00 01 IIVHlI No41 BURAKULIBERATlONRESEARCHlNSTlTUTE ,Kuboyoshi,Naniwa-kUOsakaCity,SS6Japan JanuarylgSS Zg88: "ta juejqs Z ノ o 肋 cu njwj MZ

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1 00 01 IIVHlI No41 BURAKULIBERATlONRESEARCHlNSTlTUTE ,Kuboyoshi,Naniwa-kUOsakaCity,SS6Japan JanuarylgSS Zg88: "ta juejqs Z ノ o 肋 cu njwj MZDecZam o OTH 川川 Rig ノ its&20ma iwjqmwo mcb.l 庇.Ⅲ Let,sIntensiryOuIResearchActivitiesFoItheFutⅢe PlogI'esso 代 heburakulibeiationmovement l988isthe40thyearsincetheuniversaldeclara tionofhumanrightswasadoptedbytheunited Nations Thespiritofthetimesisworkingtowards peacethroughgradualabolitionofallformsofdi scriminationandtheestablishmentofhumanrights, whichshouldbeachievedthroughinternational solidarity Duringthese40years,manypeoplein differentareashavebeenmakinggreatprogressto meetthistask 〆 However,severediscriminationisby nomeansatanend:thereisstillapartheidinsouth Africa;andinAmericaandEurope,Neo Nazismis gainingground InJapan,amovementfortheenactmentofthe FundamentalLawforBurakuLiberationissweeping thenation,indicatingtheextenttowhichpublicopin iononthemovementforabolishingdiscriminationhas beenarousedbut,atthesametime,viciouscasesof discriminationhaveoftenoccurred,andtherehave beenincreasingassaultsontheburakuliberation movement,whichhastakenastandondemocracy WhenwelookatthetrendsinsideandoutsideJapan, wecangaugetheimportanceoftheuniversaldecla rationofhumanrightsandreinforceeffortstopub licizeit l988isalsothe70thyearsincethericeriots (KomeSodo)brokeoutinJapanTheNational Levelers'Associationwas,ofcourse,formedthrough thepublicfuroresurroundingtheseriots During these70years,therehavebeenmanydenunciationsof discriminationandthestruggleagainsttheadministrationhasbeencarriedon Asaresult,theBuraku problemhassomewhatimprovedtodayandtherange ofpeopleworkingonburakuliberationisgetting bigger WiththisimprovementasaspringbCard,we havetomakeanotherleaptowardsthe21stcentury: therearefourmainideaswehavebeenstrivingto realize. (1)ThedevelopmentofaBurakuliberationmove mentwhichholdsouttheclearprospectofthecom pleteliberationoftheburaku. Sofarourmovementhasbeenstrugglingover individualcasesofdiscriminationinordertoimprove thespecificsituationfromnowon,themovement willhavetobeonethatwillfreeburakupeople completely ThecampaignfortheFundamentalLaw forburakuliberationshouldbeonewhichclarifies ourobjectivesandmethodsinthecompleteliberation CONTENTS 仇 A"M ノ e/qs(zzyq/t UD HR& 11 カ A""jz ノ e' r ノ q/z 肋 B L バノ.α 剛 /MIDH ノ? A""/"clsZzryCMz ノ e"//o Smg αjos z 肋 (i2w Lj/c'nGyWD 戒 3(14 /7 ルノ " 蛇 γ'mio"α/sy osz""z o T/iefKSH 比ノロノ (151 7 肋 I>,ZP ノセ e" わ q/ me eγ わ "α/cb('e "tso 肋沈 α Rlig ノレノ <s 2m

2 趣 BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS oftheburaku ThefutureBurakuliberationmove mentshouldbeoneunifiedarounddenunciationof discriminationandanationwidemovementforthe enactmentofthefundamentallawforburakuliber ation. (2) ku districtsandthecampaignagainstdiscrimination Of DevelopmentofhousingontheoutskirtsofBura anykindagainstanyminorityinjapan. AlthoughtheBurakuliberationmovementhas beenprimarilyengagedinissuesspecificallyconcern ingtheburaku,todayourorganizationisexpectedto playanactiveroleindevelopingtheunderprivileged areasskirtingburakudistrictsandfightagainst minorityproblemsofanykindinjapanrecently, thecampaignstosecurelawsprotectingtheainuand permanentforeignresidentshavebeengathering momentum Thesecampaignsarecloselylinked withthemovementforafundamentallawforbura kuliberationthereisthedemandthattheburaku liberationmovementdosomethingtoimproveconditionsinareasborderingonburakudistrictsand activelyparticipateincampaignsofanykindtodo awaywithallformsdiscriminationinjapa. (3)ThecontributionoftheBurakuliberationmove menttointernationalsolidarity. Japanhasbeeninternationalizingthesedays However,thishasbeenmostlyintheeconomicand politicalsphere,andtheendtesulthasbeenone sidedlyinfavorofjapan Itisinevitablethatthere ヘ willbemoreoverseascriticism,makingitdifficultto avoidjapan,sisolationfromtherestoftheworld Whatisneededisinternationalizationinthearenaof humanrights Inthisrespect,thetaskassignedtothe Burakuliberationmovementconcerninghumanrights onaglobalscaleisverygreat Themovementhas beendoingwhatitcantostrengtheninternational solidarityoverthepastloyears InJanuaryl988,we formed ThelnternationalAnti Discrimination Movement,,withtheobjectiveofeliminatingall formsofdiscriminationthroughtheestablishmentofa U N-registeredNGO Thethreethingsweaimto achievethroughthisorganizationareasfollows: (a)abolitionofeverykindofdiscrimination,includ ingapartheid (b)establishmentofanasianhumanrightsinformationcenter. (c)strengtheningthecampaignfortheratificationof theinternationalcovenantsonhumanrightsin JapanandtheInternationalConventiononthe EliminationofAllFormsofRacialDiscrimination. (d)organizingacentralorganizingbodyandaprobe projectfortheresearchprogram. Backedupbysupportfrommanyquarters,the BurakuLiberationResearchlnstitutewillcelebrate the20thanniversaryofitsfoundinginl988 We wouldliketopledgetostrengthenacampaignwhich willmakerapidprogresswiththecooperationof activists,businessmen,researchersandmanyothers WerequestyoUouroverseasfriends,togiVeusyour fullcooperation. SgthUDHRAnniveISaIyC onventionstagedatosaka TheOsakaconventionforthecommemorationof the39thanniversaryoftheuniversaldeclarationof HumanRights(UDHR)washeldattheOsakaInternationalHouseHallonDec 0,1987.Thegathering tookplaceundertheauspicesoftheosakaudhr Liaiso Conference,withSweden'sKjellOberg,a memberoftheu.n CommitteeontheEliminationof RacialDiscrimination,astheguestspeaker More thanl,300peopleconcernedwithhumanrightsparticipatedinthemeeting AfterGenjiroYamaguchi,presidentoftheOsaka CityAssociationforthePromotionofEnlightenment 2

3 - 職 BURAKULIBERATIoNNEWS Mr Oberggivingalecture (OSAKA,Dec 10,,87) onhumanrights,hadcalledthemeetingtoorder, IwakichiWajima,representativeoftheLiaisonConference,gavetheopeningaddress Wajimaappealed totheaudiencetomakeasuccessofthemeeting, whichmarksthestartofafullyearofactivities celebratingthe40thanniversaryyearofudhr FollowingWajima,saddress,messagesofgreetingfromtheChairmanoftheCentralExecutive CommitteeofUDHR,theGovernorofOsakaPrefec tureandthemayorofosakacitywereconveyedto thegathering KenzoTomonaga,Secretary-Generalofthe BurakuLiberationResearchlnstitute,thenspoke Nothingthemassiveinternationalsurgeinhuman rightsmovements,heproposedthefollowingob jectivesastargetsofimmediateconcernforhuman rightsactivistsinjapan:theratificationwithout reservationofthelnternationalcovenantsofhuman Rights;theearliestfullratificationofthelnternationalConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof RacialDiscrimination;theestablishmentofanew internationalnongovernmentalorganizationworking forthepromotionofhumanrightswithitsheadquartersinjapan;andthecreationofaclearinghousefor humanrightsinformationonasiaandthepacific reglon Inordertoachievethesegoals,heemphasized, JapanmustbecomeanationWithasbiga surplus''in thebalanceofhumanrightsasthatwhichithas securedinitsbalanceoftrade Themuch-discussed "internationalization',ofthecountry,headded,will remainincompleteunlessjapancan internationlize,, itsstandardsinthearenaofhumanrights NextitwastheturnofKjellOberg,theday's mainspeaker,todeliverhisaddress Citingthe Americanblackcivilrightsmovementasanexample, Obergfirstemphasizedthattheenergyofthepeople workingtowardstheentrenchmentofhumanrights hadtobeorganizedifthedesiredresultsweretobe achievedsecondly,hesaid,japancouldexertgreat influenceontheworldhumanrightssceneifshe becameastatepartytotheconventiononthe EliminationofAllFormsOfRacialDiscrimination especiallygiven,ashenotedwithregretjapanand theu Saretheonlytwoworldpowersnottohave yetdoneso lnoutlininghisperspectivesontlieconvention, ObergaddedthatJapan'sminorities Burakumin, Koreanresidents,AinuandOkinawans willfall intothecategoryofgroupsbeingdiscriminated againstasdefinedbytheconvention HeexplainedthattheConventionbasically requiresstatepartiestotakespecialandconcrete measuresimprovingtheinferiorconditionsofthese groups,tolegallyprohibittheincitementofdiscriminationandtoadopteffectiveeducationalpol iciesandenlightenmentprojectstocombatprejudice Obergwounduphisaddressbyreferringto measuresbeingimplementedonbehalfminority groupsinhisowncountry,sweden:immigrant workersandotherforeignresidentsareacquiring votingrightsandtherighttostandasacandidatefor localpublicoffice,alongwithotherfreedoms Appealswerethenmadebyspeakersrepresenting minoritygroupsinjapan:masatotakahashi,secretary-generaloftheosakaburakuliberation LeaguePrefecturalFederation;GiichiNomuraPresi dentofthehokkaidoutari(ainu)association;and ProfKimDongHung,theRepresentativeoftheOsakaLiaisonCounciltoCombatEthnicDiscrimination Theyurgedintensifiedeffortstosecuretheear liestpossibleenactmentofthefundamentallawfor BurakuLiberation,theLawontheAinuRaceandthe FundamentalLawforForeignResidents all crucialtoimprovetheactualpredicamentofthese groupsandtoeliminatediscriminationagainstthem Theyalsocalledforthe internationalization',of humanrightsawarenessinthegovernmentofjapan 3

4 趣 BURAKULIBERATION andeveryoneofitspeople,aswellastheratification byjapanoftlleconvelltionontheeliminationofall FormsofRacialDiscrimination,asthesewillplayan importantroleinachievingtheirobjectives ThemeetingendedwiththeadoptionofaResolutiondeclaringthatafullyear,startingthatveryday andrullningthroughttodec 0,1988,wouldbe dedicatedtoactivitiescommelnoratingthe40thanlli versaryoftheuniversaldeclarati()nofhumanrights andwiththefollowingspecificobjectives:(1)toeliminatealldiscriminatiollinthewor]d especially apartheidinsouthafrica;(2)tocreateanasial1 HumanRightsCIearingHouseinOsakaforthe improvementofthehumanrightssituationinthe region;(3)tosecuretheearliestpossibleratification byjapanwithoutanyreservationofthelnternational CovenantsonHumanRights,includingitsOptional ProtocolandthelnternationalConventiononthe EliminationofAllFormsofRacilDiscrimination;and (4)torealizetheenactmentoftheFundamentalLaw forburakuliberation,thelawontheainuraceand thefundamentallawforforeignresidents. (Note) DespitehisshortstayinJapan,KjellObergvigor ouslycommittedhimselftohumanrightsweek activities Theseincludedspeechesatmeetingsin HiroshimaandTokyo,inadditiontotheoneatOsaka 灘 q1li1ll Mr.&Mrs ObergandMr GiichiNomura,thePresidentoi thehokkaidoutari(ainus)association,visitinganursery schoolinnishinariburaku(osakadec9,'87) reportedabove,bothorganizedbytheudhrcelltral ExecutiveCommittee,acourtesycallontheDirector oftheforeignministry'sunitednationsbureau, wherehelodgedarequestfortheearliestpossible ratificationbyjapanoftheconventionollthe Elimination()fAllFormsofRacialDiscriminati()11, andafact-findingtourofaburakudistrictinosaka city. Lite 川 c 川欣 GIasses ByToshioNaka(borninl931) lwasforcedtowearglassesforthreeyearseven thoughihadnotroublewhatsoeverwithmyeyesight Fouryearsago,Iwenttothepolicestationin Takarazukatorenewmymotorcyclelicense They gavemeaneyetestthen Althoughlcouldseethe Charactersonthetestchartquitewell,Icouldn'tread thematalljustgoingtothepolicestationwas alarmingenough,butitwasevenmorefrightening whenthepolicemallaskedmetoread-becausel simplycouldn't ButIcouldn'ttellhimthetruth,becauselthought lmightlosemylicenseifldidthepolicemanjust assumedthatihadbadeyesightandtoldmetowear glasses Icanactuallyseethingsquitewell,an(l wearingglassesonlymakemyvisionworse Ihadto wearthemforthreeyearse Onedaylwelltout 4

5 骸 BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS withoutmyglasses UnfortuI1ately,Itoldastoryto explaillwhylwasll,twearingtheln:ihadsolnethillg lnmyeye Duringanotherexalninationt()renewnlylicense, Iwasasl(edt( readsomellum1)ers Fortuna(ely,I couidreadthem Ireadthemall,1)egillningwiththe veryslnallest Itwasthentllatthepolicefinally calizedthattherewasnothillgwrollgwithmy eyesightatalliworeglassesforthreeyearsmerelv l)ecauselwasilliterate Beingilliteratemeanstllat v()ulleverknowwhat'sgoingtohal)pentoyou How lwishedlcouldon1yreadandwrite EveryonetoldmethatlwastoooIdto]earn,but my(lirectorkiildlykel)tonencouragingmetostudy andsolfinallydecidedtotaketheplunge Istarted l)ysimplyholdingal)encilan(lsl)elltmyfirstyearjllst copyil gdownthejapanesecharacters Icouldcol)y themwel]enough,butlcouldn,tmemorizethem My teacherdidn,trealizethatiwastotallyilliteratgto makemattersworse,ihadadifferentteacllerevery week Soevellth()ughlwentonwiththelessolls,I stillcouldn'1(ormthecllaracterscorrectlv New teachersmademellervous,s()ididn`tfeeliil etalking lwalltedtostu(iyullderthesameteacheralltl e(img Recently,],vebeenstudyillgwitholleteacher Sl)ecialMhiragalla ilashcardswerelnade[orllle I alsolladsomeolletapesolnesollgsusingtlle5() hir algal a',syllables,mvnewteacherl ()wsexactly whatlcallandcanllotunderstand,andhasl)aidmea lotofattention ThislnakesnleIeellcanlearllmore al ddomore.i'mbeginningtounderstal dsome characterso'ltvcommercialsalldonthebulletin l)card Howhappylfeeltoknowtllattherearesome characterslcanread-eveniinotalloithem Icallnowdrive,butldon'thaveadriver'slicense Iwal1ttogoollstudyingsothatlcange(alicel se someday. TI1eIntemational Symposium 叩叩 ( 一四 ( u } 叩叩 C ) 百口 ( 叩一 nm HeldinOsaka ThisyearisthelnternationalyearofShelterfor thehomeless AIIillternationalsymposiul lwith morethan400participantswasheldonnov 20atthe OsakaNaniwaKaihoKaikanunderthethemeof guaranteeingadequatehousingforthehomeless AnopeningstatementbyYoshioMiwawasfollowedbygreetingsfromthosehostingthesyml)osiuln, (lelegatesfromosakaprefectureandosakacity TheJapaneseguestspeaker,MasatoTakahashi, secretaryoftheburakuliberationleague,presented areportdealingwithsomeoftheproblemscurrently facingjapan:theseincludetheinadequatestandard ofjapanesehousing,oftenreferredtoasmral)bit hutches,',andthelalldpriceissue,whichisbeing aggravatedbyagroupofl)rofiteeringsharksamassing huge eturnsthr()ughsl)eculatioll,therebvcausingthe a)rca()yinflatedlal ')ricestoskyrocket,takahashi als()inelltionedtheresultsachievedbythebllraku liberationmovement,whichhaveledtoavast improvementinthequalityofhousinginburaku areasandtheneedforthesamekindofimprovement innon-burakudistrictsinthenearfuture Atthe sametime,headded,themovementshouldaccelerateitseffortstoassistunderdevelopedcoulltries, especiallythoseinasia,therebybuildingasenseof cooperationandmutualconcernamongmembersof theasiancommunityofnations FollowingTakahashi,sremarks,PeterSwan,a formeru.n col1sultant,madeareportwiththeaidof videotapesontheeffortsbeingmadetoimprovethe qualityoflifeintheklongtoey,themostdeprived areainthailand Heemphasizedthatthesuccesses illtheareahavebeenlargelyduetothefactthatthey havebeenabletopresenttheirdemandstothelocal governmentwithasingleulli[iedvoiceasaresult, tllepriceofhousinghasgonedown,andtheh()using 5

6 勺 _ 巴口 _ 全 ~. ゲ 瞳 BURAKULlBERATIONNEWS needsoftheindividualcommunitdesarebeingrecognizedandmoreadequatelyprovidedmore Thissense ofunifiedaction,emphasizedswan,hasuniversal valueasafundamentalbuildingblockforprogressin underprivilegedcommunitiesinthailand Thenextspeaker,CelinedeCruzfromtheSoci etyforpromotionofarearesourcecentersinbom bay,lndia,gaveaslidepresentationontheplightof Bombay,wheresome5millionslumdwellersandl30, 000homelessliveinthestreets AlthoughthegoverlL menthastakenactiontoalleviatetheirpredicament, theyarealongwayoffmeetingthereal,practical everydayneedsofthepeople Outofthissituatiollof squalorandl)overty,women'sgroupshavebegunto orgallize,formingthespearheadofthepeople'smove menttomaketheirneedsheardbythegovernmenl Thefinalspeaker,SisterAnnieB,Abionofthe CenterforHousingandHumanEcologyDeveloplnent illthephilippines,alsousedslidestodepictthetragic existellceoffilipinoslumdwellers,whooftenworkl2 hoursadaycollectingresalabletrashfromaper petuallyburningheapknownasusmokingmountain.,, Theyreceiveamiserablel2pesos(80US cents)i)er dayfortheirlabor Facilitiesfordealingwithtlle problemofpovertyinthephilippineshavebeensetup withfundsreceivedfromjapanandtheworlddevelopmelltbank,buttheyremainidle;asafillalirony, localresidelltsweredisplacedinordertoconstruct buildingswhichhousethreeghostorganizatiolls Inconcluding,thethreespeakerscommentedon thel)ositivedirectiontakenbytheburakuliberation movementinjapan TheimprovementinBuraku housing,iorinstance,mayprovideaneffectivemodei forsimilarhousingpredicamentsinothercountries Thespeakersexpressedtheirsurprise,however,atthe existenceofproblemsinareas1ikekamagasaki,given thatthepreva]entilnageofjapanisthatofwealthy natiollwherepredicamentsofthiskindnolollger ex1sl Finally,thespeakersexl)ressedtheirsul)I)ortall } sympathyfortheactivitiesofblm,asallol goverll mentalorganizatioll(ngo),andvoicedtheirh()i)es thatblmwilljoininsolidaritywithotherminority groupsinjal)aninordertopresenttheirmutual concernswithaullifiedvoice AnappealmadebyShigeruMurai,amanagero( thelnternationalcommitteefortheshel(er(){(he Homeless,metwithwarmapplausefrolntheaudi ence. f JL 鑿 iliiiiii こ 字面江. Ir 蕊 ii/ 1, 職 : 三 :{ MSCelinedeCruz SisterAnnleB,Abion Mr PeterSwan (OSAKANov 20,'87) 6 一一 = ニーーーーー C-- ~-- C-- --~ ---s --- c = 二一 = 一十一一 己 = CL-- 一二 = 中一一一一一 一一

7 ニーー , 泊一一 -- 勺 -- つ P マーニーーー一一早 一一一一一一 c 一 戸 `-, C----c--C- し C-- 一 --- や ' =--- 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一 BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS T ノ DcSjmatjiMα"at ん cpmblcmscmhwuti"ghmpα" OnthelmpIementationinJapan oⅢheintemationaicovenantson HumanRigMs 2 3.Discriminatlonlssues (a)turningtoremediesfordiscrimillationagainst Buraku,theLawforSpecialBudgetaryMeasuresfor ArealmprovemelltProjectshasbeenillforcesince Aprill,1987.Thisonlyappliestoprojectsforenvir onmentalimprovementllotyetcarriedout Butthe starkfactsremain:theproportionofworkerseither ulleml)i()yed()rinunstabiejobsintlleburakuistwice olⅡ reetimesthatillnol1 Bllrakuareasialldthereis astiliagreatdifferenceintherateofadvallcementto higheredllcati()lliilasocietywherecareeropl)ortl ル nitiesaresocloselydictatedbytllelevel()fone's education BesidesthecasesoIdiscrin inatiollillmaltiare andjol)recruitmellt,theillcidenceoiblatalltdi scrimillatioll,suchas()penlystatillg W1 at'swrollg withcallillgal Eta(anextremelyder()gatory[ernl coml)osedoftwochinesecharactersliterallymeanillg "(il(1 ル abull Iant'')al1Eta?''isincreasingthroughout tllecountry,whatisrequiredisenactmento(the FundalnelltalLawforBurakuLil)eration(Buraku KaihoKihollHo)t()setul)projectstoguarantee BurakulninabetterchanceoIahighereducationand asecurejub,tostimulateelllightellmel tactivitiesf()r theeliminationofdiscriminatio,andtoplacelegal restrictionsonactualactsofdiscriminationinjob recruitmentandinvestigationintoone'sfamilyregis ter,whichisoftendoneinmanycasesofdiscrimilla tion (b)thesecondlargestgroupfacingdiscrilninatioll injapancomprisesresidentkoreans Althoughas mallyas27,00()koreanswereconscril)tedandforced tofightinthepacificwarasjapanesesubject,they haveneverbeenmadeeligil)ieforcoverbytheprovi sionsofthewartilnevictim'sassistancelaw(w11ich payspensionstoveteransandtheirbereavedfam ilies).thisis})ecausethejapal esegovernmellt nevelle[tresidelltk()reansanychoice()vertheir nati()llalitvalldullilaterallygavethemthestatus()[ foreigners,therebydeprivingthemofalltheprivileges exclusivetojapanesenationals AnotherproblelncollcernsparticipationbyresidentKoreansilltheanllualNationalAthleticMeet, whichhasonlybeenopentothemsincethemeetheld inl981 OnlvthoseKoreanhighschoolstudelltswho areattendingjapanesehighschoolsareeligiblethe studentsinethnickoreanhighschoo1sandinany universitiesorcolleges,alongwithalladultk()realls, aredelliedeligibility Thelhirdissueisthenationalityqualification clausel egulatinggoverllmelltelnployment Mally 1()calgovernments,particularlythoseinmajorcities illthekansaiarea,areopeningtheirdoorst()non Jal)anese,althoughonlyinthemanualandl)rofes sionalsector Theclericalandadminislrative sectorsarestiⅡi]otacceptingforeigl1ersointhe teachingiield,despitetlletrelldtoelimillatethe restricti()n,theministryofeducationisrepeatedly sendil g()utdirectivesstil)ulatil]gthatforeigl]ersllotbe hiredinstateprimary,juniorhighandhighschoolsill recentyears,thebasicideabe1]indthesedirectives isthatitisilotagoodthingtoieaveitto mercenary teacherstohandlestudentsataperiodwhenthevare develol)ingajapanesenationalidelltity Thisis certainlymoreallissueofthefundamelltalattitudeof Japaneseeducationthanofmereeligibilityforjobs Thechauvinisticattitudeonthegoverllmentsideis greatlyaf(ectingthescopeformovementollthepart ofl)rivateellterl)risesintheiremploymentpractices Lastly,theissueoftheAlienRegistrationLaw Therevision( fthelawmakesfinger printingmall datoryonlyollceinaforeigner'slifetime Butthe illk,norlnallyinvisible,usedinthenewfinger prill illgprocedureisonlydurableforloyears,asthe lnanufactureroftheinkhasdisclosed Itistherefore llighlylikelythatallforeignerswillbesubjectedto forcedfinger printingagaini'110years,time The il]troductionofanewcard typeformatfortheregis trationcertificateisl)oundtoreinforcetherequire- DD 7

8 BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS mentthatforeignerscarrytheiridwiththematall times Thepenaltiesattachedtofailuretodoso remainsevere:uptooneyearinprisolloralilleof 200,000,whichisequivalenttothatforinvoluntary mansiaughter. (c)turl ingtothediscriminationagaillstainu people,ex-premiernakasone'sderogatorystatement abouta `monoracialnation, mustbeofficiallywith drawnandacknowledgementofthemulti racial characterofjapanesesocietyl)ynakasonemust followthehighlydiscriminatorylawforthe ProtectionofFormerAborigineslnustl)etel minated andreplacedbytheenactmentofthelawolltheainu People,whichaimstosecuretherigl tso[ainuas self-respectingindigenouspeople(refertothearti cleinburakuliberatiollnews,no.39) ( )Finally,thediscriminationagainstdisabled societyhasbeellelnerging,whichcallsfortheredis peoplemustbementioned Inrecentyears alldargumentforthewelfarepoiiciesbestsuitedtojapanese tributionofbasicgovernmentresponsibi]itiesinel]surillgwelfareprovisionsforthepublict1ledriitof thiskindofargumentcanclearlybeseenillsuch slogansas: Itisuselesstospendlnonevon welfare onemusttakecareofoneself''; attempts atcommunitvcooperation,includingvoluntarywork, mustcomefirst',;and thewomenint1lefamily shouldlookaftertheagedandthedisabled. What followsfr()mthisisevasioningovernmcntwelfare policiesandtheintroductionofprivatesector resources inotherwords,thecommercializationo[ welfareservices Thosewhocannotaffordthese privateserviceshavetomakedowithverypoor below stalldardcarg Inevaluatingitsachievementsuptonow,halfwav throughtheu.n DecadeforDisabledPersos,the Japanesegovernmentcountsseveraltriumphs The resultsthegovermentclaimsare,infact,verylnuch opentoquestlon Oneisthel984revisionoftheLawforthe WelfareofthePhysicallyHandicapl)ed.I thislaw, wefindmanywordslike consideration',or Olle's ownefforts, butthesingleword right is ()ttobe foulldanywhereinthetext Ietalone theprohibitionofdiscrimination.',theinsertionshavel)een addedtomakeitlegaltocollectthefeesforcustodial careintheinstitutefromtheclientorcliellt,sfalnily Sothisseemstobeverymucha revision''bywayof retrogressioll TheNationalPensionLawhasalsobeenrevised: themonthlyl)ensiollof 37,000hasbeenillcreasedto 65,00().Thegovernmentboastsoflhisasabig juml)illillcomesecurity Butthefactist1lMlhev havebroughtinanillsurance tyl)esystemo(lnutual assistanceinsteadofatotallygovernment funded benefit tyl)epellsion,sothatthosewl Cl)ecolneold afterthenewsystemhasbeenintroducedandhadno timetol)aythecontributionswillnevergetallv penslon Next,thereisthereplacementoItheLawcoll cernillgpromotionofemploymentof(hephysicallv Hall(]ical)I)edbythenewLawcollcerIlingProlnotion ofemploylnelltofthehandical)l)ed whichalso coversthementallyretardedandmentallvdisable(l However,thelegalguotaofemploymell[isstilll)e9. gedquitel()wat1.6percentfortheprivatesector,1.9 percel]tfordesig'latedlegalbodies,al d2()1)e1 ellt and1.91)ercentresl)ectivelvforclericalal dllollclericaljobsilltl]egovernmentsector T1le(lu()(arecor(I isvvorstill(hel)iggerprivatecolnpanieshiril]91 ]ore thall500enlployees nearly70percell (alll)elow theirquota Oneo[themajorreasonsIorthisisthe penaltysystemsetupbythelaw:eml)loyershave(o pay 4(),O()Opermonthforeachpersonl)el()wtI]c quota Illpractice,thisoftenl)rovidesal)retex(f()r ()temployillgdisabledpeople TheMentall-lygieneLawhasalsol)eellrevised duringtherecentdietsession Thisagainisvery colltroversialandl aslnanylool)holes Forexallll)Ie, thepsychiatristsdesignatedl)ytlleprelecturalgovern()rsdecideolllhecustodyofmentalpatielltswllen theyarehospitalizedbutthehumanrightsaware- nessofthesedoctorsissomewhatsusl)ect AIt1l()ugh the(luestiollofrespectingdisabledpeople,srightto freelydecidethemselvesolltlleirhosl)italizatioilhas beendiscussed,theendresultwasavagueforll1ula()[ "voluntaryhospitalization,,,hedgedaroundbylnally restrictions Atrueandfundamelltalrevisiollillthe interestsofthedisabledthemselveshastobecaltied outwithrepresentativesofthehandical)pedpar ticipatinginthediscussion Thegoalstobeachievedinthesefieldscanonlv besatisfactorilyilnl)lemelltedwiththe[u (1amelltal revisioll()fthelawsconcerned,withclausesclearlv guaranteeillghumanrightsandtllel)rohibitionol discrimination,alldprovidingacast ironguara,]tee()( welfareservices,care,incomeandhousillgforthe disabledlnmallyeuropeancountries,institutiollal careisbeil gabolishe(iandreplacedbyhousil]gwit1l attendantcare HowInanyexamplesofthis,(ul]ded byl)ublicexpellditure,existinjapan?twoilltlle entirecoulltry, (Theend)