6/14 AI Marr ELIZA SHRDLU DENDRAL, MYIN, AM, Eurisko, yc Deep Blue, 2010 Alpha-o ASON AI AI 1 2 HAL 9000 2001 AI 3 AI AI AI AI AI spin-off AI 4 HMM (Hidden Markov Model) SVM 5 6
... ASON (IBM) echnological Singularity eneral AI Heuristics(1) Heuristics algorithm 7 8 Heuristics(2) 9 hinook: 2007 Logistello 1997 DeepBlue, 1996-7 (!) 2010 2016: Alpha-o 2016 vol.57 no.4 355-357 10 10 18 10 31 10 28 10 58 10 50 10 123 10 71 10 226 10 172 10 360 Victor Allis (1994). Searching for Solutions in ames and Artificial Intelligence. Ph.D. hesis, University of Limburg, Maastricht, he Netherlands. ISBN 9090074880. 11 12
Slagle SAIN AI AI Macsyma, Reduce, Mathematica, Maple Mathematica Integrator 13 eb 14 indows IME 15 16 DENDRAL Spin-off Lisp, Prolog,...... SS 17 EPAM (Feigenbaum), PS (Newell & Simon), A (Anderson), SOAR (Newell),... 18
yc, Openyc (1984 ) Open Mind ommon Sense, onceptnet (1999 ). ASON http://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/ 2011 Jeopardy! IBM 19 Evans inston cf. deep learning 20 Subsumption Architecture (Brooks, 1986 ) 21 5 2010 eb 2011-14 AIBO Vocaloid 22 echnological Singularity Stanislaw Ulam, Verner Vinge, Ray Kurzweil 6/6 23 24
Representationalism 25 [Frame] 26 1980 27 Marr David Marr (1945-1980) Vision: A omputational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (Freeman, 1982) 1987 Artificial Intelligence: A Personal View, Artificial Intelligence, vol.9, no.1 (1977), pp.37-48 28 Marr Marr Levels of Analysis omputational level Algorithmic level Implementational level 29 Stages of Vision Primal Sketch 2.5D Sketch Primal Sketch 3D Model 30
Agent 1980 31 Heidegger, adamar J. J. ibson, Subsumption Architecture (R. Brooks, 1986) 32 H. Dreyfus J. Searle AI AI [hrm] J. eizenbaum ELIZA. inograd & F. Flores inograd SHRDLU AI 33 (J. eizenbaum) inograd & Flores echnological Singularity 34 35 36
1. mini-max 2. ELIZA 37 38 39 forward search (backward search (heuristic search) 40 () ()() () 1,,, 41 42
,,, 2 4 = 16, 16 6 = 10 43 44 45 46 (enetic Algorithm) AND/OR 47 48
max: min: Mini-max tree mini-max - 49 (Hill limbing) local peak, plateau 50 mini-max A max mini-max A 6 max B min 6 3 B min D E F H max 6 8 7 3 9 D E F H max I J K L M N O P Q min 6 4 8 5 7 3 1 6 9 I J K L M N O P Q 6 4 8 5 7 3 1 6 9 (min) 51 52 mini-max A 6 10 6 6 <=3 B 9 6 3 >=8 4 >=7 5 3 9 D E F H I J K L M N O P Q 6 1 4 2 8 4 7 5 3 7 1 8 max min max (min)
(selective deepening) 55 56 3 PS 700 57 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ponanza 2-0 58 59 3 2014 4 1 FINAL 2015 3 2 2016 ponanza 2-0 60
NII web 61... ex) ex) juman machine translation 62 ALPA 70 SHRDLU inograd 1970 90 63 ELIZA (eizenbaum 1966) [ELIZA 1, 2] eizenbaum: omputer Power & Human Reason inograd & Flores: Understanding omputers and ognition inograd, erry: Understanding Natural Language (1972): SHRDLU 64 ELIZA mother tell me more about your family Rogers DOOR: PARRY: DOOR vs. PARRY 65 yc, Openyc (1984 ) Open Mind ommon Sense, onceptnet (1999 ). ASON http://www-03.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/ 2011 Jeopardy! IBM olfram Alpha 66
1960 ALPA Systran Yahoo! / Babelfish oogle 2014 67 60... cf. 68 oogle Yahoo! Yahoo! Japan SYSRAN Babelfish SYSRAN excite eblio 69