1 2 3 4 5 6 Internet 7 8
9 Internet 10 Internet 11 12 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
1.1 1.1.1 20 50 20 60 ARPANET ARPANET Internet
20 70 ISO International Organization for Standardization TCP/IP 20 90 Internet ATM asynchronous transfer mode Internet ATM 1.1.2 1946 ENIAC 20 50
SAGE 241 IBM 60 2000 SABRE\ 1
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET ARPA 1969 1969 ARPANET 1973 ARPANET 40 1983 100 ARPANET ARPANET TCP/IP Internet ARPANET OCTOPUS CYCLADES WWWN EIN
70 PDN TELENET DATAPAC TRANSPAC PSS DDX 70 1972 Newhall 1976 Xerox Ethernet 1974 Cambridge 80 1.1.3 IBM SNA System Network
Architecture DEC DNA Digital Network Architecture UNIVAC DCA Distributed Computer Architecture Internet ARPANET 70 TC97 SC 16 ISO OSI Open System Interconnection ISO/IEC 7498 80 ISO OSI ISO/OSI ISO/OSI
80 Ethernet token bus token ring FDDI, fiber distributed data interface 90 / Ethernet 10Mbps NetWare Windows NT Server IBM LAN Server UNIX / TCP/IP
1.1.4 Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet IP 90 21 1993 9 NII National Information Infrastructure NII
2010 Super Janet Minitel 10 1995 2 GIIC Global Information Infrastructure Committee Internet ATM
ATM 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps 1 G 1 000 M bps Ethernet 10 Gbps Ethernet 21 1.2 1.2.1
1. 2.
3. 1.2.2 1. 1.1 1.1
(1) host (CCP) terminal (2)
2. 1.2
1.2 1.3 1.3.1
1.3.2 1. - 2. - - 4 (1)
\ (2) \ (3) (4)
1.4 1.4.1 ; ; broadcast networks point to point networks
1. 2. -
1.4.2 LAN local area network MAN metropolitan area network WAN wide area network 1. 2. 3.
1.5 1.5.1 1.3
1.3
1. protocol 1.4
1.4
2. protocol layer interface architecture
3. network architecture implementation
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1974 IBM SNA system network architecture OSI
1.5.2 ISO/OSI 1. OSI CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone CCITT ISO CCITT ISO CCITT ISO 1974 ISO ISO/IEC 7498 7 OSI Open System Internetwork OSI interconnection interoperation portability CCITT X.400 2. OSI OSI OSI OSI
OSI architecture service definition protocol specification OSI OSI OSI OSI OSI OSI OSI
3. OSI OSI ISO 7 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) OSI 1.5 primitive PDU protocol data unit PDU PDU PCI protocol control information PDU ICI interface control information PDU PCI ICI IDU interface data unit IDU ICI
SDU service data unit SDU 1.5 4. OSI (1) OSI physical layer (2) OSI data link layer 2
(3) OSI network layer 3 (4) OSI transport layer 4 end-to-end (5) OSI session layer 5 (6) OSI presentation layer 6
(7) OSI application layer 5. OSI OSI OSI OSIE OSI environment 1.6 OSI 7 OSI 1.6
A B 7 A B A B A B OSI A A A CCPA CCPA CCPA A CCPA CCP CCPB CCPA CCPB CCPB B B B B B 1.7 OSI OSI A
message packet frame B A B
1.7 A OSI B OSI A B 1.5.3 TCP/IP 1. TCP/IP OSI OSI
Internet TCP/IP ARPANET ARPA ARPANET interconnection intercommunication ARPANET ARPANET TCP/IP TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP 1974 Kahn TCP/IP 1985 Leiner 1988 Clark Internet TCP/IP
TCP/IP TCP/IP 2. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP OSI 7 1.8 TCP/IP OSI 1.8TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP application layer ; transport layer ; internet layer ;
host-to-network layer TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP OSI 1.8
(1) TCP/IP \ IP TCP/IP TCP/IP Ethernet X.25 IP TCP/IP (2) TCP/IP OSI IP IP
(3) TCP/IP 3 - - TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP TCP Transport Control Protocol TCP byte stream TCP byte segment TCP UDP User Datagram Protocol
UDP (4) TCP/IP Telnet FTP File Transfer Protocol SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol DNS Domain Name System IP SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol RIP Routing Information Protocol NFS Network File System
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol WWW TCP UDP TCP UDP TCP UDP TCP UDP 1.5.4 OSI TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP Internet OSI OSI TCP/IP
Andrew S.Tanenbaum 5 OSI 1.9 1.9
1.6 (1) (2) Internet (3) (4) (5),
(6) (7) 7 OSI OSI OSI (8) TCP/IP Internet 1.1 ( ) A. OCTOPUS B. ARPANET C. DATAPAC D. Newhall 1.2 A. B. C. D. 1.3 ( )
A. B. C. D. 1.4 ( ) A. B. C. D. 1.5 ( ) A. B. C. D. 1.6 ( ) A. B. C. D. 1.7 OSI ( ) A. B. C. D. 1.8 OSI ( ) A. B. C. D.
1.9 TCP/IP OSI ( ) A. B. C. D. 1.10 TCP/IP UDP ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 ISO OSI 1.17 OSI 1.18 OSI TCP/IP