(CIP) /. :, 2002 ISBN 7-5317-1587-2.... I25 CIP (2002 ) 103164 Hunqiu Qiche Zhi Zhn / / / / / 105 / ht tp :/ / www.bfwy.com / 150020 / bfwy@bfwy.com / / / 8501168 1/ 32 / 12.375 / 6 / 300 / 2003 5 1 / 2003 5 1 / 22.00 / ISBN 7-5317-1587-2/ I1504
1,,, 10 16 33 36 40 44 T, 25,,, 1908, 20,, 1
36 1914 1925, T, 93 10, 19 1500 T,,, 49,,,,,,, 64,,,,, T 79,,,, 2
91 20, T,,, 109, 1935, 1938,, 124,,,,, 138,,, 3
, 154,,,,,, 171,,, 188,,,,,, 215 4,
,, 223 20 20 1960,,,,, 234 1958,,,, T 1962, 100 244 20,,, ;,, 5
267 1957,,, 1966, 70,,, 282,,,,, 294,,,,,, 6
302,,,, : :,? 313 21,,, 332,,,, W TO,, W TO : 346,,, 7
W TO,,, 371 8
,, 1883 8 15,,,!, :!!,,,!,,,,,, 1
,,,,,, :,!,,,, 10, 22,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,, 2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,, 3
! 80,,, 3,, 795,, 18,!,, 1886 1 26, 42,, 0.8,, 14,,,,,,,,,, 1994, 1, 1888 8 1,,, 4
,, ( ), 1896,,, 1898 1900, 3,, 36,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1909, 1916,,, 1902,,, 5
,,,, 50,,,,, 1918,,,,,,, 1926 6 29,, 10, 260,,, 540K 1938 230 8,, 6
, 1939, 76,17,,,,, 1953,,,,,,,,, 136,,, 1973, 450EL6.9,,,, 70, 1/ 9,,,,,,,,, 2677 7
00,,,?,,,, 600,,, 18.5 60,,,, 100, 1.5, 10, 4,, 110, 3850AS 368, 220 6, 23, W201W124 R129 W126 W126 560SEC R129 500SL,, 20,, 8
,,, 13, :,,!,, 9
6 33 36 40 44 T,, 10,,,,,,,, 10
! :,,,,,,, 7,, :,,,, 7,, 8,,,,,,, 1863 7 30, :,!,,,,,,,,, 11
10,,, 4,1879, 16,,, 1.1 6,,,,,, 6, 60,, 6,, 3,,, 50,,,,,,,,,, 1887, 24 8,,, 40, 12
,, 1888, 11, 1892,,,,, 7 7, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1894 1896, 13
,,,,,,,,,,,, 33,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 14 1899,,
,,,,,,,? 1899 8 5, 15,,,, 4, 10,,,,,,, 1900 1901,,,,,, 1902,,,,,, 15
,,,, 1902,,, 999 999,, 1902 10,999,, 3,,,, 25%,,, ;,, 3000 1903,, 1,,,, 16
,,,,,,,,, 1904 1,,, 850 A,,,,, 15 1700, 10, 1905,, 2.5,,,,,,, 1906,,, 17.5, 17
,, 9, 25.5% 58.5%,,,,,, 5000, 1906 1907,,, 125 1907 12, 3000 3.6 T 1908,,, :,,,,, 18 1908,,
,,,,,,,,, T T,,,,,, T,, T, 850,,,,,,,,, T 1912, T, T,, T, 1.1 1916 19
0 T, 350, A, 1913,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,, 1979 300, 221, 30,,, 20 T, 1908 1909,
1908,,,,,, 300,,, 1909, 800,, 800,,,,, 46,, 1909 1911,,, 1895,, 21
,,,,,,,,,,, 1%, T, 90% 1908,, T, : 549160 1895,,,,, :!,,,!,,,, 22
,, 59, :,,, 1911, T,,,,,,, 1.8,,,,,, 20,, 20 20,,,,, T,,,, :T,, 1908 23
,,, :,, 20,,,, 19,, 20,,,,,,,, 24
,, 1908, 20,, 1881,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 25
861,, 50,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100,,, 10,, 26
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 120,, 1500,,,, 200 1886, 25, 10, 1900,,,,, 27
, :,,!,, :,!, 1904, 135, 8,,,,,,,,,,,, 1855, 8,,, 1901, L,,,,, 300,, 95 %,,, 28
20,, 1903 9 12 :,, 4000, 1900 3,,, 1904, :,,?, :,,,, :,,,,,,, :! 1904 11 1, 29
50, 32.5,, B, 1180,,,, 4000,,,, 1929,, 1800, 2.2 1904 29, 1905, 22 C 1250, 725, 1906 1400,, :,!,,,! 1908, 8487,, 6181 30 1908 2
,,,,,,,,, :,, :, :, 20,, :,,,, 20,,,,,? :,,, R E0,, RE0,, 31
E Ran soneolds,,,,,,,,,,,, T,,,,, 180,,,, 1904 5000, 1908, 1000,,, 1904 4000, 1907 2700, 32,
( 150 ) 2/ 3,, 1/ 3,,,,,,,,, 1908 7 31, :, Lnterna tional Motols, 1400, 1100, 2500,,,,,,?,,,, 33
1908,,,, 20 : 4, 15,3, 10, 1,,,,,, 1908 2900 1910 4940,, 1910,,,,,,, 1910 9, 1500, 11 34
,,,,, 1915 10 1,, 5,,,,,,, T,,,,!,,,,,,,, 35
914 1925, T, 93 10, 19 1500 T,,, T,,,, 1908 T, 5,,,,,,,, 36
,, 1908,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :, 12 1, 2,,,,,,,, 1 37
,,,,,,!,,, 27 : 865, 75, 4,,? :, 75 %,,,,,,?, :!,! 38
,,,, 1910,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,, 1910,,,,,,, 1913,, 39
0,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1913,, T, 12 28,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, 1913 8,, 40
T,, 250,,6,,,,,,,, 1913,,,,,,,,,,,, 1914 1 14, 3, : 93,!,,, T, 1908 850 1909 950 ( 13840 ) 1910 780 ( 22727 ) 1911 690 ( 53488 ) 1912 600 ( 82388 ) 41
913 550 ( 189088 ) 1914 490 ( 230788 ) 1915 440 ( 394788 ) 1916 360 ( 585388 ) T 1908, 1927, 19, 1500, :? :,,,,, 22, 47, T 260,, 1925 10 30, 9109 T, 10,,,,, 1913,,,,, 42
,,,,,,, 1913,,,,,,,,, :,,,,!,,,,,,,, 2.34,,,,,,,, 1913, 43
8%, 1913, 100, 963,,,, 50 100,,, 1913,,, 300, 1913, 5, 1914 1 5 :, 5,,,,,,,, 9 8,,,,, :,, 44
, :, 5 8,,!, 4000 5, 1,, :5! 5!,, :!,, 1 12, 15000,,,,,, 1 17 5, 2000,,,,,,,,,,, 3000,, 45
,,,,, 5,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 46 1914 3000, 1915
400, 1916 6000, : ; ;,,,,, ;, 5, 5 8,, 5 :8 5, 5 8 5, :, :, 8 5, :,,,,,,,, 5 47
!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 48
,,,,,, 1910,,,,,,,,,,, F 50 49
,,,,,,,, :,?,, :!, 20,,,, :,,,,,, 1910 9,,,,,,,,,,,,, 25,,, 50
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,, 15, : 51
200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,, :,, 52 :,
,,,,, : 450, 200 GM (),,,,?, :, 50,,,,, :,,!, :,!,,,,, :,, 53
, :,,,,,,,,,!,,,,, 1910,,, 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 54
,,,,,,,, 1910 9, 1500,, (, 1909 9, 1910 10 1 ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,, :,,,,, 55
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1500 10 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,, 1910,,,,, 5, 1916 4, 50% 56, 1916 6
, 50%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1916 10 13,,,,, 1917 8 1,,,,, 57
,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1920,7,,,,,,, 58
,,,, 19, 19,, 20,,,,,, 1916, 1350,, 1921, 1918, 1918, :, 59
, :,,,,,, 1919,,,,, 45 14 :,,! :!!, 1920 9,,,,, 1920 1921 60 1920 10,
920, 16000, 8000, 1200,,,,, 11 12 12 12432, 6 1921 1, 6150,,,,,,, 8490 1920 1922, 1 1920, 6727, 6000, 1920 10 8278,,,,,,,,, 61
,,? 1920 1921,,,, 1921, 34 10, 10,, 1530, 35000 1920 1921,, 1921, 55.45%, 11.79%,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,, ;, 62
,,,,!, 63
,,,, T 1914,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 64
914,,, ( ),,, 1915 10 14,, 1915,,,,,,,,, :, T,,,!,,,,,,, :,,, 65
!,,,,,!,,, T, T,,,, :,,,!,!, :,,!,, :!,,, :!,,!! 66, :,,,
T T,,,, T,, T,,,,,,, A U TOCRATIC,,,, 10%,,,,,,,, 1912 : 67
912,,,,,,,,,, 1913,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 58.5% 1916,, :,!, :,, 120,,,, :,,,, 68
: :, :,,,,,,,,,,, 3000 6000,,, 1915 11,,,,,,, 1916, 1915, 2500,,? 69
, 17,, 2.5 1919 2,,, 1900,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, T 1919 3 4,,, T 250,,,,,,, 70
,,,,,,,, :,! 1919 1 2,, 5 6,,,, 6 1914 5 1918,, 5 5, 108%, 6 5,6,,,, 6, 7500,, 7500, 71
921 4, 4,, 5000, T, 9.3 1921 1,, T,, T,,, 1921,,, 100,,, 1921 1914 1915, 1921,, 1921,, 1921,,, 1921,, 100%,, 1921 20% 25% 72,20,
1921 1922, 2,,, 1922,,,,, 1909,, 8,,,, 1921,,, :,,,, :,,,,,! 73
,,,,,,,, 500,, 800, 1922 1 4, 800,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,, 74,,
,,,, :, 800, 5,,,,,,,,20,,,,,, 1922, 6 10,,,,,,, :,,,, 75
14 1935, 10,,,,, 1929 1937 1600, 88 1932 T,,, 8 5 6,,, 1926, 5,,,,,,,,, 10.80 7, : 6,6,, 3.20, 78 76,,
: 5, 6,, 1926 11, 5 6,,,, A, 1926,,,,, 40 48,,,, :,, : 5, 1921,,,,, T, 18,, T,,, T T,, 77
T,, 1926, T,,,,,,?, 78
,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 79
1875 5 23,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :! : :,! :,! 1893, 1897,,,,,,,,,,,, 1916 1350, 1918, 1920 1921,, 80
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1923, 48, 1924,,, 1921 1924,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 81
,, ;,,,,,,, 1920 9,, 12 30,, 1 3,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, 82
,,,,,, 1921,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1924,,, 12,,,,, 83
50,,,, 1923 12%, 1956 53%, 1977 56% 1928, 1977,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 84,
,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,, 1969, 500, 76%,,,, 85
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 86
, :,,,,,,,, 20 20, 1925, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 87
, T, T,, :,,,,,,,,, 1956 :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,, 88
, 20,,, 1978, 632.21, 83.9,,, 305.98, 46 948.2, 56%, :20,,,,,, 20,,,,,?,,,,, 20,,,,,,,, 89
2,,, 1924,,, 40,,,,,, T,,,,? 90
0, T,,, T, :,,,, 20 20,, 20 91
0,, 20, 5, T 1926, T,, T T, 20,,,, T,,,,,,,,,,,, T,,, T, T,,,, 92 20, T
T, 1926, T 290,,, 55 T,, 25%,,, T, T,,,, T 1926, 2500,,, 20,,, 10 15, 1926, T 20 T,,, :,?:, T,, 93
,,,,,,,,, T,,, T,,,,,,, T,,,, T, T, T, T, T,,,,,, 1922,,,,, :,,! 94
T, 63,, 1926 7, :,,,!, 1500 T,, T 1926,, T, 20,, 77 10,, T 1500, 18, 16,,,, T,,,, T, 95
T,,,,,,,,,,,,, T,,,, T,, T, T,, T,, T :,,, 60, 3,,,,,,, 96, T
,, T A,,,, T,, 1927 5,, : ; T,, 1927 1928,,, T,, 1.5, 2.5, 500,,,,,,,,,,,,, 97
, 8,,,,,,, A,,,,, A 12 16, 1,,,,,, T, 6 1927 9, : 50, 1927 98
,,,,1927 45 %,, :, ( ) A 1928,, :, A,, 6,,,,,,,,, 1927 5,, A :,,, A 1929 1, A,, 99
, A, 2.5 A 5, 200, A, A A, T A,,, A 6, 50, A A, A A 4, 17, :, A, A,, A,,,,, A, 100
, A, :,, A A, 5, 1929 A,,,,,, 1931 30,,,,,,,,,, :,?, :, A :?, :, :,,,,? 101
,!,,1932, 1929 1932, 4, 1932, A,, V - 8 5 T, 69, :,,,, A,,,,,, 1000, 1000 1932, A, 1932 12, 102
A V - 8,, 1933,,,, 525, 25 70%,,,,,,,, :,,,, 20 30,,,,,,,, 20 103
V 8,,,,, 1933, 70%,1/ 3, 4, 21.1, 4000 1928 T, 3, 3 400 1929 1 2, 3 18, 8000 3, 1929 11 22,,, 7,, 1933 2 24, : 104
, 1933, V - 8, 4, 14, 10, 56,, 2, 2, 1932,,,,, 1932 3 7,,,, :!,,!, 40,,,,,, 105
, 40,,,,,,,, 4, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1933, 70,,,, 106
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 107
, (), ( ), 20, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,, 108
1935,, 1938, 1932 4,, 60,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 109
:,!,,,, :?, :!,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,, 1929,,, 110
,,,,,, 1932 4,,,,,,,, 100 :,,,, 1933 9,,,,, 111
,, :,,,, :, T T,,,,,,,,? :,,, :,,,,,,,, 112
1907,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1933 10,, 11,,,,, 1934 1,,,,, 113
, 7,, 1936 11,,,,, 1934 6,,,,1934 9,,,,,, 3000, 45, 60,,,, 62,! 1935 8,, G1, 114
,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, 3000,,, 3000,, G1, 480,,, 500,, 115
10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,! 1935 8,,, 8,,, 116
,, 1936 9 11,, ( ),,,,,,, Toyota, Toyoda, da,, Toyota,, :,,?, : 117
,,, 1936, 198,,, 17000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1936, 1000,,, 118
, G1,,,,,,,,,1937 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938,,, 119
, 1938,, 11 3,, 1938 11 3,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938 6,, 300,,,, 1941 1938 5,, 1941 8 120, 3000
8 1941,,, 1942,,,,,, 1939,,,,1941,, 1940 7 9,,,,,,,,,, 121
,,,,,,,,, 1942 16261,, 1945, 3275, 1935 1945 10, 93293 45110, 33 1945 8 15,,, 3,, :,,?,,! 1945 9,,, 1500, 12, 122
0, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1946 3,, :,! 1947 10,, SA, 3500 5000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,? 123
,,,,, 1926,,,,, 1879,,, 1936, 260, 540K 1938 230 8 124
939, 76, 17,, 1973, 1974, 1975 1974,,,,,,,, 100, 1.5, 10, 4,, 110, 3850AS 368, 220 6, 23, W201W124 R129 W126 W126 560SEC R129 500SL (BMW, ) 1916,,, 1918 8 125
,,,,,,, BMW,,, BMW, BM W,,,, BMW, 50 60, BMW,, 1937 9 16,,, 34 1937, 170 1938 5 26, 1939 8 15 126
30,,,, 1941 5, 1.5,,,, 1.56,, 1945,,,, 1949,,,, 20 40,,, 1955, 100, 1965 1000 50, 10 4 1960 3 16 7 6,, 20%, 20%, 60% 20 60 70, 1965, 1969 127
,, 914 20, 80 100 200 924,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 956, 50, 10, 128
,,,,,,,, S0 HC ( ) ;,,,,,,, 1930, :,, 1934,,, 129
, 1934 1939,,, 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,, 1933 5,,,,,, 130
,, :!,!,,, :,,,,, :,,,,, :, 5,, 50 :,,,!,, 100, 14, 1000 4 (142, 425 ),,, 131
, :,, BMW,,,, P4,, 1400, 1929,,, P4, P4,,, 1934 5,,,,,, 1936,,,, 5,, 132
,,,,,, 20,, 1939,,,,, 1,,,,,,, 1938 5 26 7,,,, :,,,, 133
,,, 1939 8 15, 150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 134
,, 1945 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35%,,, 30,,,,, 135
,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,, 1945,,,,,,,,,,,, 136,, 30
20 3040, 32,,, 137
,,,,,, 12, 42,, 22,,,, ;,,,, 138
,,,,, 1924,,,,,,, 30,,,,,, 1944 3,,,,,,,, : ;, 139
944,,,,,,,,, 1926,1940 9 :,,,,,,,,, 1945 7,, 9 10,,, 4 1949 1956,, 6000, 353 140
,,,, 1911,,, 19l2,,,, 18,, Delco, 1916, 1920,,,, 1925, 1947, 50 1955,,, 141
,,,,,,,,,,,, 10, 100, 1500, 352,, 1931,, 20 1924 1925,, 1923, 142 1924,,
1929,,,,,,,,,,,, 1931,, 1931,,,, ; ; ;,, 1924 1924,,,,, 143
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9000,,,,,,,,,, 144
20 1928,, 20,,,, 1926,,,, 1927,, 50,,,,,,,,, 30,, 1940 9,,,,,, 40,, 4 5, 50,, 145
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 146
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40 1945, :,,,,,,,,, 147
1971 50,,,,,,,,,,, 60,, 90%,,, :,,,,,,, 148
,, 20 20, 70,, 1976, 5, 65,,, 3%,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, T, 149
T,, 20 20,,, 10%, 56 %,,,,, :,,,,, T, 20 20,,, T,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 150
,,,,, 32,,,,,, 85, :, GM( ), GM,,, GM, :,,,,,,,,? :,, 85,,,,,,, 151
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1956, 32, 5,,,, 3 1966, 90,,, :? GeneralMotors, 12, 80,, 1947,, 1943,,,,, 152
0 40,,,,,,? 153
,,,,,,, ;,,, 154
909, 17, 4,, 1916,,, 23,,,,,, 20, 12, 10,,,,, 1937, 1941,, :,, 1940,,,,,,, 155
, 1937,, 15,,,,,,,,,,,, 1932,,,,, :,, :,,,, 1941,,,, 156
,,, 1943 5 26, 1893 11 6, 50,,,,,, B - 24,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, T A 157
, 5,,,,,, 80, 1917,,,,,27,,,,,,, :,, 158
,, 1944, 58.5 %,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 27 900, 500, ; ; ;,,,,,, 159
,,,,,,, 1945, 83,,, 9 28,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,, 10,, 160,,
,,,,,,,, 1945 10 1,15,,,,,, 4, 1941 12 8, 6% 60%,,, 161
945 11,,,,,,,, 12, 10, 1945,,,,,, 30%, 11 1,,,, 6 11 15,, 30%, 1945 11 21,, 162
,,, 12%,,,,,,,,,,, 11 2%,,, 1946 3500, 20 %, 24%, 300,,, 11,,,,, 1946 2, 163
,,, 300 2 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 300?,,, 1946 1942 55%, 1942 1945 1938 100%, 30%, 1947,,, 20 97, 86 229 1947 8 25,,, 164
, 4 7,,, 84,,,,,,,,, 84, 10,, 1947 4 7,, 20 30,,,, 10, 1500 T,,, 22, T 165
,,,,,,,,, 1930,, : 1926,,,,,,, 1947, 166
,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1946 7,,,,,,, 15,,,,, 167
900 000,,, 1947,, 6636.7 1948, 9434.6 1949 17705.6, 1950, 25851 :,,,,,,,,,,, 2400 3100, 1957 35000, 1959, :,,,,,,, 168
,,,,,,,,, 1960, :,!,,,,, ( ),,,,,,1978 23.6%, 1978 7,1981 16.6 % :,, 169
980 3, 63,, 35,, 78, 1982, 65,, 40 %,, 1981, 1982 432.8, ( 624.4 ), (314.4 ) ( 213 ) (100 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,? 170
,, 1945 8 15,,,, 1945 9, 1500, 12, 10,, 1947 10, SA 1946, 1948 171
, 1948,,,,1948 3500,, 1949 5000 1950, 1000CC 1500CC,,,,, 1950,,, 1949,, 1950 4 7,,,,,, 4 1,,,, : 172
22,,,,, :, 2820,, 595, 1039 7900 1600,, 10%, 2285,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1100, 51 173
,,,, 4100,,,,,,, 3000 5000,,, : 12,, :,,,,,!!! 4 20,,,,,,, 6 3, 36, 16, 1400,, 3 992, 4 619, 5 174
04, 4 27.9, 5 25.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1950 5,,,,,,, 175
,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,!, 6 5,, 1700 6 8,,, 4, 6 10,,, 378, 2146, 5994 176
950 7 18,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1949, : 21000, 10824, 212926, 7652 6420 10,, 177
950 7 31,,,,,,,, :,!,,,,,,, :,,!,!,, 11, 7 10,, 1000, 320,!,,,!,!, : 52800! :? 10, 178
,, 1950 8 6,,, :, 650, 11 1000, BM,, BX F 38000,,, 8 1000,, 36, 10, 462700,, 1951 3, 1524,,,,,,, 1950 6 12959 179
8 2145, 10 11 4254 4331, 1950 10 1 1951 3 31, 24930, 2 15000,, 1951 4 1 9 30, 48377, 3, 20400,,, 10,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70,, 180
, 1950 7,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1950 7,,, 1947,,,, 1937,,, 1950 10,, 181
,, 10,, 10%, 90 %,,,,,, : 8000 40,,,,,,,,,,,,, 182
951 2,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 1951 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1952,,, 183
,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,, :,,,, 184
:,,,,, :,, :?!,,,,??,,,,!,,,,,,,,, 1952 3 27,, : 3 15,, 9 10, 58, 185
1, 10, 4 4, 5000,,, 40 50,, 1951,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1948,,,,,,,,,,,, 186
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 187
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 188
1946 8, 1970 12 1978 7,,,,,, :,, 1924 10 15,,,,,,,,,,,, 189
,,,, 1939,,,,, 3 4,,,, 1945, 23,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1946 8,,,,,,,, 190
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,, 3, 191
,,,, 10 1956,, 1956 56 1956,, :,,,,,,,,, 1100,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 192
1956,,, 1956, 20%, 56, 3 56 56,, 3,, ( ),, 75000,,,,,, 1960 3,,, 4, 1960 12,, 193
, 36,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1964 4,,, 18,, 1962 6, 1964 4 21 194
21,,,,,,,, 8,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100 70, 4, 700,,, 54,,, 1000,, 1964 4 17,,,,, 195
,, 15,,,,,,,, 400, 418812, 21,,, 1965 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 196
,,, 1967,,,,,, 1966 9, 44000,,,,, 1967,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,, 2000, 10 197
10 1968, 44, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 198
60, 5,,, 1968,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 19,,,,,, :,,,,,, 199
,,,,,,, 1970 12,,, 46, 43200, 250 75, l50, 149, 5, 3.5%, 60, 5%,,, 5000, 5000 :,,,, 2, 200,
,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :, :,! :? :,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 201
, 1973, 150, 50,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1000,,,, 1979, X, 0 H,,, 4 5,,,, 202
, :!,,,,,,,,,, 1956,,,,,, 12%, 40 %,,,, 1975,,,, 1975,,,,,,,,, 203
975,, 2 3,,,,,, 20,,,,, TO TE 1983 5,, 1979,, 2 14,, 100, 2900, 15,, 100, :,?,,,,, 204 1975 4 10,,
20,, 7500,, 4 47000, 1975 7 11, 500,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1975,, :,,, : : 1870,, 205
,, 200,,,, 97,,,,,,,, :,,!,,,, :,!,,, :,!,!,,,,,, 206
1977,, 200,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 1978 7 13,,,,, :,,,,, 207
?,,,,,, :,!! 18, 35,,,, 18?!,,,,,,,,,, :?,,, 208,,
,,,, 40,, 1978 3, 1.6,,,,,, 1978 11 2, 4,,,,,, :, ;, ;,,,, 209
,,, 44,,,,,,,,,,, 1977,,, 33 3,,,,,,,, 210
, 1979, 55,,,,, 15, :,,,,,,,, 10,,,, 271 136, 53 44,,,,,,, 1980 1 7,, 211
,,, 15 22,,, 3, 4 17, 400, 1, 7, 200, 48675, K,,,, 6,,, 1982,,, 1983,, 92500, 3,,,, 50, 1983, 1250,, 2, 16.375,, 25, 35 212 1984,,
!!,,1983 7 13,, 7,, 81348,,,,,,,,, 1980 3, 63, 78,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 213
,,, (,, ),, 214
,,,,, 1952 3 26,,,,, 6 3,, 68,, :,, 215
, 1952,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1952 7,,,,,,,, 216,
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1952 10,,, 1952 1953, : A40, 4CV,, 1953 1,,,,,, 217
, 1954 10 5000 1954 12,,,,, :,,,, 90,,, 1955,, 200,,,,,,,,, 1955,, 7000, 1956, 6000,, 218
1956 6,, :, 1954 7,, 13,,? 7,, :,,,,,1957 9 12, 3,,,, 1958 9, :, 5000, 10000 ; ; 25 ;,,, 219
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,, 220
1959,,,,,,,,, 1956, 9250, 3174, 3640, 2134,, 1961 8,,,,, 6, 1967 10 13, 10 30,,, 17, : 50,,,,, 221
, 1979,, 90 60,,,, 1957 8 25,,, 10,,,,,,,,,, 1966, 70,,, :,,,,,,, 222
0 20 1960,,,,, 20 20,,,,,, 1920 1921,,, : 223
1924,,,,,,, T, 1908,, T,,,,,,, 1921,, 31, 10,,, 1925,, 21% 24 %, 17%,, 1925 6700 1929 10600, 8 50,, 224
, 315000,,,, T, T,,,,,, 1928 1929,,,,20 30,,,, 48,, 12,,,,,,,, 225
25 ),,,, 3,1919,, 10%, 90%,,,,,,,,, : ; ;,, ;, ; ; ; ;,,,,, 226 20 20,,
5 10,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1977,,,,,,,, 227
,,,,,,, 12 12000 1978,,, 12 12000,, 90,, 12 12000,,1977, 340,,,,, 1978, 31 1953, 200, 228
.75 87,,, 43, 1950,,,, SP EAR, 2200,,, 7600 1977,,,, :,,,, 229
,,,, 20,,, 20 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 230
10,,, 50 60,,,,,,, 1952,,, 1957 8 25,,,,,,,,,, 20 60,,,, 50,,,,, 231
,,, 20 70 70,,,, 2600,,, 9 ( ),,,,,, 9,,,,, 9 3 ( ),,,,,,, 33% 232
,,,,,,, 50,, ( ) 70, 32, 70, 11, 9 9,, 7,, 20 70,,, 60,,, 233
958,,,, T 1962, 100,, 1937 9 16, 1933,,, :, 1937, 34, 170, 234,
:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1936,,,, 1938 5 26,, 1939 8 15,, 150,,, 630,,,,,,,, 235
, 1945 5,,,,,,, 1929,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 236
:,!,,,,,,,, :,,!,,,, 2 40,, 1948 1, 2,,? 1948 9, 3, 15%, :, 237
949,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 36 : 50,,, :,,?,,,, 238
,,,,,,,, 1000,,,,,,,,,, 1958, 10,,,, :! :,, 239
,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,, :, :,?,,,,,,,,,,,, 240
,, 1962, 100,, 1965, 1000, 1960 3 7,,, 60%,,,,, :,?,,,,, 1970,,, 241
, 70,,,,,, 1974 1975, 10 1976,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 242
,, 243
0,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 244
,,,, : 8,,,,,,, 60 %, 80, 40, 900, GMC,,, 1991, 245
237.8, 1802.36 1998,,,, 3,, 10 %, 25 %, 6%,, 1966,,,,, 15 70,37 68, 32%,,,,,,,, 1952, 246 20 70, XM - 1
M15IA2 M56,,, 1908,,, 1911,,, 20 20,,,, 1923,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20, 247
, 1925,,257.33,, 1929 333.62,,, 1926,, 1932,,,,, 1970, 13,, 8 1971,,, 70,,, 60,,,,,, 248
,,,,,,, 1969,,, :, ;,,,1969 1976, 7 1971, 34.2%, 50 %, 50 %, 60 %, 45 %, 60%, 60% 1977,,, 1969 1976, 6 249
1, 2 1978,:,, 1989, 25 %,, 7%, 13 %, 3%, 2%, 20,,,,, 1983 12, 12, 20,,,,,,,, : ;, 1975, 250
1936,,, 1970,, 18, 11 1975,, 37,, 1982 1983, 30, 40%,, 1989 969,, 1991, 889.6, 3, 251
1736.63 44, 18, 32, 13, 2,, T V - 8,,,,, 3,, IV 1980 12 6, V,, 36000 5, 1000,,,, 3000,,, 5000 8600 B - 24, 57000 252
, 1971, 50, 19 1956,,, 1961,,, 1983,, 1905, 1908,,, 20 50, 10, 1967,, 81% 1981 51% 1991, 218,, 36.6% 19.4% 10.5 % ;, 13.2 %,, 30, 24 22 253
991, 293.70, 430.76,, 25.8 %, 1936 1949,, 1958 1959, 1957 35.6, 1961 21, 40% 1962, 8%, :,, 1974,, 1978, 3.11,, 1978,, 1979,, 254, 1979 9
7.21, 1978 12%, 11 1980,, 15, 1982, 1983 1980 23 % 1991 15.7%, 1982 63 32, 8, 36, 132, 1957,, 1958, 25 %,1963,, 1966, 77 %, 1964, 30%, 50%,,, 1967,, 1968,,,, 1963, 255
1965,, 1965, 19, 79, 40%,20 60 70, 20 %,,, 1991 542.59, 449.8, 4,,, 200 600, 10 600 256
17,, 70,, 10 190, 1983, ( 1 ),,,,, 1952 1953,, 50, 60 70 ( 1966 )(1967 ) ( 1968 )( 1969 ) (1970 ) ( 1971 ) (1975 ) ( 1977 ),, 48, 14 28 6 4546,, 2528, 1132, 257
47, 341, 198 20 70, 1983, 400, 258.3, 64%, 1991 437.10, 418.92 1974 1983 10, 4,6 15,,, 80 100 200 924 50 1951,,, 60,, 2/ 3, 3/ 41983, 63.9%,, 212.7, 258
37.7, 64.7% 1984 10 10,,, 25,,,, 1991,,, 1960, 54.30,1970 116, 1980 200,, 60,,,,, 1975, : 1980, 21, 5 6 6 4 32 1,, 150 259
,,,, 1933, 1934, 1935,,,, 1937,, 1944,,1949, 13, 320 1952 A40, 60,, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1966, 1989,, 260
00 60,,,, 1977 6, 1978 20 70,,, 70 80 80,,,,,,,, 1982,,, ( ) ; ; 60, 261
960 9, ; 1965 1,, ; 1965 7,,, 1966 5 12, 70,, 70,,,, 1980 1,, ;4,, ; 12,, ;1982 1, ; 3, ; 6,,, 1983 3, 1890, 5,,,,,, 1984 2 1,,,,, 262
21,,, 1990, 64, 1992 44 1991, 402.17, 364.02, 1991, 654.54, 553.40,, 1936,,, 1939,,1941, 5000,,, 1952,,,, 263
1957, 1960, 8.1% 1976, 47.3%, 110, 10040, 1955,:,,,,,,,,,,,, F A,,,,,,,,, 1960, 1977, 12 1977 19.1766 1976 5, 100, 11 17, 264
; 1958, 72 %, 1976, 49 %, 60% 1976,,,, 20%,,,,,, 1972 70 18%, 6,, 60 %,1973 20 %,, 1958 1968 1976,,,, 90% 70, 21 80,, 90, 265
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 266
957,,, 1966, 70,,, 1955, 3,,, ;, :,,,?, 267
,,,,,,,,,,, :,!, 1957 10,,, ( Toyopet),,,,, 1957,,, 2300 288,1959,,,,,, 268 :
,,,,,, :,,, 50 100, 1960, ( 1500CC),, 104,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,, 65 1966 8,, 1964 RT40,,, 269
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 270
, 1966 10, ( Cocolla),,, ( Cocona),,, 1960, 208, 1966, 35 1966,,, 1.2 1967 16,, 1968 1972, 10,, 1976 6, 500,1983 3 1000 1980, 85.6 1967,,, 60, 70,, 1971 294.3, 1976 346.8, 1977 493, 1965 10 1,,,,,, 271
100%,,,, 60, 2%,,,,,,, 1973 10, ( OPEC) 25%, 3, 8.4,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 272
1979,,,,,,,,,,, 1979, 17%, 1980 24%,,,,,,,,,,, 1981, 273
CCC,, :, 1981 5,, 44 % 1980 33%, 3.6,,,, 70, 300,,,, 1980,,,, :,, :, 25, 274
,,, 25, 30, 40% :, :,,! :,, 20 %, 65 %,,, :, 1980,, 1100,,,,,,,,,,,, 275
0 70,,,, :, 1991 30%, :, 60 70,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,, 276
,,,,,,, 100,, 1969 4.5 1973 1.3,,, 2000,, 1800,,, 1965, 384 200,, 4 :,,,, 1965, 277
,,,, 1967, 43.9%,,,,, 1970 1974 :,,,,,,,, 100 400,,1969, 1200 27, 13 1850, 8.7 1000 278,
971, 39%,, 19%, 16%,,,,, 1971 8 14,, 10 %, 5 10%,,, 1973 1979,, 80,,, :,, : 20 90,, 25 % 30 %,, 80,,, 279
989 243, 1986 26% 30%,, 1992, 7270, 1/ 5, 1988, 45 44%,, ; ;,,,, 2 4,, 1986,,, 7,,,,,,, 270 8, :,,,,, 280
,,, 281
,,,, 1977,, 447, 33000 51%,, :,,,, (1978 4 1979 3 ), 6, 282,
977,,, 1977 4, 44 %, ;,,, 4,, 4 11,, 558 1978 4 6, 253, 265, 1977 11,, : 40%,,, 1982, 1180,, 270, 13.5 1978 1,, 21% 14.5%, 10%, 20 %, 1977,,, 6 4 1978 3,,, 283
: ; ( 3% ) ;, ; :,, ; ;, ; ;,,,,,, 1977,, 1978 2, 1979 12,, 15, 1979 11, 1980, 17, 1980, 15.4, 1921, 1980 7, 1979 l0.5% (833 ), 1980 21% ( 658 ), 1980 1, 41 15, 8 284
600, 20 ( 1980 8, 25 ), 1978, 1979,,, 1979, 177, 16.6%, 76.3% 1980 191, 21.3%,, 1979 12,,,, (),, 1980 4, 5, : (, ) 40, ( 1981 ), 1979,, 1980 285
1980 6, 1974 201,, 8,,, 1980 11, 3 2,,,, 1981, 1981, 20%,, 1981 1983 168 9 17% 9 : 1981,, 9, 9 % 286 1983,, 1984,
,, 3 ( ), 3, 1981,,,,,,, 6,,,,, 1984 186, 3 ( ),,,,,,, : 43%, 72 %, 73%, 67%, 63%,, 99%, 4,, 20 80,,,, 287
,,, 1990, 4100, 75%, 1992,,,,,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 288,,
,,, 10, 15,,,, 1992 5 19,, 7,,, 7.75% 12.5%,,,,,, 1%, 30%,,,,, 289
:,,,,, 3/ 4, 50%,,,,,, 1991 10, 5420,, 4120, 10 3,, 20,,,,,,, 1992 290
,,,,, 1992, 230 165, 1992,,, 1994 1992 90 190, 2,, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, 291
, 20,,,,, 20,,,,,,, 1995 6 28, 11,,,, 10 3,,,,,, 292
,,,,,, 293
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 294
11 %,, 20 70, 1976, 70, 1975 33%, 22,, 33060, 2.8% 1963, 1978, 12 1974, 100 %,,,,,,, (,, ),,,,,,, 1973,,,,, 1976 :,, 295
,,,,,,,,1977, 76, 176129, 31035 1978 1,, 16%,, 1978 2,,,,,,,,, 1978 3 4, 6.4%,,, 10%,, 3%,, 1980 4 1981 3 2200,, 1981 5,, 296
, 1981 6,, 1981 7% ; 1980 ; 10 % 6 17, 7,,,, 10 %,,,,,,,, 80,,, 90,,,,, 1991 8 1 1.3, 1992 17.5 297
1993 27 1992 10, 5 10, 1992 12, 10,1995 20,,,,,,, 1991,,, 1993 7, 123, 1993,,, 1986 1990, 36 %, 1991, 3.3%, 752 11, 1991 8, 30.2 % 30%, 0.4%, 64.5%,,,, 298,
,, 1991, 1991 7, 20 120,,, 1992,,, 1993,, 1993,, 1991, 10 120,, 1992,, 6%, 1.3%, 1993, 7.5%,, 11%,,, 299
1992 1992,, ( ),,, 1992 566.77, 1991 1.5% 1986 7,1992 177.33, 1991 14.6%, 6 ; 234, 1991 4.7%, 1992, 118.52, 1991 6.2%, 10, 1992,,, 37, 1991 38.2% ; 51, 1991 36.6%,,,, 1992,, 1999,,,,, 300
, :!,,,,,,,, 11.6%, 30%,,,,,,,,,,, 301
,,, : :,?,,,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( 302
,,,, 1980 1 7,, 15,,,,,, 55,,,,,,,,,, 20 70,, 1990, 4100, 75% 30%, 1%,,,,, 303
1980 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 304 1981, 1992
981 1,,, 20, 25, 1978, 35 15, 2,1979, 11,, 15 1979, 10,, 1980 17,, 15, 7, 30,, 6,, 400 21 % 25% 20 %,,, 1650 1980, 1000,, 1973 1979,, 305
,, 1979 1 0.69, 1980 1.22,, 1979 1 1980 1,, 23% 33% 40%, 14 % 32% 56 %,,,,,,, 1979,, 4 1980,, 50 %, 1979, 175,,,,,,,,, 1980, 29,, ; 20, 306
,,,, 19 :,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1981 5, 8%, 1980 182, 1981 1982 168 1983,,,,, 1983, 50% 100 % 307
,,, 1983 1984,,,,,,,,, 1992 10,, 1991 4120, 3/ 4 1991 3.2,,, 230,,, ;,,,,,,, 308
, 1992 1, 747, 40 30, :,,,,,,, 1962, :,,, :,,,? 1991, BMW (, ),,, 15 5 2%,,, 309
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,!, :, 310
!,,, 3 190, 1.97,,,,,, 230, 165,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1992, 20,,, 311
:,,, 33%,, 312
1,,,, ( ),,,,, 20 70,,, 20 70, :, 60 70 1962 1972,, 51.9 % 42.2 %, 313
4.3%, 2%,,,? :, 1972,, 1973 3 :, ;, ;, 1973 10, :, : (), 1976 ; 1976 400 1973,,,,, 1974,42%, 1952 314 3,
,,, 1977,, 17.8,,1977 ( ), 46.4%, 22.3 %, 11.1 %, 18.4% 56.1%, 26.8 %, 14.9%,,, 1978,, 1977 540 968,,,,, 500,,, ( ), 1985,35, 80, 50, 315
X 27,,, 80,, 1980 1984 400, 100,, 1981 5, 50, 1984, 4, 8,, 200,,, 1948,, 1967,,, 1968 10, 6,,, 316
75, 1980 300,1985 5000, 1990 1.4,,,,,, 10,,, 90,,, 1980,,, 1992,,, :,,,, 230, 165,, 1992 11 2.6%,,, 317
,,,, 90,, 1992 8, 15%, 12,,,,,, 1/ 10, 1/ 10, 1/ 13,,, 1993,, 6 (1 0.8 ), 20,, 20, 1992, 30 % 27 %, 65% 68% 1992, 318
,,, 20 1992 1, 225 2, 103 5 1992 120,, 20 90,,,,, 1992 10,, 1.4, 1 1980 6,,,,,,,, 4800, 2300, 3100,,,, 319
, 1992, :, 1992,,, 1992 1149, 1991 1069 8% 1992 1769, 1991 1777, 1992, 6%, 1250, 3%,,,,,,, 20,,,,, 320
,,,, 20 90,, : ; ; ; ;,,,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 34 %,,,?, 321
,,,,, 34%,,, 5%,,,, 10 % 7,,,,,, 322
20,? 1800 T,,,, 20%, 800,,,,,, ( ) 24.4 %, 20,,, 6,, 3,, 15%, 323
20 60,,,,,, ( 15% ) ( ) 49.9% ( 4 ),, 50% 20 20, 1995, 57,,,, 1998, 5, 350,, 324,
,,,,,,, 500,,, 1999 1, 108, 2000 11, 50%,, 2000,,,, 2001 1 29,,, 20%, 2.6 ;, 13, ; 2001 75% ; 2002, 6,, 2 2,, J.P., 2 26, 2000,, 2000 13, 2001 325
2 4 : 2000 20, : 2000 5.12,, 2001 20, 10 108 45, 2001 2, : 3, 3 6000, 9.5 1 1.5, 41 6,,,, :, :,,, 326
,,10%, 1400,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1998,,,,, 1998 327
30,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90 :, :,,,,, 2000,,, 2000, 10%, 34%, 21,,,,,,, 328
,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 21,,,, 329
,,,,,,,,,, 9, 3 3 3, 30, 9,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,, 330
20 90,,, 331
,,, W TO,,?,, 1.5, 2005, 580,2010 1000, 400, 120, 2001, 200, 1/ 4, 2001 320, 40% 332
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2001,, GL8 G GL,,, 2001 11 2.7, 2.2, 2001 6 2001 2001 10 :,,, 333
), ( ),,, 10, 240 500, 1984,,, 1999,,911,, 911, 2000 10 %,911, 35%,,,,,,,,, 2001, 6, 2000, 2002,,, 334
( GMAC), 35 700 2001 10 30,,, 44, 1979,,,,,, 2000, 2000 8,,,,, 2001 5 1300, 30,,,, 335
2000,,, 2001 9, 22.8 % 22.6%, 6.92, 10 2000,, 2001 911,,,, 2001 4 31 10 16 5, 5000,,, 30 2000 2001 7, 8 1, 1997 1, T RANSIT,,, 2001 10 31,, WTO 336 2001 4 25,,
800, 50% 36, 24, 5,,,,, 2000,,,, :,, 25 45, 160 180 7000,, ( ) 337
),,, :,, 35, 5, 9 :,,,, WTO, : ( ),,,,,,,, 2002 WTO,,,, 2001 6 22, 100%, 338
,,,,, 2001,, 1995 1, 10, 380 7000,, 2001, ( ), 3000,,,,, ( ) 1998 11, 9909, 50% 45% 5 % 2005 1, 10%, 32.5, 339
,,,, 2001, 2000 2000,,, 300 2001 1, 2000 1, 2001,, 11%,, 1997, F, 2001, F, 80,,,,,, :,,,, :,, 340
,,,,,,,,,,, 2001,, JMC, JMC 2001 1.1, 13 %,, JMC 51,,, 54.65%, 37.78% 20 90,,, 3.5, 50 %, 25%, 15 %, 10 %, 20 341
001, A6 1.8 T, 17 23,2002 9,,, 12, 2002 1, 4 10, ( ), 10, 10, 2001,, 508, 0.4%, 46.1, 7.2%, 4. 5% 10 9.2, 4, 5, 25, 80%,2005,3S 550, 2002, ( ), 8, 60%, 20%, 30, 2003, :,, 342
989, AEG,,,, 70% 1998 5 7,,, 2001 6,,, 5000,, VITO,,, 2001,, 2001 6,,,, ( ),,, 20, 2003, 30, 343
,,,,,,,, 6 + 3, 6 + 3 6 + 3, 400 ;,, 6, : ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( )( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) 6 5000, 85%,,, 344
W TO,,,, 9,,,,, 9 :,,,,,,,,,,, 345
W T O, 50,, W TO,,,,,,, 30, 1931 5,, ( ),,,, 1934, 1938 346
WT O: 600 480, 1940, 5000,,, 1800 1939, ( ),, 1945 8,,,,, 1936 12,,,,, CKD( ), 5, CKD,, 100,,,,,, CKD,,,,,,, 1939 9,,,,,,, 1941 12,,,, 347
,,,, 2000, 1945 9 2, 11,, 11,,, 2.5, 5000,,, 1953,,,, 1956, 30, 6, 70 70, 1975, 300 1983 7 15 1987 1 1 CA141, 80 1987, 1.8 2.5, 1987, 1988 1990 4 100, 3 1991 11 20,, 1993 348
WT O: 985 3,,,, ( CKD),, 830,, 1991 70 %, 6, 1995, 15 30, ( ), 40,, 30,80,,,,, 10% 20%, 3% 40,,,, 100 800, 349
1996, 18, 45,,,,,, 1200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 20, 10 8,, 8, 20 80, 90 3 10, 350
WT O: 9000, 11, 3,,,,, 85, 1997 38.5, 50%,,, 24,,, W TO, 2001, 1998,,, 2000, 5560, 1999,,, 9 11,,,,,,, 351
,,,,,, 911 W TO, 9 18, W TO,,, WTO,?,,, 80% 100%, 2006 7 1 25 % ;, 2005 25% ; 2005 20% 25%, 5 30% ; 9% 12 % 60% 2005 45 %, 30%, 2006 7 1, 25% 10%,, 352
WT O: 6000, 1, 1.5,,, 2.5, 1: 7,, WTO,,,, 1996, 35.1 %, 1996 965.5, 28.2%, 1998 28.9 23.6 19.1, 7.4% 126,,, 1/ 50, 1997, 2.5 / ; 4060 /, 2040 /,,,, 353
, 10, 80, 140 141 70 1997, 11, 1998, 10,,1980 1998 19, 12.65, 1/ 10, 11 1/ 3, 1/ 10, ;, 30% 70%,,,,,,, 2000, 1300 1, 2,, 2,,, 354
WT O:, WTO, 1998, 1.06, 56.5 32.7 14.14.2,,,,, 1998, 423.65, 32.1%,, 2000,,, 65.2%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 355
,, W TO,,, ;,,,, W TO,, W TO, WT O:, W TO,?,, 126,,,,,,,,,,, 356
WT O:,,,,,,?,,,,?,, W TO,,,,,,,,,, 357
,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,,,,?,, 40 CA772 S H760,,, : CKD, ; ;,,,, 358
WT O:?,,,,,,,,,,,, Safari TATA, TATA,,?,,,,,,, 359
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4, 10 90,, 2005, 9%, 2005, 100, 2010 200, 12 360
WT O: GL S,2001 7.8, 2000 12, 2003 8 5,, 30% 50%, 20 % 30 %,, 40%, 17%, 80 % 100%,, WTO,,, :, 2001 70% 80%, 2000 80% 100%,, 5, 5 25% 2002, WTO, 2002 1 1,, 3 70% 43.8%, 3 80% 50.7 %, 30%, 20 %, 30%, 30 10, 70% 7, 2002 4, 3,, W TO 361
2001 10, 2002 1 12,, 4 11, 2000 11.998 9.7, 2. 3, 20% 3.89,,,,, 2001 2001, 20%,,19 4.7, 2002 30%, W TO, 2002 80, 1/ 3, 2.5, 20,, 10, 2001 2001,,,,,,,,, 362
WT O:, 60%, 40%,,,? 25 %,,, 60%,, 40%,, : 17% 5% 8% 10 % ( 15 % ), 30% 10, 1.5, 1, 80%, 5000, 1.5 12.5, 4.5, 12.5 32. 6%,,, ;,, ;, 363
,, 500?,,,, 1998 40, 1626, 46%, 40% 45%, 55 % 60 %,,, ( ),,,, 2001 8, ( ),,,,, 364
WT O:,,, 9.28,, : 6690 /, 4000 + 1000 + 240 + 800 + 650 = 6690 : 12920 19460 / : 500,,,, 6690 + 12920 = 19610, 14610,, 1997 12 :,, ( ),,,, 365
,,, 4000, 7,,,, 2002 2 20, 1.3, 4 5,, 700,, 200, 40,, 70,, 2002 1,, 13600, 2001 12 8100 1400, 14735, 2 400,, 13100, 14057, 2002 1 7200, 8100,,,,,,,, 366
WT O:,,,,,,,, 2001 9, 1 (1 ), 1.2 (1.2 ),,,,?,,, 6% ;, 15%, 20 %, 17.5%, 20.6% :, 5% 3% 5 %,, 80,, 40 100 %,, 60 40%, 1989, 5%,,,,, 367
,,,, 20%,,,,,,, :,, 90,,, :1.1994 2.1995 3., 1994, 10, 5000 4. 1994 7.5 10, 3 5. 5, 60 :1., 2., 3. 1954 1972 6 5, GDP 0.67% 1.96%, 13.5 108.1, 2.1 % 43.2% 4.5., 50% 368
WT O:,,,,,90,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, 369
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, W TO, ;, 370
861 1863 1875 1879, 1886 1 26,, 1887, 1888 50,, 371
889 6 9, V,, 3.7 1890 1891,, 1892, 1893, 1894 135, 372
895, 9 50 (80.45 ) 1896, 1897,, 0.75 %, R.A.C 26 % 1.1, 1898 4 373
899, 1945 1900, 1901, 1902 1903 V 374 1904
905 ( SAE) 1906 1907, 1908 T, 1909 1910 375
1911 376 500, 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916, 1917
918 1919 1920 191 1921 1922 1923 24 1924 1925 1926,, 377
927 T 1500 1928 1929 378 1930, 1931 1932 1933, 1934,,
935 1936 260D 1937 V8, 1938 1939 1940 1941 1943 1944 379
1946 1947 4.5, 1948 1949 V8 1950 1952, 1953 264 /, 18 380 1954
955, 10 877 1956, 1957 1958 360 1959,,, 1960 1963,, 160 1965 381
1966 1969 1970 1971 1, ( CVCC ),, 1975 1972 1500, T 1973, 1974 382
1975 1970, 1976 1977 447, 51% 1978,, 1979 1 1980 ( 1104 ) ( 801 ), 15, 383
1981, 11.5 2000 1983 1984,, 84 1985, 71 384 1986 5000
987 350 1988 100 1989 1990, 1998 350, 2001 WTO,, 2002 1, 385