(CIP) /. :, 2002. 8 ISBN 7-5317-1557-0.... F329. 935 CIP ( 2002) 046880 Heilongji ng Kenqu F zh n Ji nshi / / / / / 105 / http:/ / www.bfwy.com / 150020 / bfwy@bfwy.com / / 850 1168 1/ 32 / 8 / 2 / 180 / 2002 8 1 / 2002 8 1 / ISBN 7-5317-1557-0/ G 138 / 9.00
1 1 1 1 4 6 9 10 11 12 14 ( 1947 1955 ) 14 14 15 16 16 1
0 20 21 32 32 34 38 44 44 48 51 54 59 2 61 ( 1956 1966 ) 61 61 64 65 66 66 68 69, 71, 71
2, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79 79 81 82 84 90 91 93 96 96 97 101 109 113 117 ( 1967 1978 ) 117 117 119 3
20 121 122 122 123 127 129, 131 131 134 135 139 139 139 142 145 146 149 150 150 151 152 154 157 163 4
169 ( 1979 2000 ) 169 169 171 173 177 179 179 182 100 183 185 187 188 193 196 196 201 100 203, 204 206 207 209 209 5
10 217 224 228, 239 6
,,,,, 50,, 9 103 ( ), 123 40 134 40, 44 10 50 20,,, ( 1 ) :,,, 600 1 000 1
( 2 ) :,,, 400 1 000,, (3 ) :, 150 200, ( 4 ) :, 40 90, ( 5 ) :, 60 80,,, 2.6-3.5 7, 19 21, 34.5 39 1, - 15-30, - 48.6 110 145 10 2100 2700 300 650 100 120 /, 6 9 50 55 /,, 2
, 4 000,, 1 400,, 939 831,,,,,,,, 890, 300, 1 370,, 4 380, 1/ 3, 1 080 15 299, 150, 3
1 ) 1 400 ( 2 ), 2 102 ( 3 ), 1 407 ( 4 ), 1 731 ( 5) 1 398 54 ( ), 5.62, 12.5%, 205, 81.4, 32.9, 28,,,, 34 %,, ;, ;,,,, 4
, ( ) 16, 33 89,,, 130,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 5
1.,,? 2.,,?,, 21! 3.,??,, 2, ( 23 ),,, 2 1991,,, 1, 6
971 ( ) 132, 10, 2000, 6000, 1981, 2000,, 154, 6 6300, 100,,, : 10,,, 500,,,,,,, 1973,, 1974, 7
1978,,,,, 2000, 1973 6, 500,, 1460, 500, 7,,, 12, 300,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15,, 37.3, 8.4, 5.9 :,,,, 8
,,?,,,,,,,, ( 1644 ), ( 1667 ),, 100,,,,,,, ( 1669 ) ( 1857 ) 188,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 18, 20 19 50,,, 9
) ( 1858 ),,,,, ( ) ( 1897 ) ( 1903 6 ), 65 000,,, 1904 1905,, ( 1907 ) 5 200,,, ( 1887 ) 25, 1929 370,,,,, 7 600, 2 900, 10 500 20 20, 10
,,,, 20,,,,,,, 1912 1927,,,, ( 1925 1927 ),, 1931, 1932 1937, 20 500,, 1945, 20%, 10, 30, 1 131,, 200, 23, 1939, 1942 44,,,, 1945 8, 5 850, 11
,,,,,, ( ), 15, 5,, 1945, 1947 1948 1948, 4, 5 000 7 12,,,,,,,, 1947 2 10, 1 107,, 1948 11 15 25 12
0, 12 000,, 1947 1948, 69 000, 5 100, 19 000, 8 200 : 1., 2.,? 3.?! 13
(1947 1955 ),?,,? 1945,, :,, 1946,,,,,,, 1947,,, : 14
,, 6,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,, 1940,,,,, 1947 6,, 15
,,, : 1., 2.,? 1947 1955 1947,,,,,,,, 1947 1949 16
, :, 1949 2,, 80, 12 8,, 3, 40,, ( ), 7 4, 1951, 1953,, 1947 ( ),, 1949 4 1, 10, 1100, 11,, 17
,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 4000, 1.4 9 18,,,,, ( 3 450 ) ( 11 000 ),,,, 1947, 18
) 1948,, 1947 3,,,, 1948 3,, 1950 10, 1951 2 10,,,, 1952 ( ),, 1947 9,,,, 1948 1,, 1949 9, ( ),, 1948 5, ; 8 ; 1949 5,, ; 1948, ; 5,,, 43 19
, 1949 60, 18, 48,,,,,, 1949,, 4 ( 1950 ),,, 6,, 99,, 1951 8,,, 1950 1952,, : ; ; 20
1953 1955, 1954,, ( 30 ),, 2 282 ( ) 10 12 12 7,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6,,, 1955 1954 11 5, 49,, 21
0,, 1955 2,, 4 16, : 46 40 47 15, 131 15 133,, 60,,,, 34, 23.5, 49 :, ; 13 ; 11, 307 000 ; 5, 41 000 ; 3, 25 000 ; 1, 15 000 1954 12 21, 1955 5 2, 50, 6 9 39.3, 7 5.27, 361, 12 000, 1956, 21,, 12, 430 22
0 20, 37,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1952 3,,, 1954 8, 23
,,, 3 3.5 : 8 21,, 1954 9,,, 300,,,,,, 12 28,, 72, 23 1955 1 3, 500,, 23 1955 4,, : 8300,,,, 24
,,,,, 1955 6,,,,,,, 3, 15 80,,,, 9,, 10 5 :,, 10,,,, ; 10 1,,,,, 25
954 3,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 9,,,, :,,,,, 1934,,, 28, ( 20 ),,,, 8,,,,, 26
9,, 5 074 ( 200 ), 800,, 11 11,, 1955, 14.4,, 5,, 1,, 8 14,, 3,, 1 000 :, 3 000 4 000, 1955 1957 1, 1960 1 000, : :,,,,, 27
, ; ; ;,,, 1956 2,,,, 6,, 1956,, 1956 6 29,, 1.74,, ( ) 12,, 12 1957, 28
,,,,,,,,,,, 1957, 2.28, 6.7, 960, 260, 107.6, 6 275, 32, 200, 240, 72 ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;, 29
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1950 1960 10, 38, 3 ( 2, 1 ) 1955 1950 8,,, 1950 8 1965, 14 000 1951 3,, ( 1948, 1950 ) 5.8, 1953,,,, 30
1954,, 3 15,, ( ) 1955 8 1956 4,,,, 1955,,,, 23, 38 60 %, 100, 80 %,, 1957,, 1955 ( ),,, 31
,, : 1.,? 2. 3., 1947 1955, 54 ( ), 336.8, 2.9 1947 1949 15,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,,, 32
,,,, (, ),, 1949 4 1955,,,,,,, 1949,,,,, 20 50,,,,,,,, 50,, 80, 60,,,,,,,, 33
1952 9,,,,,,, 1.,, 60,,, 1949 7,,, : 1951 12,,,,, 8, 1952 3, 1952 9,,,, 34
,, 1953 12,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 1954 12,, 1954 1955 2. 1947, 50,,, 1951,,,,,,, 3.,,, 50 1950,,, 35
1952,,, 1956,, 4. ( 1 ),, 1949 2,,,,, 1950, 1952, :, :,, 1953,,,,, ( 2 ),,,, 1949, ( ), 36
,, 1951, ( ), 1952,,,, 1953,, 1954 11, ( ),, 1955,,,, ;, ( 3 ),,,,,,, 1947 1948, 1 2 1,, 200 1 000 ( 2 10 ) 1949 320 380, 120 150, : 0.5, 37
.1, 0.02, 0.02, 2.5 ( 4 ) 50,,, 1950,, 1951,,,,, 1.,, ( ) 1941 1943,,,,, 14 38
120, 380,,, 1947,, 11 14 ( ),,, 1953 7,,,, :, 1949, 1950, 1951,,, 1954, 1948 1950 ( ),, 1954 39
,,, 1947 11, ( ),, 70, 40, 3, 400 1948 2, 170, 137, 1948,, 70,,, 1950,,,, 1949,, 1951 10 1952 5, 40 2.,
;,,,,, 1946 1947,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,, 1946,,,,,,,, 1952, - 54,, 1955,,, 41
3.,,, 1949 11.9, 16.3 75 1949,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,, 42
,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1950,,,,, : 1.,?,? 2., 43
.,, ( ) 1948,, 1949, 1955 3, ( ), 1920 1931, 1931 1, 1936 6,,,,, ( ),, 44
,, 1954, ( ),,,, 1947 ( ), 1949 3 ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),,,,,,, 45
,,,,,,, 1944, 1949,, 1951, 20, 8 1950, 1954 1950,,, ;,,,,,,,, 46
,, ( ), 1949, 1950 13,,,,, 45,,, 10, 22 560, 1949, 17,,,,, 467 1950, 1955,, 47
5,, ( ) 1949, 1950, 1951,,, :,,,, 1952 3,, 1953,,,, 80 %,,,, 50,, 1947 11, ( ),,, 48
,,,, 1953 3, 1948 3,, 70,, 170 1950 3, 373,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1951, ( 26 ), 1 4, 1 ; 1953,, 30, 1,, 49
), 1,,,, 1948, ( ) ( ) 8, 19 15, 2 1,, 150, 8 1948, 40, 1951, 1949, ( ) ( ), 1955 6,,, 7, 1950, 39,, 50
950 1954,,,, 1952, 1952, 1 020, 28, 73,,,, 1953 1954,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 51
,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,, 1947,,,,,,, :,,, 40 50 1947,,,, 52
,,,,,,,,, 1948,, 1949, 40,, 50,,,,,, 1955 55, 166, 21, 670, 97, 705,, 53
,,,,, 1949,,,, 1950 8,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,, 54
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 3000,,, 1945,,,,,, 55
947,,,, ( ),,,,, 225,,,, 24, 3.6, 14, 1 332, 0.1, - 80,,,,, 1 915, 0.9,, 1950 9, 1951 1952, 1948 5,, 17,, 56
,,,,,,,,, 3 400, 1 950 1950 1,, 6 3,,, 6, 8 21,, 1952,,, 24,,,,,, 1950 3, 14,,,,,,,,,,, 1954,,,, 120, 1955 57
,,, 1949 10,,,, 1938,,,,, :,,,!,,,,, ;,, ;,, 1954,,,,,,,,,, 1955 8 16, 5, 58
,!,!,,,! 10, 19 16 2 000, 8 30,,,,,, 61 40,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,, 59
953,,,, 4 6, 30 35 30, 15,,, 1955,,,,,,,,,,, : 1.,, 2.,,, 60
(1956 1966 ) 20 50,,, 1956 5,, 1958 1 24, 3 20,,,,,,, 1958 3 5,, 61
4,,, ( 1956 6 ),,,,,,, 81 500, 60 000, 17 000 4 27, 4 500,, 8 6, 1 200 7 2 2,,,,, 1 200 391, 11 62 8,,
, ( ), 1958 4, 4,,,,,, :, 762, 443, 1 272, 2 477,, 11,,,,,, 6, 2.25, 1 000, 1 500, 1.5, 4 500, 490, 4 1 400 1958 8,, 9, 1958 10,,, 1959, 63
963 1,, : ( ) ( ), 1955, 5,,,,,,, 10 27 30, 104 11 5, 52 11 8 12, 100 1956, 14 2 567,, 1956,,,, 6,,,, :,,, 64 1956 3,
1957 2,,,, 1985 8 1958 6,,,, 1959 6, 5.5,,,,, 6, 3.6 20,, 20%,,, 1956 1960, ( ),,,,, 1966,,,,,,,,, 65
,, 1968 1972, ; ( ) 27, 1976,, : 1. 1947 1958,?? 2., : 1956 6,,, ( ) 1958 4,, 9,,,, 7, ( ), 66
;, ( ),, 1958,, ( ) ( ),,, ( ),, ;,,,,,, ; ( ) ;,,,,, ( ) 1961, 1962,, 8 14,,, ( ), 67
,, 1962 11, ( ),, :, ;, ;, ; ( ), ( ) 1962,,,, 56 ( 23, 33 ), ;, 67,, 1963,,, 1963,, 1 1,,,, 68 1958,
,,, 1962,, ; ;, 26, 53,,,,,,, 1964,, 1956,,,,,,,,,, 1958 2, ( ),,,,,, 69
, 1959, 1960,, 1961, 1 ( ), 38, 260, 41 % 1961,,,, ;,, 1964 9 8,, : ( ),,,,, 1963 1967,,, 1967 1962 1.16, 16.66 % ; 2.46, 28.2% 1 1962, 1966 1967,, 1967 5 719 70
,,,,, 1963, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ; 71
963 10 29 30, ( 1963 1970 ), 100,,, : 1 305, 1965, 1966,,, 1963 2,,, 3/ 5,,,,, : 1 200 900, 3 750, 100 ( 70, 30 ),, 1967 72
,,,,, 50,,,,,, 60,,, 1963 549, 20 % ; 156, 15% ; 90, 70% 1959,, - 54,, 1967 5 607, 1 529, 3 548, 43 380 ( ) 7.74 239, 31,,,, 73
,,, 1965, ( ), 60,, 1954, 1955 1965, 22 966, 24.9, 0.67, 2.88, 2.17, 9 43, 1956, :, ; ; ; 1964,,,,,, 50 1959,,, 57 600 1961 74
,, 1962 1963,,,,, 1958 4 18,,,,,,, 1.,, 1956,,,, 1958 1,,, 2. 75
,,,,, 1958,,, 3.,, 1953 1957,,,,,,,,, 1960,, 105,,, 1956,, 1 250 76
958,,, 1959 5 1962,,,, :,,,,,,,, 1956, 1962, 1965,,,,,,,, 77
0 60, 1962,,,,,, 1958,,, 144.7, 1960, 41.1 1960, 800, 1958, 50 12,,, 1963,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1964,,, 78
1.,,? 2.,,? 3.,?, 1958,,, ( ) 286.9, 7.9, 28.7, 6.2, 394, 1 495 1957 33%, 124 %, 205%, 197% ( 1958 1960 ),,,,,, ;,, 79
1960,, 1961,,, 177.3, 62% ; 18, 63%,,, 1965 1961 1965,,, 1957 2,,,, 1958,,,, 1960,,,,, 1960 10 4,, 2,,,,, 80
961,, 1963 : 5, 1962, 1963 3,,,,,, 1961, ; ;,,,, ;,,,, 60%, 10%, 30 %,, 40 %, 20 %, 40%,, ;, 81
,, ;, 1962,, 1963 1 %, 0.5%,, 1966, 1. 1958,,,,,,,, 1961, :,, ;,,, 1962,,,,, 1963, ( ),,,, 7, 82
2., 1958,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1963 3,,, 1963 11,,,, 1965 11,, ( ) 1966, 3. 1961 1965,,, 6,, 83
956,, 32, 5 ;, 33, 5.60 1963, 32,, 80 %,, ; 20%,, 1967 4. 1956 6, 1959,,,,,,,,, 1958,,,,, 1961,, 1963,,, 1963,, 1964,,, 84
1954 12,,,,,,, 1958,, 1961 12,,,,, :, 1964 9 8, ( ), 1965 4 6 ( ),,,,,, 1958, 1. 60,,, 1964 5 85
1965 ( ) 12, 1966 6, 1959,, 1965, 20, 1 500 1961,,, 1962, 1963,, 1959,,, 210 1958 11,, 50 1960, 1961 1960,,,,,,, 60,, 2. 1958,, ( ),,, 86
,,, ( ) 1959, 34 663,,, 1960,,,,, 1962, 1959 32.5 %, 78.5% 1963,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 1956,, 23, 33. 85, 56.5 % 1958,,,, 820.3 1959, 87
10, 500, 5 132, 1961 1959 7.8 % 1962,,,,,, 1953, 1957 4.,,,,, 1958,,,,,, 1963 12, :,,,,,,,, 1952, 88
, 1953, 1955,, 1962, 4.5, 64.6%,,,,,, 1955, 60 1958,, 140, ( ) 1950, 1952 ( ) 30 1953, 60, 1964 5 000, 10 1956, 390, 1956, 1958 14 1965, 200,, 400 60,,, 89
, 1 2, 123,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1956 11, 4, 1958 6, 1958 6,,,, 1958, 17, 50, 100 1963,, 90
1964 5 1953,,,,,,,, 1955,, ;, 1959,,,,,,,,, 1963 1965,,,,,, 91
1964 9 8,, : 1., 2. 18 45,, 3.,,,,,,, 4.,,,, 5.,, 1965 2 25, ( ),,, 92
,,, 1959,, 637.5, 856.9 ( ) 1960,,, 24.2% ; 17 ; 6 541, 1959 30 %,,,,,, 1960, 1960 11,,, 1961, 93
,, 1961 12 14 24,,,,,,,, 1962, 1962 1967,,,,,, 1967, 102, 1962 15 % ; 2 157, 1962 19% ; 103.8, 1962 29% ; 35.5, 1962 58% ; 60 925 ( ), 1962 1.32 ; 94
6 611.8, 50,, 1967 1962, 5 569 589, 45%, 18 009 599 ; 5 759 254, 53 %, 16 600 922 8.5 %, 9 %,,,,,, 1962 1967, 62 %, 4, 11, 32.5, 5 336.8, 6 949 : 1.,,,,? 2.,, 3.,?? 95
, ( ) ( ), 1956 5,,, 1957,,,, 1962 1964 1965, 1963, 1965 1965,,, 50 96
0,, 50 1954 12, 1955 1,,, 3,,,,,,, 1956 1959,,,, 1955 3 1966 3,,, 21, 500, 37.8%,,,, 97
, 80% 1958,, 9,,, 1959 1960,,, 50 %, 1960 30 % 7 % 729, 2 446 1960,, 1963, 1966,,,,,, 60,,,,, 1957,,,,, 98
1958 11,,, 1963,,,,,,, 1960 1963,,, 1964, 1959 5,, 1965 7 12,, ( ),,, 1963,,, 1958 7 19,,,, 1959 6, 99
,, 1955 1959,, 1955 6, 200 7, 1957 9, 10,,,, 1958,, 3000,,, 1959, 47, 34, 36, 2 657, 2 232, ( ) ( ),, 1957 100
1958,, 1958,,, 1960 1962,,, 1962,, 1963 1,,,,,,, 1966,,,,, 1965,,, 11,,,,, 20 50 60, 101
,,, ;,, ;,, ( 1956 1966 ) 1956,, 1958,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 102
,,,, 1962 ( 1930 1993 ),,, 1949 5,, 1958, ( ), 1956 1958,,, ;,,,,,,,, 60,, 1964,, 103
926,,, 1947, 1951 1958 3,,, 11 60,,,, 1964,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1904 1986 ), 1957 1958 7, 12,,,,,, 104
986 3 4, 82,,,, 1958, 1962, 1966,,,, :,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,, :,! / ;/,! / 105
7, :,,/,/ / ;/,,/,/ ( 1919 1976 ),, 1937 ( 1903 1986 ), ( 1958 1961 ) 50,, 1982,,,, :,,,, 1958,,,,, 1961,, 1961 12, 20 50,, 106
,, 1958 3,, 5,,,,, 6,, 1958 11 :,,,,,, 20 60,,,, 1950, 1958 1960 5 25,,, 107
,,,,, :,, 1959 1 15 ;, 1959 6 1 ;, 1959 11 ;, 1963 ;, 1960 3 1 ;, 1961 ;, 1960, 1985 8,, :, :, 1958 6,, 7 20,,,, 1959,, 108
,, ( ) 1963,,,,,,,,,, 1958,,, 1956 4,,,,, 5 10 2000 120,,, 48,,,,, 80, 109
,, 5 9 48 5 10,,, 1957,,,, 1935,, 114, 1500 10, 1958 7 25 45,, 36,, 1962,,,,, 11 292,, 1966,, 1958,,, 110
,,,,, 1958, 1 488 100 1 000, 3 475, 20,,, 360, 1958 4 10,, 8, 100,,,, 2,,,,,,, 1960,, 22.5 7.25, 5.5,, 1960 12 1961 3, 23 790, 258 111
,,,,,, 7.5,, 20,, 300,, ( ) 31.5,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 112
, 1956,,,,, 24 398, 1958,,, 3 5, 1963,,,,,, 1967 1958,,, 1950,,,,, 1959,, ( ), 41, 113
3,,,,, 800, 1960,, 1961, 1964,, 1954, 60,,,,,,, 500 ; 1 000 1 500,, 1961, 1 000,,,,, 114
,,, 3, 1960 1966, 1000 1957 ( 1966 ),,,,,,, 1960 29 1958, 2 2,,,,,,, 400 2 5, 1963 26, 4 1963,,, 1959, 2,,,, 1963, 115
1.,,? 2.?? 3.,,, 116
(1967 1978 ) 1966 5 1976 10, 1968,,, 1965,, 1966, 1966 3, 10 769 ( 66 3, 511 ) 29,, 9 24 94 1968 6 18,, 117
968 7 1,,,, ( ),,,,, 93, 5, 58, 76, 1 300, 25.5, 1 280 : 20, 7 ; 11, 10 ; 17, 15 ; 14, 12 ; 22, 12 6 3 3, 1969,,,, 6 ( ), 4, :,,,, 118
( ) ( ),,, 1973,,,,, 1968, 3,, :,,,, 1969,,, 1969, 18, 1968 3, 21 1972, 3 45, 30, 15 1963 10, 1976, 54, 119
,,, 1969 1972, ( ), 3 800, 3 051, 80%,,, ( ) 1958, 1962,, 1968, ( ),, 15, 5,, 15,,, 31,,,, 120
972 3, ( ),,,, 46 ;, 32, (, ),,,, 1975,, 11,,,,,,, ( 1975 ) 347 1976 2 25,,, 153, ( ),,, 121
,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,?,, 1967 1966 1967, 1967 5 719,,, 1968 122
20,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( 200 ) ( 250 ) ( 400 ), ( 1962, 1958 ) 1969 1973, 5 5.37, 1.07 1973, 32 407, 64.3 1976,,,,, ( ), ( ),, 123
0, 1964 9 8 ( ) 1965 2 25 ( ) ( ),,, 3000,,,, 1968,,,,,,,, ( ) 77, 29, ( ) ( ;,, 124
) 1973,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), 1959,,,,,,, 32 26 28.5,,, 125
1968 12, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1970,,,, 2, 3 (,, ),, :,,,,,,,,,,, 2 3,,,,, ;,, 126
,,,,,,,,,,, 1971 60 6% 12.9 %, 30 %,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,,,, 50, 127
, 60,,,,, 1969 3,,,, 1970 7, ( ),, 8 1,, 7.7, 15 20, 150,,,,,,,,,,, 128
,,,,,,, 1968 :,,,, 2,,, 1966 1967, 1970, 5.7, 22% 1972, 80, 60 %,,,,,,,,,, 1967 129
965 1966, 121, 8 700, 1968, 1.3, 1968,,,, 1968 1 347,, 5.37, 1,,, 1969 47.5, 11 300,,,, 1973 9 26, 10 4, 10 6, :,,,?,, 130
,, :, 1966 5 1976 10,, 1978,, 1971,,, 5000,,,, 1972 1973,,,,,,, 131
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1972, 7 7, 43, 60,,, 20,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1971, 1973 126.15,, 233, 26 ( ),, 1965, 132
, 14 1971 1972 200, 1973,, 189, 136, 10, 140,,,,, 1972,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1971,,, 1972 11,,, 4,, 133
,,,,,, 1968,,,, ( ),, 1974 2 :,,, 1 2, 1972,, 3, 3,,, ( 32 ), 1971, 1972 ( ),, 134
,,,,,,,, 1972, 1971, 1971, 10, 8, 2,, 20, 1973,, 430, 25 %, 1972,,,, 1974,, 860, 48 %, 1973,,, 1975,,,,,, 135
,, :,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1974, 1976 9 1980,,, 735, 28.6 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 136
(, ) (, ), 1978 11,,, 1976,,,, ;,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 137
,, 1978 1980, 2.8, 1/ 4 4 900, 4 800, 1 096, 20 000 ( ),,,,, 94 % (,,, ), 1978 5 30 6 3,, 1978 7,,, 1978,, 30,, 138
1.,,,, 2.,, 20 70, 1972,,, :,,,,,, 1 750, 800, 20 %,,,,, 139
,,,,,,,, 1968,, 1973,,, 1973,,,,, 1974, 1973 9.3, 15.75, 97.5, 1973 33.55 ;, 1973 2.35, 7. 35, 1974, 47 451.5, 1973 21 165.8, 86.7 % ; 1973 6.2, 1975,, 3 29,,,,,, 1975 140
24.9, 108, 13,,, 1 670, 115.85 10, 10.65 1968 1976,, 1 384.9 1 915.2, 38.3% 1968,, 98, 1975 10, 342, 5 876 9 388, 3 333 4 621, 1 685 3 450, 57.5% 38.6% 105 % ; 1968 4.72, 1975 10.07, 113.4% 1968 39.11, 1975 58.87, 50.5% 1972 1975,, 130, 1972 50.5 1975 88, 74% ; 27 700, 55 829, 101 % ; 3 091.5, 23 627.5, 6.5, 15.5, 4.6, 1972 12 752, 1975 5 171 141
60 % 15 875 26 835, 69 %, 74 % 1976,,, 1976 1980 ( ) 1976 12,,,,,, 1976 1978, 1975, 2.4,, 1975, 1975 1979 1980,,,,,,,,,,, 1969 142
1970, 1971, 70,,,,,, 1975 60,,, 1968 1975,, 13 665 38 100,, 12, 2,,, 3,,,, 1968 29 %, 1975 37.8%,, 70%,,,,, 143
3.9,,, 60 %,,,,,,,,,,, 1975 15 875, 11 751, 74 %, 4 124, 26 %, 90 %, 1976 4,, 8,,,, 1976 1978,,,, 8,,,,, 1976 8 144
),,,,,,,,,, 1979,,,,,,, 267,, 4 503, 1977 8, 120, 177, 300,,,, 510, 80, 145
,,,,, 1973, 240, 125, 25, 3 500 16.5, 1974 3,, 10,,, 1975,, 1977,, 7 1977 7 1, 56, 5 000, 300, 60,,,,, 650, 9, 1979,,, 1 644, 4 000 1980, 1985 10,, 146
, 1977 8 12 18 20,, 1977 12 12 1978 1 25,,,,, 14,, ( ) ;, (,, ) ; ; ( ), ( ),, 147
,,,,,, 1978 2,, 1978 1980 ( 1978 ) 1, ( 60, 30, 10 ),, 1976 10,,,,,, 3 26, 21 45,, 27, 19 148
,,,,,,,, 1976 10 1976 1978,,,,,,,,, 4.8%, 1978 14, 1975 15.2%, 23.5, 1975 98 %, 44 %, 1975 9.7 %,,, 9 200 2. 75, 1978 1975 1.65 149
, : 1.? 2.,,,,, 100,,,,,,, 8, 2 000,,, 6 000, 150
,, 11 000, 95 %,,, 1 400, 1975 2.16 700 1968 1975,,,,,,, 1970 11, 1971 ;,,, ; ; ; ; 1972, ( ),, 1975 1957 151
1964 1974 1978 1980 1957 1,, 1974 4, 1976,, 1976, 1976,,, 11, 153,,, 50 60,,,,,, 1978, 5 ID 70 IKD 100 4 W 2 4YL 2 ( ) ( ) 4LQ 2.5 ( ) 10 1978 1, 92 ; 152
4, 43 ; 16,,,,,,, 1971 1,,,,,, 1973 4,, 9,,,,,,, 1969, 1978 ;, 1965 7, 1978 8 15 ;, 1960, 1975,, 1976, 1978 1978 7, ; 8, ; 9, 50 60, 153
1972,, 1976,,,,,,, 1972,,,,, (,,, ),,, :,,,,, 1976, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 70,,,,,,,, 154
, 1968,,, 1969,, 500, 570, 6 1969, 400 ;, 400 ; 1973, 500 ;, 400 ;, 400 ; 1970, 300 0.95, 1975, 74, 2 532 6, 1970 1972 1975, 6,, ;,, 1975, 7 712, 5. 9 ; 16 437, 12.6, 1.46 ; 40% 1972,, 155
, 1 2, 1975, 2 ( ), 380, 320 ; 1, 97, 140 ; 72 ( 50 1 708 ), 2 939 ; 827, 82, 3 410 1976 2,,,,, 6 1978 4,, 1980,,,,,, 70,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 156
, 60,,,,,,,,, 54,, 6 60,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 157
, 1929,, 1951 1,, 1958 3 60 : 1963,,,,,,, 1976 10,, 1975 9,,,, 1973,, 158
,,,, 20 70,,,,,, 1950, 1969 1977, 1979,,,,,,,,, 1973 49 60 70,,,, 1971 1976, 6, 200, 50, 159
0, 10,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ),,, :,, ;,,,,,, ( 1938 5 ), 1958,, 1971, 1978 9, 160
6, 500, 600,, 1979 1991 13, 480, 600, 13,, 200 20,,,,,,, ( 1950 12 ),, 1968 9 15, ( ) 1976 1970,,, ( ),,,, 1976, 1984, 1985, 1987,, 161
,,,,,,,,,,, 1968,,,,, 1972,, 26 1975, 8, 45,, 333, 162
,, 1974,,,,,,, 1969 5,,,, 235 140,,,, 6 800,, 7, 11,, 4,,,,,,, 163
,,,,,, 4, 7, 297, 5 324,, 1971, ( ), 1958 43 1 200 80 ( 1.3 ) 391,,, 8.4, 900 2 700,,,,,,, 1970, 12,,,, 20, 5 000,,,,,,,,,, 164
1973, 11.5 1973 4 18,, 60%,,, 120,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1975,,,, :,? 1975 4 2,, : 165
, 17,, 1972,,,,,,, 34, 1989 3 30,, :, 5,!! 1970 (, 3 800, 3 051 ),,,,, :,,,,,,,, 14 166
970, ( ),,, 14 14, 13 22, 17 20 1990 11 25,, 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 167
, 1966,,, 1972,,,,, 1974 1978, 5, 226.6,,,,,! : 1.? 2.,? 168
(1979 2000 ) 1978 12,,, 20,,, 1978 12, 1976 10,,,, 1979 4,, 169
979 5,, ( ),,,,,,,,, :,,, ( ), ( ),,,,, 1979 9,, 5,, :,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,, 170
,, 9,, 1976 2 25,,,, 11, 147, 14 959 20,,, 1996, 1979 9,,, 27, 6 785.7, 1981, 1984 9,, 16, 1985 12, 16 1985,, 1980 5,,, 171
984,,, 1995 11 24, 1998 7 1,,,,, 1990 7 17,,, 1991,,,,,,,, 1997 1 1, 1997 1 1 2000 172
28 3 41, 36,, 21 20,,,,,,,, 1979, 1979 4, 5,, ( ) ( ),,, 9,,,, 2 800,, 1980 3,, 173
,,,,,, 1981 3,,, 5,,,,,,,,, 1982 12, ( ), :,,,,,, 1983 9, ( ),,,,,,,, 174 1984 1,
,,,, 6,,, 12,,,,, 1985 12, ( ) ( ),,,,,,, 1986 9 :, ;, 1986 10 : 175
, ; ; ; ;, 1991 5, : 50 ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,, 176
,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, 2000 ; ; 2010, 2, 100, 50, 8 800,,,, 50,, 60,,, ( ) 177
,, 1979 2,,,, 12,,, 1980 3,, 1969 10,,, 1979 8,,,,,,,,, 1980 8,,,, 11,,,, 178
981 10,,,, ; 1982 1, ( ),,,, : 1., 2., 1977,,,, 1955,,, 179
,,,,, 1974 1976 200, 1977 63, 6 950, 42.5 % 1978, 70, 62 ( ), 7 ( 954 ), 3 ( 320 ), 9, 20, 7, 2, 12 1980 7, 420.6, 357.2,,, 6,, 1978 1, 1977 14 730 18 540, 326 55 ( 20 ),, 1979,, 25 000, 39 180
20 ), 1980,, 24 630 1978 1980,,,,,,,,,,, 1978, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 181
,, 1980,,, 1978 1985, 168.20, 16.67, 9.08% : 92 250, 211 595, 33 987, 77 333 505, 1 158 1979 9, 30,, 1980 1 19,,, 1 350, 1981 11 1986 4, 6, 1 1.4,, 30 100 182
980 3 7, 10,, 13 10 545 ( ), 1 126.4 10,, 11 7, 1 000,,, 1980 5, 26, 8 000, 320, 30.1 1980 1985,,,, 6 76 144, 26 223, 49 593, 703.5, 1 264.4,, 561.9,,,,,, 95% 1999 3 708, 1 220, 682, 127 574, 9 655, 183
, 100,, 6 :,,, 100 :,,, ; : 2 000, 5 000, 1 000, ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,, 1 000, 290,, 184
1978 4 1978 1980 18.5, 57, 13, 44, 710 ( ), 90 % 2 324, 74.3%, 578.4, ;, ;,, 300,, :,,,,,,,,, 1983 5 20, 1983 8 3, 6 185
, 300,, 37.5, 25 30 4.56, 1.63, ( ) 3 500, ( ) 4 500 20, 50 2.6 6 536, 614, 19, 266, 2 341, 852, 1 324, 446, 442, 48.5, 27.8, 2 600 ( ) 453, 200, 200, 1 686 ( ), 22, 3, 2, 60, 5, 1,, 15, 3, 15, 35 300, 67, 2 ( ), 20 ( 1, 19 ), 45 ( 3, 42 ), 7, 24 914, 10 429, 8 270, 79.3 % 186
1984 4,, 1988, 1984 8, 1988 1983 1988,,, 75.3, 53, 70.4%, 3 526,,,,,, :,,,? 187
1992 10 : :,,, ;,,, ;,,,, 80 90,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, 1978 188
; ;, ;, 1979 2,,, 1979,,,,, ( ) 1980, 1%, 0.5%,,, 1981,,,, 1980 9,,,, 1981,,,,, ( 189
( ), 37, 37, ; 37 80 %, 20 %,,,, 1982 1,,, 1982 2 24,,,,,, ;,,,,, 100, 1983 58.2, 95%,,, 190
, 1.3, 2 951, 18, 18.5% ; 14, 14.4 % ; 65, 67.1 %,, 15, 1982 2 000, 1983 1 000 ; 14, 1982 800, 1983 2 500, 6,,,,,,,,, 1984 1, :,,, 1984, 31 467, 37 112, 137 640, 59 932, 10 % 1985,, 13.6, 215 000, 70 %, 130, 191
,,,, ( 15 ),,,,,,,, 30 % 70 %,,,,,,, :,,,, 1985,,,,,,,, 1985 102, 44% ; 38.1 192
13% ; 412, 13.8%, 1985 4 000 1985 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995,,,,, 1998 3,,,,,, 193
, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,, 194
,,, 2000 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 195
,,,,, :,,, 1945 12 28,,,, 1949 12 5 1950 :,,,,,, 196
950 9 26 1952 2 :,,, 1959 9 27 1958,, 1983 8 7,,, 6 40, ( ), 275, 18,,,,, 197
2000 :? :, 1 000, 4 000 90, 200, 75, 50 :,,,,,!,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,? : 53, 52, 46 :,,,,, 198
0 8 50,, 17, 2000 8, 2000 8 22 23, 22 3 48, ( ) 20, 551, 333, 35, : 131? : 9? :,,,, : 863, 4 20, 18,,,,, 49, 51 199
220.5, 82.05, 18 :,,,,!,,,, 8 23 9 20,,,, 10 05,,,,,,, :, 12 600 90,, :!, 10 40,, 3 200
,,,,,!,!,,,,, 21 :,,,,, 10,,,,, ( ),,,,, 201
:,,,,,,,, 2010,, : 2010 432, 11.5 %, 2.7 ( 3 265 ), 1, : 2001 2003,,,, 2003 194, 10. 1 %, 1.22 2004 2005 202
, 2005 243, 11. 9 %, 1.5 2006 2010,,, 2010 432, 12.2%, 2.7 103 90% 100 1972, 1990 8 9 18, (1990) 85,, 100 10 7 30, : 100 12 14, 100, : 100, 203
100 100 : 2000,, 3 250 205, 400, 135, 200, 715, 540 : 2 452, 450 : 408 000 3, 241 900, 121 700, 36 400, 108 000, 130 000, 65 000, 5 (1991 1995 ), 10 81 600 1995 71.7% 1999 90.55, 50 1999 75, 2000 204
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 205
10, ; ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,, ;,,,,,, +,,,,,,,, 1989,,,, 206
), 60 7 10, ( 18 22 ) 22% ; 90 53% 56 %,, 10 ( ) 1991 46 1999 90.5 1990 1.5 1999 3 17 2000 6 12,,,,,,,,,,, 1999, 539.14, 204.67, 207
8.70, 32.9, 81.39 158, 32, 47 527 69.9, 55.7, 4 722, 3 216 103, 2 318, 21, 581, 227, 57, 502, 124, 612, 5 136.6 905.3 30 1 26.2 1.3 323.6 25, 39.2 2.3, 1 539, 7 045, 4.4, 174, 1 522, 4.1 52.5 0.7 0.7 17.6 32, 31, 8 18.2 4.8 29, 25.4 4.6 63 690, 642 9 877, 4 211 208
8.9, 10.5% 90, 173 73, 1.9, 49, 22.8 4.7, : 1.?,? 2.,?,, 140, 76.7, 50% 1998 3 706.9, 2 267.33, 15.1, 93.4% 60 160 209
8 %, 1 537, 232.74, 448 12 15, 15 50, 20 ; 30, 7 ; 51, 10 ; 1 728, 8, 103, ; 131, 16.7 ; 99 %, 1996,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), 50, 1976,,,, 210
979 7 21,,, 1985, 9, 1982 1983, 7 1999, 17, 9, 103, 10,,,,,,,,,, 1981, 22 105 : ( ) 211
; 105 1998 47,, 1982 1 3 5, 4, 137 ; 1988 11, 118.7 ; 1987 1993, 9, 104 ; 1986 1993, 300, 400 ; 1989 ; 3, 40 1986 1993, 174, 300 80 212
993 1986 6 1993 2, 10 ; 140, 50 ; 1993, 203 ( 40 ),, 10, 63, 95, 1987 ; 1992 ; ; ; 1992,, 8 1992 36, 36, 1955, 1961,, 213
,,, 1973 1979,, 1980,,,, SPF ( ), 50, SPF, 279,,,, 1982, - 5,,, 1986, ; 1988,,,,, 1959 11,,,,, 214
,,, 1982,, 23,,, 100 % 1987,,, 30 1989 10 1,, 1990, 5, 16, 12, 7, 1958,, 6, 30,,,,,, 200,,, 215
,, 150,, 1965,, 1966 2 10,,, 20, 7 300, 140 1971,,,,,, 1975 8,,, 1978 7 1,,, 18,, 1980 10 25,, 70, ; 1981 7 29,, ; 1983 1 216
; 1984 8, 20 ; 8 2, 100, 190 ; 1985 6, 38 ; 7 20, 100, 7 21 120 177, 100, 7, 3 1986, ; 1986, 1991 6,,,,,, 1979 ;, (, ), ; 1997 7, 217
0,,,,, 1983,,,, 1998 15,, 7, 3 000, 332,,, 1998 2000 1993,,, 1997,,, 2001 1997,,,,, 21 218
000, 187, 26 ; 107, 5 ; 38, 9, 3 28, 2.8, 1.9 100 % ; 99 % 98% ; 72%, 22 %,, ; 70, ; 80,,, 1985, 60 %, 21 %, 11%,, 90, ( ) 1981 1996 2000, 1 100, 8 811, 6 100, 1997 7 2000 6, 1994 219
999,, ( ),,,,,, 2000,,,,, 6, 1979,, 1984 11, 1981 3, 1987, 1996 3, 1980,, 1983, 1985 75, 25 486 400, 5, 220
90, 1995,,, ( ),,,,,, 2000,,, ( 1994 ), 2001 3 8, 5 24 2000 11 1,, 2000 8 080, 1 531, 540,,, ( ), 6, 3, 221
8, 2, 3 800 973, 211, 23 1992 ; 1994 ; 1996 ; 1998, 1983 2,,,,, 2000 11 29 17, 5 000,,,, 80,,,,, :, ( ) ; ( ), 222
,, 1967 1980 1970 1980 ( ), 1985, 8.5%,, 1%, 1980,, 1968, 1979, 1980 1984,, 5 35, 1984 12 28 450, 1993,,, 1972, 1979, 223
;, ;, ( ) 1 2 3 6 1982,,, 4,, 191 1983,,, 1984,, 1981 7,,,, 1981, 3 179, 60, 1997, ( ),,, ( ), 1985 18, 18 11, 3 265 90, 1997 1983,,, 224
90, 1999,,,,, 20 80,, ;, ; 1981, 1984 1,,, 1985 93, 521, 3 6 85.7% ; 15 ;, ; 52,,, 14 95 % 225
,, 7, 30, 942 987 ; 113 234 ; 6 402, 90% ; 13, 900, 167, 4,, 1987 3 15,, 1998,,,, 1992, 5, 280, 18, 4, 66 000, 1 250, B 24 300 226
11 600,,,,,, 2 10,,,,,,, 1993,,,, 1998,, 28 184 60, 134, 15 %,,,,,,,, 116, 1, 7, 11, 96, 1, 1 2 623, 105, 95, 12 690 8 321, 70 227
66 ( ), 4.5, 1999 78, 5.57, 0, 154.21/ 10, 1995, 5 3 85%, 95 %,, 8 479, 784 77.25%, 98%,, 80%, 49 2000,,, 18, 68 1998,,,,,, 228
, 8,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 20 50, 60,,,,,,,, :, 1980 10, 1948, 1952 229
, 1958 1900,,,,,, ( 130, ),,, 1947, 1968 1977,,,,, 1980, 14 20,,,, 230
,, 2002,, 40,,, 1995 10,,,,, 1958,,,,, 505 ( ), 1999,, 231
1984 ) (1989 ) ( 1931 1991 ),,, 1950 1958, 1984 1991 11,,,,, 1928, 1949 5, 1958,,,,, 1988 5, 1984 9,,, 232
, 1955, 1972,,,,, 2000 93,,, 1957, 1974, 1978, 20, 150,, ( ),,,, 30, 233
00,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100,, 1979 1 5 40, 234
0, 20,,,,,,,,,,, 90, 12, 444, 800, 80,,,, 1988 8 14, 1989 10 24 1991 1 13, 1994 1 1990,, 5, 1939, 1961,, 30 235
987,, 1978 12 5,, 350, 5 000 80,,,,, 1976 ( ), 1979,,, 1991,, ( ),, 1982 11 16,,, 78 1987 12,, 290 236
1992 3,, 1978,,, 1979,, ;, 1979 1984,,, 80,,, (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ) 1992 ( ),,,,, 1975 7, 5,, 237
983,,, 1985 11,,,,, 1991 6,,, ( ) 1988 1992,, 20, 2000, 84, 131, 835 1 036,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 238
,, 1991 2000 4, 20,,,, 1983 12,,, 1988 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 239
,,,,,,,,, 1984, :,,, 30,, 1984,, 1985,,,,,,,,, 20 62, 123 130 150, 5 64, 240
,, 1983,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995 1 600, 1990 6, 3.5,,,,, T,, 500, 241
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.5, : 14,, :,,!,, :,, 48,,, 1976 10,, 1985, 242
,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989 6 20 8, 5,,, 8,,,,, 5 1 480 48!,,,,,,, 243
,,,,,,,,, 23 ;,, 16,,, 6,, 14 ;,,, 14,,,,!,,,, : 1., 2., 244
?, 245