5 46
(native plants) (naturalized plants) (invasive plants)
2005 1970 1999 2002 Lin, L. J., et al, 2009 2000
1951 40 77 121 267 1951 1999 50 123 209 828 1999 1999 50% 1,000 2,000 1,000 2002 1,000 1995 2003 (1938)
47 1924 579 135 1999 7 1991 17 9 1995 21 2002 2003 500 1999 2000
12 2000 2002 23 2004 16 80% 2004 20 (1) 2000 (2) 1975 1978 2003 5,000 (3)
1995 1994 1995 1995 1989 1991 1999 500 1999 11 1993 13 8 10 7 1997 1999 1 2 1992 38 28
11 1995 1965 1991 2003 1989 1993 1978 19992000 27 1924 61 1998 93 520 2012
90% Impatiens walleriana Gaillardia pulchella var. picta
90% Muntingia calabura Ipomoea aquatica Coix lacryma-jobi Digitalis purpurea Tithonia diversifolia Leucaena latisiliqua Pennisetum purpureum Ricinus communis Mikania micrantha2000 Ambrosia artemisifolia Parthenium hysterophorus Pluchea carolinensis Chromolaena odorata Rhynchelytrum repens Pluchea sagittalis Eichhornia crassipes Zebrina pendula Tradescantia fluminensis Ipomoea carica Brugmansia suaveolens
Phyllostachys heterocycla Pubescens Anredera cordifolia ( aerial bulblets) Impatiens walleriana Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew 2003 Pilea nummulariifolia (Swartz) Weddell Persicaria capitata (Burch.-Ham. ex D.Don Rivina humilis L. 1998 2004 2008 Boerhavia coccinea Mill. 2005 Boerhavia erecta L. 2004 Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. 2007 Pupalia micrantha Hauman 2006 Cinnamomum burmannii (nees) Blume 2008 Semiaquilegia asoxoides (DC.) Makino 2004
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth 1978 Lepidium bonariense L. 2005 Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Thlaspi arvense L. Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria Matsum. 1996 2005 2006 2009 Mimosa pigra L. 2001 Neptunia gracilis Benth. 1996 Trigonella hamosa Forssk. 1999 Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit. ex Ait. Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Herit. ex Ait. Geranium molle L. Geranium pusillum L. Acalypha aristata Kunth Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Croton bonplandianus Ballon Euphorbia graminea Jacquin Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet 1996 1993 2005 2007 2009 2004 2006 2005 1997 1982 Abutilon hirtum (Lamak.) Sweet 1982 Malachra capitata (L.) L. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Melothria pendula L. 1987 1997 2001
Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson Anagallis minima (L.) E. H. L. Krause Sherardia arvensis L. 2001 1996 2008 2009 1999 Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. 2009 Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Ipomoea hederifolia L. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. Trigonotis peduncularis (Trev.) Bentham ex Bakes & S. S. Moore 2006 2001 2006 1987 2002 2001 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) 2003 Vahl. Verbena brasiliensis Vell. 1997 Coleus amboinicus Lour. 1998 Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. 2005 Lamium hybridum Vill. 2006 Lamium purpureum L. 2009 Cyphommandra betacea (Cav.) 2008 Stendt. Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. 1997 Nicotiana alata Link & Otto. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Vivitani Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Solanum mauritianum Scop. 1962 2007 2003 2003 Mecardonia procumbens (Mill) 2001
Small Veronica hederifolia L. 2009 Asystasia gangetica (L.) Anderson subsp. micrantha 2005 (Nees) Ensermu Ruellia tuberose L. 2002 Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Acmella brachyglossa Cass. Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass. 1984 Acmella uliginosa (Swartz) Cass. Ageratina riparia (Regel) R. M. King & H. Rob. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob. Centratherum punctatum Cass. subsp. fruticosum (idal) Kirkman. 2002 2008 2008 2007 2009 2004 2006 1999 Clibadium surinamense L. 2008 Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. f. Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Swartz) Sch.-Bip. 2009 2006 Emilia praetermissa Milne.-Redh. 2009 Erigeron bellioides DC. 2009 Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze Helianthus debilis Nuttall subsp. cucumerifolius (Torrey & A. Graay) Heiser Hypochaeris glabra L. Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabrera var. albiflora (Kuntze) Cabrera Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter 2008 2008 猫 2008 猫 2009 2006
Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D'Arcy Senecio inaequidens DC. 2009 2005 Tagetes minuta L. 2006 Egeria densa Planchon Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson 2008 2008 Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. 2008 Cyperus alternifolius L. Cyperus eragrostis Lam. Cyperus esculentus L. Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex kunth. Agrostis avenacea J. F. Gmeil. 2008 2007 2007 2009 2008 2006 Agrostis stolonifera L. 2006 Alopecurus pratensis L. 2006 Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. 2006 Bromus commutatus Schrad. Bromus hordeaceus L. Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. Cenchrus ciliaris L. Chloris divaricata R. Br. var. divaricata Chloris divaricata R. Br. var. cynodontoides (Balansa) Lazarides Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. 2009 2006 2006 2004 2009 2009 2009 2008 Eragrostis cruvula (Schrad.) 2008
Nees. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. 2008 Holcus lanatus L. 2000 Poa compressa L. 2006 Poa ptatesis L. 2006 Poa triialis L. 2006 Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss ex Stapf. & Hubb. 2006 Spartinna alterniflora Loisel. 2009 Sporobolus tenuissimus (Mart. ex 2005 Schrnk) Kuntze Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. 2009 Musa balbisiana Colla 2007 35 没 700
Austroeupatorium inulifolium Solanum mauritianum 2000 2006 2010
奬
The Present Condition of Exotic Plants in Taiwan Hsin-fu Yen National Museum of Natural Science Abstract There are abundant exotic plants in Taiwan, but without any systematical records. According to the utilization types, exotic plants may be classified into 5 major items. They are food, pharmacy, living - necessity, ornamental and agricultural profit. In present, total 46 families of exotic plants are recorded in Taiwan Flora newly. In this paper, I shall discus about the naturalization condition of agronomical and horticultural crops. On the other hand, I shall explain the new record of naturalized plants post Flora of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). Keywords: Taiwan, Exotic Plants, Introduction, Utilization, Naturalize