7000() 10 1400 373 1900 1608 1970 3696 5000() 30 1500 446 1920 1790 1975 4066 2500() 40 1600 486 1930 1996 1980 4453 0(, ) 230 1650 545 1940 2252 1981 4530 1000 275 1700 623 1950 2525 1982 4607 1100 306 1750 728 1955 2757 1983 4685 1200 3481800 906 1960 3037 1984 4762 1300 384 1850 1171 1965 3354 1987 5000

1 1 Y = = a + bc a + bc Y x x

Td = ln 2 0. 7 r r

CO H O O 2 2 2

1 SOO 2SO2 2 3 H 2SO 2SO2H 2O 2

T C + λ T = Q ( 1) t

è è

è

2 + CaCO + SO + 2H + H O CaSO 2 H O + CO 3 4 2 4 2 2 + CaCO3 + NO 3 + 2H Ca( NO3) 2 + H 2O + CO2

VN E E N E E N E E P P c P P c P P c 1 1 2 2 3 3 N N N E E E P P P P P P 1 2 3 1 2 3 K p K e c =. K p F 1 VE F + R

- 2- - 2- + + 2+ Cl SO HCO CO Na K Ca Mg 2+ 4 3 2+ - Cl Ca HCO 3 3

- 4 2-3 - 3 2- + + 2+ 2+ 2 2 2 2 4 4 + 2-3 - 4 3-4 2-2 4-2 2 3 2 2 3 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

Lt kt kt = 10 L t = L10 L

9k 25k B k e e D = 100 [( 1 ) 8106. ( e) + + + )] 100 9 25

2 at K 2 t 4L K1La k1t k 2t k 2t D = ( 10 10 ) + D a 10 K K 2 1 K 1 L K K L a D = log = t L D 2. 3 td 1 2 1 b L L A B BOD A B BOD a b L D A B t D A B 1 K 2 D a ( K 2 K1) t c = lg [ 1 ] K K K L K 2 1 D c = 1 K K 1 2 K f = K a 1 L 10 1 a 2 1 k t c

1 2

2 2 3 2 3 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

dmw Q = J σm dt V m w w L [ P] = σ + ( / ) -1 a t a t w w

5

1 4 5 6 7 9 9 16 16 18 16 20 16 22 20 24

6

1 1 2

0.50

:

a

6 6

3. 4. 2 * 2. 3. 4. 1 *

34.69 29.5 15.2 2.0

Q P p t dqp P dt 2 dp d Qp Vp 2 dt dt Q = 0 Pdt D dq d dt

6 5 4

2