3 10~20min 1min W 0.133~1.33MPa ~60kΩ E 3 E 1 E 1 E 2 5~7 lm/w. 1-2 (W) (V) (V) (A) (A) (lm) (K) h Ω GGY

1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1-1 W 10~1000 50~400 35~1000 18~180 400~1000 (lm/w) 6.5~19 30~50 60~120 100~175 60~80 (h) 1000 2500~5000 16000~24000 2000~3000 2000 Ra 95~99 30~40 20~25 65~85 (min) 4~8 4~8 7~15 4~8 (min) 5~10 10~20 5 10~15 cosφ 1.0 0.45~0.62 0.30~0.44 0.06 0.40~0.61 1-1 1 1W lm/w / 2 70% ±2% 25±5 10h 50%

3 10~20min 1min 4 1000W 0.133~1.33MPa 1 2 40~60kΩ 2 1-3 E 3 E 1 E 1 E 2 5~7 lm/w. 1-2 (W) (V) (V) (A) (A) (lm) (K) h Ω GGY50 50 9515 0.62 1.00 1570 3500 285 GGY80 80 10015 0.85 1.30 2940 202 GGY125 125 11515 1.25 1.80 4990 5500 5000 134 GGY175 175 13015 1.50 2.30 7350 100 GGY250 250 13015 2.15 3.70 11025 6000 71 GGY400 400 220 13515 3.25 5.70 21000 45 GYZ160 160 0.75 0.95 2560 1000 GYZ250 250 1.20 1.70 4900 4400 GYZ450 450 2.25 3.50 11000 160W 250W 450W GYZ-450 250W 200W

1-2 1 5% 1-2 2 3 4 400W 1-4 1960 1-5 1 2~1 10 400W 40~44V 10A 100V 4.6A 2500V 220V 1 1 1-6 D C1 C1 T T L a b ab bc 2500V 2

1-7 3 175±10V 100±2V 120V 145V 145V 180V 2 1-8 R AB AB A B A B L A B 1-3 A V W V A lm NG50 NG70 220 50 70 90±15 1.22 1.57 0.76 0.98 3200 5160 E27 NG100 100 100±20 1.80 1.20 8180 NG150 150 2.20 1.80 14200 E40 NG250 NG400 250 400 4.6 6.2 3.70 5.70 3.00 4.60 22200 41800 NG1000 220 1000 110 10.3 106800 380 185 6.5 E40 2000~2100K R =23~25 2300K R 60~70 lm/w 1-9 10 1990 8000h 16000~24000h 2-7

150 lm/w 1-10 In2O2 SnO2 U U 2 0.05mm U U 270 666.61Pa U 400V 8~10min 1-11 U 1-4 1-4 W V V A lm cosφ ND18 18 220 60 0.50 1800 BY22d 0.06±0.005 ND35 35 70 0.60 4800 ND55 55 109 0.59 8000 ND90 90 112 0.94 12500 ND135 135 164 0.95 21500 ND18 cosφ 0.4~0.67 cosφ 1 cosφ cosφ 18 C µf P W U V

Tgφ cosφr φ tgφ cosφ φ Cosφ sinφ tgφ φ 1-5 2 1-5 eosφ sinφ tgφ φ cosφ sinφ tg φ Φ cosφ sinφ tgφ φ 1 0 0 0 0.72 0.6937 0.9635 43 57 0.99 0.1409 0.1425 8 06 0.71 0.7042 0.9918 44 46 0.98 0.1990 0.2013 11 29 0.70 0.7140 0.020 45 34 0.97 0.2430 0.2505 14 04 0.69 0.7238 1.049 46 22 0.96 0.2800 0.2917 16 16 0.68 0.7330 1.078 47 09 0.95 0.3123 0.3287 18 12 0.67 0.7424 1.108 47 56 0.94 0.3412 0.3630 19 57 0.66 0.7512 1.138 48 42 0.93 0.3676 0.3953 21 34 0.65 0.7599 1.169 49 27 0.92 0.3919 0.4360 23 04 0.64 0.7684 1.201 50 12 0.91 0.4146 0.4556 24 30 0.63 0.7766 1.233 50 57 0.90 0.4360 0.4844 25 51 0.62 0.7845 1.265 51 41 0.89 0.4560 0.5124 27 08 0.61 0.7924 1.299 52 25 0.88 0.4759 0.5398 28 21 0.60 0.8000 1.334 53 08 0.87 0.4929 0.5668 29 32 0.59 0.8075 1.368 53 51 0.86 0.5103 0.5934 30 41 0.58 0.8145 1.403 54 33 0.85 0.5267 0.6197 31 47 0.57 0.8216 1.441 55 15 0.84 0.5426 0.6459 32 52 0.56 0.8285 1.479 55 57 0.83 0.5578 0.6720 33 54 0.55 0.8352 1.520 56 38 0.82 0.5724 0.6980 34 55 0.54 0.8417 1.559 57 19 0.81 0.5864 0.7240 35 54 0.53 0.8480 1.600 58 00 0.80 0.6000 0.7500 36 52 0.52 0.8541 1.643 58 40 0.79 0.6131 0.7761 37 49 0.51 0.8602 1.686 59 20 0.78 0.6257 0.8023 38 44 0.50 0.8660 1.732 60 00 0.77 0.6380 0.8286 39 39 0.45 0.8930 1.984 63 15 0.76 0.6499 0.8551 40 32 0.40 0.9164 2.290 66 25 0.75 0.6614 0.8819 41 25 0.35 0.0367 2.677 69 31 0.74 0.6726 0.9089 42 16 0.30 0.9539 3.180 72 32 0.73 0.6834 0.9362 43 07 0.25 0.9680 3.867 75 31 Rc 20 C µf 2

cosφ 1 tgφ=0.62(cosφ=0.85)., 1-6 180V, 210V. : (1).,,. 1-6 W A A V cosφ cosφ VA VA µf 80 108 1.3 0.90 0.45 198 10 0.58 0.46 0.89 101 125 128 1.8 1.10 0.57 242 10 1.0 0.70 0.91 154 250 130 3.3 2.15 0.57 462 20.3 2.33 1.53 0.88 336 400 135 5.7 3.27 0.62 720 30 4.0 2.10 0.98 462 150 250 16 3.5 2.85 0.43 627 30 1.8 1.45 0.85 319 400 107 5.6 4.50 0.42 990 50 2.5 2.25 0.84 495 (2). (3).,. 2 : (1)., 145V, 220V, ;.,. (2)., 170V,,,.,..,,.,,.. 1-12., ;

( ), ( ),,,.,., ( )., 150 lm/w, 50 lm/w, 100 lm/w., 66%.,, ND18, 4000h,..,,, U U 2-1 a 2 1 a b c a b 2-2 I 26 I A U V Z Ω ZL ZI Z=ZL ZI 2-2 2-2 2-1 26 ƒ ƒ=50hz µ H/m N ا

I U1=IZ1 U1 Z1 Z 50Hz П U E П U 0.35mm 0.5mm U 2-3 N1 N2 U1 U2 1-2 3-4 N1 I1 Φ1 a b c d a e f d Φ1 a b 1 2 a e 4 3 250~500V 1 UL Un U1 UL 29 Un Un=220V

U1 V 2-4 30 125W 1-2 U1=115V UL 30 1 S=0.75 P (2-6) S c ; P W 125W S=0.75 125=8.4cm² 2 30 N ƒ ƒ=50hz B T 1~1.3T 125W B=1T 30 4 30 D mm I A J J=2.5A/mm². 125W 1.25A 31 D=0.8mm 5 Π U,. µ1=1, µ1, ( )., B=1.0T, (31 ) δ------ (mm); I------ (A). N------ ( ); 125W (31 ) L=µ SN²/δ (2-10) L H N µ µ =4π 10 ¹ H/m S δ m ZL XL=2πƒL Ω 2-11 2πƒµ SN² δ ZL N ZL 1 2-1

2 2-1 50%~115% 2-1 4% 2-1 50Hz W V A Ω eosφ 50 1.00 0.62 285 8.76 80 1.30 0.85 202 11.67 125 220 1.80 1.25 134 0.06± 16.75 175 2.00 1.50 100 0.005 18.00 cosφ=0.08 W 250 3.70 2.15 71 26.26 400 5.70 3.25 45 38.03 35 0.53 353 7.93 50 0.76 246 10.78 70 0.98 180 0.06± 12.96 100 220 1.20 150 0.005 17.28 150 2.20 1.80 100 25.92 250 3.70 3.00 60 43.20 400 5.60 4.60 39 66.00 1000 10.30 16.3 0.04± 72.63 1000 380 6.50 46.7 0.002 86.87 cosφ=0.042 3 20 C~30 C 55 C 4 250V 2000V min 250 5000 min 500 20±5 C 50 ~70 10 Ω Ω 25 1.25mm

Ω 220 cosφr 0.5~1.0 0.5 cosφ 0.04~0.08 cosφ cosφ cos 250 60Ω cosφ=0.06 60Ω cosφ=0.06 60=180V P=Uicosφ=180 3 0.06=32.4W 8h 3 C 6h T 37 T C R1 8h Ω R2 6h Ω t 1 C t 2 C 2-2 250W 1.775Ω 20 C 3A 6h 2.1725Ω, 22 C T R1=1.775Ω R2=2.1725Ω t 1=20 C t 2=22 C 2-14 38

2-6 2-7 2-6 2-7 250W I=3A Z=60Ω 1# 3.7A 2# 4.6A 2-6 2=7 A B C A 180V I1=I2=3A Z1=Z2=60Ω 1# 2# P1=P2 A 220V B 140V 1# I1=2.3A Z1=140/2.3=60.87Ω P1=2.3Ucosφ1 2# I2=2A Z2=140/2=70Ω P2=2Ucosφ2 cosφ1=cosφ2, P1 P2 1# 2# C 220V 1# I1=3.3A Z1=200/3.3=60.6Ω P1=3.3Ucosφ1 2# I2=3.9A Z2=200/3.9=51.88Ω, P2=3.9Ucosφ2 cosφ1=cosφ2 P1 P2 2# 1# 10% 2# 1# 2-7 1# 2.3A 3A 3.3A 3 60.87Ω 60Ω 60.6Ω 2# 2A 3A 3.9A 70Ω 60Ω 51.28Ω 1.23 1.5~1.7. cosφ 1 cosφ tgδ cosφ tgδ csoφ=0.01~0.02 P P=I²R 2-15 P W I A R Ω Ph=KnƒBm1.6 10 W 2-16 Pe=Keƒ²B²m 10 (W) (2-17) Kh e

ƒ m kg (mm) P(1/50) P(1.5/50) P(1.7/50) D42 0.50 1.35 3.15 0.35 1.15 2.80 D43 0.50 1.20 2.90 0.35 1.05 2.50 44 0.50 1.10 2.65 0.35 0.90 2.20 D310 0.50 1.15 2.55 3.50 0.35 0.90 2.00 2.90 D320 0.50 1.05 2.30 3.20 0.35 0.80 1.80 2.60 D330 0.50 0.95 2.10 2.90 0.35 0.70 1.60 2.30 D340 0.50 0.85 1.90 2.60 0.35 0.60 1.40 2.00 (1/50) P(1.5/50) P(1.7/50) 50Hz 1.5 1.7T W/kg 60%~80% 2-3 1 S G B 2 B S G δ

262 1976 12 55 C 10 70%~75% 1/3 55 C P=KSτw (2-18) τw C -18 τw t t=ƒ(t) t= e-a(t-55) (2-19) C C=365 10 T α α=0.088 α 8 2-3 G 400W 97.5 365 e-0.088 (97.5-55)=365 0.02375=87

2 3-1 1 2 60%

60% 60% IEC 4 3,.,..,,,,. 6.

c γ(36 γ 56 c ) c-γ c=0 c=180 c=90 c=270 γ γ γ 180 c γ 1872 c 90 270 972 γ c cd/1000 lm C=( ) 270 285 300 310 315 320 75 90 Γ( ) 0 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 194 10 188 188 187 188 189 190 193 194 20 177 177 179 182 184 187 184 185 30 160 163 168 173 178 181 169 170 35 150 154 160 167 171 176 160 161 40 139 144 152 159 164 170 150 151 45 125 106 146 155 157 160 142 139 47.5 115 99 137 145 151 159 155 132 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 γ c 0 ~30 10 0 ~50 5 35 ~45 5 60 ~120 15 γ 47.5 105 2.5 c 130 ~230 5 120 180 15 240 ~300 15 310 ~355 5 c a c 180 b

c 90 270 c γ = γ 3 3 d 3. 3 4 c γ 3-4 2 Imax 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 3-4 CIE 3-4 3-4 α γ c 3 1000 lm B B-β A A-α

3-5 1 2 3-6 2 β ±β 1000 lm 3-7 3 3-3 3-3 cd 50540 104 88 lm 45393 (lm) 47706 (lm) 84000 % 54 % 57 10% 50% 2 60 30 2 6 / 24 [] 6 24 5 +8 / 24 5 8 12 50% 20 20 ~40 3 10% 50% 4 5 6

1 w (h) w/h w/h h 3-8 a γ1 γ2 3-8 c tg ¹(w/h)=γ 2 3-9 3-9 h 0,h,2h,3h,, w/h=0,1 2 3 3 10h h h=0 h 3-9 3 3 4 65 ηl s m L cd/ Χ m Q0 Φ 10

3-10 2 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 25% 20% 15% 12.5% 10% 6.25% 5% 2% 1% Emax=KzΦ/h² (3-2) K1 Φ H 1000 lm 1000 lm [ 7-1 ] 0 0 4 3-11 8-11 Lmax=K2ΦQ0/h² 3-3 K2 Q0 H Φ 3-2 c=0 10h 4 4 0 0 [ 4-10 ] 2 3-4 1 1965 90 80 3-5 2 1977 No.34

3 throw spread (control) 3 3-6 IEC NO.529 NO.598 GB7002-86 6 8 3-4 3-5 CIE 1965 90 80 90 80 0~65 10cd/1000 lm 30cd/1000 lm 0~75 50cd/1000 lm 100cd/1000 lm 1000cd 1000cd γmax<60 γmax 70 γmax Imax γmax>70 2 90%Imax γ <45 45 γ 2 90%Imax 55 γ >55 γ SLI<2 2 SLI 4 SLI>4 1 1 50mm 2 12mm 3 2.5mm 4 1.0mm 5 6

2 1 2 15 3 4 5 6 7 8 IP 2 IP IP23 2 3 1 2 3 6 8

2 99.8%

3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L

1 U0 80 Lmin 2 UL 80 L min L max 2 2 1 4-1 2 Holladay 1972 Evyv θ 1.5~60 81 Lv cd/ Evyv lx θ k θ K=10 θ K=3 10 ³ 82 1 82 Lb Lbaff

2 82 Lo Co Caff 4-2CIE CIE 8 TI 0.05cd/ 5cd/ 83 TI % Lv cd/ 1 90m L 2 G G=f(I80 I88 F c Lav h p) I80 I88 80 88 cd F 76 Lav cd/ h 1.5m p c c= 0.4 c=0 G 84 4-6 50 I80 7000 cd I I80/I88 50 7.10 ³ F 4.10 ¹( ) 0.3 Lav 7(cd/ ) 5 h 20(m) 20 p 100 G 1 I80 I88 F c 4-6 SLI 85 SLI 2 Lav h p G 4-1 4-1 G

G 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 2 2 1 I80 I88 2 1 T 2 1 L U0 TI

UL G 2 U0 TI Lav U0 TI Lav U0 0.4 0.2 Lav 3.5~4 TI 7% 30% Lav 2.5 Bouguer 1970 Sabey 1971 4-3 q 9 4-4 60~160m 1.5m α 0.5 ~1.5 α q α α=1 25m 60m δ 20 δ β γ q=ƒ β γ =q β γ 4-9 α α q 4-8 4-9 91 h I c γ

γ β γ =q β γ cos³γ γ γ β γ β tgγ γ Γ β γ γ 4-5 5H 12H 0 3H H 20mm.CIE γ 100% 60% 40% 25% 15% 10% 6% 4% 2.5% 1.5% 1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.25% 0.15% 0.1% 3 γ γ 3 2 3 Q1 S1 S2 92 q Ω0 r 0 2 β=0 γ=0 4-11 Q1 q r Q1 S1 S2 Q0 q r 4-11 q r Q0 S1 S2 S1 r 3 S1 2 R R1 R2 R3 R4 4 N N1 N2 N3 N4 4 4-2 R N 2 S1 r CIE R 4-2 R N R N Q0

S1 S1 S2 S1 1 S1<0.42 0.25 1.53 S1<0.28 0.18 1.30 0.10 2 0.4 S1<0.85 0.58 1.80 0.28 S1<0.60 0.14 1.48 0.07 3 0.8 S1<1.35 1.11 2.38 0.60 S1<1.30 0.88 1.98 0.07 4 1.35 S1 1.55 3.30 1.30 S1 1.61 2.48 0.08 CIE R R 4 R1 R2 R3 R4 r N N 4 N1 N2 N3 N4 r ~ R 4 r PIARC 1984 C R N S1 C 2 C1 C2 4-3 R N 4 4-3 C S1 S1 Q0 C1 S1 0.4 0.24 0.1 C2 S1>0.4 0.97 0.07 4-2 4-3 C R R1 C1 R2 R3 R4 3 C2 r CIE R 4 r Q0 S1 4-2 r r Q0 r Q0 R1 r Q0=0.1 Q0 Q0 r Q0=1 Q0 Q0 Q0 S1 S2 4-4 r Q0 Q0 4-4 1 15% 30% R1 2 80% 100% 3 1 R2 2 10%~15% 3 60% 10mm 4 1 10mm S1 S2

R3 R4 2 1 2 r 44 113 4972 Lav U0 UL r r 4-5 4-5 R r % Lov U0 UL R1 5.4 8.6 10.6 R2 6.0 6.9 8.3 R3 5.7 7.4 9.2 R4 5.4 8.4 9.6 r r r 4-5 r CIE R CIE r R N r C Q0 S1 S2 W1~W2 r CIE.47(1979) Road Lighting for Wet Conditions CIE

1 2 5 4 3 4 5 6 5-1 1/2 1 lx. 30% 50% 7 8 15 lx 50 100 lx 1 1 2 5-1 2 2 0 4 0 4 3 4 5-1 CIE 2 5 5-1 CIE1965 CIE G TI CIE1965 G TI G TI 1966 CIE1965 G G=6.7 G=4.8 G CIE 4 6 6 5-1 250W 400W 80 116 119cd/1000 lm.90 107 109cd/1000 lm, CIE 7 1cd/m CIE 4 CIE

4 5-1 30% 8 CIE 1/2 9 CIE 5-1 CIE CIE CIE 2 NO.12 1965 NO.12-2 1977 1 CIE 1965 CIE 5-2 5-5 2 CIE 1977 5-6 5-7 CIE 5m 50% 5-2 CIE 1965 (cd/m 2 ) A 1 2 A 1 A 1 1 A 1 2 B 1 1 B 1 0.5

5-3 E lx /L lx (lx/cd/m 2 ) 24 12 18 9 15 7 5-4 / 3 3.5 4 5-5 90 80 0~65 10cd/1000 lm 30cd/1000 lm 0~75 50cd/1000 lm 100cd/1000 lm 90 1000cd 1000cd 1928 11 1983 CIE 2 1 5-8 2 5-9 3 5-10 (4) 5-11 5-6 CIE 1977 L av (cd/m 2 ) U 0 U L G TI % A 2 0 4 0 7 6 10 B 1 2 0 4 5 10 2 1 6 10 C 1 2 0.4 0.5 5 20 2 1 6 10 D 2 0.4 0.5 4 20 E 1 1 0.4 0.5 4 20 2 0.5 0.4 5 20 80

0.8 TI 2/3 5-7 CIE 1977 L av (cd/m 2 ) U 0 U L G TI % A 2 0 4 0 7 6 10 B 1 2 0 4 5 10 2 1 6 10 C 1 2 0.4 0.5 5 20 2 1 6 10 D 2 0.4 0.5 4 20 E 1 1 0.4 0.5 4 20 2 0.5 0.4 5 20 70km/h 1 1 5-12 66 5-12 2 5-12 5-8 1983 L ex (cd/m 2 ) L ex /L min L max /L min L x /L ex A 0.6 3.5/1 6/1 0.3/1 B 0.4 3.5/1 6/1 0.3/1 1.0 3/1 5/1 0.8 3/1 5/1 0.3/1 0.6 3.5/1 6/1 1.2 3/1 5/1 0.9 3/1 5/1 0.3/1 0.6 3.5/1 6/1 0.8 3/1 5/1 0.6 3.5/1 6/1 0.4/1 0.4 4/1 8/1 0.6 6/1 10/1 0.5 6/1 10/1 0.4/1

5-9 0.3 6/1 10/1 1983 A 6 9 8 B 4 6 5 lx R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 Eex /Emin 10 14 13 1 2 8 12 10 3/1 6 9 8 12 17 15 9 13 11 3/1 6 9 8 8 12 10 6 9 8 4/1 4 6 5 6 9 8 5 7 6 6/1 3 4 4 L ex L min L mex L x 2 0.6cd/m 2 3 1 0.6cd/m 2 5 1 2 A B 150 P=(S 1) 1000 P S S=V 1 /V 2 V 1 V 2 5-10 1983 lx 6 6 6 10 8 6 12 9 6 8 6 6 1 E ex /E min 3 1 5-11 1983 lx A 10 22 6 11 2 5 3/1 lx

1 2 4 5 5 B 43 54 1.8m 3 0.4cd/m 2 4 lx 2 0 2cd/m 2 2 lx 2 lx 5-12 CHN-II-4-79 cd/m 2 lx 3000 1.6 20 A 1000~3000 1.2 20 500~1000 0.8 15 500 0.6 15 2000 1.0 15 1000~2000 0.8 15 B 500~1000 0.6 10 500 0.4 10 500 0 4 6 C 500 0 2 4 4 1981 5-13~ 5-15 5-16 3 1 5-13 5-14 25% 70% 2

5-15 1 2 3 50km/h 25% 70% 3 U L =L 1 min/l 1 maxo U 0 =L min L avo 4 g=e min /E av 5 1 0 c 15 165 c 180 70 γ 90 2 3 4 5-13~ 5-15 5-16 CIENO.12-2 5-13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 /h 900 600 200 200 h/ 200 300 300 <300 L m U L KB L m U L KB L m U L KB L m U L KB L m 1 2 0.7 1 2 0.7 1 1.5 0.6 1 1 0.8 2 2 2 1.5 0.6 1 1.5 0.6 1 1 0.6 2 0.5 0.5 2 2 3 1 0.6 1 1 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 2 0.5 0.5 2 1.5 4 1.5 0.6 1 1 0.6 1 0.5 0.6 2 0.5 0.6 2 1.5 5 v>70km/h v 1 0.6 1 0.5 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 2 0.5 0.5 2 1 70km/h 6 1 0.7 1 1 0.7 1 1 0.7 1 1 0.7 1 v>110km/h

7 v 1 0.7 1 0.5 0.6 1 0.5 0.6 1 0.5 0.6 1 110km/h 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 /h 600 300 100 100 100 h/ 200 300 300 <300 <300 U L KB L m U L KB L m U L KB L m U L KB L m U L KB 1 0.7 1 2 0.7 1 1.5 0.6 1 0.5 0.4 2 0.3 0.3 2 2 0.7 1 1.5 0.6 1 1 0.6 2 0.5 0.4 2 0.3 0.3 2 3 0.7 1 1.5 0.6 1 1 0.6 2 0.5 0.4 2 0.3 0.3 2 4 0.6 1 1 0.6 1 0.5 0.6 2 0.5 0.6 2 5 v>70km/h v 0.6 1 1 0.6 1 0.5 0.5 2 0.5 0.5 2 70km/h 6 v>110km/h 7 v 110km/h 1 L n cd/m 2 U L KB 2 <30m U L 0.05 >40m U L 0.05 3 U 0 0.4 27 4 26~28 5-15 E x (lx) g KB 7 0.2 2 3 0.1 2 E x G KB 5-16 K B 1 2 R=90 10cd/1000 lm 50cd/1000 lm 500cd 1000cd R=80 3cd/1000 lm 100cd/1000 lm 1000cd 2000cd

1978 5-17~ 5-20 5-17 cd/m 2 2 1 0.5 2 1 1 15000 2 7000~15000 3 7000 5-18 A A B 1 A 90 30cd/1000 lm 80 120cd/1000 lm 2 B 90 60cd/1000 lm 80 150cd/1000 lm 1956 1963 1973 1977 1985 10 1985 CIE 1 L ex, U 0 U L 2 5-12 5-19 lm m 0.6m 0.6m 125000 8 1 1.5 15 125000~25000 10 1 1.5 15 25000 12 1 1.5 15 5-20 h s h s h s 10.w 3h 1.2w 3.5h 1.4w 4h 0.5w 3h 0.6w 3.5h 0.7w 4h

0.7w 3h 0.8w 3.5h 0.9w 4h W 5-21 L ex (cd/m 2 ) U 0 U L TI % S R 1 1.5 0.4 0.7 15 5m 2 1.0 0.4 0.5 30 3 0.5 0.4 0.5 30 0.5 5-21 CIE 2cd/m 2 1.5cd/m 2 1.5cd/m 2 TI G G 2 TI TI TI 15% TI 30% 3 10m 12m 2 4 5-22 1 2 3 4 M 5 123 S 1 5-22 M 5-23 Φ L ex 6 U 0 U L SR S 5-22 U 0 U L SR 7 TI TI=V F Φ/10 L ex /M 0.8 V F 5-22 5-22 7m 8m 9m S 1 =4.72 SR=0.54 S m S 1 =4.49 SR=0.61 S 1 =4.24 SR=0.55 U 0 U L V F U 0 U L V F U 0 U L V F 20 0.46 0.91 33 0.40 0.92 31 0.36 0.93 29 22 0.45 0.91 30 0.41 0.92 29 0.38 0.92 27 24 0.46 0.91 29 0.41 0.91 27 0.37 0.92 25 26 0.46 0.91 26 0.43 0.92 26 0.38 0.92 24 28 0.43 0.88 26 0.40 0.86 25 0.38 0.85 23 32 0.44 0.82 25 0.41 0.87 23 0.38 0.90 21 5-23

IP23 IP54 6 0.61 0.69 0.96 0.91 0.92 0.96 12 0.53 0.62 0.94 0.86 0.88 0.94 18 0.84 0.58 0.92 0.83 0.85 0.92 24 0.45 0.56 0.91 0.81 0.83 0.91 36 0.42 0.53 0.90 0.79 0.82 0.90 4 M M M IP23 M M 0.65+0.35exp( m/12) m IP23 M M =0.80+0.20exp( n/24) n M F 5-23 2 IP23 IP54 3 M F 1 CIE 1988 2 2cd/m 2 CIE 2cd/m 2 1cd/m 2. 3 CIE G TI CIE TI G CIE1965 3 4 CIE1977 1958 CIE SR 5

6 7 5-24 5-24 [lx/(ca/m 2 )] 15 10 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4

5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1~2 12m 5 5 6-1 1 6-1 a Weff 6-2 2 2 6-1 b 0.7 3 6-1 c 1/3 2 4 6-1 d

6~8m 5 6-1 e Y T 5 12m 20m 1 h 2 S 3 O CIE 1/4 1977 CIE No.34 2m 1/4 4 γ 15 CIE No.34 1977 5

2 1.2~2. ( ) 3 6-3 2 6 7 60~100m 10m 16m 2m 14m 40 ~50 65 ~70 6m 3 10m 12m 3~4 1 UL 0.8 0.7 2 2 U0 U0=0.4 0.6~0.8( 0.4 ) 2 CIE U0=0.2 3 Lav 80%

4 G 0.5~1.0 TI TI 5 2 1 Lav>2.9cd/ 4 2 Lav>1.5cd/ 20m 20m 70 60 1 2 3 4 5 15~20m 6 1 2

2 3 1 2 3 3 4 10 5 50 2 2 400W 1000W 6 75 ~80 60 70 60 ~65 50 ~60 60 ~65 3 1

4 1 5 1 7 20 lx 2 8 9 30~40 1987 10 1988 11 2 1 0.5m 6-1 2 6-1 6-1 h s h s h s h wcff S 3h h 1.2wcff S 3.5h. h 1.4wcff S 4h h 0.7wcff S 3h h 0.8wcff S 3.5h h 0.9wcff S 4h h 0.5wcff S 3h h 0.6wcff S 3.5h h 0.7wcff S 4h (3)

1000m 1000m 0.5~0.75 a, b

2cd/ 10s 100km/h 280m 0.3cd/ 20 lx 50~100 lx

30m 1 lx 5 lx 20 lx 158 3000

1.5~2 lx 1~2 lx 2 20 1 3 1m 3m 1 2 3 4 1 3m 8m 2 3 4 1 1983

2 A B C 5 20 lx 7 lx 8 lx 1.5 lx 1.5 lx A 2.9% B 18.7% C 78.4% 5 16% 40% 1 7-1 P 160 I γc γ c P γ c h N P 160 P γ 1 c 1 P 7-1 P E pi 7-2 klm( ) P 3~4 0 0 α c=0 γ=90 α 2

3~4 3~4 klm 1 161 E av E i I 162 η Φ M 0.5~0.7; N W S G E min E ex g=e min /E ex (7-5) E ex /E min (E max ) E ex /E min E min / E ex E min /E max E max / E min E ex 7-3 7-4 E min E max E ex E min E max E ex E max E min I 0 I γ cos 3 γ( I 0 I γ γ ) I 0 I γ cos 3 γ, 7-2 A B C3 A B C3

1 [ 7-1] 7-3 w=10m h=10 m S=20m 0 0 7-4 22500 lm 7-3 P 1 P d=6m=0.6h 7-4 0 0.6h A A 2 7-3 P L 1 P l 1 =25m=2.5h L 2 P l 2 =5m=0.5h L 3 P l 3 =15m=1.5h 7-4 A A l 1 l 2 l 3 L 1 L 2 L 3 3 7-4 3 P E L1 =E max 3% E L2 =E max 53% E L3 =E max 13% E =E L1 +E L2 +E L3 =E max 69% P 166 2 [ 7-2] 15m 12m 36m 2m 5 7-5 7-6 250W 22500 lm 0.6 1 7-6 w/h=2/12=0.167 η 1 =0.035 w/h=5.5/12=0.46 η 2 =0.24 η=η 1 +η 2 =0.035+0.24=0.275 7-4 167 2 7-6 w/h=5.5/12=0.46~w/h=13/12=1.08 η 0~0.46 =0.24~η 0~1.08 =0.35 η 0.46-1.08 =0.35-0.24=0.11 7-4 167 3 7-6 w/h=2/12=0.167 η 1 =0.035 w/h=13/12=1.08 η 2 =0.35 η=η 1 +η 2 =0.385 E ex =0.385 22500 0.6 1 36 15=9.6 lx 1 2

E ex = 13.8+5.5 /2=9.6 lx 3 [ 7-3] 12m LD-8501 7-7 7-8 1 1 15 lx 2 12m 3 65 80 90 h w eff S h w eff,s 3h 4 O=2m h=w eff =12-2=10m S=30m α=0 5 10 15 2 1 1 7-8 η w 1 =2m w 1 /h=0.2 w 2 =10m w 2 /h=1 0 η 1 =0.14 η 2 =0.29 η 0 =0.14+0.29=0.43 5 η 1 =0.1 η 2 =0.353 η 5 =0.1+0.353=0.453 10 η 1 =0.06 η 2 =0.40 η 10 =0.06+0.40=0.46 η 0 <η 5 <η 10 10 15 10 LD-8501 5 10 5 2 LD-8501 M=0.88 0.75=0.66 3) 250W Φ=22500 lm 100W Φ=7000 lm 4 7-4 250W 7-4 170 15 lx 18.7 lx 5 E ex 7-4 170 250W 7-4 18 lx 15 lx S 215W

2 7-9 P P L 1 L 2 L 3 3 1 P L 1 L 2 L 3 c 1 γ 1 c 2 γ 2 c 3 γ 3 7-9 L 1 tgγ 1 = (30-4) 2 +4 2 10=26.3/10=2.63 cosc 1 =26/ (30-4) 2 +4 2 =26/26.3=0.9886 γ 1 =69, c 1 =8.7 L 2 tgγ 2 = 4 2 +4 2 10=5.565/10=0.5656 γ 2 =29.5, c 2 =180-45 =135 L 3 tgγ 3 = (30-4) 2 +4 2 10=34.234/10=3.423 γ 3 =73.7, c 2 =180 -cos -1 (34 (30-4) 2 +4 2 =180-6.7 =173.3 2) ( 7-7) L 1 L 2 L 3 P 0 5 c=0 γ=90 5 L1 =120cd L2 =195cd I L3 =80cd 3) - (7-2) P 172 cos 3 γ 1 =0.0460 cos 3 γ 2.6592 cos 3 γ 3 =0.0221 120/100 0.0460+(195/100) 0.6592+(80/100) 0.0221 =0.0552+1.2854+0.01768=1.3583 Φ 22500 lm 0.66 =1.3583 (22500/1000) 0.66=20 lx 1 γ P 173 P 173 c i γ 1 P i I c i γ 1 i P γ β i γ 1 γ h 5 12 5 2 (c=0 ) 10h

1 7-10 (0 0) 10h 2 7-11 2 5 10% 10h c=0 0.875h 5 4 CIE NO.30-2 1 CIE (7-8) 176 L i i n L ex 2 177 ηι Φ (lm) w (m) S (m) Q (cd/ /lx) M 7-9 177 A B C

[ 7-4] [ 7-3] w=12m S=30m h=10m O=2m 1/4 L 2 60m P 1 β L 1 L 2 L 3 7-12 178 2 γ 1 c 1 γ 2 c 2 γ 3 c 3 [ 7-3] tgγ 1 =2.630 γ 1 =69 c 1 =8.7 tgγ 2 =0.5656 γ 2 =29.5 c 2 =135 tgγ 3 =3.423 γ 3 =73.7 c 3 =173.3 (3) L 1 L 2 L 3 P 0 I L1 =110cd I L2 =175cd I L3 =75cd (4) (β 1 γ 1 ) (β 2 γ 2 ) (β 3 γ 3 ) γ R 1 =171.87 10-4 188.78 10-4 11.73 10-4 (5) 179 (6) Φ 22500 lm 0.65 22500/1000 0.65 =(189.60+330.36+8.79) 10-4 22.5 0.65 =0.77cd/ [ 7-5] Φ 4000 lm h=10m S=40m w=15m 4m(=0.4h) L 1 100m(=10h) h L 1 (4) 5 7-13 5 3.4 5 A B A L 1 L max 100% L 2 L max 1% A L max 101% B L 2 L max 4% L 2 L max 4% B L max 8% 6 181 7 A B L A =1.01 4.16=4.2cd/ L B =0.08 4.16=0.33cd/ [ 7-6] 7-14(a) Φ=20000 lm h=10m

S=50m w=6m Q 0 =0.1 7-14(b) 1 10m(=1h) η L C 7-14 Y 3 =0 Y 3 =1.2h η L =0.29 Y 2 =0 Y 2 =0.6h η L =0.19 Y 2 =0.6h Y 2 =1.2h η L =0.29-0.19=0.10 2 η L B 7-14 Y 2 =0 Y 3 =0.4h η L =0.15 Y 1 =0 Y 1 =0.2h η L =0.09 Y 2 =0.4h Y 1 =0.2h η L =0.15+0.09=0.24 (3) 182 M G G G 4-6 183 4-6 G L ex L ex L ex [ 7-7] 9m Q 0 =0.1 250W 22500 lm h=10m S=33m O=1m I 80 =40cd/1000 lm I 90 =12cd/1000 lm F=0.084 G 1 η L =0.23 183 2 I 80 =40cd/1000 lm Φ=22500 lm I 80 =40 22.5=900cd -3.31logI 80 =-3.31log900=-9.78 (3) I 88 I 88 I 80 I 90 γ=80 γ=90 γ I 184 5 F=0.084 1.29IogF=-1.29 Iog0.084=-1.38 (6)h =h-h 0 =10-1.5=8.5m 4.41Iogh =4.41Iog8.5=4.10 (7) S=33m, P=1000/33=30.3, -1.46logP=-1.46log30.3=-2.16 (4-6) G=13.84-9.78+0.78-0.029-1.38+0.233+4.1-2.16=5.6 CIE G. 4-5 185 1.5 θ 60 K 10 θ 3 10-2 θ CIE 1 1/4

2 20 20 3 90m 1 1/4 20 500m 20% [ 7-8] S=33m h=10m 1/4 9600 lm C 7-1 L ex. 7-1 γ 65 70 75 80 83 85 87 88 89 90 I cd/1000 lm 238 123 77 42 28 23 17 15 13 10 CIE 7-15 1 γ 1 =71 L 1 = 10-1.5 tg71 =24.69m L 2 =33+24.69=57.69 γ 2 =tg -1 (57.69/8.5)=81.61 L 3 =90.69m γ 3 =84.64 L 4 =123.69m γ 4 =86.06 L 5 =156.69m γ 5 =86.69 L 6 =189.69m γ 6 =87.43 L 7 =222.69m γ 7 =87.81 L 8 =255.69m γ 8 =88.09 L 9 =288.69m γ 9 =88.31 L 10 =321.69m γ 10 =88.48 L 11 =354.69m γ 11 =88.62 L 12 =387.69m γ 12 =88.74 (2) I 70 I 71 187 I 81.61 =34.48=I 2 I 84.64 =23.9=I 3 I 86.06 =19.82=I 4 I 86.89 =17.33=I 5 I 97.43 =16.14=I 6 I 87.81 =15.38=I 7 I 88.09 =14.04=I 8 I 88.31 =14.38=I 9 I 88.48 =14.04=I 10 I 88.62 =13.76=I 11 I 88.74 =13.52=I 12 (3) 7-15 188 4 7-15 θ 1 =90 -γ 1 +1 189 1000 lm 9.6klm 9.6 K=9.366 L v =9.366 0.0008401 9.6 K=10 L v =10 0.008401 9.6 =0.0755cd/ =0.0806cd/ L v L ex TI C 0

1 TI [ 7-8] TI C 0 7-16 L v 7-17 TI % 7-16 C 0 7-16 h S:h R R Y 1 Y 1 Φ C 193 L ex 7-17 [ 7-8] K=10 L v =0.0806cd/ K=9.366 L v =0.0755cd/ 195 CIE K=10(θ ) K=3 10-3 (θ ) C 2.81 10-3 3 10-3 L v 3/2.81 L v =0.0801 K=3 10-3 2.81 10-3 K=10 9.366 L v =0.075 2 G G 7-18 1 7-18 I 80 2 1 3 1 I 80 /I 88 2 4 I 80 /I 88 3 5 3 I 80 /I 88 4 6 4 5 7 5 6 8 6 h 1.5m 7 9 7 8

10 8 9 11 9 10 12 G [ 7-7] G CIE 7-1 4-10 4-6 4-5 I R 1 1 8-1 2 8-2 a b Vλ V λ

3 200 α 8-3 E Eα α 55 85 8-4 201 =ƒα α 3 SZ 301 SZ 302 0.1 lx~1.999 10 lx 4% 1 0.05% 0.2%±1 0.2%±1 15min 8h 0.2%;,0 C~40 C 2 (1) 20 C 5 C (2) (3) (4) (5)

CIE 2 2 ~20 V λ PU3 1980A 1980B Pritchard 8-5 1 2 3 4 6 5 60~160m V λ 1 205 2 35 m 40m 37m

1 2 3 + 1 2 3 4 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 24 6 9-1 9-2 9-1 9-2 120 120 1 4min 120 1 4min 31 2 121 25 43.35 9-1 9-2 1 15 9-3 9-1 9-3 1 15 h:min (h:imn) +30 +35 +31 2 +30 +35 +31.2 1 10 17:44 17:34 17:41.6 6:31 6:41 6:33.4 1 20 17:52 17:43 17:49.8 6:30 6:39 6:32.2 ± 8.2min 1.2min 1 15 17 : 41.6+(8.2/10) 5=17 : 45.7 =6 : 32.2 (1.2/10) 5=6 : 31.6 120 6imn =17 : 40 =6 : 26 =

1 10 20 9-4 9-1 9-2 1 2 3 20 ~50 9-4 1 10 20 (h:min) 10 17:36 6:28 11 17:36 6:28 12 17:37 6:27 13 17:38 6:27 14 17:39 6:27 15 17:40 6:26 16 17:41 6:26 17 17:42 6:26 18 17:43 6:26 19 17:44 6:26 20 17:44 6:26 (h:min) 11 1 3 15 4000h 1 SDK-2 SDK-2 1 0.5A 5A 2 DC1.5V 5A AC220V 3 10 C +50 C 4 1.5h 2

1 0.4~2 lx 2 AC220V 3A 3 30s 15min 4 AC220V 50Hz 5 15 C~+45 C 3 1984 1 15min 2 2 1 A 120 40 220V 10h 2 B 365 365 B BEIJING A B A A 50% 1 HRD 4 HRD 4 HRD 0 HRD 0 2

1 100A 150A 4 2 10mA 1 50A 5m/s 3CT200 200A 70~80A 2 3CT200 9-1 9-1 K K 250W 50Hz 60Ω 2Ω 3 CJ10G-250 CJ10G-250 4 250V 250A 125A AC 4 360 /h AC 4 6

9-2 9-2 1 2 220V 8:00~17:00 9-2 9-3 3 1 10KV 1 2 3 4 1 2 10KV 10KV 3 10KV 4 2 10KV 10KV 3

1 9-4 1 2 3 4 9-5 2 9-6 1 2 1 2 9-6 50% 3 9-7 9-8 9-8 9-9 1 9-5 2 23:00 10%

3 9-5 1 2 3 4 a B ( c) (4) 1 9-10 2 9-11 9-11 1 A 40S 40S 2 5 B 2 3 1 2 C 4 4 B 5 3 9 12 9 2 9 12 0 5A 1 A CJ10 20 CJ10 40 4 9 13 22 30 SDK 2 24 23 9 5

10 1 10 2 10-1 \ kg/mm 2 kg/mm 1/ 7 3.5mm 15 6000 7 >3.5mm 14 6000 19 3.5mm 15 5700 19 >3.5mm 14 5700 23 10-4 2.7 37 14 5700 61 13.5 5700 LGJ-70 27 8000 19 10-4 LGJ-95~400 27 39 13000 17 10-4 8.9 10-2 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 +70 cosφ 35mm 2 25mm 2, Φ 4.0mm 10 2 1 1.6mm

10-3 +25 +70 mm 2 mm 2 mm 2 A A A TJ-10 90 LJ-16 105 LGJ-35 170 TJ-16 130 LJ-25 135 LGJ-50 220 TJ-25 180 LJ-35 170 LGJ-70 275 TJ-35 220 LJ-50 215 LGJ-95 335 TJ-50 270 LJ-70 265 TJ-70 340 LJ-95 325 10-3 187V 180V 187V 90% 95% 90% SDJ4-76 13 2 220V 380V 4% 95% (1) 251 U % 10-1 0.5 U % =0.5IL U (%) (10-1) (2) U % =I L U 10-2 U % U 251 U 1 V 1A km U % 10 4 10 5 (1) 2,

cosφ, 1 6 10-4 220V 1A km % mm 2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.5 2.425 3.205 4.25 5.35 6.4 7.44 8.48 9.5 10.5 4 1.54 2.04 2.70 3.36 4.0 4.65 5.29 5.95 6.56 6 1.05 1.38 1.815 2.25 2.68 3.12 3.62 3.98 4.37 10 0.65 0.847 1.107 1.33 1.625 1.885 2.19 2.39 2.62 16 0.438 0.554 0.71 0.865 1.04 1.19 1.349 1.50 1.64 25 0.264 0.354 0.475 0.57 0.675 0.775 0.87 0.97 1.04 35 0.216 0.277 0.354 0.424 0.493 0.57 0.64 0.70 0.74 16 0.587 0.725 0.95 1.01 1.14 1.28 1.4 1.51 1.64 25 0.487 0.555 0.64 0.725 0.804 0.833 0.95 1.0 1.05 35 0.435 0.46.52 0.57 0.631 0.675 0.718 0.725 0.74 50 0.384 0.399 0.425 0.467 0.493 0.52 0.545 0.55 0.493 10-5 380/220V 1A km % mm 2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.5 1.405 1.86 2.46 3.1 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.65 4 0.893 1.18 1.56 1.94 2.31 2.69 3.06 3.44 3.80 6 0.608 0.80 1.05 1.3 1.55 1.8 2.09 2.30 2.53 10 0.975 0.49 0.64 0.77 0.94 1.09 1.23 1.38 1.51 16 0.25 0.92 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.87 0.95 25 0.153 0.205 0.275 0.33 0.39 0.45 0.505 0.56 0.60 35 0.125 0.16 0.205 0.254 0.285 0.34 0.37 0.405 0.43 50 0.096 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.235 0.26 0.285 0.3 70 0.076 0.095 0.12 0.14 0.155 0.175 0.19 0.21 0.22 90 0.071 0.08 0.09 0.105 0.125 0.135 0.145 0.155 0.16 120 0.061 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13

16 10kV 10kV BBX-16mm 2 BBX-25mm 2 10~6 10-7 10-6 (,kva) (A) 20 87 BV-25 BV-35 BV-35 30 130.5 BV-35 BV-50 BV-70 50 217.4 BV-95 BV-95 BV-120 70 304.4 BV-70 2 BV-70 2 BV-70 2 90 319.4 BV-70 2 BV-70 2 BV-95 2 100 435 BV-95 2 BV-120 2 BV-120 2 10-7 (,kva) (A) 2 30 43.5 BV-16 BV-16 BV-16 40 57.7 BV-16 BV-25 BV-25 50 73 BV-16 BV-25 BV-35 63 91 BV-25 BV-50 BV-50 80 115.5 BV-35 BV-70 BV-70 100 145 BV-50 BV-95 BV-95 10-6 10-7 1 BV 40 P=2/3I 2 R W 10-3 10-4 A=2/3I 2 Rt 10-2 (kw h) (10-4) I A R 1 Ω t t=4000h 10-9 133 # ~E E~B

LJ-50 6 A Ω A 1 (kw h) A 2 (k Σ A= A Ω W h) A 2 + A 3 (kw h) 19 57 0.6992 6058 0 0 0 0 6058 18 54 0.6624 5151 1 42.95 0.0368 181 5332 17 51 0.6256 4338 2 45.95 0.0736 414 4752 16 48 0.5888 3619 3 48.95 0.1104 705 4324 15 45 0.552 2980 4 51.95 0.1472 1059 4039 14 42 1.5152 2440 5 54.95 0.184 1482 3922 13 39 0.4784 1940 6 57.95 0.2208 1977 3917 12 36 0.4416 1526 7 60.95 0.2576 2551 4077 11 33 0.4048 1175 8 63.95 0.2944 3211 4368 10 30 0.368 882 9 66.95 0.3312 3958 4840 EB 0 U BE GGY250 13 % BE % U * % BC BE U BE NG250 5 % = 3 4 0.04 5 0.53 0.5=0.636(%) Σ U(%)= U BF (%)+ U BE(GGY350 13) (%)+ U FB(NG250 5) (%)+ U BB (%) =4.45(%)+3.42(%)+1.272(%)+0.636(%)=9.778(%)<10(%) (5) LJ-16 LJ-25 LJ-35 10-10 1 ~ 3 10-10 ( 2-1 n / 1 n, A n,kva kwh 2-1 A kwh LJ-16 12 17.25/30 7 3283 42682 6189 5913 21000 26913 LJ-25 15 21.38/30 6 4147 45619 6615 9139 18000 27139 LJ-35 16 24.15/30 5 3619 32571 4722 12768 15000 27768 LJ-50 19 26.9/50 4 4214 29498 4277 18278 12000 30278 1 2-1 n -1 EC A 133 E 0.145 /kw. 3 13.44k BF =10000 /k =13.44 km k k 4 5 10-10 LJ-16 LJ-50 3365 LJ 16 LJ-50 1912 n=12 7

LJ-16 LJ-50 13794kW.h 2000 LJ-16 4189 12364 3 53.7% 10-10 [ 10-2] NG250 30µF 250V GGY250 20.3µF [ 10-1] A B 1 NG250 30µF 1-6 1 1 =1.45A cosφ=0.82 LJ-35 2 cosφ=0.82 10-4 cosφ=0.80 U % =0.718 cosφ=0.90, U (%)=0.725 cosφ=0.82 U % =0.719 L 1 =0.04km U % =10 % 10 5 263 n=21 2 I= 2n+1 I 1 = 2 21+1 1.45A=62.35A 0.23kV 62.35A=14.34kVA 20kVA =14.34/20=71.7% =6.20/0.04=155 43 NG250 =155/43=3.6 4 3 I 1 =1.45A n=21 R=0.04 21 0.92=0.773Ω A=2/3 I 2 Rt 10-3 =2/3(1.45 21) 2 0.773 4000 10-3 =1911kW h 4 B 10-2 10-2 B 130 # E E B 10-11 10-2[ 10-2] 10-11 B 130 # E 17 B 147 # Σ A F 10 11 130 # ~E E~B Σ A= A 1 (kw (Ω) A 1 (kw A 1 + A 2 (A) (Ω) h) (A) h) (kw h) 22 31.9 0.809 2195 0 27.14 0 0 2195 21 30.45 0.7728 1911 1 28.59 0.0368 80.2 1991 20 29.0 0.736 1655 2 30.04 0.0736 176.5 1831 19 27.55 0.699 1415 3 31.49 0.1104 290.8 1706 18 26.10 0.662 1203 4 32.95 0.1472 426 1629 17 24.65 0.626 1013 5 34.39 0.184 580 1593 16 23.20 0.588 845 6 35.84 0.2208 754 1599

15 21.75 0.552 694 7 37.29 0.2576 957 1651 14 20.30 0.515 566 8 38.74 0.2944 1178 1744 13 18.85 0.478 455 9 40.19 0.3312 1408 1863 12 17.40 0.442 363 10 41.64 0.368 1706 2069 11 15.95 0.405 271 11 43.09 0.4048 2005 2276 147 # E 147 # E~B 5 F U BB(GGY250 13) (%)=(1.53 13) (0.04 5) 0.723=2.88(%) U BB(NG250 4) (%)=(1.45 4) (0.04 5) 0.719=0.834(%) U BB(NG250 5) (%)=(1.45 5) (0.04 5) 0.719 0.5=0.417(%) BF GGY250 1 6 cosφ=0.88 10 4 LJ 35 cosφ=0.8 U % =0.718 cosφ=0.9 U % =0.725 cosφ=0.88 U % =0.723 I 1 =1.53A U BF(GGY250 13) (%)=(1.53 13) (0.04 13) 0.723 0.5=3.74(%) Σ U (%)= U BF(GGY250 13) (%)+ U BB(GGY250 13) (%)+ U BE(GGY250 4) (%)+ U BE(GGY250 6) (%) =3.74(%)+2.88(%)+0.834(%)+0.417(%)=7.87(%)<10(%) [ 10 1] [ 10 2] 10 12 10 12 [ 10 1] [ 10 2] 220V 220Y LJ-35 2 LJ-35 0.04km NG250 2 0.04km NG250 30µF LJ-35 2 LJ-35 2 5 30kVA 4 20kVA 70kVA 10kV 10kV 150kVA 140 =21000 11200 80kVA 140 9800 Σ A 36491kW h 14976 kw h 21515 kw h, 3119.68 0 155 0 30µF 155 0.8 3720 =3720 /3119.68 =1.19 1 380/220V kva 150~180 10kJV kva 120~140

2 0.145 / kw h 1988 3 Σ A 4 [ 10 1] 3619 8+3920=36491 kw h [ 10 1] n=16 NG250 30µF A=2/3 16 1.45 2 0.589 4000 10-3 =845kW h Σ A=845 8+566+580=7906kW h 1146.37 10 11 5 n=16 Σ A=32872 kw h 4766.44 3620.07 3720 1 15.7% 20% 2 4% 3% 3 cosφ VLV VV 2.25A/mm 2 1.73A/mm 2 2.0A/mm 2 1.54A/mm 2 1 2 3 4 11 1 11 1

20 15 30 30 20 20 20 15 5 1 2 3 1 0.7m 100mm 2 1.5 2 0.5m 3 0.5m 0.25m 4 1.5% 5 Φ8mm 48mm 2 4mm 2m 2 2.5m 11 2 11 2 R 10Ω 100kVA R 10Ω 100kVA R 4Ω R 10Ω R 30Ω R 20Ω

cosφ [ 12 1] NG250 23 GGY250 13 kva 1 6 NG250 cosφ=0.42 1 5 sinφ=0.907 GGY250 cosφ=0.57 1 5 sinφ=0.822 2 1 cosφ=0.57 0.005 P=I 2 Z cosφ W P=IU cosφ W P W I A Z Ω Cosφ I A U V NG250W I=3A Z=60Ω osφ=0.06 P NG50 =I 2 Z cosφ=3 2 60 0.06=32.4W GGY250W I=2.15A Z=17Ω osφ=0.075 P NG50 =I 2 Zcosφ=2.15 2 71 0.075=24.61W 23 250W P NG250 23= 250+32.4 23/1000=6.49kW S NG250 23=6.49/0.42=15.46kVA Q NG250 23= S 2 P 2 = 15.46 2 6.49 2 =14.03kvar Q NG250 23=S sinφ=15.46 0.907=14.02kvar 13 250W P NG250 13= 250+24.61 13/1000=3.57kW S GG250 13=3.57/0.57=6.26kVA Q GGY250 13 = 6.26 2 3.57 2 =5.14kvar Q GGY250 13=S sinφ=6.26 0.822=5.14kvar S= P NG250 23+ P GGY250 13 2 + Q NG250 23+ Q GGY250 13 2 = 6.49+3.57 2 + 14.02+5.13 2 =21.63kVA 1 I=P L /220 A I A P L W 220 V 2

1 6 3 I L = I P +I E cosφ K I N cosφ N 2 + I E sinφ e +I N sinφ 2 I L P K N cosφ K cosφ N cosφ sinφ [ 12-2] [ 12-1] I L ={[ 3 23 0.42 + 2.15 13 0.57 ] 2 +[ 3 23 0.907 + 2.15 13 0.82 ] 2 } 1/2 =96.58A cosφ sinφ I`L=3 23+2.15 13=96.95A I L I`L 0.37A 0.383% [ 12-1] [ 12-2] [ 12-1] I L I L 3.78A 10kV 1 R8 R10 R8 10 1.3335 20 30 50 75 100 135 180 kva R10 10 10 1.2589 20 30 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 kva 2 W kw S 1 S 8 CD 1 Y yn0 12 1 A U A U a A a U AB U ab

U AB 12 U ab 12 Y yn0 2 Y zn11 12 2 12 3 0 Y zn11 Y yn0 I nr KI I nr A K K=1.5 I A P=P o +β 2 P K P(%)=P 0 +β 2 P K /P 2 +P o +β 2 P K 100(%) P kw P o kw P K kw P % P 2 kw Β β=p 2 /S N cosφ S N kva cosφ SL 1 SL 7 50kVA cosφ=0.6 P o =0.38kW P K =1.26kW P=ƒ β P % =ƒ β 12 4 P % =P 0 +β 2 P K /P 2 +P 0 +βp K 100% P % β P % β β d = P 0 /P K P % β β 2 P K =P 0 β d SL 1 0.9 100kVA 2~3 100kVA 1.5~2 GB1497-79 39 12 1 12 1 I n A h

30~400A 2min min I n 10 1.5 2.10 10<1 n 30 1.4 1.75 1 3 <2 30<1 n 60 1.3 1.60 60<1 n 400 1.3 1.60 <3 400<1 n 1000 1.3 1.60 2 8~10min 12 1 1h 12 1 30<1 n 60 60<1 n 400 1.45 5min 2 1.45 13 1 13 2 1km 2km K K=σ P /σ 13 1 K 13 3 13 1 (m) (m) 0.80 0.45/0.60 1.20 1.00 0.60 0.30 0.45m 0.60m 13 2

\ m m 40~50 40~50 60~70 40~60 13-3 3 2.5 2.5 σ p Pa 13 4 σ Pa 13 4 (MPa) LGJ-70 270 LGJ-95~400 290 7 3.5mm 150 >3.5mm 140 19 3.5mm 150 >3.5mm 140 1200 13 5 (m) (m) 7 6 5.5 5 7.5 7.5 13 6 (m) \ 1kV 1~10kV 35~110kV 2 2 3 1 2 3 13 7 (m) \ 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 30 45 6.5~7.5m 8~12