Cisco Cisco Cisco (ROM) (FLASH) (RAM) RAM(NVRAM) Cisco

Ch2 Cisco IOS

Cisco ROM ROM Cisco ROM(BIOS) ROM 1. POST Cisco 2. BootStrap Cisco IOS 3. IOS IOS IOS Cisco ROM ROM

Cisco Flash Flash Flash IOS Cisco Flash IOS IOS

Cisco NVRAM RAM(Nonvolatile RAM) NVRAM Startup-Config Cisco 32KB~128KB NVRAM

Cisco RAM RAM RAM Cisco RAM RAM 3 RAM ARP IOS Running-config

Cisco 1 ROM POST, 2 Bootstrap, Cisco IOS ROM Flash TFTP 3 IOS NVRAM TFTP 4 5

Cisco RAM ROM Bootstrap Load Bootstrap Flash TFTP Server ROM Cisco Internetwork Operating System Locate and Load Operating System NVRAM TFTP Server Console Configuration File Locate and Load Configuration File or Enter Setup Mode

Cisco IOS Startup-config ROM IOS ROM Flash IOS Flash TFTP IOS TFTP

Cisco 1 console port Extend port : Cisco AUX network Interface

Cisco 2 ethernet interface serial interface network module solt interface e1/0, s1/2 0 1 2

Cisco 1 Console rollover Console straighthrough crossover 1 3 2 6

Cisco 2 PC PC PC PC Console console

Cisco IOS Flash Startup-config NVRAM Running-config RAM Cisco RAM IOS RAM Starup-config

Cisco 1 Cisco Startupconfig NVRAM Running-config RAM NVRAM Startupconfig RAM Startupconfig=(?)Running-config; Running-config Startup-config=(?)Running-config; copy P33 2-3

Cisco 2 show running show startup wg_ro_c#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration:! version 12.0! -- More -- wg_ro_c#show startup-config Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes! version 12.0! -- More --

Cisco 3 P33 2-7 copy

Cisco CONSOLE AUX MODEM TCP/IP TELNET ( ) TFTP SERVER

Cisco ethernet console TCP/IP telnet aux snmp Tftp modem

Cisco 1 Console setup #setup --- System Configuration Dialog --- At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt. Default settings are in square brackets '[]'. Continue with configuration dialog? [yes]: First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: Interface TokenRing0 Ethernet0 Serial0 Fddi0 IP-Address OK? Method Status Prot unassigned NO not set down unassigned NO not set down unassigned NO not set down unassigned NO not set down

Cisco 2 Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]: The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used instead of the enable password when it exists. Enter enable secret [<Use current secret>]: Enter enable password [san-fran]: % Please choose a password that is different from the enable secret Enter enable password [san-fran]: Enter virtual terminal password [san-fran]: Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:

Cisco 3 Configure IP? [yes]: Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]: 200 Configure DECnet? [no]: Configure XNS? [no]: Configure Novell? [no]: yes Configure Apollo? [no]: Configure AppleTalk? [no]: yes Multizone networks? [no]: yes Configure Vines? [no]: Configure bridging? [no]:

Configuring interface Serial1: Cisco 4 Configuring interface parameters: Configuring interface TokenRing0: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Tokenring ring speed (4 or 16)? [16]: Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes IP address for this interface: 172.16.92.67 Number of bits in subnet field [0]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0 Configure Novell on this interface? [no]: yes Novell network number [1]: Configuring interface Serial0: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]: IP address for this interface: 172.16.97.67 Number of bits in subnet field [0]: Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0 Configure Novell on this interface? [yes]: no

Cisco 5 The following configuration command script was created: hostname router enable secret 5 $1$g722$dg2UVvWG6eekNRTE5LfmM/ enable password san-fran enable password san-fran line vty 0 4 password san-fran snmp-server community! ip routing no decnet routing no xns routing novell routing no apollo routing appletalk routing no clns routing no vines no bridge no mop enabled -- More --

IOS Cisco router> router# router(config)# router(config-if)#

router> Cisco

router# Cisco router> enable, router#

router(config)# router# configure terminal, router(config)#

router(config-if)# Cisco router(config)# interface e0/0 e0/0 config-if if interface Cisco

Cisco Router>enable Ctrl-Z (end) Router#config terminal Router(config)# Exit Interface Router(config-if)# Subinterface Router(config-subif)# Controller Router(config-controller)# Line Router(config-line)# Router Router(config-router)# IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#

1 Router>enable Router# config terminal Router(config)# : : : Router(config)# (commands) Router(config)# Router(config)#exit Router# config term : : : Router(config)# router protocol Router(config-router)# : : : Router(config-router)# (commands) Router(config-router)# : : : Router(config-router)# exit Router(config)# interfacetype port Router(config-if)# : : : Router(config-if)# (commands) Router(config-if)# : : : Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)#exit Router# Global Configuration Mode Used for system-wide configurations requiring one command line. Includes commands to enter other configuration modes. Other Configuration Modes Used for other configurations requiring multiple command lines

2 P30-31 2-1 2-2

IOS Router>enable Router#config terminal Router(config)#interface e0/0 Router(config-if)#

IOS Show show version show running-config show startup-config FLASH show flash show interface type slot/number show ip route

Show Router# show interface serial 1 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MK5025 Internet address is 183.8.64.129, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:01, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 2000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 331885 packets input, 62400237 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 230457 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 3 input errors, 3 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 403591 packets output, 66717279 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets, 0 restarts 45 carrier transitions

IOS Router>? Router#? Router(config)#? Router#show? Router(config)#interface?

Router(config)# router? bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) egp Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) eigrp Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) igrp Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) isis ISO IS-IS iso-igrp IGRP for OSI networks mobile Mobile routes odr On Demand stub Routes ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) static Static routes Router(config)# router rip Router(config-router)#? Router configuration commands: default-information Control distribution of default information default-metric Set metric of redistributed routes distance Define an administrative distance distribute-list Filter networks in routing updates exit Exit from routing protocol configuration mode -- More --

IOS IOS 10 terminal history size x x 0<=x<=256

IOS Cisco (password): (secret)

(password): Booting...... password:xxxxxx Router> show config

Console Password Router(config)# line console 0 Router(config-line)# login Router(config-line)# password cisco Virtual Terminal Password Router(config)# line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)# login Router(config-line)# password cisco

Sercet enable secret XXX Router(config)#enable secret XXX Secret

Cisco 1 Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_c wg_ro_c(config)# wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! # wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0/0 wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18

Cisco 2 --- Router(config)#interface type number Router(config-if)# type serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number Router(config)#interface type slot/port Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#exit

Cisco 3 --- Router#configure terminal Router(config)# Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)# Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 ( DCE ) Router(config-if)# ( ) Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#exit Router#

Router#show interface serial 0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec (output omitted)

RAM (NVRAM)

IOS 1 2 IOS 3 TFTP FLASH ; IOS

IOS

IOS TFTP

Cisco Cisco Cisco Cisco