1 : 129 Table1 1 UraniumbearingcountriesincentralandsouthernAfrica () ,, (Ⅱ-5), 28Ⅲ :9 ; - [ (,, ) ];7 ( -, Rusizia

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1 GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformation Vol.36 No.1 Jan doi: /j.cnki.dzkq ,,. [J].,2017,36(1): , 1 1, 2, 1, 1 1, 1 1, (1., ;2., ) :, 14%,,, (), 5 :; () ; ; :P :A : (2017) , 2200,, 5.5% [1], 2014,,2011, , 10, 29% 12% [2], 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2%, 2% 2% 1% [12] 1%,15 97%, 2014, 19%, 11% 17% 21% 29%, ,, 136 [3],, 30~40 14%, (6%) (6%) ( (1%) (1%) (<1%) ) [13], [4-11] () 1,,,,,,, ; : : : ( ) : (1983 ),,, @qq.com

2 1 : 129 Table1 1 UraniumbearingcountriesincentralandsouthernAfrica () ,, (Ⅱ-5), 28Ⅲ :9 ; - [ (,, ) ];7 ( -, Rusizian - );4 ( [14] 80% -, );5 (, );3 ( ), 2.3, 38~37, 30,,,, (),,, - ( ),,,, 2.2, -,,, Ⅰ (1),, 5Ⅱ, 1000 m () : (Ⅱ-1) (Ⅱ-2), (Ⅱ-3) (Ⅱ-4)

１３０地质科技情报２０１７年图１非洲中南部构造简图据文献１５修改Ｆｉｇ１ＴｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｎｄｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｆｒｉｃａ３成矿区带划分非洲中南部大部分国家的地质研究程度较低且不同国家由于研究程度不同部分构造边界至今还未明确地层划分缺乏系统的对比笔

泛非活动带成矿省 Ⅱ ３根据构造单元主要矿种主要成矿类型将３个 Ⅱ 级成矿单元划分为３０个 Ⅲ 级成矿单元图２表２其中与铀有关的成矿带主要为 Ⅲ １南非地盾太古宙金铀铁锰金刚石成矿区 Ⅲ ９南非中新生代卡鲁盆地铀金刚石砂金成矿区和Ⅲ ２６纳米比亚新元古代达马拉铜金铀多金属成矿带非洲中南部铀矿床空间位置见图２４

3 １３０地质科技情报２０１７年图１非洲中南部构造简图据文献１５修改Ｆｉｇ１ＴｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｎｄｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｆｒｉｃａ３成矿区带划分非洲中南部大部分国家的地质研究程度较低且不同国家由于研究程度不同部分构造边界至今还未明确地层划分缺乏系统的对比笔者对研究区内地层岩浆岩构造进行了综合整理汇总和对比研究工作基本明确了非洲中南部地质构造演化格架根据构造特征将非洲陆块 Ⅰ 级成矿单元分为３个 Ⅱ 级成矿单元分别为南非克拉通金铁锰铬镍铀金刚石矿成矿省 Ⅱ １中非克拉通金铜铁钨锡铌钽金刚石矿成矿省 Ⅱ ２泛非活动带成矿省 Ⅱ ３根据构造单元主要矿种主要成矿类型将３个 Ⅱ 级成矿单元划分为３０个 Ⅲ 级成矿单元图２表２其中与铀有关的成矿带主要为 Ⅲ １南非地盾太古宙金铀铁锰金刚石成矿区 Ⅲ ９南非中新生代卡鲁盆地铀金刚石砂金成矿区和Ⅲ ２６纳米比亚新元古代达马拉铜金铀多金属成矿带非洲中南部铀矿床空间位置见图２４非洲中南部铀资源分布图２非洲中南部主要成矿区带划分Ｆｉｇ２ＭｅｔａｌｌｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔｓｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｎｄｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｆｒｉｃａ据ＩＡＥＡ１６对铀矿床类型的定义铀矿类型主要分为以下几种不整合面型砂岩型赤铁矿角砾磷块岩型黑色页岩型变质型和其他类型非洲中杂岩型石英卵石砾岩型脉型侵入型破火山口南部铀矿床类型主要为侵入型石英卵石砾岩型相关火山岩型交代岩型表生型崩塌角砾岩筒型和砂岩型

4 1 : 131 (Ⅰ ) Table2 (Ⅱ ) 2 MetalogenicbeltsofcentralandsouthernAfrica ()(Ⅲ ) Ⅲ-1 ()--- Ⅲ Ⅲ-3 -- Ⅲ-4 -- Ⅲ-5 - Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅱ-1 Ⅲ-8 -- Ⅲ Ⅲ-10 - Ⅲ-11 - Ⅲ-12 - Ⅲ-13 - Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ-16 () --- Ⅲ Ⅲ-19 - Ⅲ-20 () Kibarienne- Ⅲ-18 () -- Ⅱ-2 Ⅲ-21 BasCongo - Ⅲ-22 () - Ⅲ Ⅲ-24 - Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ-27 - Ⅲ Ⅱ-3 Ⅲ-29 - Ⅲ ( WorldInformation ServiceonEnergy, WISE) (Urani-, 4.3, um Project) [17], 22,, - 13,, Table3 Uraniumresourcesandreservesofthemainurani-, umbearingcountriesincentralandsouthernafrica, m(u)/t 3 3, , -,, (),, [17]

5 ()(1) (Driefontein)() () 15km, (Carletonvile), 12km, 70km, 26 CarbonLeaderReef(CL) 24, 27 30, () MiddolvleiReef (MR) Ventersdorp ContactReef (3),,,(VCR)3 3 () ( [18] ) Fig.3 Driefonteingold(uranium)deposit (2) 70% 30%,,() [19],, [20-21],, [22] [18-19,23] ;, ; (4), Kositcin [24] Klerksdorp [22],0.1 mm, [19],, Eu, (3), Eu, ; 2 :1 Eu ;2 (5)

6 1 : 133 [25] VaalReef 70~145, 240, 2050 Ma (6) Eldrige [26] δ 34 S -7 ~ +32 ;England [27] δ 34 S -5.0 ~+6.7, δ 34 S , ;Philips [28],δ 34 S,δ 34 S 4 ( [32] ) Fig.4 PlacermodelofWitwatersrandBasin Vennemann [29], δ 18 O, () ( δ 18 O ( 11.4,n= [5] [9] 49,1σ 2 =1.7 ), WesternDeepLevels, () δ 18 O 12.1,δ 13 C, δ 18 O, 5.2 (R ssing) (7), 60 Philips [28] Vennemann [29] km 1928, , [30] t 2014U 3O Robb 2300 Ma t, 2.3% 2014,, [35] tU 3O 8, (5), 5.1.2, : () 2 ; :, - ; ;, ; ; [20] ;, ; [19,31-34], ( ) (4), (1) :1 () SH SJSK3, SJ, 3km,1.5km,, 350m, 0.03%(6) ;2() ;3, ( ;4 7) ( ) 90 m, ;5 ( ) ;6 [38]

7 地质科技情报１３４２０１７年图５罗辛地区地质图据文献３６修改Ｆｉｇ５ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｐｏｆｔｈｅＲｓｓｉｎｇａｒｅａＮｅｘ等４２对ＡＦ６种类型白岗岩进行了研究发现所有的花岗岩类包括等粒花岗岩和白岗岩通常略微呈过铝质含Ｓｉｏ２ｗｂ６８７３Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｗｂ１２１６Ｋ２Ｏｗｂ４９１１０含ＣａＯ较少白岗岩相对富集大离子亲石元素而相对亏损Ｈｆ值小于或接近地高场强元素４２４３ＮｂＴａ和Ｚｒ壳平均值ＲｂＳｒ和ＲｂＮｂ值相对较高反映其源区为成熟度较高的陆壳物质４３图６罗辛铀矿床矿体分布据文献３７修改王生云等４３发现Ａ型白岗岩具有明显的正Ｅｕ异常ＤＦ型白岗岩显示明显的Ｅｕ负异常ＢＣＥＦｉｇ６ＯｒｅｂｏｄｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＲｓｓｉｎｇｕｒａｎｉｕｍｄｅｐｏｓｉｔ型白岗岩具有较为类似的稀土元素配分曲线Ｄ型含铀白岗岩稀土元素总量较高相对富集轻稀土元２矿石结构构造矿石中的晶质铀矿钍铀矿和铀钛氧化物的结构多为自形或半自形晶粒状结构浸染状构造沥青铀矿和铀硅酸盐则大部分是隐晶结构交代残余结素相对亏损重稀土元素轻重稀土元素分馏明显５流体包裹体Ｎｅｘ等４２发现Ｄ型含铀白岗岩与其他白岗岩相比较具有较高的总流体量和ＣＯ２含量Ｎｅｘ３矿物组合矿石矿物主要包括晶质铀矿钍铀矿铀石铀等４４对罗辛铀矿ＳＨＳＪ２个矿体的白岗岩流体包裹体研究表明矿ＳＨ体相对于ＳＪ矿体而言表现出较低的绝对Ｈ２Ｏ含量较低的Ｈ２ＯＣＯ２比值和钍石钛铀矿沥青铀矿硅钙铀矿和钒钾铀矿低的总流体量而流体地球化学和大离子亲石元素等数据表明ＳＪ矿体作为主要的铀矿体与高Ｈ２Ｏ含量和总流体量有关范洪海等４５通过研究认为成构脉状细脉状构造３９原生放射性矿物主要是晶质铀矿约占铀矿４０物总量的５５４１４地球化学特征矿流体分为主成矿期和叠加改造期２个期次其中

[53] (6) (8), A (1038±58)Ma [46] B, C (516±6)Ma [47] D (508±2)Ma [48] E, F (494±8)(500±10) ; Ma [49], D,, (508±2)Ma (7) 5.

8 1 : ( [39] ) Fig.7 DrilsectionzeroofR ssinguraniumdeposit, CO 2, H 2O N 2 CH 4 ; CO 2 H 2O, [51-52] ;, [38], ; N 2 CH 4,, [38,50], Corvino [53] (6) (8), A (1038±58)Ma [46] B, C (516±6)Ma [47] D (508±2)Ma [48] E, F (494±8)(500±10) ; Ma [49], D,, (508±2)Ma (7) 5.3 Smith [37] (Kayelekera) ;Berning [41],, (Karonga) 52km,, 550km (Paladin ;Kinnaird [50] EnergyLtd.) 85%, [38] D3 ; 15% 2009 [54],, tU 3O 8, (9),,20145,, 3 :, 8 ( [53] ) Fig.8 Modelforalaskite-typeuraniumdeposit

136 2017 9 ( [55] ) Fig.9 GeologicalmapofMalawi 5.3.1 (1) (Rukuru),7 (S T U V W X)(10),, 160 m, [54] (2) 3 :,, ; -,, ; [56] ( ) (3), U 3O 8 0.

9 ( [55] ) Fig.9 GeologicalmapofMalawi (1) (Rukuru),7 (S T U V W X)(10),, 160 m, [54] (2) 3 :,, ; -,, ; [56] ( ) (3), U 3O %, , m (U)=753t, 0.101%; m (U)=8 901t, 0.070%; m (U)=3 334t, 0.062%, ( [56] Fig.10 SectionofKayelekerauraniumdeposit,S,T,U,V,W,X ) [56], 11,, ( ),,,,,,

(1)U-Ⅰ, - -,, :13 30 ~16 00 E,23 18 ~ 20 30 S, U 35404t, (5)U-Ⅴ, - -, :31 15 ~36 10 E,6 30 ~ 5 00,, Mkuju,U 58489 t, 0.019%~0.028% 12 Fig.

10 1 : ( [57] ) Fig.11 Kayelekerauraniumdepositmodel ---, :26 00 ~ E ~26 15 S,,,, (4)U-Ⅳ, -,, :24 00 ~28 50 E,14 00 ~10 50 S,, (12) 5 Malundwe Chimiwungo Mutanga, ;, (1)U-Ⅰ, - -,, :13 30 ~16 00 E,23 18 ~ S, U 35404t, (5)U-Ⅴ, - -, :31 15 ~36 10 E,6 30 ~ 5 00,, Mkuju,U t, 0.019%~0.028% 12 Fig.12 Potentialanalysisofuranium mineralizationinsouth- ernafrica U 26481t, 0.02% ~ 0.03%;, Tubas, U 2346t, 0.032% (2)U-Ⅱ, - -, :20 00 ~25 40 E,33 40 ~30 20 S,,, (3)U-Ⅲ, () 7 (1), - (2) - -,, (3) -, : [1] [EB/OL].( )[ ].htp: shtml. [2]

11 [EB/OL].( )[ ].htp://www. mofcom. gov. cn/article/i/jyjl/k/201206/ shtml. [3],,. [J]. gininthe Archaean WitwatersrandBasin,South Africa[J].,2013,22(11): GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,2003,67(4): [4],,,. [25]. [J]. (Driefontein) () [J].,2013,32 (6): [5],,,. watersrandgoldfields:newperspectivesonoldsedimentsvia [J].,2014,60(5): SHRIMP[J].Abstracts withprograms-geologicalsocietyof 53. [7],,,. Cu-Co LateArchaean WitwatersrandBasin:Oxygen-deficientatmos- [J].,2013,32(5): phereorhydrothermalevolution[j].sedimentology,2002,49: [8],,,. () [J].,2013( 2):1058. [28]PhilipsG N.Metamorphismofthe WitwatersrandGoldField: [9],,,. ConditionsduringPeak Metamorphism[J].Journalof Meta- [J].,2015, morphicgeology,1987,5(3): (6): [29]VennemannT W,KeslerSE,O NeilJR.Stableisotopecom- [10],,,. positionsofquartzpebblesandtheirfluidinclusionsastracers [J].,2014,37(1):6-12. ofsedimentprovenance:implicationsforgold-bearingandura- [11],,. nium-bearingquartzpebbleconglomerates[j].geology,1992, [J].,2014,37(3): (9): [12]IAEA.Uranium2014:Resources,productionanddemand[EB/ OL].( )[ ].htp: ndd/pubs/2014/7209-uranium-2014.pdf. [13] WISE Uranium Project.Uranium mineownership-africa[eb/ OL].( )[ ]htp:// org/uoafr.html. [14]. [J].,2001,11: ton:itsroleintherodiniapuzzle[j].precambrianresearch, 2008,160(1/2): [6],,,. Nzega Golden Pride [J].,2013,36(1):47- [15]De WaeleB,JohnsonSP,PisarevskySA.Palaeoproterozoicto NeoproterozoicgrowthandevolutionoftheeasternCongoCra- [16]IAEA.Worlddistributionofuranium deposits(upedo)with uraniumdepositsclassification:2009edition[eb/ol].( )[ ]htp://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publica- tions/pdf/te 1629 web.pdf. [17],,,. [J].,2014,31(4): anresearch,2010,177(1/2):1-22. [19],,,. [J]. [36]BerningJ.TheR ssinguranium deposit,south WestAfrica/,1995,18(2):1-18. Namibia[C] AnnhausserC R,MaskeS.MineralDepositsof [20]. [J].,1990, SouthernAfrica.GeologicalSocietyofSouth Africa I,1986, 3(2): [21]FrimmelH E.Archaeanatmosphericevolution:Evidencefrom the Witwatersrandgoldfields,South Africa[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2005,70:1-46. dorpgoldfield,south Africa[J].EconomicGeology,1979,74: [23]PhilipsG N,LawJD M.Witwatersrandgoldfields:Geology, views,2000,13: [18]DankertBT,HeinK A A.Evaluatingthestructuralcharacter andtectonichistoryofthe WitwatersrandBasin[J].Precambri- [22]UterT.Themorphologyandsilvercontentofgoldfromthe UpperWitwatersrandandVentersdorpsystemsoftheKlerks- genesis,andexploration[j].societyofeconomicgeologyre- [24]Kositcin N,Mcnaughton NJ,GrifinBJ,etal.Texturaland geochemicaldiscriminationbetweenxenotimeofdiferentori-,2003,20(4): America,1993,25:278. [26]EldrigeC S,PhilipsG N,MyersR E.Sulfidesinthe Wit- [27]EnglandGL,RasmussenB,KrapezB,etal.Palaeoenvironmen- talsignificanceofroundedpyriteinsiliciclasticsequencesofthe [30]. [J]., 1998,6(1): [31] Pretorius D A.Thedepositionalenvironmentofthe Wit- watersrandgoldfields:achronologicalreview ofspeculations andobservations[j].mineralsscienceandengineering,1975, 7: [32]PretoriusD A.GoldintheProterozoicsedimentsofSouthAf- rica:systems,paradigmsand models[c] WolfK H.Hand- bookofstrata-bound and stratiform ore deposits.[s.l.]: Elsevier,1976,7:1-27. tioncircular178.johannesburg:economicgeology Research Unit,Universityofthe Witwatersrand,1985:25. [33]RobbLJ,MeyerF M.TheNatureofthe WitwatersrandHin- terland:conjecturesonthesource-areaproblem[c] Informa- [34]SchaeferBF,PearsonD G,RogersN W,etal.Re-Osisotope andpgeconstraintsonthetimingandoriginofgoldmineral- isationinthe Witwatersrand Basin[J].Chemical Geology, 2010,276: [35]R ssing Uranium-WorkingforNamibia[EB/OL].( ) [ ].htp:// [37]SmithD A M.TheGeologyoftheareaaroundtheKhanand SwakopriversinSouth WestAfrica[D].Johannesburg:Uni- versityofthe Witwatersrand,1965. [38],,,. : [J].,2012,48(5): [39],,,. [J]., 2014,33(1): [40],,,.

12 1 : 139 [J].,2013,59(5): [41]BerningJ,CookeR,HeimstraSA.etal.TheR ssinguranium deposit,south WestAfrica[J].EconomicGeology,1976,71: [42]NexPA M,KinnairdJA,OliverGJH.Petrology,geochemis- tryand mineralization ofpost-colisional magmatism inthe southerncentralzone,damaranorogen,namibia[j].journal ofafricanearthsciences,2001,33, [43],,,. rica[j].buletin-chamberofminesprecambrianresearch U- [J].,2013,29(5): nit,1974,17:185. [44] Nex P A M,Herd D,KinnairdJ A.Fluidextractionfrom quartzinleucograniteasamonitortostylesofuranium miner- alization:anexamplefrom Rossingarea,Namibia[J].Geo- chemistry:exploration,environment,analysis,2002,2: [51]JacobRE.Geologyand metamorphicpetrologyofpartofthe DamaraorogenalongthelowerSwakopRiverSouth WestAf- [45],,,. IdaDome,centralDamaraBelt,Namibia:Morphology,distribu- [J].,2015,34(1): tionandmineralisation[j].journalofafricanearthsciences, ventionalzircondatingofremobilisedbasementgneissesinthe centraldamarabeltofnamibia[j].south AfricanJournalof Geology,1991,94: [47]deKockGS,WalravenF.Theageandgeochemistryofsome syndepositionalandearlytectonicmagmaticrockssoutheastof Karibib[C] Abstracts,ProterozoicCrustaland Metalogenic Evolution.Sindhoek:GeologicalSocietyofNamibia,1994:13. [48]BriqueuL,LancelotJR,ValoisJP,etal.GeochronologieU-Pb etgenesed untypedemineralisationuranifere:lesalaskitede Goanikontes(Namibia)etleurencaissant[J].BuletinCentrale DeRecherche Exploration-Production,ElfAquitaine,1980,4: [49]JacobRE,MooreJ M,ArmstrongR A.SHRIMPdatingand [46]Kr nera,retiefe A,Compston W,etal.Single-grainandcon- implicationsofaumineralization,navachab,namibia[j].jour- nalofafricanearthsciences,2000,31: [50]KinnairdJA,NexPA M.Areviewofgeologicalcontrolsonu- ranium mineralisation is sheeted leucogranites within the DamaraOrogen,Namibia[J].Applied EarthScience:Trans. Inst.Min.Metal.B,2007,116: [52]Marlow.A.G..Remobilisationandprimaryuraniumgenesisin thedamaran Orogenic Belt[D].Leeds,UK:University of Leeds,1981: [53]CorvinoA F,PretoriusLE.Uraniferousleucogranitessouthof 2013,80: [54]Anon.Background[EB/OL].( )[ ].htp: [55]BloomfieldK,GondwePC,MasonTPR.etal.Geologicalmap ofmalawi: [R].Blantyre:Survey Department, [56]Bowden R A,Shaw R P.The Kayelekerauranium deposit, Northern Malawi:Pastexplorationactivities,economicgeology anddecayseriesdisequilibrium [J].Applied Earth Science: tionb,2007,116(2): eralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook, 1978,3: ResearchStatusandPotentialAnalysisofUranium Deposits incentralandsouthernafrica ZuoLibo 1,RenJunping 1,WangJie 1,QiuJingwei 2,LiuXiaoyang 1, HeFuqing 1,SunKai 1,XuKangkang 1,GongPenghui 1 (1.TianjinCenterofChinaGeologicalSurvey,Tianjin300170,China; 2.TianjinGeothermalExplorationandDevelopment-DesigningInstitute,Tianjin300250,China) Abstract:Centralandsouthern Africaisoneoftheregions withtherichesturanium resourcesinthe world,whichaccountsfor14% oftheworldtotal.theuraniumoreismainlydistributedinsouthafrica, TransactionsoftheInstitutionsofMiningand Metalurgy:Sec- [57]DeVotoR H.UraniuminPhanerozoicsandstoneandvolcanic rocks:uraniumdeposits,theirmineralogyandorigin[j].min- Namibia,Tanzaniaand Malawi.Theoredeposittypesarequartz-pebbleconglomeratetype,intrusivetype andsandstonetype.throughcolectingandsummarizingresearchresultsofuraniumdepositsincentraland southernafrica,wedissectthedriefonteinconglomerate-typegold(uranium)depositinsouth Africa,the R ssingalaskite-typeuraniumdepositinnamibia,andthekayelekerasandstone-typeuraniumdeposit.by dissectingthesetypicaldeposits,wesummarizetheresearchstatusandanalysethepotentialanddelineate fiveprospectingareas.southafrica,namibia,zambiaandtanzaniaareimportantdestinationsfordomes- ticenterprisestocarryouttheexplorationofuraniumresourcesincentralandsouthernafrica. Keywords:uranium;Driefonteingold(uranium)deposit;R ssinguranium deposit;kayelekerauranium deposit;centralandsouthernafrica

第期李伟等用方法对中国历史气温数据插值可行性讨论

第期李伟等用方法对中国历史气温数据插值可行性讨论李伟李庆祥江志红使用插值方法对已经过质量控制和均一化的年月年月中国全部基本基准站气温资料逐月进行空间插值通过站点的实际序列与插值后格点序列进行比较针对相关系数和线性趋势等多个量来检验方法对气候资料插值的