② 泛滥平原微相泛滥平原沉积厚度小于３０ｍ侧向分布范围广超过１００ｋｍ２泥岩和砂岩交替发育虫孔发育但缺乏植物根迹孢粉学证据表明沉积受到轻微的咸水影响三角洲平原亚相沉积以岩相Ｆ２Ｆ３Ｆ５Ｆ７Ｆ８为主其主要特征为 ① 坝体充填冲积为向上变粗的泥岩和局部的植物

填所截断潮汐影响的河口湾相以岩相Ｆ２Ｆ３Ｆ４Ｆ６Ｆ７Ｆ８为主其主要特征为 ① 河道河口湾沉积包含大规模交错层理或块状层理分选中到差的砂岩 ② 中等强生物扰动透镜状层理潮坪砂泥岩倾斜薄互层ＩＨＳ ③ 极细细粒波纹纹层透镜状层理潮汐河道砂岩 ④ 薄层植物根迹盐沼泥岩 ⑤ 夹层

4 第３期陈浩等阿萨巴斯卡油砂下白垩统ＭｃＭｕｙ组沉积演化特征色蜡状碳酸盐岩Ｆ９和发育有植物根迹的薄层泥岩 ③ 浅水沉积的孢粉组合指示物缺乏生物扰动表１阿萨巴斯卡油砂储层发育主要岩相类型岩心直径７ｃｍＴｂｌ１Ｍｎｌｈｏｆｃｓｏｆｈａｈｂｓｃｏｌｓｎｄｓｓｖｏ９５２中段三角洲平原亚相沉积特征该段沉积整体厚度为４０ｍ且发育２个主要的微相 ① 分流河道微相分流河道微相底部发育冲刷面向上发育０５１５ｍ厚的槽状交错层理砂岩和厚达１５ｍ的交错层理倾角１０细极细砂岩细极细砂岩段内发育流水波痕和黏土充填的线状虫孔该微相为２０３０ｍ水深的曲流河侧向加积作用的产物２５ ② 泛滥平原微相泛滥平原沉积厚度小于３０ｍ侧向分布范围广超过１００ｋｍ２泥岩和砂岩交替发育虫孔发育但缺乏植物根迹孢粉学证据表明沉积受到轻微的咸水影响三角洲平原亚相沉积以岩相Ｆ２Ｆ３Ｆ５Ｆ７Ｆ８为主其主要特征为 ① 坝体充填冲积为向上变粗的泥岩和局部的植物根迹和薄层泥岩 ② 分流河道沉积发育交错层理细中砂岩分流河道的发育以河流改道和废弃为主 ③ 溢岸沉积为纹层状泥岩和黏土沉积夹有薄层的砂层和煤层３上段受潮汐影响的河口湾相沉积特征该段厚度为１５３０ｍ包含生物扰动发育黏土质砂岩和泥岩局部被河道充填所截断潮汐影响的河口湾相以岩相Ｆ２Ｆ３Ｆ４Ｆ６Ｆ７Ｆ８为主其主要特征为 ① 河道河口湾沉积包含大规模交错层理或块状层理分选中到差的砂岩 ② 中等强生物扰动透镜状层理潮坪砂泥岩倾斜薄互层ＩＨＳ ③ 极细细粒波纹纹层透镜状层理潮汐河道砂岩 ④ 薄层植物根迹盐沼泥岩 ⑤ 夹层的平行层理砂岩和生物扰动泥岩生物遗迹包括漫游迹Ｐｌｎｏｌｓ墙迹Ｔｃｈｃｈｎｕｓ石针迹Ｓｋｏｌｈｏｓ和沙栖石Ａｎｃｏｌｓ等咸水指示化石２６３３沉积演化图４阿萨巴斯卡ＭｃＭｕｙ组垂向地层露头据文献２４Ｆｇ４ＯｕｃｏｐｏｆＭｃＭｕｙＦｏｍｏｎＡｈｂｓｃＭｃＭｕｙ组为进积体系域的海陆过渡沉积体系包含陆相河流相三角洲平原亚相和潮控河口湾相沉积早白垩世阿萨巴斯卡处于由南向北倾斜平缓的构造背景之上沉积物供应充足北部由于临近Ｂｏｌ海海相沉积比南部更多因而地层上部为海洋进积的沉积产物主河流沉积系统呈漏斗状沿北北西南南东向主下切河谷低地发育主下切河谷在前白垩系层面上被上升的Ｂｏｌ海所淹没随着水体向南进积河口湾和咸水湾在阿萨巴斯卡矿区南部发育图６随着陆相沉积的不断后退河口湾不断发育沿着河口湾边缘咸水湾潮坪潮汐河道和垂向叠加河道也进一步发育前白垩系的不整合面最高处与图５阿萨巴斯卡ＭｃＭｕｙ组东西向沉积剖面Ｆｇ５ＥｓｏｗｓｄｐｏｓｏｎｐｏｆｌｏｆａｈｂｓｃｏｌｓｎｄｓＭｃＭｕｙ组最终沉积高度基本持平随后区块北面再次发生了大面积海侵作用Ｗｂｓｋｗ组区域连续的滨海砂岩直接沉积在ＭｃＭｕｙ组之上Ｗｂｓｋｗ组地层被Ｃｌｗ

5 ９６地质科技情报２０１８年图６阿萨巴斯卡ＭｃＭｕｙ组沉积演化Ｆｇ６ＤｐｏｓｏｎｖｏｌｕｏｎｏｆＭｃＭｕｙＦｏｍｏｎＡｈｂｓｃｏｌｓｎｄｓ组上部最大洪泛面时所沉积的海相页岩所覆盖况可以总结出油砂矿区在白垩纪过程中发育以海３４沉积模式根据阿萨巴斯卡油砂沉积过程中构造发育特侵过程为主的河流三角洲平原和潮控河口湾沉积征物源供给情况结合ＭｃＭｕｙ组地层发育情体系基于此分别建立了ＭｃＭｕｙ组下中上２７段地层的沉积模式图３７

3 : 97 7 McMurray ( [27] ) Fig.7 DepositionmodelsofMcMurrayFormation,Athabascaoilsands 4 (1),, troleum Geology,2016,64(2):166-198., Mc- Murray AAPGBuletin,2011,95(7):1123-1145.

6 3 : 97 7 McMurray ( [27] ) Fig.7 DepositionmodelsofMcMurrayFormation,Athabascaoilsands 4 (1),, troleum Geology,2016,64(2): , Mc- Murray AAPGBuletin,2011,95(7): , 90% (2) McMurray Petroleum Geology,1990,38(1): Boreal, 9, 2014,42(7): McMurray 3 (3) McMurray 3 belts[j].aapg Memoir,1992,55: , McMurray : [1],,,. [J]. LowerCretaceousMcMurrayFormation,Athabascaoilsands,,2016,43(6): Alberta[J].Sedimentology,1983,30(4): [2] KondlaD,SaneiH,ClarksonCR,etal.Highresolutionchar- [14]BenyonC,LeierA L,LeckieD A,etal.Sandstoneprovenance acterizationofacorefrom the LowerJurassic Gordondale andinsightsintothepaleogeographyofthemcmurrayforma- Member,Western CanadaSedimentaryBasin[J].Marineand tionfrom detritalzircongeochronology,athabascaoilsands, Petroleum Geology,2017,83: Canada[J].AAPGBuletin,2016,100(2): [3],,,. [15]PriceR A,MountjoyE W.GeologicstructureoftheCanadian [J].,2013,32(1): Rocky MountainsbetweenBowandAthabascaRivers:Apro- [4] GiacchetaG,LeporiniM,MarchetiB.Economicandenviron- gressreport[j].geologicalassociationofcanadaspecialpa- mentalanalysisofasteamassistedgravitydrainage (SAGD) per,1970,6:7-25. facilityforoilrecoveryfrom Canadianoilsands [J].Applied Energy,2015,142:1-9. [5] MukhametshinaA,HascakirB.Bitumenextractionbyexpan- dingsolvent-steamassistedgravitydrainage(es-sagd)with asphaltenesolventsand non-solvents[c] SPE Heavy Oil Conference.[S.l.]:Canada.SocietyofPetroleum Engineers, 2014:1-16. [6] Barton M D.Thearchitectureandvariabilityofvaley-filde- positswithinthecretaceousmcmurrayformation,shelalbi- ansandslease,northeastalberta[j].buletinofcanadianpe- [7] HubbardS M,SmithD G,Nielsen H,etal.Seismicgeomor- phologyandsedimentologyofatidalyinfluencedriverdeposit, LowerCretaceous Athabascaoilsands,Alberta,Canada[J]. [8] WrightG N,McMechan M E,Holter M E.Structureofthe WesternCanadasedimentarybasin[J].BuletinofCanadian [9] Blum M,PechaM.Mid-CretaceoustoPaleoceneNorthAmeri- candrainagereorganizationfromdetritalzircons[j].geology, [10]PorterJ W.Earlysurfaceandsubsurfaceinvestigationsofthe WesternCanadaSedimentaryBasin:Forelandbasinsandfold [11]CreaneyS,AlanJ.Hydrocarbongenerationand migrationin the WesternCanadasedimentarybasin[J].GeologicalSociety, London,SpecialPublications,1990,50(1): [12] HeinFJ,CoterilD K.TheAthabascaoilsands:Aregional geologicalperspective,fort McMurrayarea,Alberta,Canada [J].NaturalResourcesResearch,2006,15(2): [13] Mossop G D,FlachP D.Deepchannelsedimentationinthe [16]MossopG D.GeologyoftheAthabascaoilsands[J].Science, 1980,207: [17]HeinFJ,ParksK P,LeckieD A,etal.Foreword:Oil-sands andheavy-oildeposits:localtoglobalmultidisciplinarycolab- oration[j].buletinofcanadianpetroleum Geology,2016,64 (2):

7 [18]CutlerW G.StratigraphyandsedimentologyoftheUpperDe- voniangrosmontformation,northernalberta [J].Buletinof CanadianPetroleum Geology,1983,31(4): [19]FowlerM G,StasiukLD,Hearn M,etal.Devonianhydrocar- bonsourcerocksandtheirderivedoilsinthe WesternCanada sedimentarybasin[j].buletinofcanadianpetroleum Geolo- gy,2001,49(1): [20]TozerRSJ,ChoiAP,PietrasJT,etal.Athabascaoilsands: Megatraprestorationandchargetiming[J].AAPG Buletin, 2014,98(3): [21]BarsonD,BachuS,EsslingerP.FlowsystemsintheMannvile Groupintheeast-centralAthabascaareaandimplicationsfor steam-assistedgravitydrainage(sagd)operationsforinsitu bitumenproduction[j].buletinofcanadianpetroleum Geolo- gy,2001,49(3): [22]FlachP D,MossopG D.DepositionalenvironmentsofLower CretaceousMcMurrayFormation,AthabascaOilSands,Alber- ta[j].aapgbuletin,1985,69(8): [23] WynneD A,Wightman D M,Atala M.The McMurray/ Wabiskawoilsandsdeposit,Athabascaoilsandsarea,northern Alberta,Canada:Electronicdatabaseforresourcecharacteriza- tion[r].new York :UNITAR,1995. [24]FusticM,HubbardS M,SpencerR,etal.Recognitionofdown- valeytranslationintidalyinfluenced meanderingfluvialde- posits,athabascaoilsands(cretaceous),alberta,canada[j]. MarineandPetroleum Geology,2012,29: [25]LabrecquePA,JensenJL,HubbardS M,etal.Sedimentology andstratigraphicarchitectureofapointbardeposit,lower CretaceousMcMurrayFormation,Alberta,Canada[J].Buletin ofcanadianpetroleum Geology,2011,59(2): [26]GingrasM K,MacEachernJA,DashtgardSE,etal.Thesig- nificanceoftracefossilsinthemcmurrayformation,alberta, Canada[J].BuletinofCanadianPetroleum Geology,2016,64 (2): [27] MusialG,ReynaudJY,Gingras M K,etal.Subsurfaceand outcropcharacterizationoflargetidalyinfluencedpointbarsof thecretaceous McMurrayFormation (Alberta,Canada)[J]. SedimentaryGeology,2012,279: SedimentaryEvolutionoftheLowerCretaceousMcMurray Formation,AthabascaOilSands Chen Hao,HuangJixin,LiuShangqi,WuJunchang,SunTianjian (ResearchInstituteofPetroleum ExploitationandDevelopment,Beijing100083,China) Abstract:Basedondriling,cores,outcrops,loggingdataandpreviousregionalgeologicalstudies,this studyintendstorevealsedimentaryevolutionofthelowercretaceous McMurrayFormation,Athabasca oilsands.resultsindicatethatthereareninelithofaciesin McMurrayFormation.Thedepositionalenvi- ronmentsofsub-dividedthreelayersintheformationevolvefromfluvialtodeltaplain,andtoestuaryse- quence,whichindicatesatransgressivesystemtract.verticaly,fluvialanddelta-plaindepositsconstitute thelowerandmiddlestrata.thedepositsaresourcedfromtheeasternpartofthe WesternCanadianSedi- mentarybasin.fluvialdepositedalongthelongaxisofthebasinandstretchedinasouthtonorthorienta- tion.theuppersequenceisinfluencedbynorthwesttransgressionoftheborealsea.thefluvial-delta plain-estuarinesedimentarysystemisdistributedfromsouthtonorth.basedontheanalysisofsedimentary evolution,depositionalmodelsfordiferentlayersofthelowercretaceous McMurrayFormationinthe Athabascaoilsandsareestablished.Thisstudycanprovidenotonlyareasonablegeologicalbasisforwel design,butalsoonereferenceforexplorationanddevelopmentofsimilaroilandgasfields. Keywords:Canadianoilsands;LowerCretaceous;onshore-ofshoreenvironment;depositionalevolution

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