,,,, 3 (,, ),, ( CIP) /. :, 2004. 9 ( ) ISBN 7-5624-2999-5......... :. TP303 CIP ( 2004) 072912 : : : * : : : 174 ( A ) : 400030 : ( 023) 65102378 65105781 : ( 023) 65103686 65105565 : http: / /www. cqup. com. cn : fxk@ cqup. com. cn( ) * : 787 1092 1 /16 : 16. 25 : 359 2004 9 1 2004 9 1 : 1 5 000 ISBN 7-5624-2999-5 /TP 434 : 21. 00,
( )
,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ;, ; ;,,,,
1.,,, 2.,,, 3, : * ( ) * ( ) * Java Delphi * Visual C + + Visual Basic * * 2 * Java Visual Basic * Delphi Java Visual Basic Delphi Visual C ++ Visual C ++ * * : *,,,, E-mail: lich@cqup. com. cn 3.,, 4.,, 5. ( ),
,,,,,,,, 2004 8 3
,,,,,,,,,, 7 1,, ; 2 ; 3 6, ( CPU ) ; 7, ; 3 ( ), 3,
,,,,,,, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5, 7,,, 2003 12 2
1. 1 1 1. 2 4 2 2. 1 8 2. 2 10 2. 3 15 2. 4 21 3 3. 1 26 3. 2 32 3. 3 36 3. 4 38 3. 5 46 3. 6 47 3. 7 49 4 C P U 4. 1 CPU 53
4. 3 CPU 57 4. 4 CPU 61 4. 5 CPU 64 5 54 5. 1 68 5. 2 72 5. 3 80 5. 4 CD-ROM 86 5. 5 DVD 94 5. 6 99 6 6. 1 / 104 6. 2 117 6. 3 122 6. 4 PC 131 7 2 7. 1 145 7. 2 BIOS 155 7. 3 173 7. 4 200 7. 5 216 1 231 2 233 3 238 244
1,, 1. 1 1. 1. 1 Computer,,, ;,,,,,, 4 : 1 : 1946 ENIAC 20 50,, 5 000 10 000 /s :,,,, 2 : 20 50 60,, / s :,,,,,, 3 : 20 60 70,, /s :,,,
: ( LSI, VLSI) 20 70,, / s, :,,, 1. 1. 2 1) 2, 1. 1 1. 1 ( ) ( ) ( ), PC ( Personal Computer), ( ) PC ( ) PC ( 1. 1 ), 1. 1 PC
) :,, 1 s 1,, CPU ( Hz), 1 4. 77 MHz, 1GHz,,, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 3), : ;,
. 2 1. 2. 1, ;,,,, 1. 2 4 1. 2 1),,, 1. 2 2),, 1. 2,,,,,,,
. 2 ( CPU) : : ROM, RAM :,,,, :,,, : ( ),, : ( Modem) ( DOS, Windows, Linux ) 1. 2. 2,,,, 1. 3 / /,,, ;, / 1. 3,, PC ; 1. 4 5
. 4 1. 2. 3 DIYer, PC CPU, 1. 5 6 1. 5 ( Mainboard), CPU, ( CPU), PC, ( Memory) ( ),, PC PC ( Power Supply Unit) PC PC AT, ATX, PC ATX ( Case), PC
1,, PC, :,, CPU / ; / 1 1. 1 PC,?,? 1. 2,?, Windows? 1. 3 PC, 7
2 CPU( ),, 5 5 2. 1 2. 1. 1 5 1946,,, : 5, 2. 1, ( ),,, 2. 1, ( CPU, Central Processing Unit), CPU, ( MPU) CPU, ( )
:. 1 2. 1. 2, 5 ( BUS),, CPU,, CPU / ( I / O), 3 ( 2. 2 ) : I / O ; I / O / ;,, : I / O CPU ; CPU I /O, CPU I /O, CPU, I / O I /O, CPU ( DIB) : MPU I / O ;, MPU DMA, I /O,, 9
10. 2 3 : 2. 2 2. 2. 1 CPU CPU, CPU, CPU CPU,,
( 2. 3 ) 2. 3 CPU 1) 11 ( 2. 3 ), N 2 : ( A), ( R), ( DB) ACC( Accumulator) N,, ;, ;, ( R), 2),,,, 2. 3, : ( PC),,
, PC 1,,,, ( IR),,, OC,,,,,,,, ( ID) ID,, ( OC), 12 3) CPU CPU,,,,, PC, IR 2. 2. 2, 1) 2 :,, CPU,, CPU RAM ( Random Access Memory) RAM / RAM,,, RAM
,, ROM( Red Only Memory) ROM RAM, ROM,,, I / O ROM,,, ROM BIOS ROM,,, CPU /, RAM CPU,,, ( 3. 5 in * 1. 44 MB, GB),, 2),, ( 8 ),, : 13 3) / /CPU, /, / CPU, CPU ; CPU CPU ( ) /, CPU,, / 2. 4 2. 4 * 1 in = 2. 54 cm
CPU CPU ( MFC), : CPU CPU CPU ( MFC) 2. 2. 3 / 14 I / O,, ;, I / O, CPU, I / O,, I /O, I / O, I /O, /, ( ),,, I /O, IDE ( ) LPT ( ) COM1 /COM2( ) 2. 2. 4 ( BUS),,,,,,,,,,,, ( AB) ( DB) ( CB), AB CPU, ; DB,, CPU DB, DB ; CB, CPU, CPU CB,
,, 4 I / O : ISA,, ; PCI, ; USB, ; AGP, 2. 3 2. 3. 1, 1) 4 :, 2,,, 2 2 0 l 2 2,, 3 ( ),, 2, 15 2),, 0 l ( bit), 1, bit, 2, 4,,, l, 0,,,
16 : ASCII ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ISO, ASCII 7, 2 7 = 128, 128, l28 : 0 9, 26, 1981 GB2312 80,, 6 763, 3 755, ; 3 008, ; 682, 7 445 GB2312 80, 7, 128 128 = 16 384, ASCII,,,, 30H 21 H,, 0! ASCII,,,, 1, = + 8080H, 3021H, B0A1H, bit( ),, 150 000, 24 bit, 450 000 25, 1 125 000,, /,,, 3),, 0, 1, : 0 ; 1 : + 10 = 00001010, - 10 = 10001010,,
3, : X1 = + 8 = + 0001000B [ X1] = 00001000 X2 = - 8 = - 0001000B [ X2] = 10001000 ( 111... 1) ( 011... 1) 8, - 127 + 127 10000000, 0 2 : [ + 0 ] = 00000000; [ - 0] = ;,,, : X1 = + 8 = + 0001000B [ X1] = 00001000 X2 = - 8 = - 0001000B [ X2] = 11110111 ( 100... 0) - 127 + 127 ( 011... 1 ) 8,, 0 2 : [ + 0 ] = 00000000; [ - 0] = 11111111 : 0,, ; 1,, ;, 1,, 1 : X1 = + 8 = + 0001000B [ X1] = 00001000 X2 = - 8 = - 0001000B [ X2] = 1111000 ( 100... 0) ( 011... 1) 8, - 128 + 127, 0 : [ + 0] = [ - 0] = 00000000 : 0,, ; 1, 1,,, 3 ;, 3,,,,., 2 : :,, 2. 5( b),, 17
. 5( a), 2. 5,,, N : N = M 2 E, E M, E, M,,, 4 : 18, 32, : 31 30 24 23 22 0, - 38. 75, : ( - 38. 75) 10 = ( - 100110. 11) 2 = ( - 0. 10011011) 2 6 ( 0000 0110 ) = ( 1. 10011011000000000000000 ) 2 ( 0000 0110 ) = ( 1. 01100101000000000000000 ) 2, - 38. 75 : 00000110101100101000000000000000,, 4, ( Binary - Code Decimal), BCD 4 2 4 = 16, 16, 10, 0 9, 6 10 10, BCD BCD 8421, BCD, 80X86 BCD 8421 2. 1
. 1 8421 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BCD 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 2. 3. 2 2 :, ;,,,, 1) : 0 + 0 = 0; 1 + 0 = 1 ; 0 + 1 = 1; 1 + 1 = ( 1 ) 0 : 0-0 = 0; 1-0 = 1 ; 1-1 = 0; 0-1 = ( 10) 1,,,, : [ X + Y] = [ X] + [ Y], [ X - Y] = [ X + ( - Y) ] = [ X] + [ - Y], 2,, ;, (, 1 ),, X = 10, Y = 34, X + Y X - Y [ X] = 00001010 [ Y] = 00100010, [ - Y] = 11011110 [ X + Y] = [ X] + [ Y] = 00101100 [ X - Y] = [ X] + [ - Y] = 11101000 19 [ X + Y] = [ 00101100] = ( + 44) 10 [ X - Y] = [ 10011000] = ( - 24) 10,,
20 87 + 50, : [ 87 ] = 01010111 [ 50 ] = 00110010 [ 87 + 30] = 10001001 2, ( 1 ),, 2 ( s1, s2), 2 : s1, s2 = 00, 01 10 11,, 55 + 60 ( - 80) + ( - 56) [ 55] = 0 00110111 [ - 80] = 1 10110000 [ 60] = 0 00111100 [ - 56] = 1 11001000 [ 55 + 60] = 0 01110011 [ - 80-56] = 1 01111000 = ( 115 ) 1 0 = ( 120) 10 s1s2 = 00,, s1s2 = 10, 12-50 90 + 40 [ 12] = 0 00001100 [ 90] = 0 01011010 [ - 50] = 1 11001110 [ 40] = 0 00101000 [ 12-50] = [ 12] + [ - 50] [ 90 + 40] = 0 10000010 s1s2 = 11,, 2) = 1 11011010 = ( - 38 ) 10 = ( - 126) 10 s1 s2 = 01,,,,,,,, BCD 1 4,, 4 BCD, 6( 0110), BCD, : BCD, 9, ( 0110), ; BCD, 9
( 0110),, 57 + 65 [ 57 ] BCD = 0101 0111 + [ 65 ] BCD = 0110 0101 1011 1100 ( 9) + 0110 0110 0001 0010 0010 : ( 122) 10, 71-29 [ 71 ] BCD = 0111 0001 - [ 29 ] BCD = 0010 1001 0100 1000 ( ) - 0110 0100 0010 : ( 42) 10 3),,, :,, / 2 : 0 0 = 0; 0 1 = 0; 1 0 = 0 ; 1 1 = 1,,, 2 : 0 0 = 0; 0 1 = 1; 1 0 = 1 ; 1 1 = 1, ;,, 1 0; 0 1 2 2 : 0 0 = 0; 0 1 = 1 ; 1 0 = 1; 1 1 = 0, ;, 21 2. 4,,,,,
2. 4. 1 1) CPU,, 2) 2 :, ;, 22 3),, :,, 4 4,,,,, CPU, / / ( IN /OUT),, I /O,, 4), 4 : 1,
CPU 0, 1,,,, 2 20 50,,,,, 3 20 50,,,,,, Basic, Pascal, C 3 4,,, 4, 4, VC, Java 4, 23 2. 4. 2.,,,,, 3 : : ( PC), ( IR), PC 1, : IR,, :,, 3,,,, 3CH + 2EH,,, 0500H ;,
A, 3CH 3CH A ADD A, 2EH 2EH A, A JO 100AH, 5 100AH, 4 MOV ( 0500H), A A 0500H HLT :, (, ) B0H 3CH 04 H 2EH 70 H 0AH 10H( 100AH, 10H 0AH) A2H 00H 05H( ) F4H 1000H, PC 1000H, : 24 1000H 1001H 1002H 1003H 1004H 1005H 1006H 1007H 1008H 1009H 100AH BOH 3CH 04H 2EH 70H 0AH 10H A2H 00H 05H F4H, : PC 1000H MAR PC 1, MAR, 1000 H CPU, 1000 H BOH, MDR BOH, MDR IR ID, OC 3CH, A PC 1001H MAR, PC 1 MAR, 1001 H
1001H 3CH, MDR 3CH, A, 1 MOV A, 3CH,,, 2,,,, 3 : 5,,,, 3 :, 3, 5 2 2. 1? 2. 2 8 : + 0-10 + 37 + 127-0 - 127 + 10 2. 3 X = 60, Y = - 91,,? X + Y ; X - Y ; - X + Y ; - X - Y 2. 4,? 2. 5? RISC?
3 Mainboard Motherboard ),,, CPU ( TV SCSI ) ( ) ;, I / O ( Modem),,,, 3. 1, CPU,,, 3. 1. 1,,, : CPU ( ) BIOS ( 3. 1 ) : 1) CPU CPU 2 : SLOT ( 3. 1 ) Socket ( 3. 2 )
27. 1 Socket ZIF,, :, CPU;, CPU Socket Pentium Socket 7 Super 7,, PentiumPentium 4 Socket 370, Socket 432, Socket 478 Socket A SLOT, CPU CPU, PCI SLOT Intel Pentium CPU SLOT 1, AMD SLOT A 2) 2, RAM( ),, RAM, D( ) RAM S ( ) RAM ROM( ),, BIOS ROM BIOS FLASH ROM, ROM,, 3. 2 Socket
( 3. 4 ) ( 3. 3 ), SIMM 3. 3 DIMM 28 3. 4 SIMM DIMM 2 : 168 SDRAM( ), DRAM, 168, 84 ; DDR ( Double Data Rate DRAM ), 184, SDRAM,, DRAM,, SDRAM DDR ( ), DIMM,, ; SIMM, 72, 4 SIMM, SIMM,, 45,,, SIMM,,, 184 RIMM, RDRAM 3) Cache SRAM SRAM, SRAM,, CPU, CPU, SRAM,
,, CPU,,, CPU, Cache,, 256 kb 10 % 256 kb 1 MB CPU CPU ( Internal Cache), ( External Cache) CPU CPU, CPU, 4) CPU, CPU, I / O I / O,,, 5 8, ( 3. 5 ) 29 3. 5 ISA PCI ISA, 16 ISA 8 MHz, ISA ISA, PCI PCI Intel, 32 64,
3 MHz, PCI 2. 0 66 MHz PCI 10,, PCI 5) ATX, IDE IDE ( ) 2 ( COM1, COM2, ) PS/2, USB, ( ), 3. 6 AGP ( ), 3. 7 Intel, AGP, 3D AGP, AGP 1. 0, AGP 2. 0, AGP 3. 0, AGP 1X, AGP 2X, AGP 4X, AGP PRO, AGP 3. 0, AGP 8 X AGP 8X 2. 1 GB/ s AGP SCSI 30 3. 6 3. 7 AGP 6) BIOS CMOS BIOS BIOS, BIOS BIOS,,, BIOS,, 3. 8 BIOS ROM BIOS, EPROM,, ROM ( Flash ROM),, BIOS,, BIOS, BIOS CMOS CMOS RAM( CMOS SRAM),
. 8 BIOS, ( RTC),,, 5, CMOS,, CMOS,,, CMOS,,,,, (, CMOS,, ) 31 7) 2, PCI, CPU, ( ) CPU ; ( ) / 3. 1. 2, : AT, Baby AT, Full AT, ATX, Mini ATX, Micro ATX, LPX,
32 AT,, IBM PC/ AT ( ), AT, 13 in 12 lin( 1in = 2. 54cm),, 8 I / O, AT,,, AT Baby AT Baby AT 13. 5 in 8. 5in, AT, AT/ ATX,,, 3 /4 Baby AT ( 10. 7in 8. 7in) Intel, ATX( AT external), AT,, I /O, CPU, CPU,,,, ( Soft Shut Down) Modem ( Remote on) ATX ATX ATX Intel 1997 Micro - ATX, PCI ISA,, NLX NLX,,,,,,,,,, NLX,, NLX ATX Baby - AT, Micro - ATX, NLX,,,, 3. 2,,,,,
. 2. 1, 1) CPU CPU : CPU ALU, ( Bus), CPU RAM, ROM / 2) : ( ABus) ( DBus) ( CBus) 3) : I / O ( FSB) CPU L2 Cache, CPU ( ),,, CPU I / O, I /O CPU, I / O,, RS - 232C, IE1364 33 3. 2. 2 I /O I / O I / O I / O, I / O, I / O,, I / O ISA, EISA, MCA, VESA, PCI, AGP, ISA 286, EISA 386, VESA 486, PCI 586, 3, AGP AGP, PCI PC I /O 3 :
) ISA ISA IBM PC /AT I /O, AT ( AT Bus), 1987 ISA( Industry Standard Architecture ) ISA Intel 80286 CPU, 16, 16 24, 16 MB8. 33 MHz, 8. 33 MB/ s ISA 32, 64 CPU, ISA, ISA 2) PCI 34 20 90,, Windows ( GUI) I / O, I /O 3 5,, 10 MB /s, 69 MB/ s ISA, EISA,, 1991, Intel PCI, IBM, Compaq, AST, HP, DEC 100 PCI PCI( Peripheral Component Interconnect),, PC ( Local Bus) PCI, 3D PCI, Modem PCI : PCI 32, 33 MHz, 132 MB/ s; 64 PCI, 66 MHz, 528 MB/ s; PCI 5 V 3. 3 V 2 ; PCI ( 10 PCI ) ; PCI PnP( Plug and Play), ; PCI CPU, PCI CPU, PCI CPU 3) AGP AGP( Accelerated Graphics Port), PC, 3D, PCI PC 3D,
AGP, AGP PC, 3D AGP, AGP, ( ISA PCI ), AGP, PCI 3D 3 D PCI, ( Texture Data) Z Alpha ( ), 3D,,,, 3 D,,,, AGP,, PCI AGP, 3 D PCI, PCI, 3 D AGP PCI,, AGP : ( pipelining) AGP,, 533 MHz AGP 32 AGP 4X 266. 67 MHz, 1. 1 GB/ s; AGP 8X 533. 33 MHz, 2. 1 GB/ s ( DIME) AGP 3D ( ),, DIME( Direct Memory Excute) ( demultiplexing), SBA( Sideband Address) CPU RAM, AGP AGP,, 35 3. 2. 3, MB, 32, 64,
MHz,,,,,,,,,, 3. 3 3. 3. 1 36 ( chipset) CPU,,, CPU,,, AGP, Ultra ATA,, CPU AGP ECC, ; PCI USB( ), Ultra DMA /33 /66 /100 /133 ACPI( ) RTC( ) flash BIOS I /O ( ), Modem 3. 3. 2, VIA Apollo P4X400, VT8377, Inter Pentium 4 /Celeron, 400 / 533 MHz, AGP 2X /4X /8X, 3 GB DDR200 / DDR266 /DDR333 SDRAM, DDR400; VT8235, 133 MB/ s PCI, 6 AC 97, 10 /100 Ethernet MAC, PHY, ATA 33 /66 /100 /133 6 USB 2. 0 ACPI 3. 1 3. 3
. 1 Intel CPU Intel 845 82845 82801BA Pentium 4 / Celeron Intel 845GL Intel 845G Intel 845GE Intel 845GV Intel 845E Intel 845PE Intel 850E 82845GL 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82845G 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82845GE 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82845GV 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82845E 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82845PE 82801DB Pentium 4 / Celeron 82850E 82801BA Pentium 4 / Celeron CPU Socket478 400 Socket478 400 Socket478 533 Socket478 533 Socket478 533 Socket478 400 Socket478 533 Socket478 533 / MB DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR RDRA M IDE AGP USB 2. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 2. 0 ATA100 4X 2. 0 3. 2 VIA 37 Apollo P4X266 Apollo P4X266A Apollo P4X266E Apollo P4X333 Apollo P4X400 Apollo KT266A Apollo KT333 Apollo KT400 Apollo CLE266 CPU VT8753 VT8233A Pentium 4 / Celeron VT8753A VT8233A Pentium 4 / Celeron VT8753A VT8233A Pentium 4 / Celeron VT8754 VT8754 VT8235 VT8235 Pentium 4 / Celeron Pentium 4 / Celeron VT8366A VT8233A Athlon XP / Duron VT8367 VT8233A VT8377 VT8235 Athlon XP / Duron Athlon XP / Duron CPU Socket478 400 Socket478 400 Socket478 533 Socket478 533 Socket478 533 Socket462 266 Socket462 266 Socket462 333 VT8623 VT8235 VIA C3 Socket370 133 / MB DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR DDR / SDR IDE AGP USB 4. 0 ATA133 4X 1. 1 4. 0 ATA133 4X 1. 1 4. 0 ATA133 4X 2. 0 3. 2 ATA133 8X 2. 0 3. 2 ATA133 8X 2. 0 4. 0 ATA133 4X 1. 1 4. 0 ATA133 4X 1. 1 4. 0 ATA133 8X 2. 0 2. 0 ATA133 8X 2. 0
38 CPU SiS 645 SiS645 SiS961 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS 645DX SiS645DX SiS961 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS 648 SiS648 SiS963 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS R658 SiSR658 SiS963 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS 650 SiS650 SiS961 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS 651 SiS651 SiS962 Pentium 4 / Celeron SiS 740 SiS740 SiS961 SiS 746 SiS746 SiS963 Athlon XP / Duron Athlon XP / Duron. 3 SiS CPU Socket478 400 Socket478 400 DDR / SDR DDR / SDR / MB IDE AGP USB 3. 0 ATA100 4X 1. 1 3. 0 ATA100 4X 1. 1 Socket478 533 DDR 3. 0 ATA133 8X 2. 0 Socket478 533 RDRAM 2. 0 ATA133 8X 2. 0 Socket478 400 DDR 3. 0 ATA100 4X 1. 1 Socket478 533 DDR / SDR 3. 0 ATA133 4X 2. 0 Socket462 266 DDR 1. 5 ATA100 4X 2. 0 Socket462 266 DDR / SDR 3. 0 ATA133 8X 2. 0 3. 4,,,, 3. 4. 1 1),,,,,, USB, IEEE 1394,
, AGP,, AGP, 2) PC, I / O I /O, 1 1 2 2 1 1, ISA 586,,,, ATX,,,,,, USB IEEE 1394,, / ( 3. 9 ) 39 3. 9 : 1,,,,, 586,, 3 COM, COM 2,,, 2,,,, USB IEEE 1394 3 COM, Modem
USB IEEE 1394 56 USB, 2. 0, 480 MB /s, Modem 4IEEE 1394 IEEE 1394 95 a, 400MB/ s, IEEE 1394 b 1. 6 GB/ s USB,,,, 7, RJ - 45, 8 /,,, 3 2,,,,, 40 3) I / O I /O CPU I / O, I /O, CPU I /O, I / O CPU I /O, I /O, ( ) I / O I /O 65 535, 0000H FFFFH I / O I / O,, I /O : 1 ( COM1 ) 3F8h 3 FFh; 2 ( COM2 ) 2F8 h 2FFh; 1 ( LPT1) 378h 37Fh; EGA / VGA 3 C0h 3CFh; Creative Lab 16 ( ) 220h 233h; MPU - 401 MIDI 300h 301h; IDE / AT( 16 ) 1F0h 1F7h, IDE 170h 177 h; 3F0h 3F5h IRQ I /O, CPU, ( IRQ) PC IRQ 16 ( IRQ 0 IRQ15), 16, IRQ CPU, CPU IRQ, DMA DMA( Direct Memory Access)
DMA,, CPU, CPU DMA CPU PC DMA 8 ( DMA0 7), DMA, DMA, 3 3. 4. 2, ;,,, 2 ( ),, 8 1 ;,, RS - 232 C Modem 8 1 8, 1 1 ( 8 ),, 41 1) / RS - 232C EIA( Electronic Industries Association) BELL 1969, 0 20 000 bit / s RS Recommanded Standard ( ), 232, C RS - 232 C ( DTE, Data Terminal Equipment) ( DCE, Data Communication Equipment),,, RS - 232C, PC 2 RS - 232C 1 COM1 / COM3, 9 D, ; 2 COM2 / COM4, 25 D
Modem9 25 RS - 232 C 50 ( 15. 24 m), 2 500 F, ;, RS - 232C 75 20 000 bit / s, 19 200 bit / s ;, I / O IRQ 3. 4 3. 4 COMx I /O IRQ COM1 3F8h 3FFh IRQ4 COM2 2F8h 2FFh IRQ3 COM3 3E8h 3EFh IRQ4* COM4 2E8h 2EFh IRQ3* 42 LPT1, ( printer), 25 D, CMOS Setup, Normal, EPP ECP3 Normal, SPP( Single Parallel Port), 40 kbit / s,, EPP( Enhanced Parallel Port),, 400 kbit / s EPP ECP( Extended Capabilities Port), EPP,, ( DMA),, ECP,, EPP ECP EPP + ECP CMOS Setup PC 2, LPT1 LPT2,, LPT2, LPT1 :, CPU,, ; CPU, 3. 5
. 5 LTP1 378H 379H 37AH LTP2 278H 279H 27AH 2) USB( Universal Serial Bus), USB 4,, USB,, PC USB USB, USB Pentium USB BIOS, USB Windows 2000 Windows XPUSB ; Windows 98 Windows 95, USB, USB : USB 12 Mbit /s 100, 10, USB, USB, USB,, USB USB, USB USB 127, 5 m USB + 5 V 0. 5 A, USB, 4 : + 5 V 1( - ) 2 ( + ) GND IEEE 1394, 6, 1. 5 A, 8 40 V IEEE 1394 USB :, ; ;, IEEE 1394 USB Hub 63 IEEE 1394 2 : 12. 5, 25 50 Mbit / s ( Backplane Mode) ; 100, 200 400 Mbit /s ( Cable Mode ) 400 43
50% IEEE 1394 USB, USB, IEEE 1394 USB IEEE 1394,, PC 3. 4. 3 1) IDE 44 IDE( Integrated Device Electronics ) PC, PC 2 IDE, 2 IDE, ATA( AT ), AT, 16 ISA IBM AT ATA, ATA : IDE( ATA-1) : ATA - 1 AT, ISA, IDE 2, CD-ROM IDE ; 1 024, 16, 63, 512 B, 1 024 16 63 512 B/1 000 000 = 504 MB; 3 MB/ s E-IDE( ATA-2, ATA-3) : ATA - 2 ATA - 3 ATA-1( IDE), PIO ( I / O ) DMA ATA-2 ATA-3 IDE( E-IDE) E-IDE 2, 2 IDE, 2 4 IDE,, ATAPI CD-ROM IDE E-IDE LBA( Logical Block Address ), BIOS 504 MB, 8. 1 GB LBA CHS( ), BIOS DM/ DM, 8 GB 32 GB E-IDE 16. 7 MB/ s; E-IDE PIO,, CPU /, /, DMA( Direct Memory Access), CPU, CPU, ATA-4( ultra-ata /33 ) : ATA-4 1998, ultra-dma ( ultra-ata), 33 MB/ s, PIO DMA 2 ;, UDMA ATA-4, SCSI-2 IDE
ATA-5( ultra-ata /66 ) : ultra-ata /66 ultra-ata /33, ultra-ata /66 66 MB/s,,, CRC,, ATA /66, 40 40,, ATA /100, ATA /133: ATA /100 ATA ATA /66, ATA /66 80, ANSI ATA /100, 100 MB /s ATA /100, ATA /133, T13 ATA-6 ATA /133 ATA /100, ATA /100,, ATA ATA, ATA-1 ATA-6, IDE, 2, ultra-ata 66 40 40 40 80 ATA, 40 80 ATA 200 MB/ s, ( Western Digital) Serial ATA ( ATA) ATA, ATA, 1, 4 ATA, 1 2 3 4,,, ATA, Serial ATA ATA Serial ATA ATA, ATA, Serial ATA 45 2) SCSI IDE SCSI, IDE, SCSI SCSI( Small Computer System Interface ), 1979,,, PC SCSI PC, ZIP MO JAZ, : SCSI, 15, 1 IRQ,
15 SCSI, Linux, Windows NT, SCSI 160 MB/ s, 160 MB/ s(, ) CPU SCSI 3. 5 3. 5. 1 Live BIOS 46 BIOS, :, BIOS,, BIOS ; DOS, DOS, DOS ; CMOS BIOS, ; DOS,,,, Live BIOS BIOS, Windows,,, Windows BIOS, BIOS Live BIOS Windows 95 / 98 / Me / 2000 XP 3. 5. 2 Voice Doctor Voice Doctor,,, CPU,,, ( ), DIYer,!
. 5. 3 FOC FOC( ) CPU CPU, CPU, BIOS BIOS CPU,,, CPU, AMD CPU 3. 5. 4,,,, AGP PCI PCI Modem PCI IEEE-1394,,,,,, 47 3. 5. 5 STR, STR, STD STD Suspend to Disk, ( Windows 98 ) ( ),,, STR Suspend to RAM,, STD, 3. 6 1) P4 T533-C, 3. 10 P4T533-C I850E Socket 478 Pentium
48. 10 P4T533-C, 2. 4 GHz P4 T533-C 533 MHz, 4. 2 GB/ s,,, P4T533-C, Realtek CODEC S/ PDIF OUT 6, INTEL PHY P4 T533-C, POST Reporter, Q-Fan, EZ Flash BIOS, P4T533-C, Pentium 4 DIP BIOS P4T533-C, 5 PCI, 4 USB2. 0 USB1. 1 2) 1986,,,,,,,, BIOS LiveBIOS, PC2PC, : KT4 Ultra, 3. 11,,,
. 11 KT4 Ultra 3. 7 49 CPU,, I /O,, 80 % : 1),,, : =,,,,,,, CPU, Intel AMD,,
AMD, AMD CPU, Intel Intel CPU,, Intel 2) 50,,,,,,,, PCB, PCB,, PCB,,,,, PCB, PCB,,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, 4),,,,, 5), CPU,,,,,,,
:,,,,,, CPU, PCI,,,,, 3 PCI,,,,,,, 3 51, 4 : : CPU ( ) I / O, 20, : Live BIOS, Voice Doctor, FOC, ATA /133,,
3. 1, 3. 2,, 3. 3,? 3. 4? 2
4 CPU,, CPU, CPU 4. 1 C P U 4. 1. 1 CPU CPU, 3, 3, 4. 1. 2 CPU 20 1971, Intel 4004, 1979, 8086 8088,, 8087, 8088 IBM PC,, 8086 8088 CPU 8086, 8088 8087, 8087, X86 CPU, Intel i80286, i80386, i80486, Pentium, Pentium 4,, Intel CPU
86 Intel, AMD Cyrix X86 CPU, CPU Intel CPU, CPU Intel CPU Intel X86 CPU X86, X86 CPU CPU 30,,,, CPU 4 8 16 32 64 ; CPU MHz GHz; CPU 2 000 4. 1 CPU 4. 1 CPU ( Intel ) / MHz / / V / m / bit 1979 8088 4. 77 /6. 66 /7. 16 /8 2. 9 - - 16 1982 80286 20 13. 4 - - 16 1985 80386 12. 5 /20 /25 /33 27. 5 - - 32 1989 80486 25 / 33 /50, CPU 120 5 1 32 54 1993 Pentium( ) 60 / 66 /75 /90 /100 /120 /133 / 150 / 166 /200 310 3. 3 0. 5 0. 35 64 1997 Pentium II 233 /266 /300 /333 /350 /400 / 450 750 2. 8 2 0. 35 0. 25 64 1999 Pentium III 450 930 1. 6 0. 25 0. 18 64 2000 Pentium 4 266 /333 /400 /533 /800 4 200 1. 7 /1. 6 / 1. 5 0. 18 0. 13 64 4. 2 C P U CPU,, CPU, CPU : 1) CPU CPU,, CPU,, CPU,,
, ( 1 ) f, : Hz( ), khz( ), MHz( ), GHz( ) 1 GHz = 1 000 MHz, 1 MHz = 1 000 khz, 1 khz = 1 000 Hz CPU, CPU, CPU,,,, CPU 1GHz, 1. 7, 1. 8, 2. 0, 2. 4 GHz, 3. 06 GHz, CPU,, CPU CPU, PC, PC : = ; = ( CPU Cache ), CPU, CPU CPU Pentium 4 CPU 333, 400, 533, 800 MHz CPU, CPU, PC,, CPU,, 486 DX2 CPU, CPU 3, 4. 5, 5, 6 2) CPU ( ) 16 CPU 16 CPU 32 CPU 32 Pentium 4 CPU 64 3) CPU, CPU,, CPU ( L1 Cache) ( L2 Cache ), CPU, CPU CPU,,, CPU, CPU RAM,, CPU, L1 Cache L1 Cache, CPU, 55
, L2 Cache CPU, L1, L2,, L2 Cache, CPU L1 Cache 64 /128 kb, L2 Cache 128 /256 /512 kb,, L2 Cache CPU 4) CPU CPU 5 V, CPU, CPU,, CPU 1. 5 V 5) CPU,, CPU,, CPU 0. 5 m, CPU,, 0. 35 m, 0. 25 m, 0. 18 m 0. 13 m 56 6), CPU, X86, 3D /,, Intel MMX SSE AMD 3D NOW! ( MMX, Multi Media extension) Intel 1996, Pentium Pentium II 57,,,, ( SSE, Streaming SIMD Extensions) Intel Pentium, 70, 3 D 50 SIMD( ) 12 MMX 8 3D SEE 3 D Now!, SSE 3D Now!, SSE MMX, SIMD 3D NOW! ( 3D No Waiting) AMD, K6-2, K6-3 Athlon, 21 MMX, 3D Now!,
3D AMD Athlon 3D Now! +, 52, SIMD Intel SSE 7) CPU,, CPU 32, M = 2 32 = 4 096 MB( 4 GB), PC 1 GB( ) CPU /, 4. 3 C P U 4. 3. 1 CPU, CPU, 57, CPU, CPU CPU, 2 :, CPU CPU, 1 /4 in,, CPU CPU,,,,, CPU ( ),,,,, CPU ( ) CPU CPU, 8086 /8088 DIP ( Dual In-line Package, ), 386 /486 PQFP( Plastic Quad Flat Package, ), PGA( ) SECC( ) PGA Socket,,, 4. 1 ; SECC
PCI Slot, 4. 2 CPU, ( SPGA, Staggered Pin- Grid Array), ( PPGA, Plastic Pin-Grid Array), ( FC-PGA, Flip Chip Pin-Grid Array) ( 4. 3 ), SECC2, 1,,,,,, 4. 1 630 PGA Intel Xeon( ) 58 4. 2 SECC Pentium
. 3 FC-PGA2 Pentium 4 4. 3. 2 CPU CPU, CPU 2 : 1) Socket PC 386 Socket CPUSocket 4, Socket 5, Socket 7, Socket 8 Socket 370, Socket 462 ( Socket A), Socket 478, 59 :,,, CPU ; CPU Socket,, CPU, Socket CPU, CPU : Socket 7 CPU Intel 75 200 MHz Pentium /Pentium MMX, AMD k5 / k6-2 / k6-3, Cyrix 6 X86 / X86 MX / MII Socket 8 CPU Intel 150 200 MHz Pentuim Pro Super 7 AMD, VIA, ALI, SIS, 100 MHz AGP, Socket 7, AMD K6-2, AMD K6-3, Cyrix MII Socket 370 Intel, AMD, CPU, Socket 370 Intel Celeron, Coppermine Pentium Cyrix MIII Socket 423 Pentium 4 Socket 423,, Socket 478 Northwood Pentium 4 Socket 478, Intel CPU, 4. 4
. 4 Intel Pentium 4 CPU Socket 478 Socket A Socket A Socket 472, AMD Intel, AMD Duron Athlon XP 2) Slot 60 CPU,,, Slot Slot 1 Intel, 242, SECC Pentium Pentium Celeron Slot 1, CPU, Socket 370, Slot 1 Slot 1 4. 5 4. 5 Slot1 Slot 2 Slot 1,, Xeon( ) Slot 2 2 CPU, Slot A Intel AMD, AMD K7 Athlon, AMD,
, Slot A 4. 4 C P U PC Intel 8088, CPU 8 CPU Intel, AMD, Cyrix Cyrix, CPU Intel, AMD, VIA( ), VIA, Intel AMD, Intel, CPU 4. 4. 1 Intel Intel Intel Celeron, Pentium Pentium 4 1) Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Intel 2000 11 CPU Pentium,, 400 MHz, SSE2, NetBurst, 1. 4 GHz, Socket 423 478, i850 / i845 / i845d, Intel 1. 4 2. 4 GHz, 3 GHz Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Intel Pentium 4 CPU 2 : Willamette Northwood Northwood Pentium 4 Intel, CPU Willamette Pentium 4, Northwood Pentium 4 512 kb, Willamette Pentium 4 256 kb 1, CPU, ;, Northwood Pentium 4 0. 13 s, ; Northwood Pentium 4 Willamette Pentium 4 1. 75 V 1. 5 V, 69 W 41 W, ;, Northwood Pentium 4,, Northwood Pentium 4 2. 4 G 4 GHz, Intel Northwood 3 GHz Pentium 4, Northwood Pentium 4 ; Northwood Pentium 4 533 MHz 61
FSB 800 MHz, Intel Pentium 4 1. 7 4. 6 4. 6 Intel Pentium4 1. 7 2) Celeron 62 Celeron, Intel Pentium,, Pentium,,, Intel AMD CPU, Celeron, 4, Celeron 4 2. 0 GHz Celeron 4 1. 7 GHz Intel Pentium 4 Celeron 533 MHz Northwood, Pentium 4, 128 kb 400 MHz 4. 4. 2 AMD AMD Athlon XP, ThunderBird, Duron AMD, AMD, AMD DIY AMD Athlon 4. 7 1) Athlon XP Intel Pentium 4, AMD 2002 10 Athlon XP, Athlon XP Barton, ThunderBird ; 0. 13 m ; 128 kb 256 kb ; 266 / 333 MHz; Socket A,,, 52 SSE, 3DNow! MMX, SSE, Athlon XP Pentium 4 +,
. 7 AMD Athlon 2) ( ThunderBird) Intel Coppermine Pentium, AMD Thunderbird CPU Socket A, 0. 18 m, 120 mm 2 3 700, 128 kb L1 Cache, 256 kb L2 Cache,, 200 /266 MHz, 3DNow! Coppermine Pentium, DDR, Pentium,,,,, Athlon XP,, 950 1. 33 G, 63 3) ( Duron) AMD Intel,,, 256 kb 64 kb ( Morgan) 200 MHz, Athlon XP Palomino, 1. 2 GHz, 85 %, ( Morgan),,, Intel Celeron 3,,, Intel, AMD,, CPU, Intel,,, AMD,, CPU 4. 2 4. 3
. 2 2003 Intel CPU CPU FSB L1 / kb L2 /kb) / GHz / MHz / m / V Celeron1. 7 1. 7 Socket 478 400 Willamette 20 128 0. 18 1. 7 Celeron2. 0 2. 0 Socket 478 400 Northwood 20 128 0. 13 1. 5 Pentium 4 1. 8A 1. 8 Socket 478 400 Northwood 20 512 0. 13 1. 5 Pentium 4 2. 0A 2. 0 Socket 478 400 Northwood 20 512 0. 13 1. 5 Pentium 4 2. 4B 2. 4 Socket 478 533 Northwood 20 512 0. 13 1. 5 Pentium 4 3. 06 3. 06 Socket 478 533 Northwood 20 512 0. 13 1. 5 Pentium 4 2. 4C 2. 4 Socket 478 800 Northwood 20 512 0. 13 1. 5 4. 3 2003 AMD CPU CPU FSB L1 / kb L2 / kb Athlon XP / GHz / MHz / m / V 1700 + 1. 47 Socket 462 266 Thoroughbred A 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 1800 + 1. 53 Socket 462 266 Thoroughbred A 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 64 2000 + 1. 67 Socket 462 266 Thoroughbred A 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 2200 + 1. 8 Socket 462 266 Thoroughbred B 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 2400 + 2. 0 Socket 462 333 Thoroughbred B 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 2500 + 1. 83 Socket 462 333 Barton 128 512 0. 13 1. 65 2800 + 2. 25 Socket 462 333 Thoroughbred B 128 256 0. 13 1. 65 4. 5 C P U CPU,, CPU, CPU, CPU,,, CPU, : 1), CPU, Pentium 4, Athlon XP, Celeron, Duron CPU,
CPU /,,, ;,,, 2) CPU CPU, Intel Pentium 4 AMD Athlon XP, CPU Intel Pentium 4 4. 6 Pentium 4 1. 7G CPU, : 1, 2 : Intel Pentium 4, Pentium 4 3 : 1. 7 GHz /256 /400 /1. 75 V, 1. 7 GHz; L2 256 kb; 400 MHz; 1. 75 V 4 : SL57V MALAY, SL57V S-Spec,, S-Spec,, COSTA RICA( ) 5 : L118A981-0023,, 6 : I, ( Intel) AMD Athlon XP DA2200DKV3C 4. 8 Athlon XP 2200 + : L = 1. 50 V, U = 1. 60 V 4. 8 Athlon XP 2200 +, AX- : AXD Athlon XP ACPU, A 2200 PR, CPU D : D = OPGA, A = PGA, M =, TBD V : V = 85, T, 90 3: 3 = 256 kb, 4 = 512 kb K : K = 1. 65 V, C: A /B = 200 MHz, C = 266 MHz 65
) CPU CPU,, 4) CPU,, CPU, Intel Pentium 4 Willamette Northwood, Northwood, AMD Athlon XP Palomino, Thoroughbred Barton3 Bug, CPU,, Socket 423 Pentium 4, Socket 478 ( Intel ) CPU,, CPU 5) 66, CPU, CPU CPU, CPU CPU L1 /L2 Cache MMX 3DNow! CPU ( WCPUID ), 4, 3 : CPU, : CUP : Socket Slot 2 Socket CPU Socket, Slot CPU Slot, CPU Socket 478 Socket 462 CPU,, CPU, CPU,, CPU
4. 1 CPU,? 4. 2 Intel CPU?? 4. 3? 4. 4 CPU 7
5,, ( ) ( ) 5. 1 5. 1. 1 ENIAC,,, 20, ENIAC,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, /,,, / ( DMA) /, / CPU /
5. 1. 2 : ( bit) : Byte( kb) ( MB) ( GB) T ( TB) : 1 Byte = 8 bit 1 kb = 1 024 Byte 1 MB = 1 024 kb 1 GB = 1 024 MB 1 TB = 1 024 GB,,, 100 MB, GB, /, CPU, / / 3, /( ) ( ), ( Memory Access Time), T A T A, T A ( ns) /, ( ) ( / ), ( Memory Cycle Time), T M T M T A, /,, B M ( bit B), B M = W/ T A, bit / s B /s W,,, /,, : C = C/ S 69 5. 1. 3,
) 3,,,,,,,, 2) 70,, ( RAM), CPU, RAM RAM( SRAM) RAM( DRAM), ; ( ms),,,,,, RAM DRAM,, ( ROM) ROM,, ( SAM) ( CD-ROM),,,, DAM DAM,, RAM SAM, 3) CPU ( ) ( ) 2 CPU, RAM ROM, / -,,, MB MB,
CPU,, 4),,,,,,, 5. 1 : ; ; ; CPU 71 5. 1, kb MB,,,,,, CPU, CPU,,,,, Cache, Cache,,,
. 2, RAM ROM Cache RAM,, RAM, ROM Cache 5. 2. 1 /, CPU, ( 5. 2 ) 72 5. 2 168 SDRAM, 1) PCB PCB,, PCB 2), 8,, PCB, 8 16 9, ECC, ECC CPU,,, ; CPU, BC586 72 EDO, CPU,, 168 SDRAM, CPU, ;, EDO 5 V,
3. 3 V,,, ;,, ( ns) EDO 60 ns 70 ns, - 60, - 70, SDRAM DDR SDRAM 10 ns, 100 MHz PC100,, PC100 PC133 3) SPD SPD,, / SPD PC100 4),, SIMM DIMM SIMM Single-In Line Memory Medule,, 80586 PC 80586, PC 72 SIMM, DIMM DIMM Dual In-Line Memory Module,,, 84, 84 2 = 168, 168, 72 SIMM 72 73 5. 2. 2 1) ( ns),, EDO 60 ns, SDRAM 7 ns, CPU,,, 2), 72 EDO 4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB; 168 SDRAM 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, DDR
28 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB,, Windows,, 128 MB 3), 8 1,,,,, 0 1, CPU, 0 1,,, 4) 74 EDO 5 V, SDRAM 3. 3 V, DDR 2. 5 V 5. 2. 3 CPU, RDRAM DDR SDRAM, Intel ( Pentium 4 i850 RDRAM), ;, RDRAM, 1) SDRAM SDRAM Synchronous DRAM( ),,, CPU,, SDRAM, PC100 PC133, SDRAM, MHz( ) SDRAM PC133, 133 MHz SDRAM, 133 MHz 133 / s, 7. 5 ns( 1 ns = 10-9 s) 7. 5 ns,,,,,
, PC133 : PC133U-333PC133, 333, ( Time of Row Precharge, trp), RAS CAS ( Time of RAS to CAS Delay, trcd), ( Time of CAS Latency, tcl) 3,, 3,, PC100, VIA trp, trcd, tcl 3 3 PC100, Intel 3 2 PC100 VIA Intel,, VIA PC100, Intel PC100 PC133,, PC133, PC133U-222 PC133U-333 2) DDR SDRAM DDR DDR,,, SDRAM DDR SDRAM,, DDR 184 ( 5. 3 ), SDRAM 168 2 ( 5. 2 ) 75 5. 3 Kingmax DDR SDRAM DDR 100, 133, 166
76 3, DDR, DDR 2, DDR200, DDR266 DDR333 DDR DDR400 DDR DDR266A 133 MHz CL( tcl) 2, CL 2. 5 143 MHz ; DDR266B, DDR200, 133 MHz, CL 2. 5, CL 2, 100 MHz, DDR266 A DDR266B, ( DDR, CL ) DDR333 DDR266, DDR333 166 MHz CL 2. 5,, DDR266A CL,, : DDR,,, : = 8Byte( 64bit) DDR266 266 MHz 8 Byte = 2 128 MB /s, DDR266 PC2100, DDR200 PC1600, DDR333 PC2700, DDR400 PC3200, DDR Kingmax DDR333 \ DDR400: TinyBGA( ) ( 5. 4 ) 0. 13 m TinyBGA TSOP, TSOP DDR SDRAM 45. 6 %,, TinyBGA, DRAM 5. 4 TinyBGA DDR400 128, 256, 512 MB, 5. 3 16 TinyBGA 256 MB DDR200 / 266 /300 /333 DDR,, DDR333, DDR, DDR400 SDRAM Kinghorse:, 5. 5,
,,,, 5. 5 DDR333 PCB, 5. 5 Kinghorse GEIL: GEIL, PCB PCB, GEIL, SPD, 5. 6 DDR, PCB, ( BLP, Bottom Leaded Package), 32 MB, 8,, 256 MB, 77 5. 6 GEIL Kingston( 5. 7 ) :, OEM ( Toshiba, Hitachi ) Kingston, DCAT( Design, Component, Assembly, Testing) Kingston,, 5. 7 Kingston
Kinghorse,,, 3) RDRAM 78 RDRAM DRDRAM( Direct Rambus DRAM), Rambus Intel, RDRAM DDR,, 16 32, SDRAM 64, RDRAM SDRAM DDR, 300 MHz 600 MHz,, RDRAM RDRAM PC600, PC700, PC800, RDRAM SDRAM, DDR, PC800, 400 MHz, 800 MHz 2 B = 1. 6 GB/ s RDRAM, RDRAM,, PC800 RDRAM 3. 2 GB/ s, Intel 850 RDRAM RDRAM RDRAM, SDRAM DDR, RDRAM,,, RDRAM, ;, DDR SDRAM Pentium 4, DDR RDRAM SDRAM, DDR,, SDRAM DDR, AMD, DDR266 A CL 2 DDR333 ( DDR266 ), AMD, AMD, DDR266, DDR Intel Pentium 4, CPU AMD ( 533 MHz Northwood ), DDR RDRAM RDF2001 ( Rambus 2001 ) Yellow Stone,, RDRAM 5. 2. 4, SDRAM, DDR266, DDR333, DDR400
,,? 1) Photoshop,,,, 128 MB, 3D,, MB MB,,,, Flash CPU,,,,,,, 2) Windows 98, 256 MB, 256 MB, Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 9x, Windows XP CPU AMD CPU, DDR333 DDR400, AMD, Athlon XP 2. 1 GB/ s, DDR400 3. 2 GB/s DDR400 Athlon XP, DDR333 DDR266, 512MB,?,, 79
. 3 ( ) ( ) 13. 3 cm( 5. 25 in) 360 kb, 720 kb 1. 2 MB; 8. 9 cm( 3. 5 in) 1. 44 MB 6. 4 cm( 2. 5 in) 20 MB,, ( Winch Ester) ( ),, MB 5. 8 5. 3. 1 80,,, PC,, CPU, 20, 40 MB 40 GB 120 GB, 1 MB 512 MB, CD-ROM 40, AT ATX,,,,,,,,,,,, /, /,, 5. 8 5. 8
,,, 5. 3. 2,,, ( 5. 9 ),,,,, 1 8,,,, /,, 81 5. 9,,, MB MB, GB,,,,,,, 1), 4 ;,, 0 1,,
,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 2) 82, 2 20 GB, 80 GB,, :,,, 7 200 rpm( ),, SCSI 10 000 rpm 15 000 rpm,, ms,, 10 ms, IBM 5, IDE 4, GMR,, 40 GB,, GMR,
, ( ), ms, ms, ms 52 kb 2 MB, SCSI 512 kb ( Sustained Transfer Rate), Mbit /s, ( ) : Mbit / s, MB/ s, Mbit / s 8 ( 8 ), 131 Mbit / s, 16. 37 MB/ s,, MB/ s Ultra DMA /133, 133 MB/ s S. M. A. R. T Self-Monitoring Analysis&Reporting Technology,,,,,, 83 3), :,, IDE, SCSI, SCSI IDE, SCSI,, Intel Serial ATA,, Maxtor ATA-133,, 200 GB,,,
84,, 7 200 rpm 5 400 rpm, 7 200 rpm 3D 5 400 rpm,,, 7 200 rpm 5 400 rpm, 7 200 rpm,,, ;,, IDE 2 MB, WD 2 100 GB 120 GB 8 MB,,,,,, :, IBM, Maxtor( ), Seagate( ), WD( ) 4) 30 %,,,, : / /,, Quantum( ) Fireball ( ) 3. 5 in *, 7 200 rpm, GRANDPRIX 10 000 rpm,,,,,, /,, ;,,,,,
/,, ;, m,,,,,,,,,,, 20 25, ;,,,, :,, COMMAND. COM, CONFIG. SYS, AUTOEXEC. BAT, Linux, Windows,,,,,,,,,, Windows,,,,,,, 85 5), 5. 1 5. 1 / GB / GB /rpm /MB / ms / in IBM IC35L060AVER 07 61. 49 20 7 200 2 8. 5 ATA100 3. 5
/ GB / GB /rpm /MB / ms / in IBM IC35L180AVV2 07 MAXTOR 4K080H4 MAXTOR 6Y160L0 SEAGATE ST380021A SEAGATE ST3120023AS WESTERM WD1000BB WESTERM WD2000JB 185. 2 60 7 200 2 8. 5 ATA100 3. 5 80 40 5 400 2 < 12. 0 ATA100 3. 5 160 80 7 200 2 < 9. 0 ATA133 3. 5 80 40 5 400 2 9. 5 ATA100 3. 5 120 60 5 400 8 9. 0 Serail 3. 5 ATA150 100 33 7 200 2 8. 9 ATA100 3. 5 200 67 7 200 8 8. 9 ATA100 3. 5 86 5. 4 C D - R O M 5. 4. 1 1),,,, :, ( ), 2) 5. 25 in 4. 75 in,
3. 5 in CD-ROM, ROM( ) CD-ROM CD VCD,,, MPEG, CD-ROM, CD-R( ),, 10 CD-R,, ( CD-RM) CD-RM,, CD-RM CD-R, CD-ROM CD CD-RM, CD-R 4, 16, CD-ROM, 5. 4. 2 CD-ROM 87 CD-ROM 5. 10 5. 11 5. 10 CD-ROM 5. 11 IDE 1) ( ) CD-ROM
88,,,,,, 0 1,,,,, 01,,,, ( 1X) 150 kb /s, 32X, 40X, 50X CD-ROM, 3, / /, 40X /10 X /48X CD-R 40X, CD-RM 10 X, CD 48X 1 s, CD-ROM 1X = 150 kb/ s, 24 32 3 600 kb 4 800 kb,, ( Inside Transfer Rate) ( Outside Transfer Rate),,,,,, CPU CPU, CPU, CPU, ( Buffer Memory Size),,,,,, CD-ROM 128 kb 256 kb, DVD-ROM 512 kb, 2 4 MB, 8 MB PIOM UDMA, PIOM, CPU, UDMA, Windows DMA, 2) CD-ROM,,
CD-ROM,, CD-ROM,, CD-ROM,, CD-ROM, CD, CD-ROM 2, 12 cm 8 cm, 12 cm 12 cm, CD-R74 650 MB 74 min, CD-R63 550 MB 63 min,,,,,, 5. 4. 3, CD-ROM CD VCD, DVD-ROM,, CD-ROM,, CD-ROM 40, 50, CD-ROM, OEM, CD- ROM,, CD-ROM, CD-ROM CD-ROM 1),, 40 6 000 kb/ s ( CAV, Constant Angular Velocity) ( PCAV, Partial-CAV) CAV PCAV,,,,, 100 ms,, 8 000 9 000 rpm, 10 000 rpm,,,,,, 89
,, CD VCD, 4 ; 24 ; 52 2) 90,, CD-ROM,,,,,,,,,,,, 3), CD-ROM SCSI IDE SCSI, SCSI, SCSI CD-ROM SCSI-2,, IDE CD-ROM,, IDE CD-ROM : PIO, Ultra DMA PIO 16. 6 MB/ s,, CPU, Ultra DMA33 CPU Ultra DMA33, Ultra DMA33 CD-ROM, IDE 4),, :,
- ROM,,,,,,,, 5), Acer CD-ROM,,,,,,,,, 3 1, 1,,, 2 SPDIF CD 4, 2 SPDIF SPDIF, SB Live! 2 SPDIF, 128 kb, DVCD,, CD-ROM, DVCD,, DVCD 91 5. 4. 4,, 1), CD-ROM,
4X, 34X, 50XCD - ROM 40X 50X,, 2) Acer Acer 32X,, 40X 50X Acer CD,,, 3),, 36X 40X,,, 4) 92,,,,, 40X, OEM, CDU4811 48 X, UDMA,,, CD-ROM, 5. 2 5. 2 CD-ROM / ( kbit s - 1 ) / kb / ms CD - 400 40X 6 000 128 75 IDE ATA33 CD-S500 50X 7 500 128 80 IDE ATA33 DDSS II SC-152 52X 7 800 128 80 IDE ATA33 52X CD-ROM 52X 7 800 256 90 IDE ATA33 52X G3 52X 7 800 128 80 IDE ATA33 SAS 5. 4. 5,,,
, : 1),,,,,,,,,, 2),,,,,,, 93 3),,,,,,,,, 4),,,,,,, ;,,,, ( firmware ),, firmware, firmware,
firmware, firmware,,,,,,, BIOS ; firmware 5),,,,,, 6) 94,,,,,,, Windows,,, 5. 5 D V D 1999, DVD, DVD DVD, DVD-ROM CD-ROM 1) DVD DVD Digital Video Disk,, DVD Digital Versatile Disc, DVD, DVD CD / VCD, CD 0. 83 m, 1. 6 m, 780 790 nm, DVD 0. 4 m, 0. 74 m,
35 650 nm DVD CD, CD, DVD,, DVD RS - PC( Reed Solomon Product Code) 8 /16, DVD DVD DVD, CD- ROM DVD CD-ROM 4 DVD 635 650 nm DVD MPEG-2, MPEG-2 11, DVD, DVD VCD, CD-ROM, CD - R, CD - AUDI- O DVD DVD MPEG-2, DVD, MPEG-2 DVD, DVD DVD, 3D MPEG-2, DVD DVD 5. 12 95 5. 12 DVD 2) DVD DVD CD VCD, 80 120 mm, 1. 2 mm, DVD 4 DVD 4. 7 GB, DVD 17 GB( CD 26 ) DVD MPEG-2 MPEG : MPEG,,, ;,,,
50 550, VCD 250 SVCD 350 720 480 DVD 48 96 khz, 16 bits 20 bits 24 bits, LD 44 khz DVD Dolby Digital ( ) DTS( Digital Theater System),, CD 1X = 150 kb/ s, DVD 1X = 1 350 kb/ s, CD-ROM 9 DVD 1,,, DVD DVD( ), DVD-ROM, DVD, 16X, CD ( ) 3) DVD 96 6 : DVD-ROM( DVD) DVD-ROM DVD, CD-ROM, CD-ROM DVD-ROM, DVD Video( DVD) DVD-Video DVD, LVD ( Laser Video Disc, ) Video CD( Video Compact Disc ) DVD, DVD, DVD DVD-Video MPEG-2,,, 720 480, 1 600 1 200 MPEG-2 500, DVD Audio( DVD) DVD-Audio, CD LPCM( ),, 5. 1 AC-3( ) DTS( ) DVD-Audio, PC, DVD-R/ RW( DVD 1 ) DVD-R / RW Pioneer( ) 1998 DVD-R /RW CD-R /RW, CLV DVD-R, CD-R, DVD-R CD-R ( 6 CD-R ) DVD-R 4. 7GB DVD-RW ( Phase Change) /, DVD + R/ RW( DVD 2 ) DVD + R DVD-R,
DVD + RW DVD-RW, DVD + R / RW CAV, DVD + RW, DVD-RW DVD + RW ( 1 h ),, 1 min, PVD + RW DVD DVD + R /RW DVD DVD-R/ RW DVD + R/ RW, DVD, SONY NEC DVD-R /RW DVD + R / RW, DVD Dual DVD R /RW DVD RW DVD-R/ RW DVD + R / RW, DVD DVD,,, SONY DVD DVD Dual DVD-RAM( DVD, DVD 3) DVD-RAM,,, /,, DVD-RAM /, DVD-RAM,,, DVD-RAM DVD-RAM /, MO CD-RM, DVD,, DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD-RAM DVD-RW, DVD-ROM DVD / /, DVD 4 DVD 4, DVD - 5, DVD - 9, DVD - 10 DVD - 18 DVD, DVD DVD-5 DVD-9, DVD-10 DVD-18 ( DVD),, 5. 3 5. 3 / cm / / GB CD-ROM 12 650 74 min DVD-5 12 4. 7 2 h DVD-9 12 8. 5 4 h DVD-10 12 9. 4 4. 5 h 97
/ cm / / GB DVD-18 12 17 8 h DVD-5 :, 4. 7 GB DVD, DVD-10 :, DVD, 9. 4 GB, DVD-5 DVD-9 :,,,, DVD,, 9. 4 GB,, 8. 5 GB DVD-18 : DVD-9, 17 GB 4) DVD DVD 5. 4 98 OVATION 16X DDU1621 DVD-ROM 16X NEC DV-800B/ C 5. 4 DVD / ( kbit s - 1 ) / ms DVD-ROM 16X/48X 21 600 /7 200 512 kb 120 /120 IDE ATA33 DVD-ROM 16X/40X 21 632 /6 000 512 kb 100 /85 IDE ATA33 DVD-ROM 16X/48X 21 632 /7 200 512 kb 105 /85 IDE ATA33 DVD-ROM 16X/48X 22 160 /6 000 512 kb 120 /120 IDE ATA33 COMBO 48XCD-R 21 600 DVD 8 MB / 120 /110 E-IDE ATA33 48XCombo /24XCD-RM /7 200 CD 2 MB /48CD-ROM /4 800 CD-RM /16DVD /7 200 CD-R : DVD-ROM DVD / CD- ROM
5. 6,,,,,,,, 5. 13. 13 1) U 1. 44 MB, 1. 44 MB, Flash Memory, ( Flash Memory) 5. 14 99 5. 14,,, /, 5. 15,,,,,,,,,,,
. 15 2) 100,, USB,, USB Windows 98 / ME /2000,,, USB,,,,,,,, 5 s, 15, 750 kb/ s, 450 kb/ s/,,,, 20 g, 3 m,,, 100, 10 16 256 MB, 2 GB 3),, 3 :,,,, Windows 2000 / ME / XP, USB,
Windows 98 Storage,,,,,,,, USB-FDD / HDD BIOS,, PC,, ;, ; QQ,,, ;,,, 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB 7,,,,,, MP3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 101
), 5. 5 5. 5 102 / s / s 600 kb 800 kb / 16 MB > 10 USB, 2 GB II 700 kb 900 kb 16 MB > 10 USB 2 GB GPRS 700 kb 900 kb 16 MB 2 GB > 10 USB 16 MB 920 kb 1 000 kb > 10 USB 2 GB 920 kb 1 000 kb 16 MB > 10 USB 2 GB Internet, E-mail GPRS, Internet, E-mail,, 16 MB 920 kb 1 000 kb > 10 USB 2 GB, U2 2 MB 6 MB 16 MB 2 GB > 10 USB USB2. 0, :,,, 5, 4 :,, Cache CPU ( Cache ), ( ROM) ( RAM), ROM, RAM,,,,,,,,, /
, : 5 5. 1 5. 2 Cache 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 3
6,,, / 5,, / 6. 1 /, /, / 6. 1. 1 ( KeyBoard, KB),,,, 1) 6. 1 5 :,,,, PC/ AT ( ) PS /2 ( ) USB PC/ AT ; PS /2 ATX ; USB,, 2), IBM PC, 83 84 101 /102
. 1 104, 101 104 /105, 3 108 104 Windows 98 Power, Sleep, Wake Up FN,,,, 104 108, USB,,,,,,, 6. 2 105 6. 2,, PS /2,,,,
PS/2 COM USB,, USB USB, USB, USB, USB USB HUB USB, USB HUB, USB HUB USB HUB USB,, 2 4 USB,, USB HUB, CD, :, F ;,,, 3) 106 4 5 KB 6 KB PC/ AT PS/2 ( KB BIOS), : Intel 8048 8049, CPU, RAM, ROM I / O, ROM 24 4,, X Y,, 8048,,, CPU, ASCII, 8048,,, 4, 8048 ( ),,, (, ) 4),,,
,,,,,,,,, 6. 1. 2 ( Mouse),,, ( ),, Windows, 1), ( 6. 3 ) 107 6. 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, PS /2 USB ( 6. 4 ) PC/ AT 9 COM, ; PS /2
6. 4 ( 6. 5 ),,,, Windows 98 AutoCAD 108 6. 5 Windows,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,
,,,,,, 2),,,,, 6. 1. 3, : ( ) ( ), CRT( ) LCD( ) 1) 109 CPU,, PC CPU, ( VGA ) ( 6. 6 ) I / O ; VGA ; ( ),, ( D /A),, ( ),, EDO, VRAM, SGRAM, WDRAM, MDRAM RDRAM,, CPU,,, CPU Windows,, ( GUI ),
110. 6, Windows,,,, CPU, CPU,,, CPU PC, ( MDA, Monochrome Display Adapter) Hercules ( CGA, Color Graphics Adapter) ( EGA, Enhanced Graphics Adapter) CGA 320 200, 8 EGA 640 350, 16,, IBM PS/2, ( VGA, Video Graphica Array), VGA 640 480, 16, Windows 9X VGA,,, Super VGA SVGA Trident TVGA 800 600, 1 024 768, 1 280 1 024, 1 600 1 200, 256 64 K 32 Windows 3D,,, DSP
D ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI AGP ISA EISA, VESA, PCI AGP 3D, AGP AGP 3D 4 8 MB,, 64 66 MHz PCI 533 MB/ s, 1 GB/ s,,, Intel AGP,, AGP, AGP PCI 6. 7 3D Blaster 4 MX420 64MB AGP, 250 MHz, 64MB 166 MHz SDR, VGA / TV 111 6. 7 AGP,, 3D 3D,, 8, 16, 32, 64 MB, AGP 2),,,,,, ;
14 in, 15 in, 17 in, 20 in, ;, ( CRT) ( LCD), 6. 8 112 6. 8 CRT LCD CRT, ( ), 3, Trinitron 3,,,, 3,, 3, 3, 3, CRT :,,, ( ), 0. 28 mm, 0. 25 mm, 0. 24 mm,,,, 640 480 640, 480,, 256, 8 ( ), 2 8 = 256;, 3, 17 in 1 920 1 440, 0. 28 mm 15 in, 1 155, 866, 1 024 768, CRT,
,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,, 60 Hz 60 CRT 50 160 Hz,,, khz,,,,, MHz( ),, VGA, 60 Hz, 640 480 60 Hz = 18. 4 MHz; 1 024 768, 70 Hz, 55. 1 MHz,, in *,, 15 in, 17 in, 19 in, 21 in,, 17 in * 16 in,,,,,,,,,,,, PC LCD LCD, LCD CRT,, DSTN- LCD( ) TFT-LCD( ) DSTN, 113
114, CRT, TFT 4 ( 1 3 RGB ),,, TFT LCD, LCD :, 15 in LCD 0. 297 mm, ( ) 1 024 768 LCD CRT LCD, CRT,, LCD ( 60 Hz),, LCD LCD,,, LCD cd /m 2 LCD 200 cd / m 2, 300 cd / m 2,,, LCD,,, LCD,,,,,,, LCD LCD 200 1, 300 1,, 100 1,,,,,, LCD,, ( ),
,,,,, 10 1, LCD 120 160 140 ( ), ( ms), 50 ms,, 50 ms = 1 /0. 05 s = 20 /s, 24 / s, 20, 30 / s, 1 /0. 033 s = 33 ms ( 30 ms = 33 /s 20 ms = 50 / s), 10 ms (, 10 ms = 100 / s),, 30 ms, CRT, LCD,, LCD, LCD,, LCD, LCD, LCD, ( DVI, Digital Visual Interface),, DVI DVI, DVI-I, 3) CRT ( 6. 1 ) 6. 1 CRT 115 17ES2 500PS 757MB / in / in /mm / MHz /khz / Hz / 17 16 FD 0. 25 128 30 70 50 120 1 280 1 024 21 19. 8 FD 0. 25-30 107 46 160 1 600 1 200 17 16 0. 20 250 30 96 50 160 1 920 1 440
1100P 107B3 202P4 / in / in /mm / MHz /khz / Hz / 21 20 0. 25 280 30 115 50 160 1 800 1 400 17 16 0. 25 176 30 86 50 160 1 920 1 440 21 20 786FD 17 16 810FD 19 17 FD 0. 24 320 30 121 50 160 2 048 1 536 0. 24 176 30 86 50 160 1 600 1 200 0. 24 230 30 110 50 160 1 600 1 200 LCD ( 6. 2 ) 6. 2 LCD 116 171P 210T SDM - S51 SDM - S71 170B2B 180P2M / in / ms /(cd m - 2 ) / ( ) / mm / 17 25 250 500 1 170 / 170 0. 264 30 81 56 85 1 280 1 024 21 45 230 400 1 170 / 170 0. 270 30 93 56 85 1 600 1 200 15 30 250 400 1 140 / 120 0. 297 28 61 48 75 1 024 768 17 25 250 350 1 140 / 120 0. 264 28 92 48 85 1 280 1 024 17 45 250 500 1 170 / 170 0. 264 56 76 30 82 1 280 1 024 18 50 250 350 1 160 / 160 0. 280 30 82 56 76 1 024 768 LG782LE 17 20 250 400 1 150 / 140 0. 264 30 80 56 85 1 280 1 024 L1810B 18 40 250 350 1 160 / 160 0. 280 30 80 56 85 1 280 1 024 ( 6. 3 )
. 3 V9180 VS V8440 / TD AR64DG GF4 MX400-8X GF4 Ti4400 / RAMDAC / bit /MHz / ns / MHz / MHz DDR /64 MB 128 500 5. 0 275 350 AGP 8X VGA, TV, DVI DDR /128 MB 128 550 4. 0 275 350 AGP 4X VGA, TV, DVI Radeon7500 DDR /64 MB 128 400 5. 0 290 400 AGP 4X VGA, TV, DVI G4MX460- VT G4Ti4400- VTD GF4 MX460 GF4 Ti4400 DDR /64 MB 128 550 3. 6 300 350 AGP 4X VGA, TV DDR /128 MB 128 550 3. 6 275 350 AGP 4X VGA, TV, DVI 6. 2 117,,,,, 1) ( 6. 9 ) 6. 9,,,,,,,
),, 118 EPSON LQ-1600K /1900K STAR CR-3240 ( AR - 3240),,, 1 + 3 ( 7 ),,,, ( ),,, 25 ( LPT),,,,,,,,,,, 24 ( 24 ),,,, 2) ( 6. 10 ) 6. 10,,, : ;, ;, 150 400 / s;, ;,,
,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, EPSON STYLUS 1520,,, 3 s,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 119 6. 11 3) ( 6. 11 ),,,,,,,,,
( CAD),,, A4,,, ;,,,,,, HP5L/6L 3 000 4 000 A4,,,,,,,, 4) 120 ( 6. 4 ) /DPI EPSON LQ-1600K3 EPSON LQ-570e KD300C FUJITSUD- PK9600E 6. 4 360 184 cps 1 + 4 360 450 cps 1 + 5 300 lpm 1 + 7 450 cps 1 + 7 24 2 / 24 2 / 10 / 24 4 / IEEE-1284 / Type B ( ) ( Parallel) / RS232C CENTRONICS /RS232C : lpm Line Per Minute, cpi Characters Per Inch, cps Characters Per Second,,,, 10 cpi
( 6. 5 ) 6. 5 EPSON Stylus Photo 2100 EPSON Stylus Pro 9600 HP DeskJet 5550 HP Inkjet cp1700 CANON Xnui320 CANON S900 / / DPI / PPM 2 800 1 440 7 2 A4 14 /21 256 kb /IEEE1394 / USB 2 800 1 440 7 2 A1 9. 5 /4. 6 32 MB /IEEE1394 / USB 4 800 1 200 6 2 A4 17 /12 8 MB USB 2 400 1 200 6 2 A3 16 /14. 5 16 MB USB/ IEEE1394 2 400 1 200 4 2 A4 10 /7 2 MB USB 2 400 1 200 6 6 A4 7 /7 256 kb /USB : DPI Dot Per Inch,,,,,, PPM Paper Per Minute, 121 ( 6. 6 ) 6. 6 EPSON EPL - C8200 EPSON EPL - N2120 HP Laser jet 9000 CANON LBP1210 CANON LBP2000 LEGEND LJ5500 / DPI / / s / MB 2 400 600 A3 16 42. 6 64 1 200 600 A3 11 10. 4 16 600 600 A4 50-64 2 400 600 A4 15 10 2 / USB 1 200 600 A3 20 11 8 / USB 600 600 A4 12 12 2 / USB
. 3, VCD /DVD 6. 3. 1, PC, ( ),,, MIDI 1) 122 PC,, ( Sound Card) CD, :,, ( ),,,,, CD, CD-ROM ( DAC), ; ( ADC),,, MIDI ( MIDI), ( MIDI ), MIDI MIDI MID WAV MID,,,,,
( ) / MIDI CD, 6. 12 6. 12, MIC-IN LINE-IN, CD AUDIO-OUT( LINE-OUT) LINE-IN, DIN 5. 1 7. 1 4, CD-ROM CD JOYSTICK MIDI / MIDI,,,, /,, ; /,, ISA, ISA, ISA, PCI, ISA, 0 1 ;,, 8 2 8 256, 16 2 16 64 K, 123
124 16 64 K ; 8 256,,,,, 16, 64 128, 16 1 s,, 22. 05 khz, 44. 1 khz, 48 khz, 22. 05 khz FM, 44. 1 khz CD, 48 khz 48 khz,, 4 5. 1 5. 1,, AC-3( Dolby Digital) DTS 5. 1 5. 1 4. 1 4 4 :,, 5. 1 80 Hz,,, 5. 1, 7. 1 5. 1,, MIDI ( MIDI, Musical Instrument Digital Interface) MID, RMI, MIDI MIDI,,,,,,, MIDI MI- DI, MIDI MIDI, MIDI : FM( ) ; Wave Table( ), ISA FM,, MIDI,,,
),, EPROM, MIDI,,, FM44. 1 khz 16 bit,, AC-3( Dolby Digital) Dolby Digital 5. 1,, AC-3, DVD AC-3, DS3D( Direct Sound 3D) DS3D Microsoft DirectX DS3D 3D, DS3D A3D A3D Aureal 3 D, A3D,, EAX EAX Environmental Audio Extension, ( Creative ),,, ( Creative) Sound Blaster,,, Sound Blaster Live! Digital Sound Blaster Live! Digital EMU-10K1-NDF EMU-10 K1-NDF CREATIVE EMU System, 0. 25 s, 200, Pentium 7. 1, 32, 48 khz, 192 db, 64, 128, Sound Blaster Live! Digital 6, : LINE OUT, LINE OUT 2, LINE-IN, MIC-IN, MIDI /,, PC99 CREATIVE Sound Blaster Live! Digital MIDI MP3, Sound Blaster Live! Digital Sound Blaster Live! Platinum, Sound Blaster Live! Creative 1998 8,, Sound Blaster Live! MIDI SoundFont 2. 0,,, PCI, SoundFont, Creative 32 MB SoundFont, Sound Blaster Live! 3D, DirectSound 3 D 4, 125
126 Sound Blaster Live! SPDIF MIDI Digital DIN Digital DIN Creative FPS2000D DTT2500D, 7. 1 Sound Blaster Live!, 95 db, Sound Blaster Live!, CD Wave MP3,, Sound Blaster Live!, MIDI, Creative,, EMU10K1 DSP,, Sound Blaster Live!, Creative Sound Blaster Live! Value Sound Blaster Live! Value Sound Blaster Live!, PCB I2S,, 3, Sound Blaster Live! Sound Blaster Live! Value,, Sound Blaster Live! Sound Blaster Live! Value PCB SPDIF, Creative,, Sound Blaster Live!,,, ( Diamond),,, 1 000,,, Monster Sound MX400 DIAMOND ESS Technology Canyon3D CODEC Quad AC 97 2. 1CODEC, 4 ; 48 iectsound3 D ( SBLive! 32 ), 64 DirectSound, 90 db Monster Sound MX400 4, SPDIF OUT, MIDI \, MIC IN, CD AUDIO MIC \ MONO, MX400 Rio upgrade CPU MP3, FM, MX400,, Monster Sound MX300 Diamond Creative Sound Blaster Live! Value MX300, Joystick,,, WaveTable Aureal Vortex2 AU8830, API A3D 2. 0 MX300 MX300
2, Out1, Out2 4 ; Out2,, Out2 4 MX300 A3D 2. 0, A3D 2. 0, MX300 3D, 4, MIDI, MX300, MX200 MX300 Zoran DVD, MX300 DVD 5. 1 AC-3 4 SPDIF, AC-3, MX300,, CPU,, CPU 300 MHz, 127 6. 13 2) ( 6. 13 ),,,,, CD, MD MP3,,,,,,,,,,,,,
128,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, ;,, 500,,, 3 1, ; 2,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 3,,,,,,,,,,, 20 Hz,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,
( Mic In) 6. 3. 2 1) ( 6. 14 ) LD 6. 14 LIFEVIEW( ),,,,,, 30 /s,,, 129, PC PC 32 PCI, PC, PC ( Video In) S-Video PAL NTSC :,,, PC, PC, :,,,, 200 MB, BetaCam /, ;,,, 6 1, / AV S, ;
AV S, 2),,,, PCI PC AVI, MPEG-1,, PC,,,,,, 3) 130 :, MPG, CPU CPU INTEL PIII AMD, ; RAID,, RAID SCSI, ; DDR333 256 MB, ;,, 10 000 SCSI, 2 MB, SCSI,, DMA100 7 200, ;, 32 MB AGP ;,, ; Vibra 128, SB LIVE! : PC, PC Adobe Premiere,
. 4 P C 6. 4. 1 ( Network Interface Card, NIC),,,,,, IEEE( ) 1), PCB, ROM,,, :, ( ) ;,,,,, CPU,,,,,,,,, ID, MAC( Media Access Control) MAC ROM, DNA, MAC, 131 2),, ATM,
132,, ( ) : 10 Mbit / s 100 Mbit / s 10 /100 Mbit /s, 10 /100 Mbit /s, 100 Mbit / s,,, 10 Mbit /s 100 Mbit / s 1 000 Mbit /s,,,, : ISA PCI PCMCIA USB ISA PC, ISA,, ISA, 10 Mbit /s ISA, PCI PCI 32 33 MHz PCI, 132 MB/ s, 64 66 MHz PCI, 528 MB/ s, CPU PCI CPU,,,, PCI 6. 15 PCI 6. 15 QN408 /409 PCI, Davicom, 10 /100 Mbit / s, : PCI ISA ISA,, PCI ISA, ISA, ISA PCMCIA,,, 3 4 mm PCMCIA, PCMCIA PCMCIA, 16 PCMCIA, 32 CardBus CardBus PC,, CPU,, CPU
. 16, 32-bit CardBus USB USB,,, Modem, USB,,, 6. 17 WU-1002 USB, REALTEK, 10 /100 Mbit / s 6. 16 PCMCIA, IEEE 802. 3 10Base-T IEEE 802. 3U 100Base-T, /, Windows 95 / 98 / NT/ XP LINUX UNIX 1 m USB,,, 133 6. 17 USB, PC 4,,, PC PC,,,,,,, IEEE 802. 11a /802. 11b /802. 11g, 54 Mbit / s 6. 18 USB WN210,, mini, RJ- 45 ( ) AUI ( ) BNC ( ) ;,, RJ- 45 + BNC, BNC + AUI, RJ- 45 +
,,, BNC AUI, RJ- 45, ( RJ- 11 ),, 4, RJ- 45, ( 6. 19 ). 18 USB BNC ( 6. 20 ) 134 6. 19 D-Link DFE-530TX + 10 /100 Mbps 6. 20 BNC, ( 6. 21
. 21 D-Link DE-528CT ( RJ-45 + BNC ) ),, Intel, 3),,,, RJ-45, BNC + RJ-45,,,,, 10 /100 Mbit /s PCI,,,, 100 Mbit / s, 200 Mbit / s 100 Mbit / s, 32, PCI 132 MB/s, 100 Mbit / s PCI CPU ACPI,, ACPI ACPI,,, 135
PCI2. 2,,,,,, 3. 3 V 0. 35 m,, CPU,,,,,, 6. 4. 2 Modem 1) Modem 136 Modem( Modulator-Demodulator), :,, ;,,,,, 2) Modem, : PCMCIA Modem,,,,,,, COM,, 6. 22, Modem, : Line, ; Phone, Modem,, Modem,,, Modem, Modem,
. 22 Modem Modem,,, 6. 23, Hayes( ) 25 RS232, 9 25 COM1 COM2, 9 ( Female ), 25 ( Male) ; Line; Phone,,, 137 6. 23 Modem USB Modem( 6. 24 ) Modem, Modem Modem Modem USB, ( USB 127 ) ;,, ;,,, ; : Modem,
138 6. 24 USB Modem PCMCIA PCMCIA,, PCMCIA, 3 : CONTROLLER ( ) ; DATA- PUMP( ) ; DATAARRANGEMENT( ) 1, 2, 3 2, 3 3, CPU, CPU,, CPU ( 20% 40% ),, CPU ( 10% ),, + Modem, ADSL,, ADSL Modem ADSL Modem, Modem, ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 1 8 Mbit /s 64 1 024 kbit / s Internet,, ADSL,,, ADSL Modem,,, 3 5 km
: CAP, DMT, DMT, DMT, 0 4 khz, 26 khz 1. 1 MHz, 4 khz 256, TCM QAM, 15 bits, ADSL 1. 5 Mbit /s, 14. 9 Mbit /s,, ADSL 1 024 kbit / s, 1 8 Mbit /s CAP,, ADSL Modem 3) Modem Modem,,,, Modem, Modem, Modem :,,,,,, 33. 6 kbit / s 56 kbit / s,,, 33. 6 kbit /s Modem, 56 K,, 33. 6 K 56 K, 56 kbit /s Modem,,,,,,, 33. 6 kbit / s Modem; 56 kbit /s Modem 56 kbit / s, Modem 56 kbit /s,, BBS, Modem V. 90,, 56 kbit / s Modem FTP 56 kbit /s Modem 33. 6 kbit / s Modem,, 56 kbit / s, 3 56 kbit / s Modem,,! Modem : Rockwell( conexant) Ambient( Cirrus Logic) ESS Lucent TI Rockwell ( conexant), 70 %,,, Ambient ( Cirrus Logic) Modem,, ESS, Lucent TI, 139
140 Modem Modem Modem : PCI ISA AMR CNR,, PCI Modem, PCI ( 133 MB /s), CPU, AMR CNR Modem,,, ISA, Modem, Modem,,,,, Modem,,,,,,,,, Modem, Modem,,,, 56 kbit / s ITU V. 90, 56 kbit /s Modem, BIOS, BIOS Modem V. 92, ( Ambient), L100 ( Conexant), IDVM-CD56 ( Ambient) ISP V. 92, V. 92 Modem, V. 92, ISP Modem, ; USB Modem, ISA, ; PCI AMR,, DAA, Modem, Modem, PCI Modem 6. 7 6. 7 Modem Rockwell 56ACF K56Flex, V. 90 Rockwell 56PDF Rockwell 56PVS K56Flex V. 90 V. 90, K56Flex
56DVS/ L56DV/ L56DV + P V. 90 Lucent L56DL/ L56DLI/ L56DAS/ L56DASI / L56DM + S Lucent L56DT V. 90, K56Flex V. 90 K56Flex Cirrus Logic 565x/566x X2 V. 90 Cirrus Logic 562X X2 V. 90 ESS Pctel, Modem, Modem, ( FAX), ( VOICE), ( DA- TA), ( DUPLEX),, Modem, Modem ( : Modem,,, ),, Modem,, 6. 4. 3 141,,,,,, 6. 25 6. 25
) ( TP),,,, RJ-45 ( STP) ( UTP), UTP STP,, UTP,, RJ-45, 8, 8 1236, 4578 RJ-45 6. 26 6. 26 RJ-45 142 2),,,, BNC, BNC, :, 50,,,,,,, : 500 m; 2. 8 km; 100; 2. 5 m : 185 m; 925 m; 30; BNC-T 0. 5 m, 3),,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 2 km,, ;,, 2 km,,, 6 /,, 143,,, /,,,,,,, 3 :, ( ),, CRT,, PC, CTR /,,,,,,,, ADSL Modem + +
6. 1, CRT LCD 6. 2,, 6. 3, SPDIF,? 6. 4 ISDN Cable Modem? 4
7, BIOS, 7. 1,,,,,, 1),,,,,, : :,,, ;,, :,, : :, CPU
: CPU /, 7. 1 ( ) 146 7. 1 :,, :,,, :, :,,, ( ),,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, PC, 2) CPU CPU, CPU Socket CPU 1, / CPU 90, CPU 2, CPU 3, CPU,, 7. 2 147 7. 2 CPU 4, CPU ( ), CPU CPU, CPU CPU, : 1, CPU, CPU 2, 3, 4
,, 7. 3 7. 3 CPU 5, CPU 3 CPU, 7. 4 148 7. 4 CPU 184 DDR SDRAM, 184 DDR SDRAM, 7. 5 : 1,,,, 1 1 ( ) 2,, 3,,, CPU, : 1,
. 5 2, I / O ( ) :,,,, 3, I / O, 7. 6 149 7. 6 4,,,, ( ), 3, :,,,,,, 4, 7. 7 7. 8, ATX, P4, CPU
. 7 150 7. 8 PC 4 RESET PC 4, 1 4, 1, Speaker, Speaker, 1 ( : 1 +, ) RESET RESET, RESET, 2, 3, 1 3, 1, Power, 1 ( + ), 2, 1,
HD LED, 1,,,, RESET( ), HDD LED( ) POWER LED( ),, 7. 9 7. 9,, :,,, ATX : 1,, AGP 2, AGP AGP : AGP 7. 10 151 7. 10 3, : 1, PCI, PCI 2, PCI PCI :
7. 11 7. 11 3,, ;, ;,, 7. 12 152 10 : 7. 12 1, ( :, ),,, 4 2,, :,, 2, 4,, 4, 2, 2,, 7. 13 3, IDE IDE, IDE, ATX : IDE, IDE IDE
7. 14. 13 153 7. 14 1 : 1, 5,,,,, 8,,,,, 2,,,,, 3,,, 4,,, 7. 15 3,, 12,
. 15,,, 7. 16 154 7. 16 13 : IDE 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 7. 17 7. 17 7. 18 15 2,,
,, 15,,,,, 1,, 7. 18 14,, /PS/2,,, USB, USB,, USB, 15 1,,, 2,, 3,, 155 7. 2 B I O S, CMOS, 1) BIOS CMOS BIOS, Basic Input / Output System, / ROM( ),, BIOS ( ),, CMOS, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,, CMOS RAM, CMOS,, CMOS RAM,, CMOS BIOS CMOS, BIOS CMOS
156 BIOS CMOS : BIOS ; CMOS RAM, BIOS CMOS BIOS CMOS, BIOS CMOS, CMOS CMOS, CMOS CMOS, PnP,,, CMOS, IRQ DMA CMOS CMOS CMOS, CMOS CMOS,, BIOS CMOS CMOS, /,, / Cache, CMOS CMOS, BIOS BIOS 2) BIOS, BIOS, BIOS,, BIOS 4, Award, AMI, Phoenix MR, AWard, BIOS, BIOS, 7. 1 BIOS 7. 1 BIOS BIOS BIOS AWARD Del Ctrl + Alt + Esc AMI Del Esc MR Esc Ctrl + Alt + Esc Phoenix Del Ctrl + Alt + S
Press DEL to Enter SETUP, Del BIOS, 7. 19 7. 19 BIOS BIOS BIOS 7. 2, 7. 2 BIOS ROM PCI / ISA BIOS( 2A59FA29) CMOS SETUP UTILTY( BIOS ) 157 STANDARD CMOS SETUP ( CMOS ) BIOS FEATURES SETUP ( BIOS ) CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP ( ) POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP ( ) PNP / PCI CONFEGURATION ( PNP / PCI ) INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS ( ) PASSWARD SETTING ( ) IDE HDD DETECTION ( IDE ) SAVE & EXIT SETUP ( ) EXIT WITHOUT SAING ( ) LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS ( BIOS )
) : Select Item ( ) F10: Save & Exit SETUP( ) ( SHIFT) F2: Change Color ( ) Time( ). Date( ). Hard Disk Type( ) STANDARD CMOS SETUP( CMOS ) 7. 3 CMOS ROM PCI / ISA BIOS( 2A59FA29) STANDARD CMOS SETUP ( CMOS ) CMOS 7. 3 TADE( MM: DD: YY) : WED, April 23 TIME( HH: MM: SS) : 13: 37: 14 ( ( : : ) :, 4 23 1997 ) ( ( : : ) : 13 37 14 ) HARD DISK ( ) TYPE ( ) SIZE ( ) CYLS ( ) HEAD ( ) PRECOP ( ) LANDZ ( ) SECTR ( ) MODE ( ) Primary Master: User 1 282 621 64 0 2 484 63 LBA ( ) ( ) Primary Slave: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 158 ( ) ( ) Secondary Master Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO ( ) ( ) Secondary Slave None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ) ( ) Drive A: 1. 44 MB, 3. 5 in. ( A: 1. 44 MB, 3. 5 ) Drive B: None ( B: ) Video: EGA/ VGA ( : EGA/ VGA) Halt On: All Errors ( : ) Base Memory: 640 KB ( ) Extended Memory: 15 360 KB ( ) Other Memory: 384 KB ( ) Total Memory: 16 384 KB ( ) ESC: Quit ( ) : Select Item ( ) UP / PD/ + / - : Modify( ) F1: Help ( ) ( SHIFT) F2: Change Color ( ) Date( mm: dd: yy) ( : : ) Time( hh: mm: ss) ( : : ),,