GON GYI ZHIZUO ( ) 105 100037 68418523 ( ) 68982468 ( ) www.cnup.cnu.cn E-mail cnup @ mail.cnu.edu.cn 2006 6 1 2006 6 1 787mm 1 092mm 1/ 16 ISBN 7-81064-573-0 /G64 5 110 3. 10
,, :,,, ;,,,,,,,, 2 1 4 1,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,
2,,, 1995 3
995,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2006 4
( 1) ( 1) ( 3) ( 4) ( 6) ( 6) ( 7) ( 9) (11) (11) (23) (33) (37) (37) (39) (41) ( ) (43) (47) (48) (49) (49) (51) (51) (53) (55) (55) ( ) (56) (57) (58) (58)
2 (60) (62) (64) ( ) (64) (65) (66)
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1. 2. (1 ), ( 1-1 ), (2 ) (3 ), 2,,, (4 ), (5 ), 20 1,,,, (6 ) 1,,
2 ( 1-2 ) 1-1 1-2 ( 1-3 ) 1-3 ( 1) 1-3 ( 2)
3,,,,,,,, 1. 2. (1 ), ( 1-4 ) 1-4 ( 1) 1-4 ( 2) (2 ) ( 1-5 ),,
4 3 ),, ( 1-5 ) 3. ( 1-6 ) 1-5 1-6 1. 2. (1 ) ( 1-7 ) (2 ) (3 ) ( 1-8 ) (4 ),, (5 ),,
5 6 ), (7 ), ( ) 1-7 1-8
,,, 1. 2. (1 ) ( 2-1 ) 2-1 (2 ), (3 ) ( 2-2 )
7 3. ( 2-3 ) 2-2 2-3 1. 2. (1 ) ( 2-4 ), (2 ) (3 ), (4 ),,, (5 ), 3. ( 2-5 ) (2-6) ( 2-7 )
8-4 2-5 2-6
9-7 1. 2. (1 ), 16 1 (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ) ( 2-8 ),,,,
10-8
,,,,,, : : : 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,, 4., ( ) 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 3-1 ), ; ; ;, ; (2 ) (3 ) : ( 3-2 ),,,,
12-1
13,, 3-2 ( ) (1 ) ( 3-3 ) (2 ) ( 3-4 ) ( ) 1. : ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 3-5 ) : ;,
14-3 3-4,,,, 13 ; ; ; ; ( ),,,, 14 ; 15 ;
15 ; 1 ; 12 (2 ) : 13 12, 12 1, 1 10 (3 ) :,,,,,, 15 14, 14,, 4, ( ) : ( 3-6 ) 3-5 3-6 ( ) 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 3-7 ) : ;
16-7 ; ; 12, 13 14 15 ; 16 ; 17 (2 ) :,,,,, (3 ),,
17-8 ( ) 1. : ( ) 30cm 30cm ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 3-8 ) :, ; 13, ; 12 ; ; ( ) 15 16 ; 14 (2 ) : 13,,,,,, (3 ) : a. :,,,,, b. :,,, c. :,,,
18,,, (3-9) 3-9 ( ) 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 3-10) :,, (2 ) : (3 ) :,,,, 3-10 ( ) (1 ) ( 3-11) (2 ) ( 3-12)
19-10 1. : ( 40cm 40cm ) ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : 5cm
20-11 3-12 ( 3-13) 5cm ( 3-13) BC DE FG HI JK LA AB CD E F G H IJ KL
21 3-14 ) 3-13 3-14 3-15
22 2 ) :, (3 ) : ( 3-15), (3-16 ),, 3-16 (4 ) : ( 3-17), 3-17
23 ( ) 1. : ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : ( 3-18), 21 3-18
24 2 ) : 15 0. 5cm 16 21 0. 5cm (3 ) : 15 ( 3-19 ), (3-20 ) (?) (4 ) : 16 21,,, (5 ) :,, :,, 14 15, 12 15, 13 14 15 ; 12, 1 14, 1 3-19 3-20,
25 ) 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : ( 3-21), 16 3-21 (2 ) : 13 16, (3 ) : 0. 8cm 1 16 0. 5cm 0. 8cm, (3-22 ) (4 ) :,,,, (5 ) : 1 12 13 16, 1 12,
26-22 (6 ) :,, ( 3-21),,,, (7 ) : ( 3-21) (8 ) :,,,?, ( ) : ( 3-23)
27 ) 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) 2. : 3. : ( 3-24) (1 ) : (2 ) : 0. 8cm 0. 8cm (3 ) :,,,,, : ;,, 3-23 3-24 (4 ) :, :,,,,
28 5 ) :, (6 ) :, ( 3-25) (7 ) : ( 3-25) (8 ),,,,, (9 ), ( ) (1 ) ( 3-26) 3-25 3-26 (2 ) ( 3-27)
29 3-27 (3 ) ( 3-28) 3-28
30 ) 1. : ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : ( 3-29) (1 ) : (2 ) :,,,,, (3 ) : (, ),, 0. 8cm (4 ) :, (5 ) : (6 ) :,, ( 3-30 ),, 3-29 3-30 (7 ) :,, (8 ), (9 ), 2. : (1 ) ( 3-31)
31 2 ) ( 3-32) (3 ) ( 3-33) 3-31 3-32,, ( ),,, 1. : ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : ( 3-34 ) 17. 5cm 14cm, (2 ) ( 3-34), 0. 3cm, 0. 3cm (3 ), (4 ) ( 17. 5 + 1) cm ( 14 + 1 ) cm ( )
32-33 (, ) (5 ),, 4. 5cm 8cm, (6 ) (7 )
33 8 ) : 16. 5cm 12. 5cm 16. 5cm 16. 5cm ( ),, (9 ) : 19. 5cm, 4. 5cm ( 3-35 ), 1 2, 3-34 3-35 1. : ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : ( 3-36 ),,, (2 ) :, (3 ) :, ( 3-37) 0. 8cm (4 ) : :,,, ( A B ),
34-36 3-37
35 5 ), :,, 1. : ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : ( 3-38) 3-38 (1 ) :, (2 ) : 0. 8cm ( ) 0. 3cm, ( ) 0. 8cm ( ) A 0. 3cm, A 1. 5cm ( ) 1. 5cm ( ) 0. 3cm ( ) (3 ) : :, (4 ) :
36 A B A B, C (5 ) : D,, (6 ) :, E D F,,
,,,,,,,,,,, ( 4-1 ) ( ) ( 4-2 ) ( 4-3 ) ( 4-4 ) ( 4-5 ) ( 4-6 ) ( ) 1. : 2. : 3. : ( 4-7 ) (1 ) 38cm 38cm,, (2 ) ( 4-7 ) (3 ) (4 ), (5 ) (6 )
38 7 ), : ( ) ( 4-8 ) 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7
39-8 1. : ( 40cm 27cm ) ( 12cm 12cm ) ( ) (11cm 11cm) ( 8cm 3cm) ( 11cm) ( 70cm) 2. : 3. : (1 ) : A ( 4-9),, ( 4-10 ), ( 4-9 ), B (4-9), C D 4cm, (2 ) : A 12cm 12cm 12cm ( ) B, C 5cm, 3cm 4. 5cm, (3 ) :, ( 4-9 ), ( 4-11)
40-9 4-10 4-11
41,,,,, 1. :,,,,,, 2. : 3. : ( 4-12) (1 ) :,, 4 (2 ) : 0. 5cm, : 0. 5cm, : 0. 5cm, (3 ),,,,, (4 ) (5 ) (6 ), ;, (7 ) 4-12 (8 ) (9 ),
42 10),,, ( 4-13) ( 4-14) ( 4-15) 4-13 4-14 4-15
43 ( ),,, ( ) 1. : ( ) 2. : 3. : ( 4-16) 4-16 (1 ) (2 ) :, 4,,, (3 ) : A A B B, (4 ) :, C C C C (5 ) : ( 4-17), (6 ) :
44 (7 ), ( 8 ) : (9 ) (10) (11), E E (12) E E (13) (14) E F 1. ( ) ( 4-18) -17 4-18
45. ( 33cm,, : ) ( 4-19 4-20 ) 4-19 4-20 3. ( 4-21) 4-21
46. ( 4-22) 4-22
,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ), 1. :,,, : ( ), ( ) 2. :,,,,,,,, ( 5-1 ) 5-1 ( 1) 5-1 (2 )
48. :,,,,,,, 60,, ( 5-2 ),,, 5-2, T,, 1. (1 ) 3 3, 70, 3 3, 50, 3 2, 50 (2 ) 40 ( ) (3 ) 50, 150 4 10 2 2. (1 ), 70, 3 3, 50,, ABCDE F BC BD, EF,
49 50 (2 ),, 1, (3 ),, 15,, 1., 2. (1 ) 2 3 50, 10, 70, (2 ),, (3 ),, 15 (5-3) 5-3,,,,, ;,
50.,,, 2. (1 ),,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ) (5-4) 5-4
,,,, 1. (1 ) :,,, (2 ) : ( ),, 2. 10 10,, 10 12, 1. 5,,,, (6-1) 6-1
52. (1 ) : (2 ) :,,, ( 6-2 ) ( 6-3) 6-2
53-3 1. : 2. : (1 ) ( 1. 5cm 30cm), ( 6-4 ) 6-4 (2 ), (6-5 ),, 6-5
54 3 ), ( 6-6 ),, 6-6 (4 ),,,,, ( ) (5 ) :,,, ( 6-7 ) 6-7 1. ( ) 2. : (1 ) ( 6-8 ), ( 6-9 ),,, 6-8 6-9 (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),
,,, : 1.,, 2. (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ), (4 ), ( 7-1 ) (5 ), 7-1
56 ( ) 1., 2. (1 ), ( 7-2 ) (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) 7-2,,,, : ( 7-3 ) 7-3
57 1., 2. (1 ), ( 7-4 ) (2 ) ( 7-4 ), (3 ) ( 7-4 ), 0. 2 (4 ),, 7-4
58 : ( 7-5 ) 7-5
, :, 1. 2. (1 ) : ( 8-1 ) ( 8-2 ) ( 8-3 ), ( 8-4 ) 8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4
60 1. ( ) 2.,, (8-5 8-6 8-7) 8-5 8-6 8-7 1. 2. (1 ) :,, ( 8-8 8-9 ) 8-8 8-9
61 2) :, (8-10) 8-10 1. : 2. : (1 ) : ( 1cm 1. 5cm ) 10cm 15cm, ( 8-11) ( 8-12) ( 8-13), ( 8-14) 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14
62 2 ) : ( 4cm ) 35cm, 5cm, ( 8-15 ),, ( 8-16), 8-15 8-16 1. 2. (1 ) 1cm 30cm,, ( 8-17) (2 ), ( 8-18) (3 ), ( 8-19) 8-17 8-18 8-19
63 (4 ),,, ( 8-20 ) -20
( ) 1. 24 6cm, 30 2. (1 ) 24 (9-1) (2 ) 24 (9-2) (3 ) ( 9-3 ) (4 ) ( 9-4 ) (5 ) ( 9-5 ) (6 ),, 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5
65 1. 4 2,, 2 2. 3. (1 ) ( 9-6 ) 9-6 1 1,,, 1 2 3 4, ( 9-7 ) (2) :,,, (9-8 ) A B ( ) C ( ) C D E, F E 9-7, (3 ) :,,, ( 9-9 )
66-8 9-9 1. : ( ) ( ) 2. : 3. : (1 ) ( 9-10) (2 ) ( 9-11) 9-10 9-11 (3 ) ( 9-12), (4 ) ( 9-13) 9-12 (5 ) ( 9-14) 9-13
67-14 9-15 (6 ) ( 9-15) : 9 (7 ) ( 9-16) 20 9-16 (8 ) ( 9-17) (9 ) ( 9-18) 9-17 9-18 (10) (9-19 ) (11) (9-20 ) 9-19
68-20 9-21 (12) (9-21 ), (13) (9-22 ) : ( 18 ) (14) (9-23 ) 9-22 (15) (9-24 ) (16) (9-25 ) 9-23 9-24 9-25 (17) (9-26 ) (18) (9-27 ),
69-26 9-27 (19) (9-28 ) (20) (9-29 ), 10 9-28 (21) (9-30 ) (22) (9-31 ) 9-29 9-30 (23) (9-32 ) (24) (9-33 ) 9-31
70-32 9-33 (25) (9-34 ) (26) (9-35 ) 9-34 (27) (9-36 ) (28) (9-37 ) 9-35 9-36 9-37 (29) (9-38 ), (30) (9-39 )
71-38 9-39 (31) (9-40 ) (32) (9-41 ) 9-40 (33) (9-42 ) (34) (9-43 ) 9-41 9-42 9-43