2005 10

1 8 13 15 25 29 40 45 1

p Pa ( ) 1 Pa=1N/m 2 / 2 1.013 10 5 Pa. RMS 2 10-5 Pa 20 db P Lp = 20lg 1-1 Po p Pa. p 0 =2 10-5 Pa I W/m 2 ( / 2 ) I P 2 P I = 1-2 ρc c c P W P= s I n ds (1-3) s I n ds I r r P=I r 4 r 2 (1-4) P= I r 2 r 2 (1-5) 2

3 I r r f Hz 1 T s 20Hz~20000Hz 20Hz 20000Hz p=psin t+ 1-6 P- - =2 f f- - 1000Hz 1000Hz 3dB 1.1a 1.1b 1.1c 1s 1s 1.1d 1.1

90~106dB 80~120dB 130dB 1000Hz 500Hz 8-18 9-27 500-1000Hz, 2-10 f 1 f 2 f 1 f 2 0 f 1 f 2 0 4.2-10 0.707-3dB f 1 f 2 0.707 6Hz 10Hz 3% 10% 1/3 f 2 4

f 1 707Hz~1414Hz 1 1 2 2 1/3 1/ 3 3 2 = 2 = 1.26 f 2 /f 1 =2 n n n f 2 f 1 n f 2 f 1 n=1 1 n=1/3 1/3 f 2 f 1 f 0 4.2-10 f = (1-7) 0 f1 f 2 f 0 f 1 f 2 f 2 = 2 f 0 =1.414 f 0 f 1 = 1 / 2 f 0 =0.707 f 0 1/3 f 2 = 6 2 f 0 =1.123 f 0 f 1 = 1/ 6 2 f 0 =0.89 f 0 ISO 1/3 1.1 GB/T3241-1998 IEC61260-1995 0 1 2 IEC225 2 1.1 Hz 31.5 63 125 250 500 Hz 22.5-45 45-90 90-180 180-354 354-707 Hz 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000 Hz 707-1414 1414-2828 2828-5656 5656-11212 11212-22424 Hz (db) 1/3 1/3 1.2 1.3 1/3 5

1.2 1.3 1/3 15dB ISO 500 1000 2000Hz 25dB 85dB A 15 5% 90dB 14% 105dB 50% 120dB 140dB 1 6

7 2 3 4 5 1 40dB A 10% 70dB A 50% 40dB A 10% 60dB 70% 70~85dB 75dB 95~120dB 60~70dB 80~90dB 2 70dB 85dB 10dB 65dB 90dB 3 135dB 150dB 140dB 1000Hz 40dB 100Hz 1000Hz 50dB

1000Hz 1000Hz 40dB 1000Hz 40 1000Hz ISO 2.1 1 2.1 db 40 1000Hz 40dB 100Hz 50dB 40Hz 70dB 20Hz 90dB 2 100 3 3000~4000Hz 80 50 1947 40 1 10 50 2 60 4 L 40 S = 2 N ( ) 2-1 10 lgs=3(l N -40) (2-2) S L N 10 50% 20 75% 2-1 2-2 1/3 A 8

A B C A 40 1000Hz B 70 C 100 A B C IEC 2.2 IEC61672-1 2002 A C Z( ) 2.1 2.2 db 70dB C C 70dB A t A LA t t ( t ξ ) 1 A ( 0 2 τ 2 LA t =20lg{[(1/ ) p ξ ) e dξ ] / p } F S s 2-3 - t p A ( ) A p0 2-3 t 2-3 2.3 9

2.1 a Hz b db db A C Z 1 2 10-70.4-14.3 +3.5; - +5.5; - 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1 000 1 250 1 600 2 000 2 500 3 150 4 000 5 000 6 300 8 000 10 000 12 500 16 000 20 000-63.4-56.7-50.5-44.7-39.4-34.6-30.2-26.2-22.5-19.1-16.1-13.4-10.9-8.6-6.6-4.8-3.2-1.9-0.8 0 +0.6 +1.0 +1.2 +1.3 +1.2 +1.0 +0.5-0.1-1.1-2.5-4.3-6.6-9.3-11.2-8.5-6.2-4.4-3.0-2.0-1.3-0.8-0.5-0.3-0.2-0.1 0-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.5-0.8-1.3-2.0-3.0-4.4-6.2-8.5-11.2 0 +3.0; - +2.5; -4.5 ±2.5 +2.5; -2.0 ±2.0 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 ±1.4 ±1.4 ±1.4 ±1.4 ±1.4 ±1.4 ±1.1 ±1.4 ±1.6 ±1.6 ±1.6 ±1.6 ±1.6 ±2.1 +2.1; -2.6 +2.1; -3.1 +2.6; -3.6 +3.0; -6.0 +3.5; -17.0 +4.0; - +5.5; - +5.5; - ±3.5 ±3.5 ±3.5 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±2.5 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±2.0 ±1.9 ±1.9 ±1.9 ±1.9 ±1.9 ±1.9 ±1.4 ±1.9 ±2.6 ±2.6 ±3.1 ±3.1 ±3.6 ±4.1 ±5.1 ±5.6 +5.6; - +6.0; - +6.0; - +6.0; - db 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.0 a GB/T3240-1982[5] 1 b C A 6 7 f f = (f r )[10 0,1(n-30) ] f r =1kHz n 10 43 10

11 2.3 2.2 A 2.2 A 1-1.5m A [db(a)] 20~30 40~60 60~70 80 90 100~110 110~120 120~130 130~150 160 70dB A 70dB 90dB B 90dB C A A A C B C A C C A C A D D D 7dB D 2.2 40 2.5 D Leq A A 75dB 50dB 75dB 50dB Leq A A L Aeq -1/ P0

A A A T 2 1 P () A t Leq = 10 lg dt T P 0 0 T 1 0.1 = L A 10 lg 10 dt (2-4) T 0 p A t A p 0 2 10-5 Pa L A A db T n 1 0.1L Ai Leq = 10 lg 10 2-5 N i= 1 N L Ai i A A 10dB 24h 10dB L dn 1 /10 ( ) n + 10 / 10 L = 10lg10 ( 16 10 + 8 10 ) L L d dn 24 2-6 Ld Ln 16 6:00~22:00 8 22:00~ 6:00 L AE L AE () t 2 1 t p = 2 A L AE 10lg dt 2 3.6 t1 t0 p0 P A t P t 2 -t 1 t o t o 1 2.4 t 2 -t 1 10dB 12

T n L AEi T L Aeq n to 0.1L AH i, T = 10 lg 10 3.7 T i= 1 E Pa 2 h 2 E A E = T [ P () ] A t 0 2 dt (2-7) T hp A t A p A t E=P 2 AT 2-8 1Pa 2 h 84.95 85dB 8h 8h 85dB 1Pa 2 h 4h 3dB L eq E E L eq db TP = 10 lg (2-9) 2 0 100% 1Pa 2 h 100% 0.5Pa 2 h 50% 2Pa 2 h 200% L N 2.4 LN A N% L 5 =70dB 5% L 10 L 95 L 5 L 50 L 95 5s L 10 10% 50% L 90 90% 2 d L eq = L 50 + (2-10) 60 d=l 10 -L 90 L 10 -L 50 L 50 -L 90 L 50 13

TNI A db(a) TNI=L 90 +4d-30 d=l 10 -L 90 2-11 d d TNI L 90 SD σ n 1 2 SD = (LA LAi) 2-12 n 1 i= 1 LA A L Ai i A N NPL NPL=Leq+2.56σ db 2-13 2 d NPL=L 50 +d+ db 2-14 60 NR NR 1961 2.5 NR N A A NR NR=L A -5 85dB N-80 N-80 NR 500 1000 2000Hz PNdB L PN PNdB 2.6 1 40dB 1000Hz 1/3 14

2.5 2.6 1/3 2.6 NT n NT=N m +F( = i 1 Ni -N m ) ( ) (2-15) n Nm Ni F 0.30 i= 1 1/3 0.15 2.6 L PN =40+33.3 1gNT(PNdB) (2-16) D 7dB PNdB D L P =140dB L PN 147 PNdB 8 85dB(A) 90dB(A) 8 3dB(A) 115dB(A) 95% 15

GBJ87-85 db 1 8 90 2 75 70 3 70 4 70 5 60 6 60 7 55 GB3096-93 A L eq db 0 50 40 1 55 45 2 60 50 3 65 55 4 70 55 0 0 5dB 1 2 3 4 15dB 16

GB12348-90 L eq [db(a)] I 55 45 60 50 65 55 70 55 10dB(A) 15dB(A) GB12525-90 L eq [db(a)] 70 70 GB12523-90 L eq [db(a)] 75 55 85 70 55 65 55 GB9660-88 L WECPN db 70 75 17

GB11339-89 L eq [db(a)] 60 50 70 55 60 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 db(a) 350 / 440 550 700 880 1100 1400 1760 2200 2800 3520 4400 5600 7040 8800 11200 1 100 2 2 3 4 15 5 6 (GB16170-1996) [ db(a)] 1998 1 1 1998 1 1 87 85 90 88 nr 4300/min 94 92 nr 4300/min 97 95 100 98 97 95 103 101 N 147kW 101 99 N 147kW 105 103 nr- N- 18

1 GB/T8059.2-1995 5.5.7.1 500L /L /db(a) 250 52 250 55 2 GB/T7725-1996 (5.2.15) 14000W - /db(a) /db(a) /W 2500 53 45 59 55 2500~4500 56 48 62 58 4500~7100 60 55 65 62 7100 62 68 1 IEC61672-1 2002 JJG188-2002 1 2 1 ±0.7dB 2 ±1dB 2 19

20 4.1 4.2 200V 28V 1 2 3 4.3 1 1kHz 1kHz A/D CPU 4.2

21 V/Pa mv/pa 1V/Pa 1/2 50mV/Pa -26dB -26dB K 1 Φ23.77mm 1/2 Φ12.7mm1/4 Φ6.35mm1/8 1/2 Φ13.2mm 3pF 0.5pF A B C D 2.1 A C Zero Z F F 0.125s S 1s I 35ms 1s I I C C A/D CPU 4.3 1

LCD LED AWA5633D/P CPU, DC/DC 11 4.1 L eq IEC61672-1 2002 JJG188-2002 80~100dB 10s 1min 5 min 10min 1h 4h 8h L eq L AE L AE 1s AWA5610C/D/P AWA5670+C 4.1 22

4.1 AWA5661 AWA5661A AWA5661B AWA5661C AWA5633A AWA5633D AWA5633P GB/T3785 1 IEC61672 Class 1 GB/T3785 2 IEC61672 Class 2 (Hz) 20 16000 10 20000 16 16000 20 12500 20 8000 27 140dB(A) 38 140dB(L) 25 140dB(A) 35 140dB(L) 20 140dB(A) 30 140dB(L) 50 160dB(A) 63 160dB(L) 35 130dB(A) 40~130dB(A) ф12.7mm (ov) ф12.7mm ф12.7mm (ov) ф12.7mm (28v) ф12.7mm A C Z A,C,Z A A F S I Peak 3 LCD F S 3 LCD L p L max AWA5721 AWA5721 AWA5722 AWA5722 AC RS232C AC 4xLR6 5V 9V 4xR6 2 LR03 (mm) 220x72x32 210 72 32 180 25 16 kg 0.3 8 40mV/Pa 50mV/Pa 50mV/Pa 5mV/Pa 40mV/Pa 10 3 23

4.2 AWA5610D AWA5610C AWA6270+C AWA5610E AWA5610P GB/T17181 2 GB/T17181 2 IEC61672 Class2 IEC61672 1 GB/T15952 2 IEC61672 Class2 (Hz) 20 8000 16 16000 20 8000 20~8000 35 130dB(A) 0 999.9Pa 2.h 0~9999%DL 35 130dB(A) 25 130dB(A) 30 130dB(C) 30 130dB(L) 50 140dB(A) 0 999.9Pa 2.h Ф12.7mm 40 130dB(A) 0 19.99Pa 2.h A A C Z A F S F S 128 x 64 4 LCD 4 LCD LCD L p L max L eq L p L eq L max T L p L max L eq L p L max L eq L N E,T L p L eq L max E Dl T L min L inst L min E T L AE E T Man( ), 10s, Man( ),10s,1min, Man( ),10s,1min,10min, 15min, 1min,10min,15min, 10min,15min,20min, 20min,1h,4h,8h,24h 20min,1h,4h,8h,24h 1h,4h,8h,24h 28100 Leq 256 60 1000 1/1 1/3 RS232C AC PWM RS232C AC DC RS232 4 x R6 6 x LR6 2 LR03 2 LR03 (mm) 210 x 72 x 32 300x 90 x 36 180 x25x 16 kg 0.3 0.6 8 8 E A T Pa 2 h Leq E=T P 2 0 lg -1 10 (4-1) 100% 8h 85dB 1Pa 2 h 100% 5dB 3dB AWA5610P 24

AWA5610E AWA5610P L N A L eq AWA6218B AWA6218B 120X32 LCD 8 L p,l eq, L max,l min,l 5,L 10,L 50,L 90,L 95,SD,T,L AE,E,Ld,Ln,Ldn 16 11 10s 24h 495 24h 0.5kg UP40TS 24h 24h L eq L N IEC61672-2002 JJG188-2002 2 1/3 LCD AWA6218A AWA6218B 12 AWA6218C AWA6218 AWA6270+B 1 24 1/1 1/3 25

4.3 AWA6270+B AWA6218A AWA6218B AWA6218C GB/T3785 GB/T17181 1 GB/T3785 GB/T17181 2 IEC61672 2 IEC61672 1 Hz 16~16000 31.5 8000 25 130dB(A) 35 130dB(A) 1 99.99Pa 2 h 35 130dB(A) A C Z A F S 1208x 64 120 x 32 LCD 4 LCD L p, L eq, L max, L min, L 5, L 10, L 50,L 90,L 95,SD,T,L AE,E,L d, L p, L eq, L max, L min,l 5,L 10,L 50, L 90, L 95, L p, L eq, L max, L min, L n,l dn SD,T,L AE,E,L d,l n,l dn L 5,L 10, L 50,L 90, L 95, 24h 24h SD,T Man( ),10s, Man( ),10s, Man( ),10s,1min, Man( ),1~59s, 1min, 5min,10min, 1min, 5min, 10min, 5min,10min,15min, 1~59min, 1~24h 15min, 20min,1h, 20min,1h,4h, 8h, 20min,1h,4h,8h,24h 4h,8h,24h 24h 1000 495 495 120 1/1 1/3 AWA5721 AWA5722 - RS232C AC DC RS232C 6 x LR6 5 x LR6 4 x LR6 (mm) 300 x 90 x 36 260 x 90 x 32 210 x 72 x 32 kg 0.6 0.5 0.3 1/3 100% 1/3 23% IEC61260-1995 GB/T3241-1998 AWA5721 AWA5722 - GB/T3241-1998 2 1 AWA5661 AWA5633A 1/3 AWA6218B LCD UP40TS 26

AWA6270+ 1 A 1/3 B 24h C 128X64 LCD AWA6270A/B/C 4.4 AWA6270+A AWA6270A/B/C AWA5721 AWA5722 AWA5722A 1 2 2 2 2 1/3 1/1 1/3 1/6 1/3 31.5Hz 16kHz,10 31.5Hz 16kHz,10 31.5Hz 8kHz, 31.5Hz 16kHz 31.5Hz 16kHz,10 1/3 1/3 25Hz 16kHz,30 9 10 1/3 20Hz 20kHz,30 25Hz 20kHz,30 1/6 23.4Hz 18.8kHz,59 25~130 35~130 /db 70 60 60 60 60 128x64 LCD 4 LCD L eq L N L AE LED LCD 1000 120 RS-232C UP40S PC 6x LR6 4 x LR6 220V 50Hz /mm 300 x 90 x 36 220 x72 x32 100 x 72 x 32 100 x 72 x 32 240x100x200 /kg 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 1 6270B 6270C 27

A/D FFT DFT FFT FORTRAN FFT FFT FFT FFT 1 FFT f n f s f n =f s /2 f n FFT 0~f n 2 β β N f s 2 f n β = = 4.2 N N 3 B B =β 4 6dB 12 A/D 72dB FFT DSP TI TMS320C30 3300 AWA6290A 16 FFT 1/3 FFT 1/3 28

ISO9614-1 ISO9614-2 IEC1043 1993 1 v I p(t) u(t) v 1 T v I = p() t u()dt t T 4.3 0 1 I 0= T T 0 p () t u () t 0 dt 4.4 p(t) u 0 (t) r 4.4 p 1 (t) p 2 (t) r r 2 r 1 r p1( t) + p2 ( t) p( t) = 4.5 2 0 1 p ( t) = dt 4.6 p r u r 0 1 2 4.4 0 p p r 2 1 r R u 1 p t p t t dt r p 2( ) 1( ) ( ) = r 0 4.7 29

p1( t) + p2 ( t) p 2( t) p1( t) I r = dt 2 p r 0 4.8 2 A 1/3 1/3 FFT 4.5 db p 1 (t) p 2 (t) f c =100Hz 1 2 p 2 -p 1 (p 1 +p 2 ) A 1p 2 -p 1 u p 1 +p 2 )/2=p I / db I II P 1 T P T I Lin/Log P 2 T P I/dB 4.5 100~10000Hz 0.5 p u r 100~10000Hz 1 p(t) u(f) Rpur 0 Gpur 30

t Rpur(0) = 0 Gpur( f )df Rpur 0 =Gpur f f 4.9 4.10 f-- Rpur = n i= 1 Gpur( f ) f i 4.11 I r f =Gpur f f 4.12 1 Gpur( f ) = I lim [ F p Fur] 4.13 T T 4.12 1 I r ( f ) = I lim [ F p ] Fur f T T 4.14 4.5 4.6 4.14 1 I r ( f ) = Im[ G21( f ) f ] 2π p rf 1 = Im[ G ( f )] 2 π p rf 4.15 G 21 f 1 2 p 1 (t) p 2 (t) G f Im FFT IEC1043 1 2 2 1 2x 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2x 2x 1 2 4.51 ISO9614 2 Windows 5kg ISO9614-1 ISO9614-2 31

/ FFT A/B/C/D 1/1 1/2 1/3 1 30 120dB 2 10kHz 0 25kHz 3 1 1.7E4 1dB 4 1kHz 0.1 0.3 0.1 4.5 1 2 2x 2 1/32 1/3 1 1/3 FFT /db ±0.2 ±0.3 ±0.3 ±0.1 ±0.2 ±0.2 /db 10~180s 1s 10~180s 30~600s 45Hz~7.1kHz 1/3 45Hz~5.6kHz A IEC651 1 /db 0.1 5 14dB / 5~40 32

33 GB/T3785 GB/T17181 1 2 35 130dB 20Hz 16kHz 31.5Hz 8kHz, A C F S I 1/3 220V 12-20 +50 <90% +40 CDMA GPRS PII Windows95/98 1 GB/T14623-93 1 GB/T3222-94 GB/T9661-88 1/3 L PN L EPN L WECPN

Lp 10 Leq 15 GB/T15173 IEC942-1988 1 2 3 0 1 2 90dB 4.5 4.5 0 1 2 /db ±0.15 ±0.3 ±0.5 /db ±5 ±0.1 ±0.2 101.3kPa 20 65% 20s F 20s 1 34

1 B/K 4228 ±0.15dB 0 2 AWA6221 1000Hz 1 94dB 114dB 104dB B/K 4226 3 AWA6221B 1000Hz 2 IEC61672 1 0 2 2 4.7 4.7 B&K4228 B&K4231 AWA6221 AWA6221B IEC60942 0 1 1 2 /db 124 94 114 94 114 94 ±9( ) ±0.2( ) ±0.2( ) ±0.3( ) ±0.15( ) ±0.3-10 +50±0.3 0 +40 ±0.5(0 +40 ) Hz 251.2 1000 1000 1000 % 0.1 0.1 0.5 2 % 3 1 1 1 / -10 +55-10 +50-10 +50-10 +50 WS/T69-1996 [1999] 620 A 1) 1 2 2) 31.5 8000Hz 0.1m 1) A 5s 35

2) 2 3) 31.5 8000Hz GB/T14623-93 1 2 5.5m/s 1m 1.2m 1s, 10dB 1m 1.2-1.5m 1.5m 1 [1996]091 1996 2 -- 100 10min L eq 10min L eq L eq 5dB 60-65 65-70 70-75 L eq -- 24h L eq L d L n n Si L = Li (5-1) i= 1 S Li i L eq Si i S 36

L eq 24h 3 GB/T3222-94 50m 100m 20cm 20 L 5 L 50 L 95 / Leq L 5 Leq L 5 n Li Ii i= 1 L = 5-2 n Ii i= 1 L L i i Leq L 5 db Ii i n GB/T3222-94 L 5 L 95 L 5 L eq GB/T12349-90 1s 1min L eq L eq 1m 1.2m 10dB A 3dB 3dB 5dB 37

GB/T12525-90 2 1s 4 30m 1.2m 1m 1h L eq GB12524-90 2 1.2m 1m/s 5m/s 20min L eq 8h L eq 1s GB9661-88 2 1.2m 1m 10m 5m/s 90% 30% 1 2 10dB L EPN EPN N L 24h L WECPN GB/T18204.22 2000 1.2m 0.5m 1m 1 100m 2 100 m 2 38

2 5s A 100 3 30min 30min 30min A 60min L Aeq L 10 L 50 L 90 L 50 2 1/3 1.2 1.3 1/1 1/3 FFT A B C B C B 39

B GB/T14367-1993 (ISO3740:2000) GB/T6881.1-2002 (eqviso3741;1999) GB/T6881.2-2002 1 eqviso3743-1 1994 GB/T6881.3-2002 2 eqviso3743-2 1994 1994 GB/T3767-1996 eqviso3744 GB/T6882-1986 ISO3745 2003 GB/T768-1996 eqviso3746 1995 1993 GB/T6538-1996 ISO3747 2000 GB/T6404-1996 1 eqviso9614-1 GB/T16404.2-1999 2 eqviso9614-2 1996 5-2 5-1 7 GB/T16538-1996 1987 ISO3747 ISO3747 1987 ISO3747 2000 GB/T16538-1996 10 3~4 4~8m L f =L pr -L wr +11+20lgr 7dB 40

5.1 ISO3743-1:1994 ISO3744:1994 ISO3746:1995 ISO3747:1987 ISO9614-1:1993 ISO9614-2:1996 ISO3747:2000 GB/T6881.2 GB/T3767 GB/T3768 GB/T16538 GB/T16404 GB/T16404.2 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 2 3,, 40m 3 K 2 2dB 1) K 2 7dB 1) L 7dB 2) f 0.2 L f 7dB 2) 1% L 6dB L 6dB 3) L 3dB ( L 3dB L 6dB 3) ( 15dB) ( 15dB) 10dB) ( 10dB) ( 15dB) K 1 1.3dB 1) K 1 1.3dB 1) K 1 3dB 1) K 1 3dB 1) K 1 1.3dB 1) ) a)a) 1 b)b) 1 c) c) 1 d) d) 1 a) 1 b) 1 c) 1 d) 1 a) 1 b) 1 c) 1 d) 1 a) 2 b) 2 c) 1 d) 1 a) 2 b) 2 c) 1 d) 1 e) e) 1 2 5) e) 1 2 5) A (1/3 A A 1/3 A A A 50~6300Hz) A 1/3 / 1 K 1 K 2 K 1 K 2 A K 1A K 2A 2 L f ISO3747 2000 A A L fa 3 L 4 1 2 K 2 K 2 K 2 2dB K 2 7dB 41

3) 5-2 :db (Hz) ISO3743-1:199 ISO3744:1994 ISO3746:1995 ISO3747:1987 4 GB/T6881.2 GB/T3767 GB/T3768 GB/T16538 ISO3747:2000 ISO9614-1:1993 ISO9614-2:1996 GB/T16404 GB/T16404.2 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 1) ( K 2 5) 3 3) 4 1) ( 5 K 2 7 A 1.5 1.5 1) 4 2 ( K 2 5) 4 1) 1.5 4 4 4) 1.5 4) 4 4) 5 2) ( 5 K 2 7 5 2) 63 5 5) 2 3 3 125 3 3 2 3 3 250 2 2 1.5 2 2 500 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 1.5 1000~4000 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 8000 2.5 2.5 1/3 50~80 5 5) 2 3 3 100~160 3 2 3 3 200~315 2 1.5 2 2 400~630 1.5 1.5 2 1.5 800~5000 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 6300~10000 2.5 2 6) 2.5 6) 2.5 6) 1) 2) 4) A ( 63~4000Hz 1/3 50~6300Hz) 5) 6) 6300Hz 1/3 40m 3 40 K 2 42

L V a Lf K2 F3 F2 B 5.3 5.3 ISO11201 1995 ISO11202 1995 ISO11203 1995 ISO11204 1995 GB/T17248.2 GB/T17248.3 GB/T17248.4 GB/T17248.5 2 3 2 3 2 3 K 2A 2dB 1) K 2A 7dB 1) K 2A 7dB 1) L 6dB L 3dB L 6dB ( 15dB) ( 10dB) ( 15dB) K 1A 1.3dB 1) K 1A 3dB 1) K 1A 1.3dB 1) 2) K 3A 2.5dB 1) 2) 2) (2 ):K 3A 2dB 1) (3 ): 2dB K 3A 7dB 3) a) a) 1 a) 2 a) 1 b) b) 1 c) c) 1 d) d) 1 b) 2 c) 1 d) 1 b) 1 c) 1 d) 1 ISO11201 1995 ISO11202 1995 ISO11203 1995 ISO11204 1995 GB/T17248.2 2 GB/T17248.3 3 GB/T17248.4 2 3 GB/T17248.5 2 3 A C A C A C σ R 2.5dB 4) σ R 5dB 4) σ R 2.5dB 4) σ R 5dB 4) GB/T3767 GB/T3768 GB/T6881.2 GB/T3767 GB/T3768 GB/T16538 ISO3747:2000 GB/T16404 GB/T16404.2 GB/T3767 GB/T3768 1) A K 1A K 2A K 3A 2) L 3) 43

K2A K3A A A s υ α 6.1 ; 44

s m υ m/s α m/s 2 g g 1g=9.80665m/s 2 9.81m/s 2 6.1 s s=s 0 sin(ωt) υ υ=v 0 sin(ωt) α α=a 0 sin(ωt) s υ α ds 2 d s υ= α= dt 2 dt υ=ωs 0 cos(ωt) α=-ω 2 s 0 sin(ωt) s= υ dt dυ α= dt α=ωv 0 cos(ωt) s= α dt 2 υ= α dt 1 A 0 sin(ωt) 1 υ= A0 cos(ωt) ω s= ω 1 V0 cos(ωt) s= 2 ω 1 2 3 45

4 5 3% 5% 0 10kHz Hz 6.1 F=ma 6.1 Sv mv/m.s -2 S Q pc/ m.s -2 SQ Sv = Ca + Cc 6-1 Ca Cc V / =0.707V / =0.707V / 6-2 46

R C RC 6.2 6.2 1/5 0.5dB 1/5 6.2 1m/s 2 5% 50000 100000m/s 2 10% 1000km/s 2 CA-YD-116 CA-YD-184 100 12~24V 6.2 1-5% 47

6.2 CA-YD-104 CA-YD-106 CA-YD-184 CA-YD-116 CA-YD-141 CA-YD-126 AWA14100 (p /m.s -2 3.5 ) 2.5 1 1 0.2 (mv/ m.s -2 ) 5 40 Hz 0.5~5k 0.5~12k 0.3~4k 1~5k 1~5k 1~15k 1~300 ( ) 120 120 120 150 150 150 60 (m.s -2 8 10 3 ) 1.5 10 4 1 10 3 10 4 10 4 10 5 100 <5 (%) <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 (mm) φ19 32 φ17 23 Φ20 2823 28 28 16 20 20 10 φ8.5 10 80 80 80 g 30 15 26 70 17 4 450 6.2 6.3 6.3 0.5 5kHz 48

49 1 6.4 Qa= Ca= Ra= Cc= Rc= Cp= Rp= Cf= Rf= A= Vo= 6.4 6.5 Ct=Ca+Cc+Cp I= Ii= Ct Ic= f a o C Q V = 6-3 6.4 6.5

2 6.6 1 6.4 V a Qa Va = 6-4 C a 6.6 S va mv/ms -2 Sqa pc/ms -2 Sqa S = va C + C + C 6-5 a c = S ) p C a va ( 6-6 Ca + Cc + C p S qa C a S va 6.7 50

( / ) / ( ) AC DC 6.7 RMS - 10Hz 1kHz AWA5933-1 199.9m/s 2, 1 199.9mm/s, 0.1 1999µm 10Hz 1000Hz AWA3310 31.5Hz 8kHz 9 51

10Hz 1000Hz 6.3 mm/s db 6.3 0.28 0.45 93 A A A A A 0.45 0.71 97 0.71 1.12 101 1.12 1.80 105 B 1.80 2.80 109 B 2.80 4.50 113 C B 4.50 7.10 117 C B 7.10 11.2 121 D C B 11.2 18.0 125 D C 18.0 28.0 129 D C 28.0 45.0 133 D 45.0 71.0 137 D 71.0 112.0 141 1:1.6 db 10-6 mm/s A B C D A B C D I 45mm 630mm 600r/min 3600r/min GB2807-81 10Hz 1000Hz 1000Hz 80Hz +10% -20% +10% 400mm (δ) 1000 15 2 <δ KZ 6-7 n δ mm n r/min K K=0.4 Z mm 52

53 5º 1/10 400mm 10 10% 7 1 1 6.8 1 1 1 6.8 4 1/50 2-3 6 10dB 3 6dB 6.8

1/3 23% FFT FFT B&K 2515 2148 3550 3560 AWA6290A FFT 1/3 ISO2631 ISO2631-1 1985 ISO2631-2 1989 ISO2631-3 1985 0.1 0.63Hz Z 1 3 ISO2631-1 1997 ISO2631-4 2001 ISO2631-1 ISO2631-2 ISO ISO8041 2005 1 ( ) m/s 2 rad/s 2 / 2 1 2 T 1 2 a w = aw ( t) dt (6-8) T 0 a w (t) m/s 2 rad/s 2 T 2 ISO2631-1 1997 6.4 6.5 54

6.4 z z- z z- W k z x- y- z- x- x- y- x y- W d x- y- y x- y- y- z- W f 6.5 W c x- x- x- W e r x - r y- r z - r x - r y - r z - W j W k z W d x-y W c W e W j 0.5Hz~80Hz 1Hz~80Hz W f 0.1Hz~0.5Hz 0.1Hz~0.63Hz 6.9 6.10 6.9 6.10 3 55

9 9 9 the runing r.m.s 1 MTVV a w (t o ) t o 1 2 aw ( to ) = [ aw ( t) ] dt τ to τ a w (t) 1 2 (6-9) t t o ISO8041 1 2 t 1 o ( ) [ ( )] 2 t t o aw to = aw t exp dt (6-10) τ τ 30% MTVV MTVV=max[a w (t o )] (6-11) a w (t o ) MTVV =1s Slow 2 VDV 1.75 m/s 1.75 1.75 rad/s 1.75 T 4 VDV = [ aw ( t) ] dt (6-12) 0 a w (t) T 1 4 56

1 4 4 VDV = VDV i (6-13) τ MTVV = 1.5 (6-14) a w VDV = 1.75 (6-15) 1 4 awt 4 ISO2631-1 1997 6.11 x y z r x y z x y z 6.11 15 57

z 5 ISO2639-1 1985 6 ISO2631-4 2001 x y z / / 6.6 6.6 / / / Z / 6.12 W b W k X / Y x W b W k 6.12 7 ISO2631-2 1989 1Hz~80Hz ISO8041 W.B.combind ISO2631-1 1985 ISO5349-1 2001 58

8Hz 1000Hz m/s 2 ISO5349-2 2001 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. a. b. c. a. b. c. d. ISO5349-1 2001 ISO5349 1986 1 1.2 1.5 1.7 ISO5349 1986 a hv 2 h wx 2 h wy 2 h wz = a + a + a (6-16) a hwx a hwy a hwz x y z 59

2 6.13 6.13 Z Z h X Y X 3 16Hz 0 16Hz -6dB 8Hz 1000Hz a W h 6.3Hz 1250Hz b 6.13 6.14 ISO8041 1990 6.14 W h 60

6.8 W hi i Hz W hi 6 4 0.375 7 5 0.545 8 6.3 0.727 9 8 0.873 10 10 0.951 11 12.5 0.958 12 16 0.896 13 20 0.782 14 25 0.647 15 31.5 0.519 16 40 0.411 17 50 0.324 18 63 0.256 19 80 0.202 a ISO8041. b IEC61260. i Hz W hi 20 100 0.160 21 125 0.127 22 160 0.101 23 200 799 24 250 634 25 315 503 26 400 398 27 500 314 28 630 245 29 800 186 30 1000 135 31 1250 0894 32 1600 0536 33 2000 0295 a h,w L h,w h n ( Whi a i ) h, ah, w = 6-17 i= 1 2 W hi 1/3 i 6.7 a hi i n 2 n Lh i 20 L = h, w 20 log hi W 10 6-18 i= 1 L hi 1/3 i W hi i 4 ISO5349-1 2001 8h a hv (eq 8h) A 8 4h 8h 8h 8h 4h 0.7 8h A 8 T A( 8) = ahv (6-19) To T a hv To 8h 28000s 61

A 8 n 1 2 A( 8) = a hvi Ti (6-20) To i= 1 5 C 6.15 A 10% 8h 4h 0.7 1.4 GB/T10434 a h w eq(4) 5m/s 2 6.16 6.15 10% 6.16 ISO2631 ISO5349 ISO8041-2005 / 0.1Hz 0.5Hz 3% 5% 6.17 62

6.17 a 6.17 a 6.17 b 5% 6.11 0.5Hz 80Hz 8Hz 1000Hz MTVV MSDV VDV 6.8 63

6.8 /Hz (m/s 2 ) (m/s 2 ) W h 8 1000 500rad/s (79.58Hz) 10 0.202 2.02 W b 0.5 80 0.79 0.79 W c 0.5 80 0.51 0.51 W d 0.5 80 0.126 0.126 W e 0.5 80 100rad/s 63 63 1.0 W f 0.5 80 (7.958Hz) 1.02 1.02 W k 0.5 80 0.77 0.77 W.B.Combined W j 1 80 0.1 0.5 2.5rad/s (0.3979Hz) 0.34 0.34 0.1 0.39 39 6.9 a-v f 1 (Hz) f 2 (Hz) f 3 (Hz) f 4 (Hz) Q 4 f 5 (Hz) Q 5 f 5 (Hz) Q 6 C W b 0.4 100 16 16 0.55 2.5 0.9 4 0.95 1.024 W c 0.4 100 8 8 0.63 - - - W d 0.4 100 2 2 0.63 - - - W e 0.4 100 1 1 0.63 - - - W f 8 0.63 0.25 0.86 625 0.80 0.10 0.80 - W j 0.4 100-3.75 0.91 5.32 0.91 - W h 6.31 1258.93 15.915 15.915 0.64 - - - W k 0.4 100 12.5 12.5 0.63 2.37 0.91 3.35 0.91 - W.B.combined 0.79 100-5.684 - - - - 6.8 6.9 1``````` 6 f 1````f 6 i=2 f i Q 4```````Q 6 a 64

1 H h ( p) = 1+ 1 2 2ω1 ω1 + p p (6-21) 2 1 H 1( p) = (6-22) 2 2 p p 1+ + ω2 ω2 b a-v ( p 1+ ω ) = p p 1+ + Q4ω4 ω4 3 H t p (6-23) 2 c 6dB ( ) 1+ p + ω ω p Q 2 2 5 5 5 5 H s p = 2 ω (6-24) 6 p p 1+ + Q6ω6 ω6 ω H h p H l p W f H t p H s p W j H t p =1 W c W d W e H s p =1 H p = H h p H l p H t p H s p (6-25) W b W b H p 6.9 C ( ) p=j2 f ( ) 65

66 6.19 db x (Hz)* W b Wc W d W e W f W j W h W k W.B. Combined -17-16 -15-14 -13-12 -11 2 25 315 4 5 63 8-32.37-28.4-24.41-20.34-16.06-11.45-6.86-10 -9-8 -7-6 -5-4 -3-2 -1 0.1 0.125 0.16 0.2 0.25 0.315 0.4 0.5 0.63 0.8-32.27-28.29-24.36-20.52-16.89-13.71-11.26-9.71-8.92-8.59-24.10-20.12-16.19-12.34-8.71-5.51-3.05-1.47-0.64-0.25 24.09-20.12-16.18-12.32-8.68-5.47-2.98-1.37-0.50-8 -24.08-29 -16.14-12.27-8.60-5.36-2.86-1.27-0.55-0.52-3.16-0.92 4-6 -1.41-4.22-8.22-13.05-18.73-25.30-30.18-26.20-22.27-18.42-14.79-11.60-9.15-7.58-6.77-6.42-36.00-30.11-26.14-22.21-18.37-14.74-11.55-9.11-7.56-6.77-6.44-36.00-32.00-28.01-24.02-25 -16.12-12.29-8.67-5.51-3.09 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1.25 1.6 2 2.5 3.15 4 5 6.3 8-8.49-8.47-8.35-7.81-6.30-3.75-1.27 2 0.25 2-8 0 6 0.10 0.15 0.19 0.21 0.11-0.23-0.97 0.10 6-0.26-1.00-2.23-3.88-5.78-7.78-9.83-11.87-1.11-2.29-3.91-5.80-7.81-9.85-11.89-13.93-15.95-17.97-32.57-40.26-48.14-56.11-64.10-72.10-80.10-6.30-6.28-6.32-6.34-6.22-5.60-4.08-1.99 0.47 0.14-31.99-27.99-23.99-21 -16.05-12.18-8.51-5.27-2.77-1.18-6.33-6.29-6.13-5.50-3.97-1.86-0.31 0.33 0.46 0.32-1.59-0.85-0.59-0.61-0.82-1.19-1.74-2.50-3.49-4.70 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 0.43-1.08-1.99-3.20-4.68-6.39-8.27-10.33-12.64-15.42-2.20-3.48-5.74-7.75-9.80-11.87-13.97-16.15-18.55-21.37 13.91-15.93-17.95-19.97-21.98-24.01-26.08-28.24-30.62-33.43-19.97-21.99-23.99-26.00-28.01-34 -32.11-34.26-36.64-39.46 0.26 0.22 0.16 0.10 6 0-8 -0.25-0.63-1.45-0.43-0.38-0.96-2.14-3.78-5.69-7.72-9.78-11.83-13.88-0.10-0.93-2.22-3.91-5.84-7.89-11 -12.21-14.62-17.47-6.12-7.71-9.44-11.25-13.14-15.09-17.10-19.23-21.58-24.38 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800-18.96-23.39-28.57-34.19-43 -45.96-51.94-24.94-29.39-34.57-40.20-46.04-51.98-57.95-36.99-41.43 46.62-52.24-58.09-64.02-70 -43.01-47.46-52.64-58.27-64.11-74 -76.02-3.01-5.45-8.64-12.26-16.11-24 -24.02-15.91 17.93-19.94-21.95-23.96-25.98-28.00-37 -32.23-34.60-21.04-25.50-30.69-36.32-42.16-48.10-54.08-27.93-32.37-37.55-43.18-49.02-54.95-60.92-66.91-72.91-78.91 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 6300 8000 37.42-40.97-45.42-50.60-56.23-62.07-68.01-73.98-79.97-85.97 41 10000-91.97 * f c x =10 x/10 x

1 a i FFT 1 2 2 a w = ( wiai) m/s 2 (6-26) i 1 6.19 (6-26) 6.19 MTVV 1/4 2 FFT (6-26) FFT (6-27) PSD (6-21)~(6-25) 6.19 1 2 2 a w = ( wi) PSDi f m/s 2 (6-27) i PSD f FFT 40% 20% 5 (flat-top) 2 (1) Z Z H z z Y z X z Y z =H z X z (6-28) H z 67

M i biz i= 0 H ( z) = N (6-29) 1+ i ait i= 1 a i b i M N M N Y ( ti) = bkx( ti k) ajy( ti j) (6-30) k = 0 j= 1 x(t i ) y(t i ) t i (2) a i b i [T.W.Parks and C.S.Burns, Digital filter design,john Wiley&Sons Inc.,New York,NY,1987] 5.6 2 Z s 2πfc s = tan( πfcts) z z 1 + 1 f c T s a-v 16dB (6-31) 5% 70dB 60dB 20% 0.125s 1s 8s AWA6256B GB/T10071-1988 ISO8041 VLz VLx-y VLp Vleq VL N N=5 10 50 90 95 SD 24h 68

GB10070-1988 z 6.11 6.14 z W.B.z z 10-5 m/s 2 8Hz Z x-y 9dB z VL Weq [ a ( t) ] = T 2 1 w VLweq 10lg dt T 0 2 a0 1 = T 0 1 VL w 10 lg 10 dt (6-32) T 0 a W (t) VL W a 0 =10-6 m/s 2 z VL ZN T N% z VLz VLz ZN db VL Z10 VL Z50 Vl Z90 10% z VL Z10 50% z VL Z50 90% z VL Z90 GB10070-88 z 6.11 6.11 db 65 65 70 67 75 72 75 72 75 72 80 80 10dB 3dB 69

70 z 70dB 67dB 65dB z 70dB z 75dB 3dB 72dB 100 z 70 80dB 60 70dB 65 75dB z 20 80m 80dB GB/T10071-1988 1 z VLz 2 ISO8041 1s 3 0.5m 4 5 1 1 5s 2 10 3 VL Z10 4 20 20

71 GB3096-82 GB3096-93 GB12348-90 GB12523-90 GB12525-90 A Leq A GB/T14623-93 GB12349-90 GB12524-90 5 100-200 [1996]091 80 1 2 2 1 1.0 db 0.7dB 1 2-10 ~+50 2 0 ~40 1 2 2 1 1 2 A Leq AWA5610 AWA6218 A L A eq

L max L min L 5 L 10 L 50 L 90 L 95 SD T 24h L A eq 24h L d L n L dn 120 ( 495 ) 24h AWA6218 AWA6218B GB9661-88 -- 1/3 -- D 7dB A 13dB AWA6218A L max Td L EPN AWA6270+C AWA5620 AWA5621 OK AWA5622 GB10070-88 GB10071-88 VLz db 10-6 m/s 2 AWA6256B AWA6218B AWA6256B 72

73 1999 [1999] 620 8 85 8 85dB 1985 GBJ87-85 8h 90dB 3.2Pa 2 h Dl Dl=100% 8h 90dB Dl=100% 100% 100% A Leq AWA5610 Lmax 115dB(A) 8 Leq AWA5610 E Dl AWA5610 AWA5610E AWA6290A 1 1/3 1/1 AWA6270 AWA6290A 2 AWA5633 GB1496-1979 2

AWA5633 1 1 1/3 GB/T14365-93 ISO5130-1982 1 2 A -- 10Hz--1000Hz AWA5933 FFT AWA6290A LCD db 3 4 6 7 9 9~10 10 db -3-2 -1 0.5 0 74

2dB db -- -5% LOBAT 75

1 AWA5610D 2 A C Z Lp Leq E Lmax 2 A 60 40 2 AWA5610C 3 AWA5610P 2 A Lp Leq E Lmax 2 120 32 LCD 4 AWA6218A 40 2 120 32 LCD 495 5 AWA6218B, 40 2 4 LCD 120 6 AWA6218C 40 7 AWA5661 1 RS-232C A B C 8 AWA5661A/B/C 160dB 9 AWA5633 D 2 A 10 AWA5633A 2 A C Z 11 AWA5633P 2 A Lp Lmax 12 AWA6270+A 1,128 64 LCD,,1/1 1/3 13 1 128 64 LCD 24h,250~1000 AWA6270+B 40 14 1 128 64 LCD, 40 AWA6270+C 15 AWA6270+AB AWA6270+A AWA6270+B 16 AWA6270+AC AWA6270+A AWA6270+C 17 AWA6270+BC AWA6270+B AWA6270+C 18 AWA6270+ABC AWA6270+A AWA6270+B AWA6270+C 2 AWA6218C 19 AWA6270A 40 2 Lp Leq 20 AWA6270B ( ) 21 AWA6270C 2 Lp Lmax 22 AWA5721 GB/T3241 2 23 AWA5722 1/1 1/3 GB/T3241 2 24 AWA5722A 1/1 1/3 1/6 GB/T3241 2 25 AWA6290A 1-8 FFT 1/1 1/3 ( ) 26 180W 76

GPRS CDMA 27 28,FFT 1/1 1/3 29 AWA5933 a v s 2 120 32 LCD 30 AWA6256B 40 31 AWA3310 1Hz~20kHz 32 AWA6122 33 AWA6122S 34 AWA6122M 35 AWA6122R 36 AWA6122T 37 AWA6122C 38 AWA6122A 39 AWA6122A 100 32 40 AWA6062A 70Hz 1kHz 41 AWA6063A 70Hz 1kHz 1kHz 42 AWA5810A A C Z FLAT 2Hz~40kHz 31.6 V~10V( ) 43 AWA5870A 2 150W 44 AWA5551 45 AWA14413 1/2 28V 20Hz 12.5kHz 46 AWA14421 1/2 20Hz 12.5kHz 47 AWA14422 1/2 20Hz 8kHz 48 AWA14423 1/2 20Hz 20kHz 49 AWA14425 1/2 20Hz 16kHz 50 AWA14601 10Hz 200kHz, 2m 51 AWA14602 20Hz 20kHz, 2m 52 AWA14603 10Hz 20kHz,20dB, 2m 53 AWA6221 1 94dB 114dB 1kHz 54 AWA6221B 2 94dB 1kHz 55 77