ebook

12 6 12.1 12.1.1 P D S P D S IT P D S 1997 97 50 1) 2) P D S 3) 4) P D S 4 1) 2) 3) 4) 4 1) P D S

12 381 2) 3) 4) 5)

382 12.1.2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 5 0 8 0 12.1.3 1. P V C L S F R Z H 16 60

12 383 I S O IEC 60332-1 IEC 60332-3C IEC 61034 P V C IEC 60754 IEC 61034 IEC 60332-1 45 50 m m IEC 60332-3 CAT. C 4 m C AT. C 1. 5 L 20 m i n 2. 5 m IEC 60754 10 2 0 2. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 3. 10 B A S E - 5 100 500 m L A N L A N

384 L A N 4. E M C L C L L C T L S R 5. 5 155 M b p s EIA/TIA 568A I S O 11801 1 0 0 M H z M H z M b p s M H z M b p s 100 M H z 5 155 M b p s AT M 1000 M b p s 6. 350 M H z EIA/TIA 568A 5 U T P 100 M H z 5 U T P 100 M H z 6 U T P 200 M H z 10 2 0 1 5 2 0 7. 12-1 12-1 c m 380 V 13 < 2kVA 7 1 380 V 30 2 5 k VA 15 8 380 V 60 > 5 k VA 30 15 30 > 100 > 200

12 385 8. 10 M 100 m 5 00 m 10 M 3 1) 3 4 500 m H U B 180 m 2) 500 m 5 2 500m 3) R J 45 A U I 2 500m 3 000m 9. 1) S T P 2) U T P 3) U T P 10. 5 5 5 IEEE 802.3 G e o ff Thompson IEEE 802.3 ab/1000base-t D S P 5 100 m 5 5 5 12.1.4

386 1. (1) E M C V / M (2) (3) (4) 8 / U T P E M C 2. U T P 30 M H z U T P E M C 30 MHz

12 387 STP D i fferential Transmitted Signal Spectrum Radiated Emission Performance L C L SYSTIMAX SCS 384A 550 M H z EMC F T P U T P U T P L C L E M C E M C 0. 1 c m 50 M H z 1 d B 10 1 M H z 1 M H E M C V D U s U T P 82 S T P F T 8 U T P

388 U T P SYSTIMAX SCS UTP E M C E M U T P 5 350 M H z, 622Mbps AT M (1) PREN 50174 UTP U T P 10 M b p s 1 0 M H z 30 4 0 M H z U T P (2) U T P U T P U T P S T P

12 389 (3) I S O 11801 (4) 4 4 12.1.5 I S O / I E C I S O 11801 5 100 M H z 6 200 M H z 7 600 M H M H z M b p s M b p s M H z 5 100 M H z 5 100 M H z I E E E C a p 64 5 6 22 M b p s 1000 B a s e - T 5 1000 M b p s 3 10 M 5 100 M 6 I B M La Gaude AT M 155 120 M b p s E N 801-4 I B M

390 S F T P UTP 5 U T P 6 200 V 3500 SFTP 5 5 U T P 200 V U T P 220 V 12-2 12-2 UTP5 U T P 6 S F T P 5 U T P 5 U T P 5 U T P 6 U T P 6 S F T P 5 S F T P 5 0 V 0 1 2 0 M b p s 0 1 2 0 M b p s 0 1 2 0Mb p s 2 0 0 V 1 2 5 0 0 b p s 9 M b p s 6 5 0 0 M b p s 1 5 M b p s 0 1 2 0Mb p s 5 0 0 V 2 5 0 0 0 b p s 1 0 M b p s 1 2 0 0 M b p s 1 0 M b p s 0 1 2 0Mb p s 5 0 0 3 5 0 0 V 0 1 2 0Mb p s R J 45 6 5 2 0 12.1.6 15 2 0 2 5 8 15 25 18 8 5 3 C D C P U 8086 2 86 3 86 4 86 5 86 1 2 3 15 20 25 1) 25 E I A / T I A 568 A 25 T I A / E I A 5 6 8 A 2) 25 3)

12 391 4) 5) E I A / T I A 6) 7) 12.1.7 1. 15 2 5 2. 3. / 4.

392 5. 3 5 5 6 1) 2) 3 5 5 6 6. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) / 12.1.8 1. (1) 3 C O M 30 C A D / C A M

12 393 (2) 1 / 10 10 (3) 802. 3 (4) M I S (5) 10 / 100 M F D D I F D D I (6) AT M AT M 155 M b p s 6 22 M b p s AT M AT M / AT M 2. (1) 100 M b p s (2) 10 / 100 M b p s (3) F D D I 10 / 100 M b p s F D D I

394 100 / 1000 M b p s N I C F D D I F D D I F D D I 10 I n t r a n e t Internet 10 M b p s 1 00 M b p s 80 90 21 12.1.9 9 1) 2) 3) 4) C C T V 5) 6) C AT V 7) 8) 9) 1) 2) E I A / T I A 568 A 3) C C T V C AT V

12 395 4) D D C Direct Digital Controller 99 5) 12.2 12.2.1 U P S W VA U P S U P S U P S U P S W 1 VA W VA U P S U P S W U P S W VA U P S U P A VA W VA W = 0 1 W 1 VA W W VA 1

396 W VA 60 7 0 60 7 0 60 70 U P S 1 U P S W VA 60 7 0 100 W U P S 100 65 W VA W I B M VA U P S VA A P C U P S W VA 12.2.2 1) 2) W E B 3) 100 M 4) V L A N 64 V L A N V L A N 3 C O M I N T E L 5) P C I 12.2.3 Cut-Through S t o r e - a n d - F o r w a r d

12 397 1) Cut-Through S t o r e - a n d - F o r w a r d C u t - T h r o u g h C u t C u t - T h r o u g h F D D I F D D I C u t - T h r o u g h 34 F D D I Store-and-Forward C R C F D D I - E t h e r n e t C u t - T h r o u g h C u t F D D I F D D I 2) F D D I 200Mbps, 1 5 5 M b p s AT M 3) P C AT M I P F D D I 53 b y t e s C e l l 1500 AT M 1 28 5 80 AT M AT M C o n g e s t i o n, 155M bps AT M 50M bps

398 4) 1G bps 10 G b p s AT M A B C D E C A A B 12-1 SWICHmaster 12-1 G I G A s w i t c h / AT M S W T T C H m a s t e r 95 G I G A s w i t c h / AT M 10.4 Gbps 52 M b p s 1 3 6 22 M b p s AT M. 5) C P U S M P C P U C P U 6) M A C G I G A s w i t c h / F D D I 4 7) 8 = C = 8) C l i e n t / S e r v e r 100 M b p s F D D I 155 Mbps AT M 9) envisn(enterprise Intual Intelligent Switched Networks)

12 399 F D D I AT M F D D I AT M Fast Ethernet Personal Ethernet Switch H U B 10) M i c r o s o f t M S N 1 100 11) Digital 12) D i g i t a l V L A N M A C I P 13) 24 + F D D I 6 + F D D I 24 F D D I V L A N M e m o r y 13 1) 2) 3) 3

400 M A C M A C E t h e r n e t 24 1 00 E t h e r n e t E t h e r n e t L A N L A L A N 12.3 12.3.1 6 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 1. 6 / E 6 E I S O / I E C 6 1997 9 200 M H z A C R 1998 1 4 1998 5 12-3

12 401 Return Lose Power Sum N E X T E L F E X T Power Sum ELFEXT Propagation Delay Skew 1 2 00 M H z 12-3 6 / E 6 / E N E X T ( M H z ) ( d B ) ( d B ) P S N E X T E L F E X T P S E L F E X T ( d B ) ( n s ) ( n s ) 1 2. 2 7 2. 7 7 0. 3 6 3. 2 6 0. 2 1 9. 0 5 8 0. 0 5 0. 0 4 4. 2 6 3. 0 6 0. 6 5 1. 2 4 8. 2 1 9. 0 5 6 3. 0 5 0. 0 8 5. 8 5 8. 2 5 5. 6 4 5. 2 4 2. 2 1 9. 0 5 5 8. 0 5 0. 0 1 0 6. 5 5 6. 6 5 4. 0 4 3. 2 4 0. 2 1 9. 0 5 5 6. 8 5 0. 0 1 6 8. 3 5 3. 2 5 0. 6 3 9. 1 3 6. 1 1 9. 0 5 5 4. 5 5 0. 0 2 0 9. 3 5 1. 6 4 9. 0 3 7. 2 3 4. 2 1 9. 0 5 5 3. 6 5 0. 0 2 5 1 0. 4 5 0. 0 4 7. 4 3 5. 3 3 2. 3 1 8. 0 5 5 2. 8 5 0. 0 3 1. 2 5 11. 7 4 8. 4 4 5. 7 3 3. 3 3 0. 3 1 7. 1 5 5 2. 1 5 0. 0 6 2. 5 1 6. 9 4 3. 4 4 0. 6 2 7. 3 2 4. 3 1 4. 1 5 5 0. 3 5 0. 0 1 0 0 2 1. 7 3 9. 9 3 7. 1 2 3. 2 2 0. 2 1 2. 0 5 4 9. 4 5 0. 0 1 2 5 2 4. 5 3 8. 3 3 5. 4 2 1. 3 1 8. 3 11. 0 5 4 9. 0 5 0. 0 1 5 5. 2 5 2 7. 6 3 6. 7 3 3. 8 1 9. 4 1 6. 4 1 0. 1 5 4 8. 7 5 0. 0 1 7 5 2 9. 5 3 5. 8 3 2. 9 1 8. 4 1 5. 4 9. 6 5 4 8. 6 5 0. 0 2 0 0 3 1. 7 3 4. 8 3 1. 9 1 7. 2 1 4. 2 9. 0 5 4 8. 4 5 0. 0 2 5 0 3 6. 0 3 3. 1 3 0. 2 1 5. 3 1 2. 3 8. 0 5 4 8. 2 5 0. 0 6 100 m 90 m 10 m 4 12-2 b C C C* C a c 100m 90m a + b + c = 10m C = C* = 12-2

402 2. 6 6 6 (1) 6 100 100 (2) 3 / 3 3 6 12-3 6 N E X T Return Loss C a b C C c 12-3 3 3 6 R J 45 R J X X Y 12-4

12 403 6 6 12-4 6 (3) 12-5 6 C C 90m 2 12-5 (4) 6 A C R 3. 6 / E 6 NEXT PSNEXT( ) ELFEXT PSELFEXT ACR 4. PSACR / 4 1) C h a n n e l E I A / T I A I S O / C E N E L E C 2) Basic Link E I A / T I A 3) Cabling Link C E N E L E C 4) Permanent Link C E N E L E C 12-6 95

404 95 C C 12-6 12.3.2 1995 I S O 11801 D 5 100 M b p s 2 100 M H z 1997 9 I S O 6 7 99 6 200 M H z 7 600 M H I E E E 5 1000 B A S E - T 4 250 M b p s 5 PA M 125 M H z 4 1998 5 5 1. 4 Power Sum NEXT Power Sum ELFEXT Equal Level FEXT

12 405 2 3 d B 4. 77 d B 1000 B A S E - T A C R 5 A C R = P S N E X T- A t t e n u a t i o n A C R 4 d B 5 100 M H z 125 M H 100 B A S E - T 100 M 3 2 1000 B A S E - T 125 M 4 5 1000 B A S E - T 4 5 4 1000 B A S E - T 125 M / 1 4 / = 1 G b p s 1000 B A S E - T 2. 12-4 12-4 1 0 B A S E - T 1 0 0 B A S E - T 1 0 0 0 B A S E - T 1 0 M b p s 1 0 0 M b p s 1 G b p s 5 U T P 1 0 0 m 1 0 0 m 1 0 0 m S T P / 5 0 0 m 1 0 0 m 2 5 m 2 k m 4 1 2 m 5 5 0 m 2 k m 2 5 k m 2 0 k m 5 k m IBM ACS Silver Level 200 M H z G o l d L e v e l 600 M H z 12-5 12-5a) Silver Level M H z d B P S N E X T ( d B ) P S E L F E X T ( d B ) A C R ( d B ) 1 0 0 2 0. 5 4 4 3 4 2 3. 5 2 0 0 3 0. 5 4 0 2 8 9. 7 12-5b) Gold Level M H z d B N E X T ( d B ) A C R ( d B ) 1 0 0 1 8. 9 > 9 0 > 7 1. 1 3 0 0 3 3 > 8 0 > 4 7 6 0 0 4 8 > 7 5 > 2 7 IBM ACS 5

406 100 M H z 4 3. IBM ACS Silver Level R J 45 100 M H z 21 d B A C R 5 64 Gold Level I B M M i n i C 100 M H z A C R 61 d B 5 4. 6 7 D I N 44312-5 600 M H z I S O / I E C 7 7 4 R J 45 600 M H z 7 F Class F E 6 R J 45 200MHz ACR 6 99 5. C S M A / C D 1 0 / 1 0 0 B A S E - T 1 0 0 B A S E - T 10 M b p s 1 00 M b p s I E E E 802. 3 1000 M b p s C S M A / C D 5 U T P M A C P H Y 8 B / 10 B 5 U T P 100 m 12.3.3 5 1 00 M H z 1) 2) 3) 4) R F I E M I 1. 2 G b p s AT M 16 P C 2000

12 407 10 / 100 M b p s 5 125 M b p s 4 1000 M b p s 5 6 10 2 0 12.3.4 1000 B A S E - S X 1000 B A S E - L X 50 µ m 62. 5 µ m 2 k m L E D 62. 5 µ m L E D L E D C D VCSEL 622 M b p s 62. 5 µ m 5 0 µ m 62. 5 5 0 µ m 12-6 12-6 µ m M H z / k m m 1000 B A S E - S X 62. 5 160 850 n m 220 62. 5 200 850 n m 275 50 400 850 n m 500 50 500 850 n m 550 1000 B A S E - L X 62. 5 500 1300 n m 550 50 400 1300 n m 550 50 500 1300 n m 550 5 0 0 0 50 µ m 6 2. 5 µ m 50 µ m 1000 B A S E - S X 1000 B A S E - L X

408 S X 1) 220 m 1 60 M H z / k m 6 2. 5 µ m 1000 B A S E - 2) 200 M H z / k m 6 2. 5 µ m 275 m T I A T S B - 72 I S O 11801 300 m 92 550 m 62. 5 µ m 1000 B A S E - S X 62. 5 µ m 1000 B A S E - L X 3) 50 µ m 62. 5 µ m 2 d B L E D 10 B A S E - F 100 B A S E - F X 2 5 d B FDDI, 100VG-AnyLAN T I A / E I A 5 6 8 A 7 50 µ m 275 5 50 m 2. 5 G b p s AT M 550 m 2.5Gbps AT M 62. 5 µ m L A N 62. 5 µ m 30 12.3.5 AT M AT M AT M + AT M AT M AT M A M P AT M

12 409 3 5 AT M AT M AT M AT M B i l l AT M AT M AT M AT M AT M AT AT M AT M AT M AT M 12.3.6 1) b 6 6 A 6 B 2) 6 25 5 1000 B A S E T 12-7 12-7 5 e 6 A 4800 LX(6B ) 1 0 0 M H z 2 4. 0 2 1. 4 1 8. 4 d B / 1 0 0 m 2 0 0 M H z 3 5. 3 3 1. 5 2 7. 0 3 0 0 M H z 3 9. 7 3 4. 1 100 M H z 27. 1 37. 1 42. 0 d B 2 0 0 M H z 3 1. 8 3 7. 0

410 5 e 6 A 4800 LX(6B ) 3 0 0 M H z 3 4. 2 100MHz 3. 1 15. 7 23. 6 d B 2 0 0 M H z 0. 3 1 0. 0 3 0 0 M H z 0. 1 100 M H z 14. 4 20. 2 24. 4 d B 2 0 0 M H z 1 4. 2 1 8. 4 3 0 0 M H z 1 4. 9 1 0 0 M H z 1 0. 0 1 2. 0 1 2. 8 d B 2 0 0 M H z 9. 0 9. 8 3 0 0 M H z 8. 0 12.3.7 S T S T 8 6 2. 5 µ m 1. Light crimp plus A M P - 10 C + 60 C A M P LightCrimp Plus AMP S T / S C 12-8 12-9 12-8 LightCrimp Plus S T 4 9 2 6 4 2-1 62. 5 / 125 µ m S T 1 2 7 8 0 8 2-1 50 / 125 µ m S C 492643-1 62. 5 / 125 µ m S C 1278079-1 50 / 125 µ m S C 1278009-1 62. 5 / 125 µ m S C 1278080-1 50 / 125 µ m

12 411 12-9 LightCrimp Plus S T 4 9 2 6 9 7-1 S T 3 S C 1 2 7 8 0 2 2-1 S C 3 S T S C 1278118-1 S T S C 3 S T S C A M P S T S C TIA/EIA, IEC, CECC E N 2. S T S T S S T S < 0. 5 d B S T 3 d B S T 1) 220 V 2) 3) 1 m 4) 5 5) 6)

412 7) 3 c m 8) 9) 6 8 c m 10) S T 11) 12) ) 13) 14) S T S 15) S T 16) S T S 1 5 m i n 17) S T 18) 19) S T S 20) S T 21) S T 10 S T 22) S T S 10 23) S T 24) S T S S T 3 4 S 25) S T 26) S T 27) S T S T S 28) 29) 30) S T 12.3.8

12 413 1. (1) 5 m m 8 m m 5 m m 300 m 500 m 8 m m 600 m 1000 m 25 m m 2 4 7 1 4 28 P V C (2) 62.5/125 5 0 / 125 3 25 m m 300 9 0 (3) B I C C I M 2000 35 k g 40 m / m i n (4) 90

414 2. S T / S C 12-10 12-10 S T / S C S T / S C 12.3.9 3 1. O T D R T D O T D R 850 n m 1 300 n m S T F D D I M I C O T D R O T D R O T D 500 m O T D R 200 m 2. O T D R O T D R - 20-31 - 20 11 d B

12 415 3. S T S T S T 12.3.10 1. 2. 3 12-7 3. 4.

416 12-7 (1) 10 M b p s 100 M b p s F D D I AT M U T P E I A / T I A 568 A 3 U T P 10 M b p s 5 U T P 100 M b p s 5 6 7 100 M b p s 100 M b p 10 M b p s U T P F D D I AT M U T P UTP U T P 90 m U T P 2 k m 100 M b p s 622 M b p AT M 1 000 M b p s (2) 50 µ m 6 2. 5 µ m 125 µ m 2 k m 2. 5 G M H z 8. 3 µ m 125 µ m 3 k m 10 G M H z 4 6 8 12 4 (3)

12 417 10 M b p s 1 00 M b p s 1 000 M b p s 1 0 M / 1 0 0 M 5 5. 10 M H z I S P 2 M, 33. 6 K 6 4 K M P E G - 1 1 1. 5 M b p s M P E G - 2 10 M b p s 300 m 90 m 2500 m 12.4 12.4.1 5 : 1) M o d e m 2) D S L 3) C AT V H F C Cable Modem 4) 5) 1 998 N T T F T T B F T T C I S D N I n t e r n e t F T T H I S D N H D S L A D S L H D S L 56 K b p s I n t e r n e t I S D N / S O H O C AT V C AT I n t e r n e t A D S L x D S L I S D N Wo r l d

418 Te l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n 1 998 6 1997 I S D N 715. 4 1 35. 81 x D S L 6. 9 1. 63 200 I S D N 3093 180 x D S L 1898 164 x D S L x D S A P O N 1. H T T C H T T H O A N O A N (1) 12-8 O N U ONU (2) 12-8 O N U 12-11 1 2-11 F T T H O N U F T T C O N U F T T B O N U F T TO O N U F T T F F T T Z H F C O N U 3 F T T C F T T B F T T H 1) FTTC O N U O N U 2) FTTB 3) FTTH O N U V O D (3)

12 419 1 2-9 A D S A D S ONU ONU 12-9 A D S 1 2-10 P O N P O N P O N T D M W D ONU ONU ONU 12-10 PON (4) F T T H B - I S D N F T T H F T T H F T T C / H F 1) V5 V 5 I D L C H F S D V V 5 2) S D H S D H S D H S D H S D H A N

420 G S M 155 M b p s S D H O A M S D H S D H V C P D H AT M 3) AT M AT M - P O N A P O N AT M A P O N AT M P O N P O N AT M A P O N P O N A P O N F T T C / C / B / H 155 M b p s ; F T T C / C / B 622 M b p s 155 M b p s A P O N 1310 1 550 n m 1310 n m A P O N P O N T C M I T U - T A P O N A P O N A N A P O N 32 20 k m P O N 2000 1000 k m 4) AT M M P E G - 2 V O D AT M I T U - T A N AT M C B R V B R M P E G - 2 C B R M P E G - 2 C B R CBR MPEG-2 C B R M P E G - 2 V B R I T U B - I S D N A A L 2 A A L 2 M P E G - 2 AT M A L L 5 V O D AT M p i e c e - w i s e V O D V B R C B R 5) F T T L AT M S D V V O D S D V AT M

12 421 S D V H F C S D V P O N F T C H F C F T T L S D H AT M W D M 2. S RT R B S 3 5 5 0 k m 0. 5 5 k m 50 5 00 m I n t e r n e t (1) W L L D E C T C D M A P H S F D M A S C D M A W L L G S M / D C S P H S D E C T W L L W L L L M D S ( D B S ) (2) L M D S 28 G H z V O D L M D S 4 1 0 k m V O D 28GHz VOD 595 M H z S T B L M D S (3) D B S M P E G I n t e r n e t P P V

422 1) M M D S 2) V S AT 3) H F W 4) P C S 3. D S L 60 P C M 70 I D N 1972 C C I T T ISDN 80 I S D N 1987 B e l l c o r e D S L H D S L 1989 A D S L 90 H D S L A D S L x D S L (1) High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line, HDSL 1) H D S L H D S L D S L 1.5Mbps (T1) / 2Mbps (E1) 12-11 G703 1 G703 2 3 2) HDSL 1 2-11 HDSL 1. 5 M b p s 2 M b p s H D S L 3 5 k m 0. 4 0. 6 m m H D S L 3) HDSL 2 / C A 2 4 2 B 1 Q 3 2 B 1 Q 4) HDSL

12 423 H D S L LT N T H D S L 2 M b p s H D S L 5) HDSL ANSI T 1 E 1. 4 H D S L 2 B 1 Q 784 K b p s E T S I H D S L D T R / T M - 3017 6) HDSL 1 2-12 H D S L 12-12 HDSL 2 1168 K b p s 3 784 K b p s 4 512 K b p s 26 0. 4 m m 3. 5 k m 4. 0 k m 4. 6 k m 24 0. 5 m m 4. 5 k m 5. 0 k m 5. 5 k m 22 0. 64 m m 6. 0 k m 5. 6 k m 6. 5 k m 19 0. 9 m m 7. 2 k m 7. 9 k m 9. 0 k m (2) Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL A D S L V O D A D S L P O T S A D S L 224 6 40 K b p s 1. 544 9. 2 M b p s 2. 7 5. 5 k m A D S L s p l i t t e r A D S L 1) ADSL 1 2-12 A D S L A D S ADSL ADSL 12-12 ADSL 2) ADSL A D S L A N S I 1994 TIE 1.4 A D S L

424 D M T 6 M b p s 3) ADSL ADSL 16 6 40 K b p s 12-13 12-13 ADSL M b p s k m T 1 1. 5 4 4 6 E 1 2. 0 4 8 5 D S 2 6. 3 1 2 4 E 2 8. 4 4 8 3 4) ADSL A D S L D M T C A P DMT ADSL D M T A D Aware DMT ADSL CAP ADSL C A P We s t e l l CAP ADSL 5) ADSL A D S L I n t e r n e t 12-13 V.35 V.35 WAN ADSL ADSL WAN V.35 ADSL ADSL 10Base-T 12-13 A D S L WA N A D S L 12-14 ADSL 1.5 8Mbps 9.6 640Kbps Internet IBM Compatible 12-14 A D S L

12 425 ITU-T SG15 1998 1 0 A D S L G. 992. 1 G. 992. 1 1999 6 S G 15 G. 992. 1 A D S L D M T 6. 144 M b p s 640 K b p s G. 992. 2 splitter less A D S L D M T 1. 536 M b p s 512 K b p (3) Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, SDSL E 1 / T 1 H D S L S D S 2 B 1 Q, K b p s 2 M b p s 3 k m S D S L H D S L / S O H O I T U - T V D S L (4) Rate Adapted Digital Subscriber Line, RADSL R A D S L R A D S L A D S L 384 K b p s 9. 2 M b p s 128 K b p s 7 68 K b p s 5. 5 k m (5) Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line, VDSL V D S L A D S A D S L V D S L C A P D M T D W M T D W M T Wa v e l e t D M T V D S L A D S L V D S D M T V D S L A D S L 1 0 A D S L 12-14 V D S L V D S L 1 k m O N U V D S L V D S L H D T V 12-14 VDSL M b p s m 1 2. 9 6 1 3. 8 1 5 0 0 2 5. 9 2 2 7. 6 1 0 0 0 1. 6 2. 3 4. DDN 5 1. 8 4 5 5. 2 3 0 0 1 5 5 1 0 0 D D N D D N D D N 1 9. 2 D D N D D

426 5 D D N D D N D D D D N D D N 2048 K b p s D D N (1) D D N 12-15 D D N D D N D D N V.24 V.35 X.21 G.703 DDN V.24 V.35 X.21 G.703 IBM Compatible 12-15 D D N 2 4 4 I T U - T V. 24 G. 703 ( 64 K b p s ) V. 35 X. 21 G.703 2 048 K b p s (2) D D N D D N D D N 12-16 1) 2) DDN D D N ITU-T V. 24 V. 35 X. 21 2. 4 K b p s 1 2 8 K b p s (3) D D N

12 427 D D N V.24 V.35 X.21 2B+D DDN 2B+D V.24 V.35 X.21 IBM Compatible 12-16 D D N 2. 4 K b p s 4. 8 K b p s 9. 6 K b p s 6 4 K b p s D D N 12-17 X. 50 2024kbps 64kbps 2.5 MUX DDN 2.5 MUX 64kbps 12-17 D D N D D N 2.4Kbps 4. 8 K b p s 9. 6 K b p s 12-18 V. 24 V. 35 X. 21 D D N (4) D D N P B X

428 D D N V.24 V.35 X.21 64kbps DDN 64kbps V.24 V.35 X.21 (5) 2048 K b p s D D N 12-18 D D N D D N I T U - T G.703 2048Kbps D D N P C M (6) D D N D D N 1) D D N V.35 X.21 G.703 DDN V.35 X.21 G.703 V.35 X.21 G.703 12-19 D D N

12 429 D D N ITU-T G.703 V. 35 X. 21 12-19 D D N D D N 2) D D N D D N D D N D D N D D D D D D N D D D D D D N D D N D D N V. 24 V. 35 X. 21 G.703 2048Kbps 12-20 D D N DDN V.24 V.35 X.21 G.703 DDN V.24 V.35 X.21 G.703 DDN 12-20 D D N D D N D D N D D D D 3) D D N D D N D D D D N X. 25 X. 28 D D N 12-21 X.21/X.21( ) V DDN DDN 12-21 D D N D D N

430 D D N G. 703 V. 35 12-22 X.25 V.35 G.703 DDN V.35 G.703 X.25 X.25 V.35 G.703 4) D D N 12-22 D D N D D N 12-23 G.703 2 /4 G.703 2 /4 DDN 2 12-23 D D N D D N D D N D D D D N G. 703 2 / 4 5) 5 Cable Modem Cable Modem F Cable Modem F 10 B A S E - T 1 0 B A S E - 2 1 0 B A S E - 5 P C AT M P C R F P C P C R F

12 431 P C Cable Modem I n t e r n e t 33. 6 K b p s 56 K b p s A D S L C AT V C AT V Cable Modem Cable Modem / / N I C S N M P Hub S N M P Cable Modem 12-24 RF NIC ATM PC SNMP Cable Modem 12-24 Cable Modem Cable Modem, Cable Modem 3 I P Internet Protocol I P AT M Cable Modem Q P S K Q A M S - C D M A Q P S K V S B B P S K S - C D M A

432 R F T C P / I P E t h e r n e t AT M M A C Cable Modem M A C AT M S N M P O S S B S S HP Openview SUN Net Manager IBM Netview Cable Modem Cable Modem H F C I n t e r n e t 512 K b p s 1 0 M b p s Cable Modem Cable Modem I n t e r n e t V O D 5. ISDN 1972 I S D N I D N I S D N Integrated Services Digital Network C C I T T /

12 433 I S D N 64 K b p s 1 28 K b p s I n t e r n e t I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N (1) 1) ISDN 1 2-25 I S D N I S D N ISDN ISDN 64Kbps + 64Kbps + 16Kbps 64Kbps 12-25 ISDN D T E - D C E P B X LAN 4 K H z I S D N I S D N I D

434 P B X L A N 2) ISDN I S D N I S D N C C I T T C C I T T I S D N I S D N I S D N 64 K b p s I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N P D N I S D N I S D N CCITT ISDN X. I S D N (2) ISDN I S D N I S D N 1) B 64 K b p s 2) D 16 K b p s 3) C 8 1 6 K b p s 4) A 4 K H z B 1) PCM 2) 3) 64 K b p s P C M 6 4 K b p s D 12-15 B D

12 435 12-15 ISDN B 64 K b p s D 16 K b p s 64Kbps PCM 32 K b p s A 4 K H z C 8 K b p s 16 K b p I S D N 1 2-2 6 1. 192Kbps B+B+D + B B D 2. 1.544/2.048Mbps B B B D PC 3. + C A C A 12-26 ISDN 64 K b p s B 16 K b p s D 144 K b p s 192 K b p s 12-27 24 B 8 D 2 14 T D M 1. 544 M b p s 23 64 K b p s B 64 K b p s D T 1 2. 048 M b p s 30 B

436 D 64 K b p s 24 F B E D L FA S B E D F, FA E D L DC S B B 16/ D D 2/ 12-27 1) 400 8 00 K b p s 4 6 8 1 0 6 4 K b p s 2) 1. 544 M b p s 2. 048 M b p s 3) I S D N T D M (3) ISDN I S D N 12-28 I S D N ISDN ISDN ISDN IDN 12-28 ISDN 12-28, P B X I S D N Digital Pipe I S D N

12 437 P B X I S D N 12-29 N T 2 TE1 TE1 TE2 ISDN NT2 ISDN PBX ISDN 12-29 I S D N C C I T T I S D N B R I P R 12-3 0 D(16Kbps) B1-B2 D(64Kbps) B1-B23 B30 a) b) 12-30 B R I 64 K b p s B 16 K b p s D B R I / P R 32 B 1 D 1. 544 M b p s P R I I S D N I S D N D (4) ISDN

438 1) I S D N I S D N I S D I S D N 2 M b p s I S D N M b p s I S D N I S D N I S D N I S D N C C I T T 1. 412 B D H B 64 K b p s B D B 16 K b p s 6 4 K b p s H H H 0 H 1 H 2 384 K b p s 1 536 K b p s 1 920 K b p s I S D N I S D N ISDN B R I 64 K b p s B D 2 B + D 144 K b p s 2 B + D I S D N I S D N I S D I S D N I n t e r n e t B R I ISDN P R I P B X L A N 30 B + D B 64 K b p s D 64 K b p s 2048 K b p s H 2) I S D N I S D N Broadband ISDN, B - I S D N B - I S D 150 K b p s G b p s H D T V 1 00 1 50 M b p s B - I S D N B - I S D N I S D N

12 439 I S D N B - I S D N B - I S D N AT M B - I S D N 80 F G P S AT D 1988 C C I T T ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) B - I S D N AT M AT M AT M AT M AT M AT M B - I S D N I. 321 B - I S D N I S D B - I S D N 12-31 ATM ATM 4 AT M AT M 12-31 B-ISDN P M T C AT M AT M 4 AT M / AT M A L L S A R

440 AT M C S / 12.4.2 70 U T P 1. 544 M b p s T 1 80 I B M S T P 4 M b p s Token Passing LAN 90 U T P 10 M b p s 100 m I B M Token Ring 16 M b p s C D D I 125 M b p s AT M 1 5 5 M b p s M b p s M H z M b p s T P - P M D C D D I 125 M b p s M LT- 3 4 1 31. 25 M H z 10 1 2 0 1 5 U T P 100 M H z 6 200 M H z 10 1 U T P 12.4.3 / 4 Power Sum NEXT PSNEXT Power Sum Equal Level FEXT PSELFEXT Equal Level FEXT, ELFEXT 1 2-3 2 4 4 PSNEXT = 10Log 10 ( ) n 10 db 10 d B n= 1 4 n=1 2 3 d B 4. 77 d B 1000 B A S E - T A C R

12 441 5 A C R = P S N E X T- A t t e n u a t i o n A C R > 4 d B P SNEXT P SELFEXT Transmit/ Receive Transmit/ Receive HUB (T/R) (T/R) (T/R) (T/R) PC (T/R) (T/R) 12-32 / 5 100 M H z 125 M H 5 6 1999 12.5 T C P / I P 12.5.1 60 Norman Abramson A L O H A 4800 b p s 9600 b p s A L O H A E n t e r

442 1) 2) 1972 Bob Metcaife Xerox palo Alto PA R C X e r o x PA R C Bob Metcaife Xerox ALTO A r p a n e t A r p a n e t I n t e r n e t A r p a n e t A b r a m s o n A L O H A A b r a m s o n A L O H A M e t c a i f e A b r a m s o n A L O H A 100 1 972 M e t c a i f e David Boggs A LTO N O VA E A R S M e t c a i f e A LTO ALOHA 1 973 5 A LTO ALOHA M e t c a i f e A LTO - A L O H A E t h e r n e t 2. 94 M b p s A LTO 340 n s 2. 94 M b p 1976 100 1000 m M e t c a i f e B o g g s 1 976 6 1977 1 2 X e r o x Xerox Wi r e I n t e l D E C X e r o x X e r o x D E C 1979 1980 9 1. 0 D I X D E C I n t e l X e r o x 1. 0 20 M H z 10 M H z D I X 1982 2. 0 D I X I E E E L A N 802 1981 6 I E E E 802. 3 D I X 19 1982 1 2 I E E E 802. 3 1983 IEEE 10BASE 5 1. 1968 1 972 2. Xerox PA R C 1972 1 977 3. DEC I n t e l X e r o x 1979 1 983 3 c o m 1980 1 982 S t a r L A N 3 C o m C o m p u t e r C o m m u n i c a t i o n C o m p a t i b i l i t y

12 443 C o m 3 C o D E C I n t e l X e o r x 3 C o m 1980 8 U N I X T C P / I P 1980 2 1981 3 802 3 C 100 1982 9 E t h e r L i n k D O S 1) N I C S e e q 8001 2) IBM PC 3) 3 C o m S t a r L A N 1984-1987 1983 Bob Galin AT & T N C R U T P N C R AT & T U T P 1984 14 U T P U T P 1 2 M b p s 3 10 3 C o m D E C 10 1 M b p s 1986 I E E E 802. 3 1 B A S E 4. 10BASAE T 1 9 8 6 1 9 9 0 M e t c a l R a w s o n C S M A X e r o x S c h m i c l t S T P S T P U T P I E E E 802. 3 U T P 10 M b p s 10 B A S E - T 1 990 9 10 B A S E - T 5. 100BASE-T 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 5 100 B A S E - T 10 B A S E - T 1992 4 0 100 B A S E - T 10 B A S E - T 100 B A S E - T I E E E 802. 3 100 B A S E - T 1994 100 B A S E - T C S M A / C D L A N 1 0 B A S E - T 1 00 B A S E - T 10 M b p s 100 M b p 100 B A S E - T 6. 1000BASE-T 1 9 9 6 1995 11 I E E E 802. 3 1

444 1996 3 I E E E 802. 3 z G E A 1998 I E E E (1) 10Mbps 10 100 M b p s 1000 M b p s IEEE P802.3z 12-33 MAC / GMH 8B/10B PCS/ 1000Base-T Pcs 1000BASE-LX Xcvr 1000BASE-SX Xcvr 1000BASE-CX Xcvr 1000Base-T UTP Xcer / 1000Base-X 1000Base-T 12-33 1000 B A S E - S X 1 000 B A S E - L X 1000 B A S E - S X 62. 5 µ m 260 m 50 µ m 550 m 1 000 B A S E - L X 62. 5 µ m 440 m 50 µ m 550 m 3000 m 1 000 B A S E - C X 25 m 1000 B A S E - X P C S ANSI X3T11 8 B / 10 B P C S I E E E 802. 3 z 1 000 B A S E - T C S M A / C D 1000 B A S E - T 1000 M b p s 4 5 100 m G M H M A C T P C S

12 445 1000 B A S E - T 802.3z MAC 10 M / 100 M 10 M 100 M 100 M 1 000 M 1 0 M 10 M / 100 M I E E E 802. 3 I S O 550 m 5 100 m 1000 B A S E - T U T P 1000 B A S E - T 4 100 m 3 U T P 5 U T P 5 (2) 11 3 C O M B a y C i s c o C o m p a q G r a n i t e I n t e l L S I Packet Engines S u n U B V L S I 1995 11 I E E E 802. 3 1996 5 11 1996 7 I E E E 1997 1 802. 3 z / D 1. 0 IEEE 802.3 1997 3 100 M 5 8092. 3 a b 1997 5 1997 7 802. 3 1997 7 1 9 9 7 1 0 1997 11 802. 3 z / D 4. 0 1997 1 2 1997 1 2 1998 5 1998 5 802. 3 z 1998 6 802. 3 z 12-16 I E E E 802. 3

446 12-16 µ m 1 0 0 0 B A S E - S X 6 2. 5 2 6 0 m 1 0 0 0 B A S E - S X 5 0 5 2 5 m 1 0 0 0 B A S E - L X 6 2. 5 5 5 0 m 1 0 0 0 B A S E - L X 5 0 5 5 0 m 1 0 0 0 B A S E - L X 9 3 0 0 0 m 12-17 12-17 1 0 B A S E - T 1 0 0 b a s e - T 1 0 0 0 B A S E - T 1 0 M b p s 1 0 0 M b p s 1 0 0 0 M b p s 5 U T P 1 0 0 m 1 0 0 m 1 0 0 m S T P 5 0 0 m 1 0 0 m 2 5 m 2 k m 2 k m 5 0 0 m 3 k m 3 k m 3 k m (3) 1) F D D I 1 60 M H z k m F D D I D M D 1000 B A S E - S X 160 M H z km 62.5µm 260 2) 62. 5 µ m 1000 B A S E - S X 62. 5 µ m 62. 5 µ m 160 M H z k m T I A / E I A 568 A F D D I 200 M H z k m I S O / I E C I S O I E E E 8 0 2. 3 z 3) 160MHz k m 2 0 0 M H z km 62.5µm 160 M H z k m 1 995 2 00 M H z k m 99 160 M H z k m 185 M H z k m 160 M H z k m 250 4) I E E E 802. 3 z I E E E 802. 3 z I E E E 5)

12 447 1000 B A S E - L X 550 m 1000 B A S E - S X 50 µ m 550 m 6) MHz k m M H z k m M H z k m 1 60 2 00 7) D M D D M D I E E E 802. 3 z I E E E 8 0 2. 3 z 802. 3 z D M D 8) L E D 1 000 B A S E - S X 1000 B A S E - L L X 9) D M D I E E E 802. 3 z D M D D M D I E E E 1000 B A S E - S X 1 000 B A S E - L X D M D 1000 B A S E - L X I E E E 10) L A N

448 L E D L E D L E D D M D L E D L E D I E E E 8 0 2. 3 z 12.5.2 1. s t a r- s t r u c t u r e 12-34 12-34 1) 2) 3)

12 449 2. r i n g - s t r u c t u r e 12-35 12-35 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 3. b u s - s t r u c t u r e 12-36 12-36

450 1) 2) 3) 4) 4. d i s t r i b u t e d - s t r u c t u r e 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 5. t r e e - s t r u c t u r e 12-37 6. 12-37 12-38 7.

12 451 12-38 12.5.3 1. T I A A N S I T I A T I T I A T I A S TA R I S O / I E C 2., E I A / T I A - 5 6 8 E I A / T I A - 5 6 9

452 E I A / T I A - 6 0 6 T S B 6 7 I E E E 8 0 2. 3 I E E E 8 0 2. 5 F D D I C D D I AT M E I A / T I A / 1980 1991 E I A / T I A - 568 1995 E I A / T I A - 568 A E I A / T I A - 568 A T S B 36 T S B 40 T S B 40 (1) EIA/TIA-568A E I A / T I A - 568 M C T C WA 12-39 MC IC TC TC TC TC TC WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA WA 12-39 EIA/TIA-568A 1) M C T C 90 m I C 2) T C WA T C (2) E I A / T I A - 568 A 100 Ω 4 U T P 4 S T P 50 Ω (3)

12 453 E I A / T I A - 568 A U T P S T P / 50 Ω (4) 8 1 0 (5) E I A / T I A - 568 A 5 (6) UTP E I A / T I A - 568 A U T P 4 8 / 568 A 5 68 B 12-40 2 3 3 1 4 2 1 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 568A 568B 12-40 RJ-45 (7) E I A / T I A - 568 A U T P 5 13 m m 4 2 5 m m (8) E I A / T I A 568 A 12-41 IC A B MC C TC D WA 12-41 U T PA 3 00 m + B 5 00 m = C 8 00 m U T PA,B C < 90m

454 A 2 500 m + B 5 00 m = C 3 000 m A 1 500 m + B 5 00 m = C 2 000 m (9) E I A / T I A - 5 6 8 A 1) 20 m 2) 6 m 3) 3 m (10) 12-18 12-18 1 2 3 16 M H z 10 B A S E - T, TOKEN RING 4 20 M H z 10 B A S E - T, TOKEN RING 5 100 M H z AT M 5 e * 100 M H z AT M 6 * 200 M H z AT M 7 * 600 M H z * 1995 E I A / T I A - 568 A 3. I S O / I E C 11801 I S O / I E C 11801 I S O / I E C 11801 E I A / T I A 568 E I A / T I A 568 I S O / I E C 11801 1995 E I A / T I A 568 E I A / T I A A I S O / I E C 11801 12-19 12-19 EIA/TIA568A I S O / I E C 11 8 0 1 E I A / T I A 5 6 8 A I S O / I E C 11 8 0 1 H C F D I C M WA B D C D TO 100 Ω 4 U T P 1 50 Ω 2 S T P 120 Ω 2 4 U T P U T P / U T P / F T P 4 8 8 3 m 6 m U T P U T P 2 0 5 m 5 m U T P 5 0 T P C P 4. E N 50173 E N 50173 1995 I S O / I E C 11801

12 455 1) E N 50173 4 4 4 2) 100 Ω 1 20 Ω 3 5 16 M H z 1 00 M H z 12-20 12-20 ( M H z ) 1 0 0 Ω 3 1 0 0 Ω 5 1 2 0 Ω 5 1 5 0 Ω Ω 0. 064 125 2 5 125 2 5 125 2 5 1 100 1 5 100 1 5 100 1 5 150 1 5 30 30 30 30 1 0. 4 c 0. 6 c 0. 6 c 0. 6 c 1 0 0. 6 c 0. 6 5 c 0. 6 5 c 0. 6 5 c 1 0 0 0. 6 5 c 0. 6 5 c 0. 6 5 c 3 3 3 3 0. 008 0. 001 1600 1600 1600 1600 p F / k m 10 100 100 100 100 M Ω / m 150 150 150 150 M Ω / m / 750 V / m i n / 5 0 0 V / m i n 1 1 0 0 d B / 1 0 0 m 12-21 100 m 12-22 12-21 ( M H z ) 1 0 0 Ω 3 1 0 0 Ω 5 1 2 0 Ω 5 1 5 0 Ω 0. 064 0. 9 0. 8 0. 8 0. 256 1. 3 1. 1 1. 1 0. 512 1. 8 1. 5 1. 5 0. 768 2. 2 1. 8 1. 8 1 2. 6 2. 1 2. 0 1. 1 4 5. 6 4. 3 3. 8 2. 2 d B / 100 m 10 9. 8 6. 6 5. 7 3. 5 16 13. 1 8. 2 7. 1 4. 4 20 9. 2 8. 0 4. 9 31. 25 11. 8 10. 0 6. 9 62. 5 17. 1 15. 0 9. 8 100 22. 0 19. 0 12. 3

456 12-22 M H z 100 Ω 3 100 Ω 1 20 Ω 5 150 Ω N E X T ( d B ) N E X T ( d B ) N E X T ( d B ) 0. 7 6 8 4 3 6 4 6 2. 2 1 4 1 6 2 5 9. 9 4 3 2 5 3 4 8. 7 1 0 2 6 4 7 4 0. 4 1 6 2 3 4 4 3 5. 8 2 0 4 2 3 2. 8 3 1. 2 5 4 0 2 8. 2 6 2. 5 3 5 1 7. 9 1 0 0 3 2 1 0. 0 3) E M C E N 50173-1 V E N 50173 12-2 12-23 EN50173 A 100 M H z P B S 1 2 X. 2 1 I T U - T X. 21 : 1984 2 V. 11 I T U - T V. 11 : 1984 2 S 0 S 0 S 1 / S 2 B 100 M H z I T U - T 1. 430 : 1988 I S D N 2 4 I T U - T 1. 430 : 1988 I S D N 2 4 I T U - T 1. 431 : 1988 I S D N 2 4 1 0 B A S E - 5 I S O / I E C 8 8 0 2-3 : 1 9 9 3 2 C 100 M H z 1 0 B A S E - T I S O / I E C 8 8 0 2-5 : 1 9 9 3 2 4 M b p s I S O 8 8 0 2-5 : 1 9 9 5 2 1 6 M b p s I S O 8 8 0 2-5 : 1 9 9 5 2 D 100 M H z 1 6 M b p s I S O / I E C 8 8 0 2-5 : 1 9 9 2 2 ATM ( TP ) I T U - T AT M B - I S D N 2 T P - P M D ISO/IEC CD9314-X:1993 2 F O I R L I S O / I E C 8802-3 : 1993 2 1 0 B A S E - F I S O / I E C 8 8 0 2-3 A M 1 4 : 1 9 9 5 2

12 457 ISO/IEC TR11 8 0 2-4 : 1 9 9 4 2 F D D I I S O / I E C 9314-3 : 1995 2 S M - F D D I ISO/IEC CD9314-4:1991 F D D I 2 H I P P I - P H I S O / I E C 11 5 1 8-1 : 1 9 9 5 2 L C F - F D D I ISO/IEC CD14165-1:1994 F D D I 2 F C - P H ISO/IEC CD14165-1:1994 2 AT M I T U - T 1432 : 1992 B - I S D N 2 5. E I A / T I A - 568 A 1995 3 CECS 72:95 1995 8 1997 4 CECS 72:97 CECS 89:97 1997 5 CECS 72:95 1997 4 1 CECS 72:97 CECS 89:97 1999 6. 5 6 5 6 EIA/TIA 568A 1999 3 5 U T P 3 16 M H z 4 20 M H z 5 1 00 M H z 100 M H z E I A / T I A - 568 A I S O / I E C 11801 E N 50173 CECS 72:97 5 5 5 6 7 6 200 M H z 5 7 600 M H z 6 2. 4 G b p s AT M 5 4 5 1000 M b p s

458 12.5.4 TCP/IP 1. TCP/IP TCP/IP ( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol ) / Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency-DARPA 2 0 70 D A R PA T C P / I P D A R PA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.(BBN) BSD Unix T C P / I P 1993 1 A R PA N E T T C P / I P ARPANET T C P / I P N S F N e t T C P / I P T C P / I P E t h e r n e t T C P / I P I n t e r n e t I n t e r n e T C P / I P, T C P I P, T C P / I P T C P / I P d a e m o n 2. Internet I n t e r n e t I P 2 (1) I n t e r n e t 32 I n t e r n e t I P I n t e r n e t I P I P 32 8 I P I P I P 1 5 9. 2 2 6. 4 3. 2 6 159. 226 43. 26 / 1 ) 127 127 255 2 55 0 0

12 459 1 1 0 0 2 ) I n t e r n e t I P A B C D E 5 5 A A 0 1 8 31 A 0 126 1700 1. 0. 0. 1 1 26. 255. 255. 254 B B 10 0 12 15 16 31 B 10 16384 6. 5 128. 0. 0. 1 1 91. 255. 255. 254 C C 110 C 110 200 254 192. 0. 0. 1 2 23. 255. 255. 254 D D 1110 E 1111 I P A P N I C ( A P N I C ) I P C 3) 0 2 3 31 A

460 B C D E I P 0 I P A 1 0 I P B 11 0 I P C 111 0 I P D 1111 E I P 1 1 26 I P A 128 1 91 I P B 192 2 23 I P C 224 2 39 I P D 240 2 54 I P E 4) I P I P + + 32 I P I P / I P I P 1 I P 0 I P I P 32

12 461 0 1 300 9 0 ( 2 3 ) 1 11111111. 11111111. 11111110.0000 0000 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 (2) IP I P I P 1) I P 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) A I P (3) I P 1) / 2) / I P 1 2 1 16 12-24 12-24 I P 1 3 0 0 3 2 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 W. X. 2. 1 W. X. 3. 254 2 3 0 0 3 2 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 W. X. 4. 1 W. X. 5. 254 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 W. X. 6. 1 W. X. 7. 254 4 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 1 2 8 W. X. 10. 1 W. X. 10. 127 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 1 2 8 W. X. 10. 128 W. X. 10. 254 6 2 0 0 2 5 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 W. X. 8. 1 W. X. 8. 254 7 2 0 0 2 4 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 0 W. X. 9. 1 W. X. 9. 254 8 5 0 6 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 1 9 2 W. X. 11. 1 W. X. 11. 63 9 5 0 6 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 1 9 2 W. X. 11. 64 W. X. 11. 127

462 1 0 8 5 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 1 9 2 W. X. 11. 128 W. X. 11. 191 11 8 1 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 0 W. X. 12. 1 W. X. 12. 15 1 2 8 1 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 0 W. X. 12. 16 W. X. 12. 31 1 3 8 1 0 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 0 W. X. 12. 36 W. X. 12. 47 1 4 6 6 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 8 W. X. 13. 1 W. X. 13. 7 1 5 6 6 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 8 W. X. 13. 8 W. X. 13. 15 1 6 6 6 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 4. 2 4 8 W. X. 13. 16 W. X. 13. 23 2 I P A I P 88 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 2 5 5. 0 1) I P IP 88 IP 1 2 54 I P 1 2 50 1 5 0 51 2 5 ( 250 2 54 I P ) IP 1 2 54 2) I P IP 88 I P 1 2 54 1 2 3 4 2 5 4 IP 251 2 54 I P 1 2 54 1 2 54 1 2 54 12.5.5 I P v 6 I n t e r n e t I P I P I P v 4 T C P / I P I P A B C D E C B C I P C 2007 I P I E T F 1 990 I P I P v 6

12 463 1) 2) I P v 6 9 1) 2) 3) 4) I P 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) N I P v 6 128 b i t I P I P v 6 128 I P v 6 I P v 6 1. IPv6 1) 2) 3) I P T C P / I P I P T C P / I P I P v 4 I P v 6

464 0000 0001 I P v 6 16 I P I P v 4 12-42 3 n 010 ID ID ID ID 10 n m o p 128-3-n-m-o-p ID a) IP 128-10-n 1111111010 0 ID b) 10 n 1111111010 0 ID m 128-10-n-m ID 8 c) n 96 11111111 0 TCP/IP(IPv4) d) IPv4 0 4 4 112 12-42 IPv6 A n d r e w Computer Networks I P v 6 12-25 ID f) 128-n 32 e) 0000 0000 I P v 4 1 / 256 0000 0001 1 / 2 5 6 0000 001 OSI NSAP 1 / 1 2 8 0000 010 Novell NetWare IPX 1 / 1 2 8 0000 011 1 / 1 2 8 0000 1 1 / 3 2 0 0 0 1 1 / 1 6 0 0 1 1 / 8

12 465 010 1 / 8 011 1 / 8 100 1 / 8 101 1 / 8 110 1 / 8 1110 1 / 16 1111 0 1 / 32 1111 10 1 / 64 1111 110 1 / 128 1111 1110 0 1 / 512 1111 1110 10 1 / 1024 1111 1110 11 1 / 1024 1111 1111 1 / 256 2. IPv6 I P v 6 I P I P 12-43 1 4 8 16 24 32 IP 16 IP 16 12-43 12-43 IPv6 I P v 6 40 4 b i t 6 I P v 6 4 b i t 0 7 8 1 5 24 b i t 16 b i t I P v 6 40

466 8 b i t 6 8 b i t 1 0 I P I P 16 128 b i t I P I P 16 128 b i t 3. IPv6 I P v 6 extension header 6 12-2 12-26 IPv6 4. I P v 6 24 b i t T C P 5. I P v 6 4 b i t 8 T C P I P v 6 I n t e r n e t F T P 8 15

12 467 6. IPv6 I P v 6 12-44 I P v 6 P D U 1) Hop-by-hop options header 2) Routing header I P v 4 3) Fragment header 4) Authentication header 5) Encapsulating security payload header 6) Destination header IPv6 12-44 IPv6 12.6 1. 1) 2) 3) 4)

468 5) 6) 7) 2. (1) (2) (3) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) (4) (5)

12 469

1... 1999. 2... 1999. 3... 1999.7. 4... 1999.7. 5... 1999.7. 6... 1999.7. 7... 1999.7. 8... 1999.7. 9... 1999.8. 10... 1999.8. 11... 1999.8. 12... 1999.8. 13... 1999.8.23. 14... 1997. 15... 1999.