16 2 101 9 149-169 78 Repairing Old Shellac 78 rpm Records Tsui-Mao Hung Multimedia Librarian, Multimedia Services Department, National Taiwan University Library E-mail: anchor@ntu.edu.tw 78 1890 1950 78 78 Abstract 78 rpm records published between 1890 and 1950 for gramophones are culture antiquities, but their shellac platters are extremely fragile, cracking and vulnerable to breakage. For cultural heritage preservation, this article describes the distinguishing characteristics, values and detailed repairing procedures of old shellac 78 rpm records. 78 Keywords 78 rpm record; shellac record; repair 78 rpm record 78 1890 1950 33 1/3 45 78 149 100 12 31 101 5 23
78 Fedeyev et al., 2004; Weiss, 2004 78 78 1 2 78 78 DVD 1 3 78 1877 Thomas Edison, 1847-1931 1878 Wikipedia, 2012 tinfoil 1 78 2 78 150
78 3 78 DVD wax wax cylinder 1888 Emile Berliner, 1851-1929 Millard, 1995 1897 shellac 1901 celluloid 1948 vinyl plastic Library and Archives Canada, 2010 shellac celluloid 78 vinyl plastic 33 1/3 45 78 shellac rosin silica barium sulphate calcium magnesium carbonate bone black iron oxide ochre slate clay Nguyen, Sené, Le Bourg & Bouvet, 2011 1957 151
94 1925 7 95 78 95 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 68 76.6 74 80 84 65 100 Library and Archives Canada, 2010; Wilmut's World Wide Website, 2011 78 10 11 10 78 Wilmut's World Wide Website, 2011 78 Bill Clark's 78rpm Home Page, 1997 152
78 Beardsley, 2005 33 1/3 45 78 78 78 LP Gear, 2012 78 78 97 100 97 100 78 153
78 78 78 78 95 78 78 2000 2002 78 78 2005 2 DVD --78 3 78 78 154
78 78 1. F400A 3 2. F400B 4 3. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 48mm 17. 0.1 18. 19. 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 F400A F400B 2 3 155
78 78 4 cavitation 101 2.5 1. 4 5 78 156
78 2. 5 F400A F400B Shore D52º 53º 0.1 F400A F400B 100 15 1. F400A F400B 100 15 2. F400A F400B 2 3 78 24 78 78 78 78 78 1. 78 2. 2 3 3. 78 24 4. 78 5. F400A F400B 100 15 78 6 157
6 78 1. 2. 7 7 78 3. 8 8 78 4. 158
78 5. 24 6. 7. 6 9 10 8. 9 78 10 78 2.5D 159
78 1. 2. 3. 4. 24 5. 6. 7. 1. 0.1 160
78 11 11 78 2. 3. 12 12 78 4. 5. 24 6. 7. 161
8. 1. 0.7 2. 13 13 78 3. 4. 2.54 0.9 24 162
78 24 5. 7. 8. 2. 3. 24 4. 5. 16 14 15 1. 0.3 14 78 2.5D 163
15 78 2.5D 6. 78 78 1890 1950 16 78 2.5D 78 2005 78 164
78 78 17 18 19 20 78 78 165
洪翠錨 圖 17 78 轉蟲膠唱片未修補前 殘破不堪的情形 圖 18 78 轉蟲膠唱片修補後恢 復完整樣貌並可播放 圖 19 78 轉蟲膠唱片已破裂無 法播放 圖 20 78 轉蟲膠唱片裂片接合 修復後恢復完整樣貌並可 播放 附註 1. 洪翠錨 黃孟堯 民 100 修復歷史美聲 78 轉蟲膠唱片的修補 DVD 臺 北市 國立臺灣大學圖書館 2. 潘啟明提供 3. 修補 78 轉唱片的 環氧樹脂 特性如下 潘啟明提供 (1) F400A 環氧樹脂 F400B 硬化劑 具備防燃劑的特性 防火等級為 UL-94V0 file # E180899 166
78 (2) F400A / F400B (3) 0.45W / m.k. (4) F400A+F400B 25 degree C 2500+ / -500 cps (5) F400A F400B 100 15 (6) 100g / 25 degree C 1.5 hr. (7) 100g / 25 degree C 2.0 hr. (8) 24 hr. 60 degree C 2hr 80 degree C 1 hr. (9) Shore D 80 Shore D 54 57 Shore D 52 53 (10) 100 degree C 1 hr. by weight 0.4% (11) 900Kg / cm cm (12) Sil-More Industrial Ltd. 4. 3 5. A-1319 0 SILICON 5 10 0.3u 3u 6. 78rpm 150g 45 78 1.3 468 167
97 160 169-196 101 2012 4 20 http://www.tst.tw/technology-more.php?key=2 95 1920-1980 4 213-264 97 6 167-198 94 53 76-85 100 100 1926 Beardsley, R. (2005). Making transfers from 78rpm sources a practical guide. Retrieved November 12, 2011, from http://www.charm.rhul.ac.uk/history/p20_4_4.html Bill Clark s 78rpm Home Page. (1997). Gramophone needles for sale. Retrieved December 23, 2011, from http://www.btinternet.com/~bill78/needles.htm Fedeyev, V., Haber, C., Radding, Z., Maul, C., McBride, J., & Golden, M., (2004). Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115(5), 2494. Library and Archives Canada. (2010, July 15). A chronology of sound recording technology, 1845-1950. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ gramophone/028011-3008-e.html Library and Archives Canada. (2010, July 15). Technical notes. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/gramophone/028011-5001-e.html LP Gear. (2012). 78 rpm stylus. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from http://www.lpgear. com/category/78styl.html Millard, A. (1995). America on record. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. Nguyen, T., Sené, X., Le Bourg, É., & Bouvet, S., (2011). Determining the composition of 78-rpm records: challenge or fantasy? ARSC Journal, 42(1), 27-42. Weiss, P. (2004). Extracting sound from images of old audio recordings. Science News 165(22), 339-440. 168
78 Wikipedia. (2012, April 12). Sound recording and reproduction. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sound_recording Wilmut s World Wide Website. (2011). Reproduction of 78rpm records. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.rfwilmut.clara.net/repro78/repro.html 169