8 TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP OSI 8.1 OSI 4 end to end A B FTP OSI Connection Management handshake Flow Control Error Detection IP Response to User s Request TCP/IP TCP 181
UDP 8.2 TCP/IP OSI OSI 3 OSI 3 8.1 TCP/IP IP TCP/IP TCP/IP Transport Control Protocol TCP User Datagram Protocol UDP 8.2.1 TCP TCP/IP IP TCP TCP/IP TCP TCP TCP TCP 1 TCP 8.1 OSI TCP SegmentTCP TCP 8.2 TCP 182
0 4 8 16 19 24 31 Source Port Sequence Number Destination Port TCP Acknowledgment Number Windows Checksum Urgent pointer Options TCP TCP 8.2 TCP 16 16 32 32 TCP TCP TCP 32 6 0 6 TCP 8.1 32 32 16 0 16 TCP MSS 32 8.1 TCP 1 URG ACK PSH 183
1 RST SYN FIN ACK TCP SYN=1 ACK=0 SYN=1 ACK=1 2 TCP port OSI TCP/IP I/O binding TCP/IP I/O I/O TCP/IP 16 2 16 0 2 16 1 TCP/IP TCP UDP 2 16 8.3 FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP HTTP SNMP RIP 21 23 25 53 69 80 161 520 TCP UDP 184 8.3 Internet IANA 3 3
1 1024 8.3 8.2 8.2 TCP UDP 53 DNS UDP 69 TFTP 161 SNMP 520 RIP RIP 21 FTP 23 Telnet TCP 25 SMTP 53 DNS 80 HTTP 2 1024 1024 8.4 8.4 IE DOS netstat IE 3693 3692 8.4 3 185
1024 TCP UDP 16 65 536 1024 3 TCP UDP TCP UDP TCP/IP TCP Socket Socket1 Socket2 IP 16 IP 8.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 A B C 1 2 3 4 186 8.5 HTTP 80 8080 IP MAC IP MAC TCP TCP 3 TCP TCP TCP TCP
TCP 8.6 TCP 1 TCP SYN 1ACK 0 2 SYN ACK 1 SYN 2 RST 1 1 2 2 2 RST 1 2 1 SYN=1, ACK=0 SYN =x 2 SYN=1, ACK=x+1 SYN y ACK=x+1 ACK x+1 ACK=y+1 SYN=1, ACK=y+1 ACK 8.6 TCP TCP 64 KB TCP IP TCP TCP TCP 8.7 1 TCP FIN 1 2 2 1 1 FIN 1 2 2 FIN 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 TCP TCP 187
1 2 FIN=1 =x FIN=1, ACK=y FIN=1, ACK=y FIN, y ACK SYN=1, ACK=x+1 FIN=1 ACK=x+1 FIN+ACK ACK FIN=1, ACK=y+1 ACK=y+1 ACK 4 TCP 8.7 TCP TCP TCP TCP ACK TCP TCP CPU 1 4096 2 2048 2 2048 1 2048 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 2 0 188
5 TCP TCP TCP TCP SYN ACK TCP 8.8 A B 400 100 1 SEQ1 1 8.8 B 300 200 B A B SEQ = 1 SEQ = 1101 SEQ = 1201 A 300 A 200 ACK = 1201 WIN = 1300 SEQ = 1301 SEQ = 1401 SEQ = 1201 ACK = 1501 WIN = 1200 SEQ = 1501 ACK = 1601 WIN = 10 A 300 201 500 A 200 301 500 A 100 401 500 A 500 A 200 501 700 A 100 601 700 A 600 8.8 TCP TCP TCP 1 ACK 189
ACK 1 2 ACK 4 8.2.2 UDP 1 UDP UDP IP UDP UDP UDP 8 UDP IP UDP UDP SNMP DNS TCP 8.3 IP IP DNS TFTP RIP BOOTP DHCP SNMP NFS IGMP FTP Telnet HTTP SMTP DNS UDP TCP 190
2 UDP UDP 8 4 2 8.9 0 4 8 16 19 24 31 Source Port UDP Destination Port Checksum UDP UDP 8.9 UDP 16 16 UDP 16 UDP 16 UDP UDP TCP UDP 8.3 TCP/IP TCP/IP Windows 98 Windows XP Windows 2000/2003 TCP/IP 1 hostname 2 ipconfig winipcfg ipconfig IP IP ipconfig/all IP DHCP DHCP winipcfg ipconfig ipconfig DOS Windows NT winipcfg IP Windows 98 3 ping tracert 7 191
4 netstat nbtstat netstal �r netstal �r r netstat interval netstat5 nbtstat NBT TCP/IP NetBIOS TCP/IP netstat - ping-? 1 OSI 2 TCP/IP 3 4 TCP 5 5 10 TCP UDP 192