II
II
1.1 1
2 1
1.1 3 2000 1958 9 12
1 4
1.1 5
1 6
1.2 7
8 1
1.2 9 ENIAC 1946 6 000 1 2 3 EDVAC 1949 ENIAC 240
1 10
1.2 11
12 1
1.2 13 n+ 1 i = ai r i= m
14 1
1.2 15
16 1
1.2 17
18 1
1 20 111
1.3 21
1 22
1.3 23 1 10 2 3 4 5 6 9 8 7
1 24
1.3 25
1 26
27 1.3
1 28
1.3 29
1 30
1.3 31
1 32
1.4 33 1999 2000 2001 4 26
1 34
1.4 35
1 36
37 1
1 38
39 1
2.1 39 21
2 40
2.1 41 DOS Digital Research CP/M CP/M DOS DOS Microsoft DOS DOS
2 42
2.1 43 Windows 1970 Xerox Palo Alto Research Center PARC 1981 GUI Apple Computer Steve Jobs Xerox PARC GUI 1983 GUI Apple Lisa Apple GUI Apple Macintosh GUI Apple Macintosh Apple GUI Intel x86 IBM Microsoft Windows 22 Windows
2 44
2 46
47 2.2
2 48
49 2.2
2 50 26
51 2.2 ABC ABC Windows3.2 Windows 95/98/2000 /XP
2 52
53 2.2 29
2 54 1943 1962 19781983 1987 11
55 2.2
2 56
57 2.2
2 58 213
2.2 59
2.3 Windows 2000 59
2 60
2.3 Windows 2000 61
2 62
2.3 Windows 2000 63
2 64
2.3 Windows 2000 65
2 66
2.3 Windows 2000 67
2 68
2 70 228
2.4 Windows 2000 71
2 72
73 2.4 Windows 2000
2 74
2.4 Windows 2000 75
2 76
2.4 Windows 2000 77
2 78 234
2.4 Windows 2000 79
2.5 Windows 2000 79
2 80 237
2.5 Windows 2000 81
82 2
2.5 Windows 2000 83
2 84
2 86
2.6 Windows 87
2 88 249
2.6 Windows 89
2 90
2.6 Windows 91
2 92 255 /
93 2.6 Windows ACPI ACPI ACPI ACPI Windows 2000 BIOS ACPI BIOS APM BIOS PNP BIOS
2.7 Windows 2000 93
2 94
2.7 Windows 2000 95
96 2
2.7 Windows 2000 97
98 2
2.8 Windows 2000 99
2 100
2 102
103
2 104
105 2
2 106
107 2
3 108
3.1 109
3 110
3 110
3.2 111
3 112
3.2 113
3 114
3.2 115
3 116
3 118 36
3.3 119
3 120
121 3.3
3 122
123 3.3
3 124
125 3.3
3.4 125
126 3
3.4 127
128 3
3.4 129
130 3
3.4 131
132 3
3.4 133
3 134
3.4 135
136 3
3.4 137
3 138
3.4 139
140 3
141
142 3
3 143
3 144