4G LTE TeliaSonera 2009 (Stockholm, Sweden) (Oslo, Norway) LTE 2010 NTT DoCoMo Verizon MetroP LTE 3G TD-SCDMA 3GPP TD-LTE LTE 4G 2012 2014 LTE LTE TD-LTE 3GPP GSM/WCDMA (eco-system) ; LTE : (2010 ) (Mobile Data Traffic) (Mobile Voice Traffic) : ( ) 280% (YoY) 140,000 (Tera Byte) / (PC card/module) ( ) (CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate) 30% ( ) ( ) (NASDAQ:ERIC) ( ) (CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate) 5%
Global Mobile BB subscriptions Global Mobile operator revenues 4 000 1 600 Subscriptions (million) 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 BUSD 1 200 800 400 28% CAGR 500 0 2009 2015 0 2009 2012 2015 : ( : Ericsson Internal) 3GPP HSPA LTE 80% ( ) : HSPA LTE 2015 80% ( : Ericsson Internal) 2010 3GPP GSA (Global mobile Supplier Association ) 2010 10 150 365 HSPA 41 73 HSPA+ 127 HSPA+ 235 2579 HSPA ( 9 840 48% ) HSPA 3.8 ( )
LTE 41 101 LTE ( ) : 41 101 LTE ( : GSA 2010 10 ) IEEE WiMax 2005 802.16e ABI Research 2010 WiMax 2015 3GPP
: LTE 4G 4G : (Eco-system) 3GPP 3GPP LTE 3GPP HSPA 3GPP 2 EVDO IEEE WiMax LTE ( ) GSM Track (3GPP) GSM WCDMA HSPA TD-SCDMA LTE & TD-LTE CDMA Track (3GPP2) CDMA One EVDO Rev A WiMax Track (IEEE) (Fixed WiMax) Mobile WiMax 2001 2005 2008 2010 : LTE 4G LTE : (cost per bit) 160Mbit/s 4 HSPA/EV-DO LTE (cost per bit) LTE (EPC: Evolved Packet Core) IP LTE 3G 3GPP LTE 450MHz 2600MHz 1.4MHz 20MHz GSM/WCDMA CDMA LTE LTE (MSR: Multi Standard Radio) (Evo RAN) LTE GSM / WCDMA ( ) (MSR: Multi Standard Radio) 2G GSM 3G WCDMA
GSM / WCDMA / LTE (Evo RAN) GSM WCDMA ( BSC RNC) ( ) MSR GSM/WCDMA/LTE Power GSM WCDMA LTE Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 Frequency Simultaneous radio capacity: GSM 3x4 900 GSM 3x4 1800 WCDMA 3x4 2100 LTE 3x20MHz 2600 : (MSR) (Evo RAN) LTE ( ) LTE LTE LTE- TDD TD-LTE 3GPP ( IOT ) TD-LTE (eco system) 2.3 GHz TD-LTE TD-LTE LTE TD-LTE (unpaired spectrum) (DL/UL Duplexing) (Physical Layer) (Frame Structure) TD-SCDMA (Frame Structure) TD-SCDMA ( TD-LTE )
LTE Frame Structure One Radio Frame, Tframe = 10 ms One subrame, Tsubframe = 1 ms subrame # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 9 # TD-LTE Frame Structure TDS-CDMA Frame Structure TDS-CDMA Frame Structure Adjustable UL/DL Switching Point (Special Frame) One Radio Frame, Tframe = 10 ms (Special Frame) subrame # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 9 # 10 GP DwPTS UpPTS GP: Guard Period DwPTS : Downlink Pilot Time Slot UpPTS : Uplink Pilot Time Slot DwPTS GP UpPTS One Half-frame: 5 ms : TD-LTE LTE TD-SCDMA : TD-LTE (Physical Layer Frame Structure) (UL/DL Allocation) TD-LTE LTE ( ) TD-LTE LTE LTE TDD
f DL f UL f DL/UL TDD 易利信展望 和 TDD 框架結構 (Frame Structure) FS1 為 FS2 為 TDD ( 考慮與 的一致性以及與 TD-SCDMA 的兼容性 ) L2&3 Common upper L1 parts (coding, etc) L1 從規範角度來看, 超過 95% 的部分都是相同的! FS 1 FS 2 TDD : TD-LTE LTE TD-LTE WiMAX TDD LTE TD-LTE ( ) : TD-LTE ( :NAT Rysavy Research CDG-QCOM) ( ) TD-LTE (TDD: Time Division Duplexing) LTE LTE TDD LTE 4G LTE LTE
LTE? LTE (Regulator) 3GPP LTE (Spectrum Flexibility) (Requirement) 1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5MHz 10MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz LTE (Spectrum Band Candidates) ( ) Band Identifier Frequencies (MHz) Band Identifier TDD Frequencies (MHz) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IMT Core Band P 1900 GSM 1800 AWS (US & other) 850 850 (Japan #1) IMT Extension GSM 900 1700 (Japan) 3G Americas 1920-1980/2110-2170 1850-1910/1930-1990 1710-1785/1805-1880 1710-1755/2110-2155 824-849/869-894 830-840/875-885 2500-2570/2620-2690 880-915/925-960 1750-1785/1845-1880 1710-1770/2110-2170 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 TDD 2000 TDD 1900 P Center Gap IMT Extension Center Gap China TDD 2.3 TDD LTE TDD 2600 US 1900-1920 2010-2025 1850-1910 1930-1990 1910-1930 2570-2620 1880-1920 2300-2400 2496-2690 11 12 13 14 1500 (Japan #1) US 700 US 700 US 700 1428-1448/1476-1496 698-716/728-746 777-787/746-756 788-798/758-768 Band Additional being specified (&TDD) Identifier Frequencies (MHz) 3.5 GHz 3400-3600 17 US 700 704-716/734-746 3.7 GHz 3600-3800 18 850 (Japan #2) 815-830/860-875 19 20 21 850 (Japan #3) Digital Dividend 1500 (Japan #2) 830-845/875-890 832-862/791-821 1448-1463/1496-1511 Planned to launch in 2010 Planned to launch in 2011 or later 1.4 3 5 10 15 20 MHz : 3GPP LTE (spectrum harmonization) (spectrum harmonization)
(spectrum harmonization) LTE LTE 700 MHz (3GPP Band 12 13 17) LTE 2.6GHz (3GPP Band 7) FCC (Digital Dividend Band) 2008 Verizon AT&T LTE (CEPT: Confederation of European Posts and Telecommunications) 2.6GHz ( ) ( ) 歐洲郵電管理委員會的頻帶規劃建議為 : 2 x 70 MHz + 50 MHz TDD Uplink TDD Downlink 2500 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2690 MHz 20 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz TDD <50 MHz 20 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 瑞典 2.6 GHz 頻段標售情形 (2008 年 5 月 ) Tele2 Sverige AB HI3G Access AB TeliaSonera Mobile Networks AB Telenor Sverige AB Intel Capital Corporation : CEPT 2.6GHz (ITU-R) 2007 WRC-07 M.2078 WBA (Wireless Broadband Access) 2020 1720 MHz 430 MHz
(spectrum harmonization) LTE ( ) LTE 20 MHz 170 Mbps LTE (spectrum license) (Band Plan) 10 MHz 20 MHz; TDD 20 MHz LTE LTE 4G ( ) 2010 800 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz ( ) HSPA + 5MHz (Multi Carrier) 42 Mbps LTE LTE (Packet Data) 3GPP LTE VoIP (Feature) LTE (Telephony Service) LTE (Telephony Service) (Future-Proof) 3GPP MMTel (IMS Multimedia Telephony) ( ) Telephony-over-LTE (FB: Circuit Switch FallBack) ( ) 2G/3G (Circuit Switch) IP MMTel ( )
Fallback MMTel LTE/ 3G UE Fallback for Voice call LTE/ 3G UE MME eutran/ / EPC PS UTRAN Paging, SMS MSC LTE LTE LTE LTE HSPA LTE HSPA HSPA HSPA LTE MSS Packet Core Local IMS P-CF Home HLR HSS SCC AS IMS MMTel Home Based Service : Telephony-over-LTE : MMTel FB One Voice Initiative (Baseline Profile) 2010 GSMA (GSM Association) LTE One Voice Initiative Baseline Profile GSMA VoLTE Profile ( ) ( ) MMTel 3GPP IMS ( ) Circuit Switch Fallback LTE (Access Network) LTE 2G/3G (Circuit-Switch Domain) ( ) GSMA IMS Profile for Voice and SMS Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Profile GSMA IR.92 VoLTE Profile ( ) IMS (Requirement for IMS Feature) (Requirement of Media Handling & Control) (Requirement of Bearer Management) (Requirement of Radio Feature & Performance for Voice) (Requirement of Common Functions)
: VoLTE Profile LTE 1. IMS (Requirement for IMS Feature) VoLTE Profile IMS (IMS Feature) 3GPP IMS MMTel (subset) VoLTE Profile IMS feature (Starting Point) Feature 2G/3G Profile Feature Profile VoLTE / IMS/MMTel / ( ) : VoLTE Profile IMS / 3GPP IMS (Full 3GPP IMS Feature) /
VoLTE Profile IMS Feature SIP (SIP Registration) (Authentication) (Addressing) (Basic Call Handling) (Forking) (Signaling Compression) (Authentication) VoLTE Profile IMS-AKA (IMS Authentication and Key Agreement) ISIM (IMS Subscriber Identity Module) ISIM USIM (Universal SIM) (Addressing) VoLTE Profile MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number) SIP-URI (SIP-Uniform Resource Identifier) name@operator.com (Single Device) VoLTE Profile IMS Feature (Forking) (Signaling Compression) VoLTE Profile (Signaling Compression) VoLTE Profile XCAP-Based (Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol) VoLTE Profile 2. (Requirement of Media Handling & Control) VoLTE Profile (Media Handling & Control) 3GPP VoLTE Profile AMR (AMR-NB: Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrow Band) (Speech Codec) MMTel VoLTE AMR (AMR-WB: Adaptive Multi-Rate Wide Band) ( )
(Speech Codec) (End-to-end Delay) (FER: Frame Error Rate) (End-to-end Delay) ITU E-model (End-to-end Delay) 200 ms ( ) LTE (Round-trip Delay) 20~30 ms LTE 200 ms( ) ( ) 3GPP (Sampling Rate) 16 khz (High-Definition) AMR-WB (Codec) ( ) LTE (Fixed Delay) (Jitter) (De-jitter Buffer) 200 ms : ( ITU E-model ) (FER: Frame Error Rate) LTE (Voice Bearer) (Codec Rate Adaptation) 3. (Requirement of Bearer Management)
(Bearer Management) VoLTE Profile MMTel LTE/EPC( ) (Service Requirement) LTE/EPC PCC (Policy and Charging Control) PCC EPC IMS (Rx Interface & Gx Interface) PCRF (Policy & Charging Rule Function) PCC IMS LTE/EPC (Bearer) (Bearer) QCI (QoS Class Identifier) SIP QCI : QCI 1 VoIP (guaranteed-bit-rate bearer) QCI 5 IMS SIP (non-guaranteed-bit-rate bearer) LTE (RAN: Radio Access Network) (Admission Control) EPC LTE (RAN: Radio Access Network) EPC QoS (Packet Loss Rate) PCC IMS PCC PCRF EPC (EPC Bearer) PCC EPC (EPC Bearer) LTE/EPC LTE/EPC PCRF EPC (EPC Bearer) PCRF IMS P-CF (Proxy Call Session Control Function) 4. (Requirement of Radio Feature & Performance for voice) (Coverage) (Capacity) (Quality) (Battery Longevity) (Talk Time)
(Packet Size) ROHC (Robust Header Compression) PDCP/RLC (PDCP/RLC Sequence Number) RLC UM (Radio Link Control Unacknowledged Mode) (Coding Redundancy) enodeb( ) TTI (Transmission Time Interval) Bundling( ) Frequency Hopping / VoIP ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) (Speech Codec) VoIP VoIP (VoIP Packet Bundling) (Predictive Grant Allocation) (End-to-end Delay) (Packet Loss Rate) 50 ~ 80 ms 200 ms (Link Adaptation Algorithm) (Handover) LTE VoIP (VoIP Frame) ( DRX: Discontinuons Reception ) DRX SPS:Semi-Persistent Scheduling ( ) 5. (Requirement of Common Functions) LTE (Telephony Service) (Roaming Architecture)? (Emergency Call)? (Legacy Coexistence)?
LTE/EPC IMS (MMTel ) (Home-Network-Based) (Visited Network) (Home Network) VoLTE Profile (Roaming Model ) IMS P-CF (Visited Network) local breakout( ) IMS LTE FB (Curcuit Switch FallBack) 2G/3G ( )EPC: Evolved Packet Core 3GPP Release 8 LTE EPC ( )LTE ( )TTI Bundling 3GPP LTE VoIP TTI TTI / (error detection/error correction bits) ( )SPS enodeb SPS ( )Local breakout (Gateway) 给 (Gateway) 给 : IMS
LTE/EPC IMS (MMTel ) (Home-Network-Based) (Emergency Call) Voice-over-LTE FB (Circuit Switch FallBack) (Emergency Call) VoIP LTE IMS (Emergency Call) VoLTE Profile IMS (IMS Emergency Call) 3GPP Release 9 (Packet Switched Radio Access Network) IMS (IMS Emergency Call) LTE/EPC 3GPP Release 9 LTE/EPC SIM (SIM-less Emergency Call) (User- & Control-Plane Location Service) OTDOA (Over-the-air Time Difference of Arrival) LTE/EPC LTE/EPC (Legacy Coexistence) LTE/EPC (Spotty Deployment) 2G/3G LTE FB 2G/3G IMS VoLTE Profile VoLTE LTE/EPC 2G/3G (Handover) (Drop Call) VoLTE Profile (SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) ( ) IMS I (IMS Centralize Services) IMS IMS 2G/3G
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC): Handover from LTE to continue call LTE CLIENT IMS Centralized Services (I): Deliver MMTel to LTE WCDMA / GSM LTE ISLAND NationalCOVERAGE : SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) 2010 3GPP LTE LTE LTE LTE (spectrum harmonization) 4G IMS MMTel FB (Circuit -switch Fallback) LTE LTE