Basic Properties and Effective Utilization of Clinker Ash for Geomaterials Ichiro YOSHIOKA Akifumi NAKASHITA 70 t IGCA10D0 900t 2001 CA CA CA 216 CA FA CASiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO CA FA CaO CA CA FA FA SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO K 2 O MgO Na 2 O SO 3 FeO S
CA FA CACA CA CA CA 9.45.84.02.03.0 CA Percent finer by weight (%) 100 80 60 40 20 C.A.a C.A.b C.A.c C.A.d C.A.e C.A.f CA C.A. af CA U-MasadoP.I.Masado M-Masado(Shirasu Silica 1.4-1.7 Silica 0.18-2.0 ToyouraAioChiibishi JIS A 1202 9.5mm 2.62.8 g/cm 3 CA 1.952.24 g/cm 3 20 20 30 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 30 Grain size (mm) Grain size (mm) Grain size (mm) 1 2 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 Percent finer by weight (%) 100 80 60 40 U-Masado P.I.Masado Shirasu Silica 1.4-1.7 Silica 0.18-2.0 Toyoura s (g/cm 3 ) s (g/cm 3 ) (250 d 50 (mm) U c e max e min A r R c C.A.a 1.954 2.293 2.228 13.8 1.776 0.948 1.398 1.665 C.A.b 2.066 2.132 0.562 16.9 1.510 0.860 1.412 2.004 C.A.c 2.079 2.156 1.174 16.5 1.423 0.772 1.508 1.508 C.A.d 2.092 2.256 2.563 36.4 2.019 1.086 1.550 1.572 C.A.e 2.197 2.358 1.147 15.2 1.528 0.868 1.478 1.798 C.A.f 2.240 2.371 1.628 13.5 1.572 0.902 1.532 1.783 U-Masado 2.587-1.010 9.45 0.932 0.487 1.445 1.251 P.I.Masado 2.624-0.546 7.00 0.967 0.491 1.412 1.248 M-Masado 2.690-0.600 15.5 9 1.180 0.640 1.410 1.270 Shirasu 2.307-0.175 11.8 1.494 0.775 1.537 1.347 Silica 1.4-1.7 2.639-1.550 1.10 0.881 0.632 1.190 1.150 Silica 0.18-2.0 2.665-0.736 2.20 0.936 0.588 1.281 1.159 Toyoura 2.643-0.200 1.20 0.973 0.635 1.454 1.203 Aio 2.633-0.400 2.74 0.958 0.582 1.557 1.274 Chibishi 2.821-0.613 2.40 1.574 0.983 1.834 1.500 Silica 1.4-1.7 0.182.0 (mm) Percent finer by weight (%) 100 80 60 40 Aio Chiibishi Toyoura 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 30
CA 250m CA 250 m 9.5mm 15 60 CA 4) CA 2856% 3663% U c 13 36 CAC.A.af R c A r CA 1.41.6 1.52.0 CA 2.2 Silica1.4-1.7 Clinker ash C.A. a Silica0.18-2.0 C.A. b Shirasu 2.0 Toyoura U-Masado C.A. e P.I.Masado Aio C.A. f 1.8 Chiibishi 1.6 1.4 ellipse 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Aspect ratio Ar fm d 0 fm SilicaToyouraU-MasadoShirasu CA Shirasu d 0 R oundness coefficient R c CA fm d 0-0.79 CA 1/51/10 500 Silica Toyoura 100 Shirasu 0.79 1 U-Masado Clinker Ash 10 C.A. a C.A. b C.A. e C.A. f 1 0.1 1 5 Particle size d 0(mm) U-Masado CA CA U-Masado CA CAC.A.aC.A.f dmax U-Masado 1.78g/cm 3 CA 0.971.16g/cm 3 Mean crushing stress fm (MPa) Dry density d (g/cm 3 ) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 C.A. s= 2.1 0 U-Masado s=2.59 C.A. a C.A. b C.A. e C.A. f U-Masado 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Water contents w (%)
C.A. af M-Masado Silica 0.18-2.0 JGS 0524-2000 c =50100200kPa 0.2%/min d D r D c c (g/cm 3 ) (%) (%) kpa C.A.a 0.712 4 73 C.A.b 0.867 20,40 85,90 C.A.c 0.876 8,59 77,90 50,100,200 C.A.d 0.741 21,72 75,90 C.A.e 0.879 4 77 C.A.f 0.890 8 77 M-Masado 1.657 102 90 30,60,120 Silica 0.18-2.0 1.636 90 50,100,200, 300,400,500 CA Silica 0.18-2.0 M-Masado s c CA CA 50kPa 40 C.A.d c 200kPa s =34.6 CA c =50 200kPa 35 30 CA 5 CA JIS A 1218 CA 6Ec 1.0 10-2 cm/sec k r Secant angle s (deg.) Secant angle s (deg.) Coefficient of permeability k(cm/s) 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 C.A. a(loose:dr=4%,d c=73%) C.A. b(loose:dr=20%,d c=85%) (Loose:Dr=8%,D c=77%) (Loose:Dr=21%,D c=75%) C.A. e(loose:dr=4%,d c=77%) C.A. f (Loose:Dr=8%,D c =77%) 100 0.1 1000 1 Confining pressure c' (kpa) C.A.b(Dense:Dr=40%,Dc=90%) C.A.c(Dense:Dr=59%,Dc=90%) C.A.d(Dense:Dr=72%,D c=90%) M-Masado (Dense:Dr=102%,Dc=90%) Silica0.18-2.0 (Dense:Dr=90%,Dc=%) 100 0.1 1000 1 Confining pressure c' (kpa) 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 k=0.002810 0.78e C.A. a(dc=73%) C.A. b (Dc=85%) (Dc=76%) (Dc=75%) C.A. e (Dc=77%) C.A. f (Dc=77%) C.A. b (Dc=90%) (Dc=90%) (Dc=90%) (3Ec) (3Ec) (6Ec) (6Ec) 4) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Void ratio e 18) 0.2 0m 1.0 0.2 CA 0.100.20-1m 0.350.40
Pressure head (m) -7-6 -5-4 -3-2 -1 C.A. b Sandy soil;(sf) Gravelly soil;(g),(g-f),(gf) Sandy soil ;(S),(S-F) 0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Moisture content by volume 0.100.20 0.350.40 1.0 CA 0.2 0.350.40 CA CA CA CA CA Us UcLsLm CA 1.0 Gravelly soil;(g),(g-f),(gf) Sandy soil;(s),(s-f),(sf) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 C.A. b 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Moisture content by volume Us Uc Ls (Lm C.A.c M-Masado CA CA M-Masado 0.50.7 CA CA C.A.b C.A.c C.A.d Relative hydraulic conductivity
t E K 0 e 0 D (g/cm 3 ) (KPa) (cm/sec) 1.17 6,800 0.213 0.270 1.0E-2 (C.A.b) 1.08 20,000 0.179 0.218 1.0E-2 (C.A.c) 1.04 10,700 0.199 0.249 1.0E-2 (C.A.d) (M-Masado) 1.83 13,800 0.333 0.364 1.0E-2 Us 1.80 7,000 0.333 0.499 1.0E-3 Uc 1.40 0.333 0.499 1.0E-7 2.40 0.434 0.686 0.073 1.20 (Ls) 2.00 14,000 0.333 0.499 1.0E-3 (Lm) 2.20 35,000 0.333 0.499 1.0E-3 M-MasadoC.A.bC.A.cC.A.d CA M-Masado 0.550.65 CA CA 0 1.5 1.3
t sat c S (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) (kpa) ( ) (cm/sec) (1/m) 1.90 2.00 23.0 13.0 1.8 10-3 1.0 10-4 (C.A. b) 1.11 1.47 0.0 43.9 3.2 10-2 1.8 10-4 () 1.24 1.53 0.0 45.0 3.4 10-2 2.5 10-4 () 1.08 1.47 0.0 41.4 3.4 10-2 1.1 10-4 2.00 2.10 33.0 15.0 1.9 10-3 1.0 10-4 2.00 2.10 302.0 21.0 1.0 10-8 7.5 10-7 24 80 1.8 Water level Minimum safety facter 0.887 Existing embankment Existing embankment 22 C.A. b C.A. b 1.7 20 18 16 1.6 1.5 1.4 14 40 1.3 12 10 1.2 1.1 8 1.0 6 0.9 1.318 4 6 9 18 15 15 15 12 10 20 27 46 64 60 50 27 20 18 4 4 14 7 3 2 2 1 0 4 0 5 10 15 20 25 28 29 0.8 Time (hour) Time (hour) CAC.A.c CA C.A.c 1.3 CA CA 6m 4.05.0m 4m 4.5m (SM490A) P-3 68mm W a t e r le vel (m ) M in im u m S afety facter F s m in
v (%) (KPa) (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) 10 12.30 1.157 1.030 20 15.50 1.178 1.020 40 13.18 1.161 1.026 60 13.34 1.171 1.033 2.180 80 13.80 1.165 1.024 100 13.74 1.171 1.030 120 13.25 1.166 1.030 90 10 120 KPa CA
19) 20) CA 6 CA CA CA CA CA CA CA 1) 2010. 2) 56 pp.4104112001. 3),,, 62 pp.2102112007. 4),,,,,,Vol.2No.4pp.271-285 2007. 5) 8 pp.43462008. 6) 43 pp.557558 2008. 7) 43 pp.5555562008. 8) CVol.65No.4 pp.897-9142009. 9) 8 pp.132-1402009. 10),,,, 65 pp.4474482010. 11),,,, 65 pp.4394402010. 12), 45 pp.4995002010. 13), 46 pp.5095102011. 14),,,, 66 pp.1291302011. 15), 47 pp.5035042012. 16) 47 pp.4774782012. 17). 18) p.47 14 7. 19) 27 pp.2461-24621992. 20) 2003. (2012 9 19 )