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(CIP) :. :, 2004 ( ) ISBN 7-5045 - 4705-0... - -. TS974.2 CIP (2004) 102047 ( 1 : 100029) : * 787 1092 16 6.75 167 2004 9 1 2004 9 1 : : 11.00 : 010-64929211 : 010-64911190 : http: www. class. com. cn : 010-64911344
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( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ), ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 10 ) 1 ( 10 ) 2 ( 13 ) 3 ( 15 ) 4 ( 23 ) 5 ( 40 ) ( 66 ) ( 66 ) ( 76 ) 1 ( 76 )
( 77 ) 3 ( 80 ) 4 ( 81 ) 5 ( 83 ) 6 ( 94 ) 7 ( 97 )
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, 60,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2
,,,, ( % ) 15 15 20 20 15 15 ( % ) 1 3 1 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 8 ( ) 4
8 6 6 ( ) 5
19 : 6
19 8 14 ( ) 7
14 ( ) 6 8
10 4 ( ) 9
,,,,,,! 1, [ ] 1. (1),, (2) ; 60 ;,, (3) 20 min, 15 2. (1) :, (2) : 3. 10
1,,,,, ( 1a) ( 1b) ( 1c) a) b) c) 2,,,,, 3, 6 7 9, 2a 2b2c, 11
4 (), :, :,, : :, 50 60,,,, 5, :, 12
,, 80%,, [ ] 1. (1), (2) (3) (4) 80%, (5) 20 min, 15 2. (1) :, (2) : ( ) 3., 1,,, :,,, 13
( ),,, 15 30 min, :,, 3,, 4 1 1,,,,,,, 5, 2d : 6 1, 30 mm,, 2 3 4, 2 cm,,,,,,,,,, 14
,, (, ),, 7, 10 15 min;,,,, ;,, 8,,,,, 9 :, 3, 15
1 ] 3 3 ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3), 3 cm (4) : 20 min, 15 min20 :, 2. (1) :,, (2) : 3., 1,,,, (),,,, 16
,,, 3 : 4 4,, 5 : ( ), 1 cm,, 3c, ( ) ( ), ( ),,,, 3b 3c, 3b 3c, 90,, 3b,,,,, :, ;, ;, 6 : 17
:,,,,, 3,, [ 2] 4, 4 ( ),,, 90,,, [ 3 ] 5, 18
( ), 90,,,,,,, [ 4] 6, 6 ( ),, 90, 19
,,, [ 5] 7, 7 ( ),, 70 ;, 90,, [ 6] 8 8 ( ), 20
( ),,, [ 7] 9, 9 ( ),, 90, 90,, [ 8] 10 10 ( ) 21
,,, 60,, 90, 1 cm, [ 9] 11, 11 ( ), 90,, [ 10] 12 12 ( ) 22
,,,, ;,,, 60,,,,,,, 4, ;, [ 1 ] 13 13 1. (1) (2) (3) 3 cm (4) : 20 min, 15 min20 :, 23
(1) :, (220 V ) (2) : ( ) 3., ( ) 1,,, (), 2,,, 6, 1 2 3,, 5 6,,, 3,,,, 90, 90 120 : 4,, ( 90 120 ),, ( 24
), V,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,, 90 ( 150 ),,,,, 6,,, ( 90 ),, :, 7,, 13b13c :, 8,, :, 9,, 25
: [ 2] 14, 14 ( ),,, 3 cm 30, 0 30, 14b14c,,,, ( 14c),, 0 30, (, ),,,, 14a [ 3] 15,,, :, 1, 4 26
( ),,,, 3 cm 0, 0 20,,,,, ( ) 45,, V,, [ 4] 16, 16 ( ), 2 cm, 2 cm, 60,, 27
60 90,,,,, 90,, 60, [ 5] 17, 17 ( ),, 45,,, 45,,,, 45, 45,,,, 17b,,, [ 6] 18, 28
( ),, 45 3 cm 45 90 45 [ 7] 19, 19 ( ),, 45, V (,, ), 3 cm 45 45 29
,,, [ 8] 20, 20 ( ), 45, 3 cm 45, 30 cm [ 9] 21, 30 21 ( )
3 cm, 45, 21b, 60, 60, 20 cm,, 45, [ 10] 22, 22 ( ), 45, 3 cm 45 60 45,,,,,, [ 11] 23,, 60 80 31
( ),, 45 60, 45,,,,,, [ 12] 24, 24 ( ), 90, V,,, 90 24c,, 90,, 32,
,,, [ 13] 25, 25 ( ), 90, V,,, ( ),, 90,, 90,,,, 90,,,, [ 14] 26,, 3 cm,, 90,,, 60 26c, 33
( ),,,,, [ 15] 27, 27 ( ), ( 1 cm), 60,,, 90,, 90, 60, 34 [ 16] 28
, 28, 90 (120 ), 3 cm, 60, 28c, 60, [ 17] 29, 29 ( ), ( ), 35
,,, 90,, 90 90,, [ 18] 30, 30 ( ), 90 30c,,,,, [ 19] 31, 31 ( ) 36
, 90, 60,,, 90,, 90,,,,, [ 20] 32, 32 ( ),, 3 cm 90, 90,, 90,, 90,, [ 21] 33,, 60, 2 cm, ;,, 90, 37
, 33c,,,, 30,,,, [ 22] 34, 34 ( ),,,, 45, 34c,,, 38 45,,
[ 23] 35, 35 ( ),, 45,, 45,,, 35c,,,, 0, 1 cm, [ 24] 36, 36 ( ) 39
V (,,, 45, 1 2 cm,, ),,, 45, 0 30,,, 36c,,, 5,, [ 1 ] 37 37 ( ) 1. (1), (2), ;,, ; 40
, (3) 30 min, 15 2. (1) :, (2) : 3., ( ), 1,,,,,,, () 2 ( ), : 3,, ( ),,, ;,,, 41
,,,,,,,! 3, 1,, ;,,,, 1. (1), (2) (3) (220 V ) ; (4) 1 6 66
(1) : 50 60 50 60 1 (2) : (3) 1) : 2) : 3) : 4) : (4) 1) : 2) : 3) : 4) : (5) 1) : 2) : 3) : (6) 1) : 2) : 3) : 3. 1. (1) (2) (3) 67
(5) 70 ( 20, 20, 15, 15 ), 30 ( 15, 15 ), 100 2. (1) 1) 2),, 3) 50 (2) 1) 2) (3) ( ) 1) 2) 3), 3 cm (4) ( ) 1) 2) 3), 3 cm 68
(5) ( ) 1) 2) (6) ( ) 1) 2), 3) 30% 69
(1) 1 (2 ) 2 (1), (2) (1 ), 3 ( 2 ), (3) 50 (1),, 4 (2), 2 3 8 2 ( 1 ), 1 (2), 0.5, (1),, 2 (2), 1 ( 1 ), 3 ( 2 ), 3 (3) 50, 2 ( 1 ),, 1 (2),, 1 5 20 min 15 1 min 1, 30% (6 min), : (2) (1), 0.5 (1) (2), (2) 0.5 1 2 (3), (3) (4) 0.5 ( 4 ),, 0.5 70
(1) (1) (2) (3) 6, 2 (2), 2 ( 3 ), 2 ( 1 ) 3 80% (2) 6 (1), 3 (2), 3 4, 5 20 min 1, 1 1 min 1, 30% (6 min), 15 :, : (3) (1) (2), 1 (3 ), 3 (1), 0.5, (2), 1 (3), 1 2 (1) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 7 (1), 2 ( 2 ), 2 (3),, 1,, 2 71
(1),, (2 ),,, (3), ( 4 ),, ( 1 ) 4 (2 ), (3) : 20 min, 5 15 min 7 3 (1),,, 2 (2),,, 2 (3), 2 ( 4 ),,, 1 (1), 1 (2), 1 (3), 1 1 min 1, 30 % ( 10.5 min ), 20 :, : (4) (1) (2), 1 (3 ), 3 ( 1 ), 0.5, (2), 1 (3), 1 72
(1) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (1),, (2 ), 3,, (3), ( 4 ),, 7 7 (1), 2 ( 2 ), 2 (3),, 1,, 2 (1),,, 2 (2),,, 2 (3), 2 ( 4 ),,, 1 ( 1 ) 4 (2 ), (3) 3 5 : 20 min, 15 min 20 (1), 1 (2), 1 (3), 1 1 min 1, 30 % ( 10.5 min ), :, : (5) 0.5, 1 2, 0.5, 73
(1) (2) (3) (1 ) 3 (2) (3 ), 3 5 (1), 1 (2), 1 (3), 30 %, 1 (1), 2 (2), 2 (3), 1 (1) 4 ( 2 ) 5 30 min 5 (1), 2 (2), 3 2 min 0.5, 40% ( 12 min ), 15 : 10 cm, : (6) 1 0.5, 1, 0.5, (1) 2 (2 ) (3) (1 ) 3 (2 ),, 6 4 (1), 2 (2), 2 (3) 2 (1), 2 ( 2 ) 30 %, 2 74
(1) (2) 4 (1), 2 (2), 2 5 30 min 2 min 0.5, 40% ( 12 min ), 15 : 10 cm, : 75
,,,,,,, 1 1. (1), (2) (3),, 2. (1),,,,, (2),,,, (3),,,,, 76
1. (1),,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1), :,,,, ; :,,, (2) :, 100, 15 min;, 0.25% 0.5% 15 min, : 75%, 77
3% 15 min,,,,,,, 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 6, 4 5 (5),,,,,, (6), 4. (1) (2) (3) 5. (1),, (2),,,, (3) 78
,,,, 6. (1) ( ),, (2) :,, (3) () : 7. (1) :,,, :,, ;,,, :, ; (2),,,,,,,,,,, 8. (1), (2) ( ) () 79
(1),,,, (2),,,,,, 3 1. (1), (2),,,,,, (3) :,, :,,,, :, :,,, :,, :, (4), (5) 80
(1),, CIQ,,,,,,,, (2) : ;,, ; ; ; ; :,,, :,, ;, (3),,,,,, 4 1. (1), (2) (3),,,,, 81
( ),, (4), (5), (6),, ph = 4.5 5.5 ; ph 6.5;, ;, ; ; ; (7), ( ), ;,,, (8) (9),,, (10),,, (11), ph 4 5,,,, (12),, (13), ;,, ;,,, ph,,, : ; ; ; ; 82
, (15), (16), (17) 2. (1) : :,,,,, (2) ( ),,,, 2 5,,, (3),,,, 3 5 1. (1), (2),,,,, : (3) 83
,, (4),,,, (5),,, (6), ; (7), : (8),,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, (9),, ;, (10),,,, (11), ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ) (12) ( ),,, (13),, 84
( ) :,,, ( ),,, (15),,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (16),,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, (17) :,,, :,, :,, (18),,,, (19),,, 85
75 60,,,,,,, (20),,,,,,,,,,,, (21),,,,,,,,,, (22),,,,,,, (23),,,,,,,, (24),,,,,,,,,, (25),,,,,, 86
,,,,,, (27),,,,,, (28) ( ),,,, ( ), ( ), (29),,, ( ),, 5 mm ( ),,, (30), ( ),,,, (31),, 90, 90, (1 30 ) (30 60 ) ( 60 90 ) (32), 100 200 mm,, (33) :, 87
, (34),,,, (35) (),, 75%,,, (36) (37),, 1 000 W 1 200 W 1 500 W,,,,, (38),,, 2. (1),,,, (2),,,, (3),, (4), :,,,, (5),,,,,, (6),, 88
(7) :,,, (8), ph 9,,, ph 7 8,,, (9),, ph 6, ph, (10) N : D : R : (11),, (12),,,, (13),,, ;,,, (14),,, (15),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (16),,, B 5, 89
,, 3. (1),, ; ; (2),,, (3),, (4), (5),, (6),,,,,, (7),,,,, (8),, (9),, (10), ; (11) 90
,, (12) : ;, (13),,,, (14),, ;, (15) (16),,, (17),, (18) (19),,, (20),,,, (21),,,,,,,,,,,, (22) (23) (24) 91
( ),,,, (25) (26) (27),,,,,,,,,, S,,,,,,,,,, (28),,,, :,,,,,,, (29),, :,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (30) 92
,,,,,,, (31), (32) 4. ( ) (1) ( ) ( ) ( ), (2) ( ),,,, (3), (, ), ( ),,,, ( ), 180,,,, (4) ( ) 5,,,,,,,,, 93
1., ( ), 2.,,, 3. ( ),, 4. :,, ( ), ( ),,, 5.,, :,,, ;, :,, 6.,,, 25,,, 7.,, 20 45, 8., 94
,,,,,,, 10. 2 4,,, 11.,,,,,,, 12., 13. (1),, (2) (3) (4) (5), (6) (7), 14. :,,, 15. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) (6) 95
, (8), 16.,,,,,,,,,,, 17. (1), ( ), (, ),,, (2),,,, 18. (1),,,, ;,,, ;, (2),,,,,, (3),,,, 19. (1),,, (2) 96
, 20., ;,, ;,,,,,, 7 1., 2.,,,, 3.,, 4. ( ) + = + = + = 5.,, (X ) 10, 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 97
(1), : 0 1 2 3, 1.0 2.0 3.0, 1 0 2 0 3 0, (2),, 304 66 6.3 304 30, 4, 66, 6, 3, 7. (1),, ; (2), 8. (1) 1 2, 3%, (2) 1 1,,, 9.,, 1 1.6, 4,, 30 mm,, 20 mm,,,,, 98
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