323 20186 JournalofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.32No.3 Jun.,2018 '? c 1,011 1, 2, 3, 3, 2 3, 3 2, 45 1 (1. N156, E, 9: <, <,271018; 2. : <, N, E, :/[ 0, 210037;3.$ A> U$ XW 0, 233001),-:Y CQR,*+ $b $ 0B A0 B b ',8 & 3 (20,40,60 mm/h)b 3 N $(20,30,40 ) " :(1) $ 20mm/hJ 60mm/h, c447_ 11~20s; $ 20 40, c447_* 17~22s (2) Q =WJ F, _ Q, PK_ (3) [ $ ( ), 40 mm/h Q 20 mm/h 4 J 37.3%~122.6%, 20mm/h4 1.5~19.5>; 60mm/h Q 40mm/h4 J 19.1%~26.7%, 40mm/h4 62.5%~151.8% (4) [ (), $ Q K $(30 ~40 ), Q $ J >J _K (5) $ 30 4 $ 56Q ; 40 4, $ * + " _ ^ O 0B!"T87 XWS 4*#^$%./0: ; CQR ; $; $;156 1 :157.1 234:A 56 :1009 2242(2018)03 0080 06 犇犗犐 :10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.03.013 犚狌狀狅犳犪狀犱犛犲犱犻犿犲狀狋犢犻犲犾犱犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊狅狀犠犪狊狋犲犛狅犻犾犪狀犱犛犾犪犵犉狅狉犿犲犱犳狉狅犿犚犪犻犾狑犪狔犆狅狀狊狋狉狌犮狋犻狅狀犻狀犑犻犪狅犱狅狀犵犘犲狀犻狀狊狌犾犪犚犲犵犻狅狀 ZHANG Ronghua 1,JINGShasha 1,ZHANG Hongda 2,LIHuan 3, ZHANGChunqiang 3,LIJiazuo 3,LIU Xia 2,ZHANG Guangcan 1 (1. 犜犺犲犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔狅犳犛狅犻犾犈狉狅狊犻狅狀犪狀犱犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犚犲狊狋狅狉犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵犘狉狅狏犻狀犮犲, 犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犆狅犾犲犵犲狅犳犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵犃犵狉犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犾犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犜犪犻 犪狀, 犛犺犪狀犱狅狀犵 271018;2. 犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犆狅犾犲犵犲狅犳犖犪狀犼犻狀犵犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔, 犑犻犪狀犵狊狌犓犲狔犔犪犫狅狉犪狋狅狉狔狅犳犛狅犻犾犪狀犱犠犪狋犲狉犆狅狀狊犲狉狏犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犈犮狅犾狅犵犻犮犪犾犚犲狊狋狅狉犪狋犻狅狀, 犆狅 犐狀狀狅狏犪狋犻狅狀犆犲狀狋犲狉犳狅狉犛狌狊狋犪犻狀犪犫犾犲犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犻狀犛狅狌狋犺犲狉狀犆犺犻狀犪, 犖犪狀犼犻狀犵 210037;3. 犠犪狋犲狉犪狀犱犛狅犻犾犆狅狀狊犲狉狏犪狋犻狅狀犕狅狀犻狋狅狉犻狀犵犆犲狀狋犲狉狅犳犎狌犪犻犺犲犠犪狋犲狉犚犲狊狅狌狉犮犲狊犆狅犿犿犻狋犲犲狅犳犎狌犪犻犺犲犠犪狋犲狉犚犲狊狅狌狉犮犲狊犆狅犿犿犻狊犻狅狀, 犅犲狀犵犫狌, 犃狀犺狌犻 233001) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Inordertostudytheefectofrunofandsedimentyieldonwasteandslagformedfromrailwaycon structioninjiaodongpeninsularegion,theartificialsimulatedrainfalexperimentswereconducted.accord ingtothecharacteristicsofrainfalandwastesoilandslaginthestudyarea,threediferentrainfalintensi tieswith20mm/h,40mm/h,60mm/handthreeslopegradientswith20,30,40 weredesigned.there sultsshowedthatbothrainfalintensityandslopegradientafectedinitialrunoftime,runof,sediment yield,erosionamountandsoon.(1)theinitialrunoftimedecreasedby11~20swithrainfalintensityin creasingfrom20mm/hto60mm/handshortened17~22swiththeslopechangingfrom20 to40,respec tively.(2)therunofandsedimentyieldincreasedsharplytothepeakduringtheearlyperiodofrainfal, andthentherunofgradualystabilizedandthesedimentyielddecreasedwiththefluctuationandfinalygrad ualystabilized.(3)underthesameslopegradient,therunofinrainfalintensitywith40 mm/hincreased 37.3%~122.6% compared with20 mm/handsedimentyield was1.5~19.5timesofthatin20 mm/h. However,therunofintherainfalintensitywith60mm/hjustincreased19.1%~26.7% comparedwith40 mm/h,andthesedimentyieldwasonlyaccountingfor62.5%~151.8% ofthatin40mm/h.(4)underthe samerainfalintensity,theefectofslopegradientonrunofandsedimentyieldhadacriticalslopebetween :2018 01 11 :$ A> U!" 0B!" %; 4@ *+ (SBJ 2014 009);$ A> U!" $ ` 4 O P XW (HWSBJ201302); N!" NN` 4 O P XW (SWJ201601) : A (1984-),, :A, 34,-./0XW *+ E mail:zrhua5766@163.com : (1971 ),, ;,34,-./0XW *+ E mail:liuxia@njfu.edu.cn
3 A : 0B D 81 30 and40,andtherunofandsedimentyieldincreasedfirstandthendecreasedwiththeincreaseofslope. (5)Whentheslopegradientwas30,thecontributionofslopegradienttosoilerosionwasgreaterthanthe rainfalintensity,whilethecontributionofrainfalintensityobviouslyexceededtheslopegradientat40. Theresultscanprovidetechnicalsupportforthesoilandwaterlossmonitoringandcontrolduringthecon structionprocessoftherailwayprojectinjiaodongpeninsularegion. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :wastesoilandslag;artificialsimulationrainfal;rainfalintensity;slopegradient;soilerosion,0b=xj1, Dc1J,? 0 T U T U G,?0K =X 4.?0 T8 D, T B 2[ P [1 3], F Q P F F b b c ' $ P P 7976O,KF J -. 8 [4 5] -, CD ' HE " K HY CQR [5 10] 9 [3,11 13] O \ a W [14] V,, T8!"CD ' 156 S4 : ; cx *+ 156, Dong [6]?1 B ' *+=, $ 1 Q, $ 156 1 Q,. 9 b O ' 2MC " [7] O *+ =, 5 6 W,15 min _,.35 Q F D,40 F S, 5 6 1 _B $ $ ] CR6 W < [9] E %;2[O 2[ SCD ' IQ, R-*+2[ IQ D, 31O c447 $b IQ J K, 1b 4Q> _, Q 10% *+, $b $ 2[ ' ^ O0B CD ' 156 *+S, \ 0BT8 D D *+2 = -, R ^ O0B $,B CQR V 2[ $2[ $ 0B,R O0B!";C7 * 6, 0BT8 D!#^ *+* M 1 -./' 1.1 ^ G A O, N G, >A A,? ^, A, @ ^ b A AF 0B IJ G :A O -., ^ -. Y, >? DK34+300AB B (I)~AF (I),= 281.88km( 67.18 km, G 148.8km,:A 65.9km),\ V 120 20 122 25, @36 11 37 32 CD 2010 10;C,20141228 cy N N` Ob 4 O C [15], A 0B\S ^ GN` O - N` O D N` 4 O 0B / S-. 6 9 ' bca -. 6 9 ' b G 6, G R -, 7E9 ', G :A O ca, G,:A -.,7 7Q SScA A# ^#$ [0 @, " #$, Q,#$, [H #11.6~13.6, Q560~750mm,60% [, $, 1 S-. 1 N P A#, -. ( 犘犻狀狌狊狋犺狌狀犫犲狉犵犻犘犪狉犾.) ( 犚狅犫犻狀犻犪狆狊犲狌犱狅犪犮犪犮犻犪犔犻狀狀.) 0 B 8 km >? Y 23.62% 1.2 ]^_` 1.2.1 O 6 -+ C156 P ], -. 8 D A 0BCDH 6N T8 RS / D, + / B S 9 PS, S Q&, aw2014 2016 Q 8 8 1, 6 Q &,H 8 G : A 2 7 8 15min, H$ 0.1mm O^ [16] * 5 6,* + O aw4 =, 15, 5 6,H 8 6 9 15,56 E Q 12~60 mm, E Q =, 2014 7 24 25,
82 32 204.3mm $-.H8 16~60 mm/h, $ 62.7 mm/h,=, 2015 8 21 -, * + Q R 8 & 20, 40,60mm/h 1.2.2 7 7896 -+ @P?H _', 7 H 2, & A 0 B ( ),6Q ', / S,Y 156 ;B $ ; W,WQ ( ), $?$, + Y 32N ( ),E aw, _', /R X Y - ' -. 8 B, S F c F P F,R -,,,,76, =, 56 '?$-.H8 7~26m, $ 20 ~35, $ 38.2 -, *+ QR 8& $ 20,30,40 1.3 TUGV]^ QR 2016 7 8 9 : C / C Q R 8 9 S QYJY-503,ABZ QR O I >? 12~200mm/h, O 20~ 300mm/h, %;#$ 7mm/h, $>0.8, $ % ; 4 7 <30s B 2m Q1m?0.5m _ P $ 8 A0B ( ),? 4.5m R, -T4 PUW5 cm, P 6 T 25cm,BH5, T E, 7 20cm 2 E,RQR P T Z _, B V W 1,B^ VW IQ D 4b $ 56, QR 4 60 min, 9,,,W! (1.2±1.0)g/cm 3, I Q (20±1.0)%, G MC c4_a, c4 47 D, _ P P MN5L G$, P 4UG 47 c4_ 5 min 1minB500mL?, _ 5min 1E, 47 1min, 2[_ P 47MC, Z Z_, Q?, H 5,B^ VWQ? Q,& \47? Q 6 B Excel2007 ) 2 +0/1 2.1 GV Q '? cab 2.1.1 CD:B; M,, G()2[, C c447, =,, ` 156 2[ [17] 1_, [M $, c44 7 $ J,_ 17~22s; [ $ G(), c 4 4 7 $ J,_ 11~20s &, c447 $ $ J K,Q, E=I [18] bjb [19] *+ MC. 30 G(), c44 7 $ J M *,60 mm/h 47 K 40 mm/h, c 447 $ 2 Q,_O O0B H8 1 O` 3K 1!GV Y! '? cp 2.1.2 @ D 2[ $b2[ $(), Q 4 =J 1J,30 min _ D ( 2) =,? O,IQ, _E,M 47_, _ F -. ], GH F, Q [19] [ $(), $ J, Q QJ /20mm/hJ 40mm/h, [ $, QJ 37.3%~122.6%,\R20 J ; /40mm/hJ 60mm/h, Q J 19.1%~26.7%, $ J Q, $ J,, Q J
3 A : 0B D 83 [ $(), Q $ J Q >J _K, 30 Q $ J Q,M $C, 47C,C A,;M $ J, ' K, C QK 2!GVWXY '?bc : 2.2 GV Q '? AB 2.2.1 C 2 [ $ b $ ( ), DV Y P 3N=X, =WJ F,5~20 min_ 47Q PK ( 3), E [20] Q R *+ I 1 D =, P P,, H P, 9 /, C 47 J ;, P KS, ; b,k J,K F,J L $b $, M D $ 3 B,[4 J, J, QK, I K [9,21] 3!GV Y '? : F 47 2[ $() 2MC 20mm/h 4, F, 4~6min, 40,60mm/h 4, F, 10~20min, $ J,I $ 56 =X D, $C,MN C, = F, Q, 2, 562 =X,O856 W, [22], CI Q P [ $(), $ J, Q J, 40 mm/h 20 mm/h 1.5~19.5>,\R20 J, $ $.? $ (60 mm/h),, 4, 2 S F [18], C, 40mm/h 62.5%~151.8%,2 [ $() [ $(20,40mm/h)(), $J >J _K, 30 4, $ 40mm/h4 $2[ F, P J $ 60mm/h4, $J >J _K,20min _
84 32 $J K, 30min_,2 [ $() $ 56 $ 2.2.2 @ QR 2[ $ 2[ $() 56 D 2[ 4_, G $ 20 4,?56Q $ J J ; G $ 30 b40 4,?56Q $ J >J _K, $ 40 42[ $ ()?56Q $ 5 6 $ $(), $ J, Q J, B2 J, / 61O J, C56QJ $(), 4, -.56 S 56, PO, 56,?,,56Q ; $J, 56 6 56, P () /, J,56QJ ; 4, PO,. P KS,; b,3 B,56Q M D$ K [ $(), $ J,1 56Q QM J, ^M $ _2 J, K, $ 15 6 K $ * + $ 40 4?56 Q 30 4,-. $, ' K, QK, C56QK $ 0B $,G $/ ( ) 20 mm/h 56Q/g 40 mm/h 60 /h 1 K $ 30 ~40 [12] BC b E 9 CD ' 56K $ 33 ~35 4 '? Z[ R $20mm/h $20 4 56Q, 40,60 mm/h b30,40 $ 56Q H2, $ $ N ] 56Q 1_, $ 30 4, b $ B C56Q J,40,60mm/h $() $ H 55.0%,56.7%, $,. 2 ; $ 40 4,40,60mm/h $() $ H 91.1%,82.7%,, $ [, M $>?, $ 56 -. ]; $J,, K $_, $ 562 =:-. B, $F 56 -. ] GV Q '? Z[ Q JQ/g $JQ/g JQ/g $ /% /% 20 120.4 2886.7 4273.1 2766.3 4152.7 0 0 2766.3 4152.7 0 0 100.0 100.0 30 2872.9 5121.2 4975.6 5000.8 4855.2 2752.5 2752.5 2248.3 2102.7 55.0 56.7 45.0 43.3 40 750.4 7203.8 3756.9 7083.4 3636.5 630.0 630.0 6453.4 3006.5 8.9 17.3 91.1 82.7 : $JQ [ $, $J ` 56Q J Q; JQ [ $, J ` 56Q J Q 3 + (1) $ $ J, c447*, $ 47 $ (2) 4, QQ=WJ F,30 min_ D [ $(), Q (20,40mm/h)4 J QJ ; (60mm/h)4 QJ $, [ (), $ Q K $, Q $ J Q>J_K (3) 4=WJ F,5~20min _ PK [ $(), 20, 40mm/h 4 $ J QJ,.60mm/h C [ ( ), $ 30 4 $,40 4, $, $ K $ (30 ~40 ), $ J >J_K RS : [1],E,, b,., T 8! " G 1QR 6 [J].,2012,26 (5):229 234. [2],E,, b,., T 8! " S D[J].,2013,11(1):88 94. [3],?^6, 3.CD ' 156 P D[J].9:CD,2013,29(24):94 102. [4] `, 2,,. 0 O I C D ' 256 265. [J]. X,2016,27(2): [5],, 2,",.Q R ( ) 2[ :; K K @ 0 [J]. 1,2017,54
3 A : 0B D 85 (6):1357 1368. [6] DongJZ,ZhangKL,GuoZL.Runofandsoilerosion from highway construction spoildeposits: A rainfal simulationstudy [J].TransportationResearchPartD: TransportandEnvironment,2012,17:8 14. [7] ", 2, T,. O 5 6 DS W[J].1,2015,52(5):1044 1057. [8] `, 2, ',. ' P _ 6 K *+[J].? *+,2014(2):49 54. [9] <, 2,",.Q R ( ) I 3 1CD ' D [J]. B,,2015, 26(9):2673 2680. [10] <,, 2,.2[ :; b, [J].Y,2016,24(6): 1263 1271. [11] PengX D,ShiD M,JiangD,etal.Runoferosion processondiferentunderlyingsurfacesfromdisturbed soilsinthethreegorgesreservoirarea,china [J]. Catena,2014,123:215 224. [12],,,. 9 () CD ' 5 6 P [J].9 : C D, 2016,32(18):153 161. [13],,,.2 CD ' QR 56 *+[J].1,2017,54(3):558 569. [14], 2,],,.b, :;KK @0H2[J]. <,2014,29 (4):59 64. [15] N A / ( Q [2016]1 ). N A / =8N` Ob 4 O Y C[Z].2016 01 25. [16].XW#^[M]. : T, 2004. [17], M. O CY 447* +[J].,1995,9(3):78 83. [18] E=I,>.1 b [J].,2005,3(2):97 101. [19] Jb, L, U.31 S D *+[J].,2009,23(4):36 43. [20] E,,.I 1 1S D*+[J].,2011,9(1):99 103. [21] ],B, P Q. S 1 56 [J].,2010,24(2):15 18,34. [22] WilcoxBP,Wood M K,TrombleJM.Factorsinflu encinginfiltrabilityofsemiarid mountainslopes [J]. JournalofRangeManagement,1988,41:197 206. (GH 79 ) [24] SheDL,LiuDD,XiaY Q,etal.Modelingefectsof landuseandvegetationdensityonsoilwaterdynamics: Imlicationsonwaterresourcemanagement[J].Water ResourcesManagement,2014,28:2063 2076. [25] \,, =. 606 OPQ 1 H [J].Y,2006,14(3):261 264. [26] ShaltoutK H,ShededM G,El KadyHF,etal.Phy tosociologyandsizestructureofnitrariaretusaalong theegyptianredseacoast[j].journalofaridenvi ronment,2003,53:331 345. [27]?,R b `,S,. H 8 b! ( 犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狊狆犺犪犲狉狅犮狆犺犪犾犪 ) D O [J].,2015,35(1):1 7. [28] McClaranM P,Moore KuceraJ,MartensDA,etal. Soilcarbonandnitrogeninrelationtoshrubsizeand deathinasemi aridgrassland [J].Geoderma,2008, 145(1/2):60 68. [29] DuH D,JiaoJY,JiaYF,etal.Phytogenicmounds offourtypicalshootarchitecturespeciesatdiferent slopegradientsontheloessplateauofchina[j].ge omorphology,2013,193:57 64. [30] \,,,.X Y! ( 犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪狅狉犱狅狊犻犮犪 ) - " 7 H 8 D [J]., 2016(1):45 50. [31], 33,,.T 45b 45 b=,s O *+[J]. U > ( ),2012,32(3):65 70. [32] TU,, *. ] O * + X [J].,2010,65(3):339 350. [33] 3&.60 6 < S P D * +[D].,!: 9 #,2017. [34],,E,. ]!( 犃狉狋犲犿犻 狊犻犪狅狉犱狅狊犻犮犪 ) D [J].,2015, 35(3):565 572. [35],,VA,. W D"7 P *+[J].,2009,29(4): 628 635. [36],, _. ]O/0-X 1 *+[J]. B,,2006,17(4):583 586. [37] RaviS,BreshearsD D,Huxman T E,etal.Land degradationindrylands:interactionsamonghydrolog ic aeolianerosionandvegetationdynamics [J].Geo morphology,2010,116(3/4):236 245. [38] RaviS,D OdoricoP,OkinGS.Hydrologicandaeoli ancontrolsonvegetationpaternsinaridlandscapes [J].GeophysicalResearch Leters,2007,34(24): 1061 1064.