- PDF Free Download

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download ""

溢侨今季
5 years ago
Views:

3 ( 010 ) ( ) zy0989@sohu.com 3

6 Romer, David ( 1996 ), Advanced Macroeconomics New York: McGraw-Hill

7 (1) Blanchard, Oliver J. and Fischer, Stanley ( 1989 ), Lectures on Macroeconomics Cambridge MIT Press

8 (2) Obstfeld, Maurice and Rogoff, Kenneth (1996 ) : Foundations of International Macroeconomics Cambridge MIT Press. 8

9 ( 1 17 )

17 17

18 1 20% 18

19 ( ) 19

20 2 80% 20

21 21

22 22

24 24

25 1? 25

26 Y 0 t 26

27 ? 27

28 28

29 * 29

30 30

31 Y 0 Y t 31

32 4 6 (imperfection imperfection) (missing market) 32

33 4 (RBC) 33

34 5 IS LM 34

35 6 ( ) 35

36 2 36

37 37

38 1 38

39 3 39

40 2 (Ramsey) OLG 40

41 7 8 q 41

42 9 ( ) 42

44 44

45 45

46 1 46

47 2 * 47

48 48

49 ( ) 49

50 * 50

51 51

52 52

53 53

54 54

55 55

56 1 2 56

57 57

58 20 58

60 60

62 1.3 GDP ( 90 )

64 Robert Lucas(1937 ) (1988 ) ). 64

65 1 65

66 66

67 Robert M. Solow (1924-) ( the long run, we are all ead) Robert olow

68 ( (Solow 1956 ) (Swan 1956 ) Solow,, Robert "A A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth Quarterly Journal of Economics 70:

69 69

70 70

71 (stylized facts), 71

72 (Kaldor 1961 ) : 1 72

73 2 ( ) ( ) 73

74 3 ( ) 74

75 75

76 1.2 76

77 1 (Y) (K) (L) (A) (A) 77

78 t Y(t) = F [ K(t) A(t)L(t)] (1.1) 78

79 (1) K L A t A K L Y A 79

80 (2) A L AL A 80

81 Y Y = F(K AL) AL) Y = F(AK L) L) Y = A F(K L) L) 81

82 A 82

83 A K Y 83

84 A L ( ) 84

85 2 ( K L A ) 85

86 F(cK cal)= c r F(K AL) AL) F(K AL) r r 1 c r c ( c 1) r = 1 1 c r = c r 1 c r c ( c 1) 86

87 c F(cK cal) ) = c F(K AL) c 0 (1.2) c c 1 87

88 3 88

89 89

90 ( ) 90

91 91

92 92

93 4 (intensive form) (1.2) c = 1 1 AL F( K K AL 1 1 ) = F( K K AL ) 1 AL = Y Y AL (1.3) 93

94 K AL F( K K AL ) AL ) = Y Y AL k = K K AL y = Y Y AL F( K K AL 1 1 ) = Y Y AL 94

95 (1.3) y = F(k 1) = f(k) (1.4) 95

96 F( K K AL ) ) y k 96

97 (1 4) 4) AL 1 K AL 1 AL 97

98 (1.4) Y = AL f(k) 98

99 (Cobb Douglas) F(K AL) = K a (AL) 1- a 0 a 1 1 (1.5) 99

100 (1) c F(cK cal) ) = (ck) a (cal) 1-a = c K a (AL) 1-a = c F(K AL) (1.6) 100

101 (2) B = A 1-a Y = B K a L 1-a B = A (1-a) Y = (BK) a L 1-a a) a 101

102 (3) AL y = F(K AL) AL) AL = K a (AL) 1- a AL = (K AL) a = k a y = k a = f(k) 102

103 f (k 0 (k)) = ak a-1 f(k f(k) 103

104 lim lim k 0 (k)= f k 0 f ( ( k) f(k) lim lim k (k) f = 0 k f (k) 0 f(k) k 104

105 f (k 0 (k)= - a(1- a)k a-2 f(k f(k) f(k) f(k) 105

106 f(k) y = k a 0 P k

107 5 f(k) (1) f(0) = 0 f(k) (2) (k) f 0 f(k) (3) (k f (k) 0 f(k) f(k) 107

108 (4) (Inada 1964) 1964) lim lim k 0 (k)= f k 0 (k) f f(k) lim lim k (k) f = 0 k (k) f 0 f(k) k 108

109 f(k) (2) (2) (3) 109

110 P f ( ) 0 f ( ) 0 110

111 6 A K Y 111

112 K Y Y = (K AL) AL) (Y AL) = k k y y = k k f(k) = 1 1 v v = f(k) k k = Y K 112

113 ( t = ) 113

114 114

115 1 L (t) L(t)) = n L (t) = n L(t) (1.8) X (t) = d X(t) dt 115

116 L(t) ) = L(0)e nt L (t) ) = L(0)e nt n = n L(t) L L(0)e 0 = L(0) 116

117 2 A (t) A(t) = g A (t) = g A(t) (1.9) n g (1.8) (1.9) (1.9) L A 117

118 A (t) = g A(t) (1.9) A(t) = A(0)e gt A (t) ) = A(0)e gt g = g A(t) A A(0)e 0 = A(0) 118

119 3 s K (t) ) = sy(t) K(t - K(t) (1.10) 119

120 = + = K (t) = d K(t) dt = (K 2 K 1 ( ) ( t 2 t 1 ) 120

121 t t 1 t 2 K 1 K 2 121

122 = = K(t) K t t = + = K (t) ) + K(t K(t) 122

123 S = - C 0 + s Y ( Y = Yd ) S S = s Y ( Y = Yd ) S S = I s Y = K (t) + K(t) 123

124 n g ( ) 124

125 125

126 126

127 ( ) 127

128 128

129 129

130 1.3 k 130

131 131

132 132

133 k 1 133

134 k K k = K K AL k K L A t t A K L k 134

135 k t = ( ( k K)(dK dt) ) + ( k L)(dL dt) ) + ( k A)(dA dt) k = ( k K )K + ( k L )L + ( k A )A 135

136 k k = K K AL ln lnk = lnk lnl lna t ( 1 1 k)(dk dt) = ( 1 1 K)(dK dt) (1 L)(dL dt) - ( 1 1 A)(dA dt) k k k = K K L L A A 136

137 X X ( X 1 X 2 ) ( ( X 1 X 2 ) = X 1 X 1 + X 2 X 2 137

138 ( X 1 X 2 ) ( ( X 1 X 2 ) = X 1 X 1 X 2 X 2 138

139 K = s Y - K L L L = n k k = k = K A A A = g K L L A A = ( s Y K K ) ) K n g = s Y Y K n g 139

140 = (s Y Y k K n g ) k = [ s ( Y Y AL) AL) (K AL)] k ( n + g + + )k k ] k ) k = [ s y y k ] k ( n + g + + ) k ) k = s f(k) ( n + g + + ) k 140

141 k = d k k d d t = 0 k = s f(k) (n+g+ )k = 0 (1.13) (1.13) 141

142 k (1.13) s f(k) (n+g+ )k = 0 Cobb Douglas f(k)= k a 0 a 1 s k a (n+g+ (n+g+ )k = 0 142

143 2 (1.13) s f(k) = ( n + g + + )k k 143

144 = s f(k) f(k) f(k) k (k) f (k) 0 f (k) (k) 0 s s f(k) k s f (k) (k) 0 s f (k) (k) 0 144

145 f(k) f(k) s f(k) 0 s f(k) k 145

146 = (n+g+ )k k n+g+ n+g+ 0 (n+g+ (n+g+ )k (n+g+ ) 146

147 +g+ )k (n+g+ )k 0 k 147

148 f(0)= 0 0 k = 0 s f(k) (n+g+ )k k k 0 s f(k) (n+g+ )k 148

149 f(k) (n+g+ )k s f(k) 0 (a) k 149

150 f(k) s f(k) (n+g+ )k 0 (b) k 150

151 (1) lim lim k 0 s f (k)= k 0 s s f (k) s f(k) s f (k) (k) (n+g+ ) s f(k) (n+g+ )k k 0 (a) 151

152 (2) lim lim k s f s (k)= f 0 k s f (k) 0 s f(k) k s f (k) (k) ( ( n+g+ ) s f(k) ( n+g+ )k k (b) (b) 152

153 s f(k) (n+g+ )k k s f(k) (n+g+ )k 153

154 (k) f (k) 0 s f(k) k 0 154

155 f(k) (n+g+ )k s f(k) 0 k 1 * k 2 * k 3 * 2.13 s f(k) k 155 k

156 k * k (1.13) s f(k * ) = (n+g+ ) ) k * 156

157 f(k) (n+g+ )k s f(k) 0 P20 k * P k

158 3 k = s f(k * ) - (n+g+ )k * = 0 (1.13) s f(k) f(k) s 158

159 (n+g+ )k (break - even investment) k k (1.13) k 159

160 (K) (k) n+g n+g k (1.13) (n+g)k 160

161 Romer, David ( 1996 ), Advanced Macroeconomics New York: McGraw-Hill

002-

002- < 篇名 > 本草經集注書名 : 本草經集注作者 : 陶弘景朝代 : 南朝梁年份 : 西元 502-557 年 < 目錄 > < 篇名 > 序錄上內容 : 隱居先生, 在乎茅山岩嶺之上, 以吐納餘暇, 頗游意方技, 覽本草藥性, 以為盡聖人之心, 故撰而論之舊說皆稱神農