Using EMI receiver to measure discontinuous disturbance (click) 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 YANG Peiwen 杨培文 Keysight EMC Business Development Manager
Agenda Definition and Standards Using EMI receiver to measure click Keysight N9038A MXE EMI receiver 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 2
amplitude Definition of a click A click is a conducted emission with: - a peak-detected duration less than or equal to 200 msec. - a separation of at least 200 msec. from a following emission - a QP amplitude exceeding the Continuous Disturbance limit.. measured 250 ms after falling edge of disturbance 连续骚扰限值线 200 msec. 250 msec. QP response 200 msec. 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 3 time
Clicks are Not Necessarily Well-Defined Pulses Examples of Clicks from CISPR 14: Single Clicks: Two Clicks: 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 4
CISPR 14 Exceptions to the Click Definitions Individual switching operations - E.g., single on/off switching. These are not counted when testing for compliance Combinations of clicks in less than 600 ms - Allowed once in an operating cycle Instantaneous switching (be deemed to comply with click limits) - Click rate < 5 - Number of clicks > 20 ms duration - 90% of all clicks with < 10 ms duration Separation of Clicks less than 200ms - If Click rate < 5, two disturbances < 200ms, separation < 200ms, then the disturbances are counted as 2 clicks not as continuous disturbance 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 5
Related standard for discontinuous disturbance CISPR 14-1 (EN55014) - Specifies the test method and limit lines for applied products CISPR 16-1-1 - Specifies the performance and verification method of discontinuous disturbance analyzer 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 6
Applied products Applies to specific types of products which produce intermittent emissions during operation Household appliances Electric tools Motor-driven electromechanical devices Electric/Electronic toys Regulating controls using semiconductor devices see CISPR 14 for a more extensive list 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 7
Examples of Products Subject to CISPR 14 Testing 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 8
Why click measurement is defined? The response of human ear to the impulse sound has 200ms delay For an impulse sound with less than 200ms duration, human ear recognize as one continuous sound The harm of discontinuous disturbance depends on the occurrence frequency of the clicks, i.e. click rate N So that the limit line of discontinuous disturbance can be relaxed from continuous disturbance based on different click rate N 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page
Why are Click Measurements Important to Manufacturers? If an emission is classified as a click, the emission limit could be relaxed.. Discontinuous Disturbance (Click) Limit line Continuous Disturbance Limit line Click Limit relaxation Continuous Disturbance Emission 10 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page
Limit Relaxation Click Limit relaxation Click Limit Relaxation Rules: Lq = L continuous + 44dB for N < 0.2 = L continuous + 20 log (30/N) for 0.2 N < 30 = L continuous for N 30 where: Lq = Click limit L continuous = Continuous Disturbance limit as defined in CISPR 14 N = Click Rate (# of clicks per minute over measurement time) 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 11
Upper Quartile Rule Applies to Clicks Click Limit relaxation EUTs are listed as non-compliant if: > 25% of the total measured clicks exceed Lq Click Limit Relaxation Rules: Lq = L continuous + 44dB for N < 0.2 = L continuous + 20 log (30/N) for 0.2 N < 30 = L continuous for N 30 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 12
click rate N N = the number of clicks or switching operations within one minute N=n*f/T (f:factor) Click Rate is used to determine the click limit N is measured at the following two frequency points: 150 khz f 500 khz:150 khz 500 khz f 30 MHz:500 khz 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 13
Stop condition of click measurement For appliances which do not stop automatically, the shorter time of either: the time to register 40 clicks or 40 switching operations 2 hours 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 14
Frequency of click measurement It s time consuming and impossible to measure clicks at each frequency in band 148. 5kH z~ 30MHz In the real test, only 4 typical frequency points are measured 150kHz, 500 khz, 1.4 MHz and 30 MHz 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 15
Flow diagram for measurements of discontinuous disturbance 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Customizable in Footer Page 16
Discontinuous disturbance analysis based on EMI receiver Automatic click analysis and report generation EMI receiver and click analyzer, 2 in 1 Standard click analysis application in MXE EMI receiver EMI Receiver Keysight EMI receiver MXE N9038A Discontinuous Disturbance Analyzer 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Customizable in Footer Page 17
Test setup of click measurement EUT Click measurements are conducted emissions measurements Emissions signal AC Power LISN (Line Impedance Stabilization Network) Mains connection 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 18
Setting up click measurement in MXE 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 19
Click Display Screen Running analysis Click display vs. time Click list Mirrors the UI used In Frequency Scan 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 20
Click Analysis Screen Pass/fail indication Continuous Limit And Click Limit Analysis begins automatically upon completion of data collection Exceptions Continuous Disturbance indicator 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 21
N9038A MXE EMI receiver Complies with latest CISPR and Mil-STD standards Four frequency ranges - 20 Hz to 3.6 GHz - 20 Hz to 8.4 GHz - 20 Hz to 26.5 GHz - 20 Hz to 44 GHz CISPR 16-1-1 2010 Compliance - CISPR bandwidths (6dB and impulse BW) - Quasi-Peak, EMI-Avg, RMS- Avg detectors and APD MIL STD 461 Compliance - 6dB bandwidths - Peak detector 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 22
N9038A MXE EMI receiver Offers World-Class Performance Excellent amplitude uncertainty - 0.3 db @ 1 GHz Excellent sensitivity - -163 dbm @ 1 GHz Two inputs - 1 full frequency range input - 1 surge protected input to 1 GHz - RF Preselection - Available on both inputs 20 Hz to 1 GHz surge protected (built-in limiter) 20 Hz to 3.6 GHz 20 Hz to 8.4 GHz 20 Hz to 26.5 GHz 20 Hz to 44 GHz 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 23
Keep Test Assets Current Extend instrument longevity with upgradeable platform Stay current with upgradeable CPU, memory, disk drives, and I/O ports Rely on proven platform, worldwide support, and 3-year standard warranty Keep data secure with removable solid-state drive 24 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page
Investment $$ Upgrade the frequency range of your receiver 44 GHz 8.4 GHz 26.5 GHz Application: Some CISPR standard Application: Mil-STD FCC 3.6 GHz Application: ITE Application: Medical, Automotive, Power tools Invest less today, upgrade in the future. Investment timing 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 25
Modern Digital IF Receiver Architecture Digital Conversion at IF instead of Video ADC DSP Improved Accuracy Increased usable effective Dynamic Range Improved BW filter selectivity Downconversion IF Filter Signal Digitized After RF Down- Conversion IF Gain Log Amp Log Amplification RBW Filtering Detection Video Filtering Averaging Display Scaling Video Filter Log ADC RF Input Attenuator Pre-selector Local Oscillator Reference Oscillator 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Step/Sweep Generator Video Display Page
Powerful diagnostic tools:strip Chart and Spectrogram Strip Chart Up to 2 hours of gapless recorded data! Up to three different detectors Can be used for amplitude monitoring at a certain frequencies during EUT turntable rotation for radiation maximization Spectrogram View time-varying and frequency hopping signals Time Can be used for Playing back the history spectrum Frequency 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page
Thank You! 是德科技 ( 中国 ) 有限公司以是为本以德致远专注测量 75 载 Page 28