* DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2016.04.015 20 1980 1 1997 2 1 2 * 14BFX113 14AZD152 1986 27-62 2010 1980 39 46 61 72 78 2012 229 266
3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 2016 1 29 7 267
2016 4 Waldner Kettembeil 7 8 9 瑏瑠 7 8 9 瑏瑠 2009 107 1 35 7 109 268
瑏瑡 3 8 2002 10 7 2010 10 6 2003 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 2012 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 2013 265 2010 2013 5 1 40 269
2016 4 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 9 10 41 瑏瑨 1877 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 2003 367 2008 37 2000 6 270
1924 1976 278 3 2001 2001 139 139 1 2 3 4 5 瑏瑩 103 1 2001 瑏瑩 2015 42-43 271
2016 4 2001 2001 321 2003 4 30 2004 12 321 瑐瑠 199 瑐瑡 288 2 瑐瑢 296 1 瑐瑣 572 1 2 瑐瑤 8 2 瑐瑥 瑐瑠 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 瑏瑩 91 199 288 2 296 2012 229 瑐瑤 232 272
10 10 50% 4 10 瑐瑦 1 瑐瑦 2013 10-92 273
2016 4 2006 1 15 X 2008 1 11 2009 12 20 2006 1 2008 1 2 < > 168 2008 1 2009 12 50 000 2 2001 2003 1 23 2006 6 1 50 2001 8 15 1999 12 1 274
3 1 2 50% 50% 3 8 300 8 1 50% 2 3 8 3 8 8 1 1 275
2016 4 瑐瑧 1000 1 瑐瑨 2 瑐瑧 瑐瑨 276
3 2 277
2016 4 8 1 2 8 1 瑐瑩 瑐瑩 2015 5 29 5 278
瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 2012 2013 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 2006 2 2 2010 2007 3 2010 5 2006 21-22 2015 2 279
2016 4 瑑瑣 1 瑑瑤 230 瑑瑣 瑑瑤 2015 5 29 7 4 8 280
瑑瑥 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 瑑瑥 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 53 223 瑏瑦 360 7 129 281
2016 4 35 34 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 瑑瑢 58 282
瑒瑠 瑒瑡 瑒瑢 瑒瑠 瑒瑡 瑒瑢 1996 11 2008 6 2011 26 283
2016 4 瑒瑣 200 2015 瑒瑣 10% 284
226 228 230 35 8 105 瑒瑤 2005 11 瑒瑤 2012 14 285
2016 4 瑒瑥 2001 2004 35 Abstract Germany Japan and other civil law countries made regulations on surprise judgments when Civil Procedure Law was enacted and has been intensifying them in the past nearly 100 years. Even so the surprise judgment is still considered as the cancer of judiciary in Germany which is the evidence of its serious harm and the difficulty to prevent it. From the analysis of China s surprise judgments it can be seen that its severity and extent far more exceed the counterparts in other countries like Germany and Japan. Apart from the reasons roughly similar with other countries the emergence of surprise judgments in China has lots of its own features among which backward trail mode and unjustified assessment system are two major causes. Ambiguous court investigations sharply raise the rate of surprise judgments. In addition unreasonable case evaluation system makes it difficult for rectification of many misjudged case. To prevent surprise judgments the first approach is to introduce modern trial theory while the second is to strengthen due process to legitimate the judgment. 瑒瑥 286