,,,,, :IRT ; ; ; ( CIP ) /. :,2002 () ISBN7-313 - 03053-3.......... H319-39 CIP (2002) 028117 ( 877 200030 ) : 64071208 : : 890mm1240mm 1/ 32 : 5.875 : 163 2002 7 1 2002 7 1 : 1-1 050 ISBN7-313 - 03053-3/ H 594 : 10.00
,,, :,, : ; ;,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,
,, C + +,,,, : 1) IR T Logistic ICC,, 2), EM, CE TMMLE.C Bilog3.0 3),,,, 4) 1
, C + +, 5) IR T, : :,,,, 2
0 1 1 13 1.1 ( Normal-ogive curve model) 13 1.2 Birn baum Logistic 14 1.3 Birn baum Logistic ICC 15 1.4 Rasch 15 1.5 17 2 Newton-Raphson EM 20 2.1 Newton 20 2.2 EM 22 3 24 4 36 5 53 6 68 7 MA P 74 8 EA P 80 9 85 9.1 / / 86 9.2 88 10 91 10.1 91 10.2 : 94 10.3 96 10.4 96 10.5 98 1
11 99 11.1 100 11.2 102 11.3 108 11.4 109 12 C 110 12.1 ICC 110 12.2 CET4VS 111 12.3 115 12.4 121 12.5 CE TVS 122 A BILOG3.0 124 B CE TMMLE.C 143 C CET4VSCA T.CPP 146 D 162 172 2
0, (, C. Weir; 1998 )??,, 20 70,,,,,, 70,,,,,, 20,,, Bachman ( 1991 ), ( GRE ) 1
,, ( Communicative language competence),,? Chomsky ( 1957 ) ( Competence) ( Performance),,,,,, Hymes( 1972 ),,, H ymes, 80, Canale Swain (1980), : 1) ( Linguistic competence), 2) ( Sociolinguistic competence),, 3) (Discoursal compet ence), 4) ( Strat egic competence), 80 90, Bachman(1991), 90 2
, Bachman,, ( Meta-cognitive stra teges ), : Bachman,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, C. weir;1998),, 3
, ( Con struct validity),,,,,, ( Target validity)(decision validity ) 80, (1985 1986 ),,,,,,, :,,,,, (, C. Weir; 1998 ),,, ;,,,,, 4,
,,, : 1) ( Multiple-choice Item, MC) MC,, MC, MC,, MC,, MC,, MC MC, MC, MC, MC, MC ( Washback ) 2),,,,,,,,,, (Direct test), 3) ( Authentic Test ),,, 5
4) ; 5) ( MC ),, ;, 6),,,,, 80 ( Item Respon se Theory, IR T ),, ( Computerized adaptive testing, CAT ),, MC,,, MC ( ),, MC IR T CAT (, MC ), 6
( ),,,,,,, CAT,,, CA T ( ),, MC,,, 90,,,,, ( Classical test theory ) ( True score theory), ( F.Galton ) ( K.Pear son ) ( Spearman, 1904 ), ( Thur stone, 1925 ) ( Binet, Sinon; 1905 ) 50, ( Gulliksen, 1950 ) T heory of Mental Tests :, : X = T + E 7