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Arduino 使用入門建國科技大學資管系饒瑞佶 2013/12 V1 2016/7 V2

何謂 Arduino? 義大利 Italy 設計者 Massimo Banzi David Cuartielles Tom Igoe Gianluca Martino David Mellis. 2005.10.1 第一批快速開發 prototype: artists designers hobbyists OPEN SOURCE 軟體 + 硬體 + 社群

Arduino 架構 _ 軟體 _OPEN 魅力開放 IDE 軟體原始碼, 可針對底層做修改相同軟體平台, 透過 OPEN, 快速累積應用範例玩家廠商提供多元函式庫

Arduino https://www.arduino.cc/

Arduino 架構 _ 硬體數位 I/O 腳 PWM 腳類比輸入腳供電系統電源輸出數位 I/O 腳位 :P0~P13 6 組 PWM 輸出雙供電系統 10Bit 解析度類比訊號輸入三種電源輸出供應 Vin 5V 3.3V

Arduino 架構 _ 硬體 _OPEN 魅力 Arduino 不生產周邊硬體不綁死周邊裝置價格平實周邊裝置搭配 arudino 腳位開發硬體電路開放, 可自行製作與開發硬體資源說明文件多 Arduino.cc/playground

DIY Arduino

Freeduino 系列 Ardupilot Boarduino Seeeduino Relayduino Openlog brasuino Fio

擴充 Shield MP3 播放板 SD 卡模組 WIFI 模組 GPRS 模組 AV 端子顯示模組 COLOR LCD 模組 CAN BUS 模組 RFID 模組 MIDI 訊號模組

iarduino

擴充板 shield

下載 IDE http://arduino.cc/en/main/software/ 此處使用 1.6.9 版 (Windows zip)

安裝驅動程式解壓縮後內的 drivers 目錄

安裝驅動程式初次使用 usb 連接 Arduino 裝置管理員並不認識 Arduino

更新驅動程式安裝驅動程式

切換至 drivers 目錄安裝驅動程式

安裝驅動程式

驅動程式安裝完成

Arduino IDE

啟動 Arduino IDE

載入範例程式 Blink

Blink 開啟畫面

功能選項區程式編輯區編譯訊息區錯誤訊息區

主要快速功能選項

開始使用 IDE 步驟 1 選擇對應的硬體設備型號

開始使用 IDE 步驟 2 選擇連結的通訊埠 (port) 位置

結果

驗證 Verify

執行 Blink Upload

Arduino 版上的黃燈持續閃爍腳位 13

程式說明程式碼解說

只會執行 1 次啟動或 reset 時定義使用腳位設定腳位腳色為 OUTPUT

重複執行開 LED 關 LED

LED on board 目前 DO pin 13 對應到 Green LED DO pin 10 對應到 Red LED DO pin 9 對應到 Blue LED

光敏電阻範例

硬體設備擴充板上內建有光敏電阻其中一支腳接地, 另一支接在 BZ+ 光敏電阻

透過 Analog 讀取訊號將 BZ+ 接至 A0~A5 其中一個點 ( 這裡是 A2) A2 A0 ~ A5

Digital Output D0 ~ D13 Analog Input A0 ~ A5

光敏電阻將光訊號轉換成電阻訊號輸出光越強, 則電阻越小光越弱, 則電阻越大透過電阻值判斷目前光量大小

程式

If error 大小寫是有差的!

結果光越來越暗因為電阻值越來越大如果看到亂碼, 記得調整 baudrate

DS18B20 溫度 SENSOR

硬體設備 DS18B20 Vdd 接 5V DQ 接到 Digital Input 7 溫度感測器

函示庫需要 OneWire 與 DallasTemperature 兩個函示庫函式庫需要放到 Arduino 內的 libraries 目錄內

下載函式庫 http://appsduino.com/360392830420998201 39.html

程式 // 載入函式庫 #include <OneWire.h> #include <DallasTemperature.h> // Data wire is plugged into pin 7 on the Arduino #define ONE_WIRE_BUS 7 // Setup a onewire instance to communicate with any OneWire devices // (not just Maxim/Dallas temperature ICs) OneWire onewire(one_wire_bus); // Pass our onewire reference to Dallas Temperature. DallasTemperature sensors(&onewire);

程式 void setup(void) { // start serial port Serial.begin(9600); Serial.println("Dallas Temperature IC Control Library Demo"); } // Start up the library sensors.begin();

程式 void loop(void) { // call sensors.requesttemperatures() to issue a global temperature // request to all devices on the bus Serial.print(" Requesting temperatures..."); sensors.requesttemperatures(); // Send the command to get temperatures Serial.println("DONE"); } Serial.print("Temperature for Device 1 is: "); Serial.print(sensors.getTempCByIndex(0)); // Why "byindex"? // You can have more than one IC on the same bus. // 0 refers to the first IC on the wire

結果

Arduino + BT + Android 非 BLE

BT Adapter

連接 BT Adapter 與 Arduino GND- GND 5V- 5V RX(Bluetooth) TX (Arduino) TX(Bluetooth) RX(Arduino) 閃爍

設定 Arduino 名稱這個要先設定為了之後配對選擇用

設定 Arduino 名稱 int LedGreen=13; void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: pinmode(ledgreen,output); digitalwrite(ledgreen,low); Serial.begin(57600); delay(1000); Serial.write("AT+NAMECTU"); // 設定名稱,CTU 改成你要的名稱 while(!serial.available()); Serial.read(); digitalwrite(ledgreen,high); // 如果連上, 則 LED 長亮 }

記得要先配對

測試直接使用手機的藍芽掃描或使用 Blue Term

與 BT 通訊

動作從 Arduino 每隔一秒回傳累加數字回到 Android 手機 Android 手機輸入資料後傳到 Arduino, Arduino 收到後會回覆收到資料

Arduino code #define BUFFERSIZE 127 uint8_t inbuffer[buffersize]; int inlength; // length of data in the buffer int numloop = 0; // number of times we looped int ledpin = 13; void setup() { Serial.begin(57600); pinmode(ledpin, OUTPUT); }

Arduino code void loop() { // read string if available if (Serial.available()) { inlength = 0; while (Serial.available()) { inbuffer[ inlength] = Serial.read(); inlength++; if (inlength >= BUFFERSIZE) break; } Serial.print("Arduino received: "); Serial.write(inBuffer,inLength); Serial.println(); } // blink the led and send a number digitalwrite(ledpin, HIGH); // set the LED on delay(100); // wait a bit Serial.println(numLoop); digitalwrite(ledpin, LOW); // set the LED off delay(1000); numloop++; }

測試使用 Blue Term 如果有連上,Arduino 上的 BT 設備紅燈會停止閃爍

使用 Android 連接直接使用 Android 內建的 BluetoothChat 範例就可以

唯一需要修改 BluetoothChatService.java 內的 UUID 改成 UUID for Serial port service https://kunyichen.wordpress.com/2007/06/08/bluetooth-service-uuid-list/

result

result 資料從 ARDUINO 傳到手機停止閃爍

result Arduino 回傳收到傳資料給 Arduino

jquery 連結 Arduino BT 整合 SQLite

Android 端

Android 端 main.java public class Main extends Activity { FromArduino mybt; // 取得藍芽服務 } @Override protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); WebView mwebview=new WebView(this); mwebview.getsettings().setjavascriptenabled(true); mybt=new FromArduino(this); //mwebview.addjavascriptinterface(new FromArduino(this), "myjsinterface"); mwebview.addjavascriptinterface(mybt, "myjsinterface"); mwebview.loadurl("file:///android_asset/www/index.html"); setcontentview(mwebview); } @Override public void onbackpressed() { mybt.closebt(); // 關閉藍芽 finish(); // 關閉本程式 super.onbackpressed(); } @Override protected void onpause() { mybt.closebt(); // 關閉藍芽 finish(); // 關閉本程式 super.onpause(); }

Android 端 -FromArduino.java

Android 端 -FromArduino.java // 接收透過 BT 來自 Arduino 的訊號 public class FromArduino { Context mcontext; // Local Bluetooth adapter private BluetoothAdapter mbluetoothadapter = null; // Member object for the chat services private BluetoothChatService mchatservice = null; public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; // Key names received from the BluetoothChatService Handler public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name"; public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; public static final String TOAST = "toast"; public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; // String buffer for outgoing messages private StringBuffer moutstringbuffer; // Name of the connected device private String mconnecteddevicename = null; private String readmessage; private String BTState=""; // Arduino BT MAC private String BTMAC=""; BluetoothDevice device;

Android 端 -FromArduino.java public FromArduino(Context c){ mcontext=c; // Get local Bluetooth adapter mbluetoothadapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // If the adapter is null, then Bluetooth is not supported if (mbluetoothadapter == null) { return; } // If BT is not on, request that it be enabled. // setupchat() will then be called during onactivityresult if (!mbluetoothadapter.isenabled()) { //Intent enableintent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); //startactivityforresult(enableintent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); // Otherwise, setup the chat session } else { if (mchatservice == null) setupchat(); } }

Android 端 -FromArduino.java private void setupchat() { // Initialize the BluetoothChatService to perform bluetooth connections mchatservice = new BluetoothChatService(this, mhandler); // Initialize the buffer for outgoing messages moutstringbuffer = new StringBuffer(""); // Get the BLuetoothDevice object //BluetoothDevice device = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice("00:13:01:11:32:12"); if(btmac==""){ BTMAC="00:13:01:11:32:11";} device = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice(btmac); // Attempt to connect to the device mchatservice.connect(device); }

Android 端 -FromArduino.java // The Handler that gets information back from the BluetoothChatService private final Handler mhandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handlemessage(message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: switch (msg.arg1) { case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTED: BTState=" 已連線 "; break; case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTING: BTState=" 連線中..."; break; case BluetoothChatService.STATE_LISTEN: case BluetoothChatService.STATE_NONE: break; } break; case MESSAGE_WRITE: byte[] writebuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; // construct a string from the buffer String writemessage = new String(writeBuf); break; case MESSAGE_READ: byte[] readbuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; // construct a string from the valid bytes in the buffer readmessage = new String(readBuf, 0, msg.arg1); break; case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME: // save the connected device's name mconnecteddevicename = msg.getdata().getstring(device_name); break; case MESSAGE_TOAST: break; } } };

Android 端 -FromArduino.java // return data public String setvalfromjava(){ return readmessage; // 數據 } public String setbtstate(){ return BTState; // 藍芽狀態 } //Javascript call JAV public void getsomestring(string macaddress){ //Toast.makeText(mcontext, "MAC 設定成功 ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); device = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice(macaddress); mchatservice.connect(device); } // 關閉 BT public void CloseBT(){ mchatservice.stop(); }

Android 端 -BluetoothChatService.java 原 BluetoothChat 範例內之 Service 需要修改 //private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"); private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");

Android 端 -index.html <html> <head> <title>phonegap</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <script src="jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="jquery.mobile-1.3.0.min.css"> <script src="jquery.mobile-1.3.0.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ // 連線 $('#connecttoarduino').click(function(){ // 設定 Arduino MAC window.myjsinterface.getsomestring($('#arduinomac').val()); $('#showstate').html(' 連線中...'); var mycounter =setinterval(function() { if($('#showstate').text()!=" 已連線 "){ window.myjsinterface.getsomestring($('#arduinomac').val()); }else{ clearinterval(mycounter); // 暫停 timer } }, 5000); });

Android 端 -index.html // 斷線 $('#offarduino').click(function(){ // 設定 Arduino MAC="" window.myjsinterface.getsomestring("99:99:99:99:99:99"); }); // 每秒讀取一次連結狀態 setinterval(function() { $('#showstate').html(window.myjsinterface.setbtstate()); }, 1000); // 每秒讀取一次訊號 setinterval(function() { $('#showval').html(" 數據 =" + window.myjsinterface.setvalfromjava()); }, 1000); }); </script> </head>

Android 端 -index.html <body> <div data-role="page"> <div data-role="header"> <h1>android-arduino</h1> </div> <div data-role="content"> <input type=text id="arduinomac" value="00:13:01:11:32:12"><input type=button id="connecttoarduino" value=" 連線 "> <input type=button id="offarduino" value=" 斷線 "> <div id="showstate"> 未連線...</div> <div id="showval"></div> </div> <div data-role="footer"> <h1>2013/12/10</h1> </div> </div> </body> </html>

Android 端 -AndroidManifest.xml <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetoo TH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetoo TH" />