( )
(CIP),2004.6 /,. : ISBN 7-81060 - 363-9............ - -.R4 CIP (2004) 011705 : : 818 : 200433 / : 021-65493093 : 850 1168 1/ 32 : 6 :154 2004 6 1 2004 6 1 : 13 000 ISBN 7-81060 - 363-9/ R276 :12.00
22,, 4,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 22, 22,,,, 1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,! 2004 2 2
( 1) (12) (20) (29) (34) (44) (53) (60) (72) (82) (90) ( 101) ( 112) ( 120) ( 126) ( 132) ( 138) ( 145) ( 155) ( 163) ( 169) ( 177)
1 ( )36.337.2, 0.5, 0.5,, ( fever ) ( ) 1. (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ): (4 ) : 2. (1 ) :, ;, ;,, (2 ) :,
2 ;, (3 ) : -, (4 ): ( ) (5 ) :, (6 ) :,,,,,, ( ) 3,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,, () 1., 37.338, 38.1 39,39.141, 41
3. 3 (1-1) 1-1 (1 ):,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 3940,, :, (2 ):
4,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( )1 ( ) (3 ):,,,,,,,, :,, : 3.,, ( ) ( fever type) : (1 )( continued fever ) : 3940, 24 h 1 ( 1-2 ) (2 )( remittent fever) :,, 39, 24 h 1.5
5.0, ( 1-3 ) 1-2 1-3
6 ( 3 ) (intermit tent fever ) :,, ( ) 1 d, (1-4) ( 4 ) ( undulant fever) : -4 39,,, (1-5) 1-5 (5 ) ( recurrent fever ) : 39, ( Hodgkin) (1-6)
7-6 (6 ) (irregular fever) :, ( 1-7 ) 1-7,, :,
8 ;,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 34,,, ;,,,,, B C 2. 1, 10 /,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,, 4.,,,,,,,
9 5.,,,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) : ; ; ;,, (2 ): ( ) ( ), (3 ) : ( ), ; ( ) ; (, ) (4 ) (5 ) : ; ; ; 2.,,, () ( ) 1. 3637,, 24 h,, 1
10 2., 50% 60%, 3.,,, ;, ;, 4.,, 15% 18% ;, ; ( ) 1. 2. () (1 ), (2 ),, (3 ),, (),,, (), 1.,,
11, 2.,,, 3., ( )
12, (cough ),,, (expectoration),,, ( ), 1. ( ),
13. 3.,,, 4. Wegner 5., ( ) ( ),,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,, (),,,,,,,,
14.,,, 2.,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3., ;, ; ( ),, ;, 4.,, :,,,, ( ) ;, ( )
15,,,,,,, -,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. (1 ):,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ): ;, ; ; ; (4 ) :,, ;, ; (5 ) : 2.,
16,, (chronic ob structive pulmonary disease, COPD), ( ) 1. 100 ml,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, (1 ) :,,, ;, ;, ;, ; (), ( ) ;, ; (2 ):, (),,,
17.,, ( ) 1. 2., / 3. (), : 1.,,,,,, 2.,,, (1820) ( 60% ), 3.,,,, () 1.,,,,
18. 1 500 ml,,, 3., :,,,,, 56,,, 23,,,,, ( ) 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,,,,, (),,
19,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,, 2.,, 3.,,,, 4.,,,, 5., ()
20 ( hemoptysis ),,,, ( ), (),,, ;, ;,,,
21 ) () ;, ;, ;,,, () ( )( ) ( Wegener ), () 1., 2. 100 ml ; 100500 ml ;500 ml (300500 ml),,, 3., ; ;,,
22 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, () 1. (1 ) :,,,, (2 ):, ; ; ; ;,
23 3 ): 40 ( 400 / ), (4 ) : ; 2.,, ;, ;,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 3-1 2.,,,, 3.,
24-1,,,, 4. (1 ):,,, (2 ) : ; ; 40, ; ; ;, ; ;,, (3 ):, ( ) 1.,
25, 2., 3., ( ),,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1., 24 h 0.51 h,,,
26. (1 ) :,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,, (3 ):,,,, X (4 ):,,,,,, ( ) 1.,, 2. :,,,, ;,, 3., :
27,,, ;, 6- K ;,, ; 4.,,, 5. :,,,,,,, :,, 1 0001 500 ml,,, :, ( ),,, : 1.,, ( 4060 ),,, 4590,
28,,,,,,,,,, 2., ( ) (1 ),, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,, ()
29 ( ) 1. 2. () 3. - 4. 5. 6. (),,,,,
30 ( ) 1., ;,,,,,,,,,, 2., ; ( ), Pancoast,, 3. ;, 4.,,,,,,,
31 ) 1.,,,, 2.,,,,, () 1. (1 ) :, ; ; (2 ) :, ; (3 ) :,,, (4 ) : ( ) (5 ) :, ; 40 2.,,
32 ) 1.,, ;,, 2.,,,, 3. (1 ) :, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,, () 1. 2. 3., 4. (),,,,
33 ),,,, (),,,, (),,, ( )
34 ( dyspnea),,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4., (
35 5. ( ) () () () ;, (), : 1. () 3 : (1 ):,,,, (three depression sign), :,, ;,, (2 ):,
36 ( ) () ;, (), (3 ):,, ( ),,,,,, 2. (),, :, ;,, ;,, ;, ;,, ;, ;,, 10% 30%,,, ( orthopnea),,, :,,, ;, ;,
37 ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, (cardiac asthma), () :, ;,, ;,,,,,, 3.,,,,,, ( Kussmaul ),,,,,, ( Cheyne-Stokes ) ( Biots ),,, ;,
38,,,,, 4.,,,, ( ) ( ),,1 min 60100,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,
39,,,,, ;,, ( ) 1. (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ), (4 ) ; ;, (5 ) (6 ) 2.,,,, () 1.,
40,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ), ;, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), 3. ( ) 1. 2. / 3. 4. ()
41.,,,,,, 2.,,, 3.,,, :,,, ; ;, ;,,,,,, 4.,,, 2 L/ min;,,,, 8.0 kpa, 7.3 kpa,,,,, ( ) 1.,,
42.,,, 3.,,,, 4. ( ), (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, C( ), ;, (3 ), (),,,,,
43,,,, ( ),, (1 ),,,, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ), ; (6 ),, (7 ) ( )
44 (cyanosis ),, ( ) ( ) 1. (1 ): ( SaO2 ), : :,,, ( ) () ( ) :,,, 1/ 3,, (2 ):, : :,,,
45 () :,,,, ( ),, (3 ):,, 2., (1 ) :, 30 g/ L : ( ) ; (, ) ;, (2 ) : 5 g/ L,,, ( ), 50 g/ L,, 15 g/ L 5 g/ L,
46 < 4050 g/ L),,,, ;,,, SaO2 0.85, 50 g/ L,, ( ) 1., ( ),, 2.( ),,, 3.,,, ( methylene blue) C, 4.,, () 1., 2.,, 70%,,, 3.()
47 (), ( ), 4., ;,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) :, ; ;,, ;,,, (2 ):,,, (3 ) : () 2.,, ;, ;,,,,
48 ) 1.,, :, ;, ;, 2.,,, ;,,, ;,, 3. 6-1, 6-2 6-1 ( ), ;
49-2,,,,, 4., (1 ):, (2 ) ( ) :, (3 ) : (4 ):,, (5 ) : ( ) 1. 2. 3., 4.
50 ( ),,, :, ;,,, ;,,, ;,, () 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,, ;,,,, (),, ;,, ;,,,,,
51 ) 1., ; ;, 2.,, 28% 35% ;, 28% ;, 24% 28%,, () 1., ( ) ( 5 ),,, ; ;,, ; 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., C,,,,, ( ),
52 ) 1.,, ; ;,, ; ; 2., ;,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;, ; 3.,,,,, 5 g,,,,,, 4. ; ;, ()
53 ( palpitation ),,, ( ) 1.,, 2.,, (1 ) : (2 ) :, ( ) (3 ) :, (4 ):
54 ),,,,,, ;,, ;,, ;,, ;,,, (), ;,, ;, () 1. ; 2., 3.
55 ( ) 1. (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,,, ;,, ;, (3 ):, (4 ): 1,,, (5 ):, (6 ) :,,,,,, 2.,,,, (),
56 ( ) 1.,,, 2.,,, ;, ;, ;, 3. (1 ):,,, 35 min,, ;,,, ;,, (2 ):, (3 ) :, (4 ): ( )
57,, ; ) (5 ):,, (6 ) : ( ) 1. 2. 3., ; ; (),, ;, ;,,, ;,,,, () 1. (1 ) :,,, (2 ):,
58, ;,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, 2.,,,, 50 /, 3.,,, ( ) ;, ; ;,, ;, () (1 ) :,,,,, ; (2),,
59 ) ;,,, ;,,, ;,, ;,, ( )
60, ( edema ), ;, ;, ( hydrops ), ( ) ( ) 1. (1 )( cardiac edema) :,,,,, (2 ) ( renal edema ) :,,,
61 3 ) ( hepatic edema) : (4 ) ( nutritional edema) :, B1, (5 ) :,,,,,,,, 714 d,,,,,, (idiopathic edema ),,,,,, ( ) 2. (1 ):,,,,, (2 ) :,,
62 3 ):,,,, (4 ) ( angioneurotic edema) :,, ( ),,, -, 4,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,
63 1.,,,, ;, 2.,, 3., (ascites ),,, 4.,,,, ( ) 1., :,,, ;,, ;, ;,,, 2.,
64, 5 % ;,, 10% ;,, 10% 3.,,, 4.,, 5.,,,,,, 6. 7.,, 8., ( ) 1. (1 ):, ;, ;, (2 ) : ( ),,
65 3 ) :,,, 2. ;,, ;,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 2., (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,, 3. (1 ):, :,,,,,,,,,,
66,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ),,,,,, (8-1) (2 ) : ( pitting edema),,, ;,, (3 ) :,,,,,, 1 500 g ( 40 g ),,,,,, 4. (1 ), (2 ),, ; (3 ),
67 4 ), 8-1, X,,,,,,, 131 (5 ), ( BMR ),,
68 6 ), ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4., 5. () 1. (1 ) :,,,,, ;, ;, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,
69, 2.,,,,,, 23 g, ;,, ;,, 5001 000 mg,,,,,, 1 000 ml,,,,, 500 ml 1 000 ml,, 500 m1 3.,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,
70 ; ; 2.,,,, 3.,,,, ( ) 1.,,, 2.,,, T,, () 1.,,,, ; ; 50, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, ;,, ;,
71,, ( ) 1.,,,, 2., 3.,,,,,,,, ()
72 ( hemat emesis ) (, ),,, ( ) 1. (1 ) : ( Mallory-Weiss ) (2 ) : ( ) (3 ) :, ;, ( ) (4 ) :
73. (1 ) : (DIC) (2 ): (3 ),, ( ) 1.,,,, 2., ;, ;, 3.,,,, 4.,,
74.,, ( Mallory-Weiss ),,, 6.,,, DIC,,,,,,,, ;, DIC ( ) 1., 2.,, ;,,,
75., ( ) : 1., 1 000 ml,,, 2.,,,,,2448 h 12 d 3.,,,,, 4., 38.5, 35 d, 5., () 1. (1 ) :,
76, (2 ) : ( ),, (3 ):, (4 ) :, (5 ):, (6 ) 2., ;, 3. (1 ):,, (2 )X : (3 ) :,,, (4 ):,
77 5 ): ( ) 1.,,, 2. (1 ),,,, < 500 ml (2 ),, 100 /, 70100 g/ L,, 5001 000 ml (3 ),,, 120 /, < 10.6 kpa(80 mm Hg) 25%, < 70 g/ L,, > 1 500 ml,,, 5 ml ;, 60 ml;, 250300 ml 3.,,, 13 d,,, :, ;,,, ;
78,,, 3 d, 4. (1 ):,, (2 ) : (3 ) :,, (4 ) : (5 ): ( ) 1.,, 2., 3.,, 4. 5. 6. ;,,
79 ( ) 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,, 3.,, 4.,, (),,,,, 1., 30 min ; ;,, ; ; 2., 3 d,,, 48 h,,,,
80 ) 1. H2,,,,,,,,,, 2. ;, ;,, ; 24 h 1530 min,, ;,, 2 ; 48 72 h,, 12 h,,, 30 ml,, 3.,,,, 4.,,,,, (),
81,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1.,,,,, ; 2.,,, 3., (), 4.,,,, ()
82 ( hematochezia),,, ( occult blood),, ;,, ( ), : 1., 50 ml, 2. (1 ) : Meckel
83 2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : 3. (1 ): (2 ) : (3 ) : C K (4 ) :, ( NSAIDS ) ( ) ( ) 1., ( ),,,, 2. (1 ): (2 ) :, 3. C, ; K, 4.,
84., ( NSAIDS ),,,, ( ) 1.,,,, ( tarry stool) 2.,,, 3. ; ; (),,,,,,,
85,, ( ) 1. (1 ):, (2 ):,, (3 ) : (4 ) :, 2.,,, 3. (1 ):,, (2 ) : ;, (3 )X :,
86 4) : (5 ):,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) ( ),, (2 ),, ;,, 2.,, ;, ;,, ;, ;,, ; 3., 5 ml ; 5070 ml 500 ml,, 4., (1 ):
87 2 ):,,,,,, (3 ): (4 ):, (5 ): ( Croh n ) (6 ):,,, (7 ) : 612,, 40,, 5., ( ) 1. 2. 3.,
88. 5., ( ) 1.,,,,,, 2., ( ),,,, 3.,, () (1 ), (2 ), (3 ) (4 ) (5 ),
89 ) 1.,,,, 2.,,,,,, () (1 ), (2 ), (3 ),,,,, (4 ), X, ()
90 (abdominal pain ),,,, ( ) (), 1. (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ) :,,, (4 ) :
91 5 ) : ( ) (6 ) : (7 ): (8 ): 2. (1 ): (2 ): (3 ) :,, (4 ) :,, (5 ):, (6 ) : ( ) 4 : 1. ( ),,,,
92, ;,,, ; 2.,,,, :, ;, ; ; 3.(),,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,
93 ( ),,, 1.,,, (1 ) :,,, ; ; ; ; (2 ) :,,,, (3 ) : ; ;, 2.,, (1 ) :,, ;
94, (2 ) : (3 ) :, ; ; ; ( ), 1.,,,, ;,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, () 1. (1 ) :,,,,
95 2 ) :,, (3 ) :,, ; (4 ) : ; ; (5 ) : ;,,, 2.,, ;, ;,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
96.,, : :,,,,,,,, : : : 3. ( ) ( ),,,, 4., ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, 5. (1 ) :,,
97 ( ),, ; ( ), ; ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,, ( ) 1.,
98.,,,,,, 3. 4., 5.,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,, 2., ;,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,
99 ( ) 1.,,,, 2.,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 3. () 1.,,, ;,, 2.,,, 3.,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,
100, ( ),,, (),,,,,, ( )
101 ( diarrhea),,,,,, 23, 2 ( ) 1., (1 ) :, ; (2 ) : (3 ) : ()
102 4 ) :,, 2.,, (1 ) :,,,,,, (2 ):,, (3 ) :,, ( ),, 1.,,,,,,
103.,, 3.,, VIP 4. 5.,, ( ) 1.,,,, 2., 10, ;,,, 3.,, ;
104 ( ),, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1. (1 ): ;, ;
105, ;, ;, ; ;, ;, ; ;, ;, ;,, ;, (2 ) : :, ;,,, :,,,, ; ;,,,,,, ( ) (3 ):,, 2.,,
106,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1., 23,,, 2, 2. (1 ),,,, ( ),, ;, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,, 3. (1 ), ;, ( ),,
107 (2 ):, ;, ;, (3 ),,,,,, (4 ) ( ),, (5 ) ( ),, (6 ),, (7 ): ( ) ;,, ;,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.,
108 ( ) 1.,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, () 1.,,,, 2.
109,,,, U, ; ( ),,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, ; 2.,,,, 3. ( ),,
110.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ; ;,,,, () 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 4.
111, ;,,, 5 10 g ;, 37 ( ), 3 d,, ; 5.,, ()
112 (jaundice) 1.717.1 mol/ L, 34.2 mol/ L 34.2 mol/ L,, (latent jaundice),,,,,, ( ) 1., 2.,
113.,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,, (),,, 1.,,, ( ),
114.,,,, 3.,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ) (1 ),,,, (2 ), K,,,, (3 ),,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, () 1. (1 ) :
115 2 ) : (3 ) :, (4 ) :, 2.,,,, ;, ( Murphy ) ( ) 1.,,, ( ), > 17.1 mol/ L, < 34.2 mol/ L, > 17.1 mol/ L 2. (1 ) ; :,,, ( + ) ( - ),,, (2 ),, ; :,,,,,,,
116 3 ),, ; :,, ( + ) ( - ), (4 ), 3. (1 ), :, ;, ;,,, () ;,, (2 ):,,,, ; ;,,,, (
117 ( ), ( ), DIC ( ) 1., 2. 3.,,,, 4. () 1.,, 18% 44%,,,, 2., 1 1.5 g/ k g C B ( ),,,
118,,, 3.,, :, ;, ;,, ;, 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,, 6.,,, ( ) (1 ) :, (2 ) : (3 ):, ()
119,,,,, ( ),,,, X CT,, () (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ),, ( )
120, 10 ml, 3 ; 1 ml,,, ( ) 1. 98%,,,,, 2.,, 3., 4. 5.
121 ),, ; ;,,, ; ;, ;,,,, ; (),,,, (),,,,
122 ( ) 1. (1 ):,, (2 ) :,, (3 ) : (4 ):,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ): (6 ):,, ;,,, 2., ;, ; ;
123 ( ) 1., ;, ( ),,, 2. 3, 2% 3., ; ;,,, ;, 4.,,,,, ;,, CT +,
124 ;, ;,,,, ;,, ;, ;, ;, ;,, ; ; ; ( ) 1. 2. (),, 1 000 ml 1 ml,, (),, 10 ml
125, ;,,, 3,, 10 ml, 3040 ml,,, ( ) (1 ), (2 ) (3 ),,,,,,, ; 50,, B,, 3, 1 ( )
126, ;, ; ( ) 1.,,, : (1 ),, (2 ),, :, ;, ;,,,, ; 2.
127 3., ; ;, ;,,, ( ),, ( ),, ;,,, (),,, (), ; ; ;,,,
128 ( ) 1. (1 ),, (2 ) (3 ) : ;,, ; ; ; ;, (4 ) (5 ) 2.,, ; ; ; ; ;, () 1.,,, ;,
129.,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2. (),,,, ;,
130 ( ) (1 ), (2 );,,, ;,, ; (3 ),,,, () (1 ), 3 000 ml,,,,,,,, ;, (2 ),, (3 ),,,, ;, ;, ;
131,, ;,, (4 ),,, (5 ),,,, ( )
132,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, 2., 3.,, 4.,,,
133 ),,,,,, ;,,,, (),,,, ;,,,,,,, () ;,,, ;,,,
134 ( ) 1. (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),, ;,, ;, ; (4 ) :, (5 ) : (6 ), 2.,,,,, () 1.,, ;,
135. 3. (1 ):, ;,, ;, ; ;, (2 ):, ;, ; ( ) 1. 2. 3. (),,,, ;,,,,
136 ) 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 2.,,,, 25 min,,, 13 d, 1530 min, 46 h (),,,, ;, C,, 46 h,,,,
137 ) (1 ),, (2 ),, ;,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,, ;,,,, ( )
138 24 h 1 0002 000 ml,,, 24 h 400 ml, 17 ml, ; 24 h 100 ml, 12 h, ; 24 h 2 500 ml, ( ) 1. 3 (1 ) (2 ) :, ; -, ;, ;, (3 ), 2. (1 ),
139 2 ):, ;, ;, ( ),,,, ( ) ( AD H ),,,,, ;, ;,,, ; -, ADH, ; AD H,, ;,,, () ( )
140 ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, () 1. (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,,, ;, ; ; ; (3 ), (4 ), (5 ) :,
141 0 50 (6 ):, 2., ;,,, ;,,, ( ) 1. 2. (1 ):,,,, 1.020,,,,,,,, B,,, (2 ) :, ;,, 3.
142 1 ) :,, ;,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;,, ;,,, (2 ) :, 5 L,, ;,,, ;, ;,, ;,, ; ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
143 ( ) 1., 24 h,, 2., ;, ;,, 3.,, () 1., ;,, ;,, ; 2.,,, () 1.,,
144.,, ( ) 1.,,,,, ;, ;,,,, ; 2.,, () (1 ),,, (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ) ( )
145 ( headache),,,,,,, ( ), 1. (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ): (4 ) : (5 ) : 2. (1 ) :
146 2 ) : (3 ): (4 ) 3. (1 ) : (2 ): (3 ) : ( ) (4 ) : 4. ( ) : 1. () 2. ( ) 3. (3 2 3 ) 4., 5.,
147 ( ) 1. ( ) ( ) () 2. (1 ):, ;,, ( ), ( ) ( ),,, ( ) (2 ) :, (),,, (3 ) :,,,, (4 ) :, ;
148 ; ;, ( ) 1.,,, 2.,,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,, 5. ; ; ; 6.
149 ( ) 1. (1 ) : ; (2 ): (), (3 ): (4 ) : ( ) 2.,,,, 3. (1 ): (2 )CT MRI: (3 ) : (4 ): (),
150.,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ),,,,, 2.,,,,, 3.,,, ( ), C T MRI,,,,,, ( ) 1.
151., 3. ( ) 1. (1 ) :,,,,,, ; ; (2 ) :,,, 1520,,,,,, (3 ):,,,,, (4 ):, (5 ):,
152, (6 ):,, (7 ) :,,,, 2. (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,,,, () 3.,,,, ( ),,,, 1.,,, 2.,,,,,
153,, ( ) 1.,, 2.,,,,, 3. (1 ) :,,,,,,,,, K,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ):,,, 250 ml 30 min ;, ;, ;,,
154 ) 1.,,,, ( ),,,,,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,, ( )
155 ( vertigo),,, ( ) 1. ( ), ( Meniere) 2.( ) (- ) ( ) 3. ( ) (), 1.
156 B,,, 2. ( ), 3.,, 4., 5.,, 6.-,,, ( ) 1. ( ) ;, ;, 2. ;, ; ;, 3. (), ;,, ; () 1.
157,, 2. ( ),,, 3.,, 4.,,,, 5.,,, ;,, 6. ; ; 7.,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) :
158 (2 ):, (3 ) : (4 ) :, (5 ) :,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 3. (1 ) :, ; (2 ) : (3 ): (4 ) X : (5 ) : - (6 )CT MRI: (7 ) ( ) : ( ),
159. :,,,, ( ) ;, 2.,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, -,, ( ) 1. ( )
160. 3. 4.,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 3., 4., 5.,, () 1. 2. B6,, 3.,, () 1. ( ),,,
161,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3. ( ),,, 4. ( ),, 5. B6 ( ) 1.,,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,, 3. -,,,,,,
162,, 4.,, 2 h,, ( ) 30 min,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )
163 ( ) ( faint, syncope),,, ( ) 1. 2.,, - 3. 4. (),,,,,,
164. 2., () ( ) 3. 4. 5.,,, ( ) 1.( ),,,,, ( ), 2. ( ), ; ( ) ; ( ) 3. ( ), 4., 1 2 min,,, ( )
165. 6. ( ),, 7., 510 ms,, 15 ms, - 8.,, 9., 10.,, 11., 12. ( ) 1. 2. ; 3., () 1.
166 1 ) :,, (2 ):,, (3 ) :,, 2.,,, 3. (1 ) : (2 )CT MRI: (3 ) : (4 ) : ( ),, 1.,, 2.,,,, ;,,,,,
167, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, - ( ) 1. 2. () 1. (1 ):, ;, (2 ) :,, 2. (1 ) :,,
168, (2 ) :,, ( ) 1., 2.,, (),,, (),,,,,,, 1.( ),, 2. ( ), 3. 4., -, ( )
169 ( tie)(convulsion ),,,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : (5 ) : (6 ) : ;, 2. (1 ) :
170 2 ) :, ;, (3 ): - (4 ) : B6 (5 ): (6 ) : 3.,, (, ) ( ),,,,, :, ;, (),, : 1.,,,,,,,,
171, 2. 4 3, 3940,, (15 min), 3.,,,,,,, ; ( ),,, 4.,,,,, 5.,,,,, ;,,,, 12 min,,, 6.,,,,, 1020 min 12 h, ( ) 1., 39 40,,,, 2.,,
172.,, 4.,,, ( ) 1. (1 ) :,,,,,, (2 ):,,, (3 ):, (4 ) : 2.,,,,,, 3. (1 ): (2 )CT MRI: (3 ):
173 4 ) : ( ),, 1., l2,,,,, :,,,,,, 2.,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 4. 6,,,
174,,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. 7., 8.,, () 1. (1 ):, ;,,, (2 ), :
175,, (3 ) :,, (4 ), : (5 ):,, 12 2. (1 ) :, (2 ) :, ( ) 1.,,,,,, 2.,, ; 2, 3.,,,,, () 1. 12,
176 2.,,, 3. (1 ), 1012 mg, < 2 mg/ min, 30 60 min, 30 min 1,,,, (2 )( ) :,, 0.10.3 g, 46 h < 0.5 g,,, ( ) (1 ),,, (2 ),, (3 ), (4 ),, ( )
177 (cousciou sness ),,, ( disturbance of cousciou sness ),, (), ( ) 1. ( ) 2., ;, ;, ; 3.
178. 5. 6. 7. ( ),,,,, () 1. ( somnolence),,,, 2. ( confusion ),, 3. ( stupor ), ( ), 4. (coma), (1 ) :,,,
179 2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,,, ( delirium) ( ), ( ) ( ),, ( ),,, () 1. (1 ) : (2 ): (3 ) : (4 ): (5 ) :
180., :, ;, ( ) 1.:,,,,,,,, 2. : ( Glasgow) ( 22-1 ), 15, 3,, 22-1 / 0 / 0 6 / 0 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 ( ) 3 2 2 ( ) 2 1 1 1 3.
181 1 ) : :,,,,,,, : ( ), (2 ) :,,, 4.,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3.
182. 5. 6., 7., ( ), 0.5 h 1 h 1, 4 h 1, (),,,,, ;,,, ; 2 L/ min, ;,,, 24 h 1,, (),, 1.,,, ;,,
183. 2, 3 %,,,, 3.,, 50%, 4. (),, ( ) 24 h,, ( ) 1. :. :,1997.2029, 2937, 94199 2,.. :, 1988.1 4,8790,119122 3,.. :, 1996. 2129,6372,8190,109134,159189,195206 4.. : 1999.3242 5.. :, 1999.111 6..3. :, 1995. 136152,207249,826841 7,,.. :, 2000.3840 8.. :,1998.1214, 2226,
184 1 34,4142 9.. :,2001.5254 10.. :, 2001.121127,218312,313318,420427 11,..5. :, 2001.21 24, 2830,3642,4348 13.. :,2000.5558,5861 14,,.. :,2001.810 15.. :, 1997.6269,9397,141150 16,.. :,1997.3135 17.. 2. :,2001.283287 18,,.. :,2001.23 19.. 4. :, 1998.17741776 20.. 4. :,1999.43 21..,2001,21: 308