1
2
1.1 1,800 / 150 / 1.,2000 2.,,82 10 / 1.8 170 / 38 /(93) 3
1.2 (Plasma)? % 4
( = 1 atm = 14.5 ev) T(K) 300 3,000 10,000 30,000 100,000 n i /(n i +n n ) 1.410-122 8.210-12 1.210-3 0.994 0.99999 n 0 (#/cm 3 ) 2.6910 19 2.6910 18 8.0710 17 2.6910 17 8.0710 16 Saha : n i /n n 2.410 15 (T 1.5 /n i ) exp(-u i /kt) n i (#/cm 3 ), n n (#/cm 3 ), T(K), U i (ergs) n 0 = n I + n n 5
6
1.3 10,000/ 2002,000 7
1.3 ( ) ( ) / ( ) (100% ) (20%) (MJ/kg) (%) 1. 1. 2. 2. (45% ) 3. ( 60% ) 8
1.4 9
2.1 10,000 10
11
2.1 1100 1000 VOLTAGE(V) 900 800 700 600 500 1300 LPM 1600 LPM 400 200 400 600 800 1000 CURRENT(A) 12
2.1 ( ) 13
2.2 H 2 COCO 2 C X H Y (Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 ) M + M + (M + SiO 2 ) M ++ (M ++ ) SiO 4 4 14
2.2 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 CaO MgO Fe 2 O 3 FeO 1723 () 2050 2570 2800 1565 1369 CaO/SiO 2 =1,CaOSiO 2 =85wt% CaO/SiO 2 =0.2-0.4,CaOSiO 2 =75wt% 15
2.2 ( ) 16
100kW 83-86 10kg/hr 1,700 1,650 86-90 1,200kW 55 ( 250kg/hr) 87-93 94 93-94 3MW / / 17
(kg/hr) 250( ) 1988-2001 40( ) 250 2003.11 / 125 PEAT 10 TPD (AC Torch) PEAT 2002 (BOO) 1,000 kw (DC Torch) PEC 1,000 kw (DC Torch) PEC 18
INER-10NT ( kw ) 5-15 Air/ N 2 INER-100NT 20-120 Air INER-800NT 50-800 Air/ N 2 INER-1200T 100-1,200 Air/ N 2 INER-3000NT ( ) INER-3000T ( ) 100-3,000 Air 19
( kw ) Marc- 3 Marc-11 Marc-31 Marc-100 75-150 250-2,000 1,000-3,000 3,000-10,000 Air Retech RP-75T RP-250T RP-600T RP-1000T 75(200) 250(600) 600(1,200) 1,000(3,000) Ar (Air) or (Europlasma) AQTIL AQHEL-20 AQHEL-40 AQCIM 100-1,000 1,000-2,000 2,000-5,000 200 Air Tetronics Twin torch 30-8,000 Ar (Air) Phoenix Solutions (PEC ) 300-1,500 Air 20
Retech Ebara ( ) EDF Europlasma CSM ( ) PACT-1 PACT-2 PACT-5 PACT-6 PACT-8 ( ) ( kw ) 200 200 600 600 1,200 1,500 kw 2 1,000 550 500 1,000 (kg/hr) 10 40 250 250 1,000 52 TPD 1,000 500 250 1M 3 / hr 21
(kg/hr) Zwilag 300( ) 200( ) PACT-8 10 TPD 70 TPD x 2 41 TPD x 2 (1 ) 24 TPD 52 TPD x 2 (1 ) 40 TPD 30 TPD (2) Retech Retech Europlasma 1997.02 2002.11 2001.04 1994.03 2000.03 1996-2000 1998-2003 2003.03 1999.04 1 3 2 4 5 4 1 5 2 2 1 22
( ) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 = 19.6% ( 9/46) = 65.2% (30/46) = 15.2% ( 7/46) 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 = 17.3% (13/75) = 69.3% (52/75) = 13.3% (10/75) 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 (KWH 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 (IGBT) 4 0 5 12 20 23 24 28 29 30 35 36 40 41 48 52 60 65 70 73 80 (Thyristor) (IGBT) (Thyristor) 23
4.1 / (1,200kW) 1,400~1,650 600~800 450,000 kcal/hr 450,000 kcal/hr 250 / ( / ) 50 / 40 / ( ) ( 80%) 55 ( ) 35 50 55 1,100 1.5~2-20-50 mmh 2 O 1,200 Nm 3 /hr 24
25
26
Cs Cal cines Bitumens Cement Waste products Vitreous slag Ceramics: Phosphate Devitrified phosphate glass Glasses: Borosilicate Phosphate Aluminosilicate Grouts 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1.0 Leach rate (g/cm 2 -day) 27
4.2 A B C D E F () (/cm 2 ) 0.53 1,500 9.9 1.82 2.89 2,808 1.51 1,500 2.8 1.49 2.81 4,668 0.83 1,500 7.3 2.1 2.82 3,342 0.93 1,500 4.6 1.51 2.85 2,905 + 0.97 1,430 5.5 1.84 2.89 541 11 + 0.88 1,430 5.3 1.4 3.30 2,662 11 + 0.86 1,430 4.7 1.4 2.86 3,332 11 + 0.82 1,480 8.8 2.6 2.76 1,450 11 Hg As Cr Zn Pb Cd Cu (A) 0.10 0.1 0.07 3.22 0.4 0.05 0.13 (B) 0.14 0.1 0.05 2.40 0.4 0.05 0.77 (C) 0.001 0.001 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (D) 0.0016 0.001 0.1 1.15 0.1 0.1 0.33 (E) 0.001 0.001 0.1 0.93 1.06 0.1 0.2 (F) 0.001 0.001 0.1 1.22 0.1 0.1 0.63 ( L) 0.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 28
kg g/cm 3 CaO/SiO g/cm 3 kg/cm 2 2 2.68 2783 540x 302h 1152 0.833 1.69 2.88 2.93 1309 2194 1.25 4.2 540x 300h 29
30
200 mesh SEM 31
Plasma water quenched slag 3.18mm Intensity Plasma water quenched slag X-ray 2 Theta(deg) 32
MTCLP (mg/l) 33
Properties 850 950 1050 1150 Density (g/cm 3 ) 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 Porosity (%) 29.7 29.2 31.0 33.1 Water absorption rate (%) Hardness (Hv)(GPa) Compressive Strength (MPa) 4-point Bending Strength (MPa) 13.7 13.1 14.2 15.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.8 29.9 44.6 45.9 56.2 30.8 30.2 35.5 40.7 850 950 1050 1150 34
30 1 ) (, ) ( /TPD) (TPD/ 12 1 41 1 600 1,333 1,500 50 44.4 36.6 1. + + + +SCR 2., 60 2 1,986 16.6 Europlasma 10 1 117 11.7 1. + EP + 2. 35
( /) ( ) (kw) /() (m x m) ( ) ( ) ( + )( ) A= (/ ) B= (/ ) A+B= (/ ) [ ] () [ 10 ] Case I 420,950 ( ) [ ] 64,200 7.56 1. 7200 2. 15; 6% 3. 5000/ 4.,,,, 5. :14, 5 /, 4 + +2 +2 6. :,,,, 7. 400 8. 50% 50 378,950 2,500 11,500 75 x 75 28,125 42,000 3.28 4.28 4.6 Case II 100 574,380 4,230 17,400 80 x 80 32,000 58,000 632,380 2.46 92,580 3.09 5.55 2.2 36
37
38
(PFC) 39
1,200~1,600 815 400kg/cm 2 2.8~3.2 40