9. 9.. > B B : B. V, t T, P, L, 9-: 9-: t w t 9-3:9-4: 9-
( ) F,, 9-5: CH 3 COOCH 3 H O CH3 COOHCH 3 OH. 3. W, w 9.. 0 Bi lg Pi i ntoine t + C FN-φ+ N, φ F i 9-
, P constant,, F, t. F F BB F B Raoult low p 0 P P 0 alton low p 0 B P B B P 0 (-) B P p +p B p P P p B P B P(-) P P P P - - P B - 0 9-6:p- p P 0 p B P B 0 B P B0 (-) P p + p B P B 0 +(P 0 -P B 0 ) t-- t t- P constant t- t: (P-P B 0 )/(P 0 -P B 0 )(t) t: p /PP 0 /P (t) P constant. 9-7:t- i K i i K i K i P 0 i / P 0 i( l ) K i 0 i( g ) 0 9-8: - 9-3
. ( ) ν p / ν B p B / B 0 ν i P i. : B / > B p p p B / / / ν /ν B B B p B B B α ν /ν B α > α (t) α α +(α -α ) α m (α +α )/ 3. α/[+(α-)] 0-: () (B) log P 0 6.897-06/(t+0.) mmhg log P B 0 6.953-344/(t+9.4) mmhg P atm t 80. 84 88 9 96 00 04 08 0.6 P 0 760 856 963 08 0 350 50 668 783 P B 0 9 334 38 434 49 556 67 705 760 0.86 0.65 0.504 0.373 0.57 0.5 0.057 0 0.99 0.85 0.77 0.594 0.456 0.300 0.5 0 α.60.56.53.49.46.43.40.37.35 0.96 0.8 0.74 0.594 0.459 0.306 0.30 0 0.99 0.85 0.79 0.594 0.456 0.300 0.6 0 ()P 0 0 i : P 0 PB () (P-P B 0 )/(P 0 -P B 0 ) 9-4
(P 0 /P) 0 P i (3) α αp 0 0 /P B α B / B ( ) α B / B ( ) t80. α B / B 0/0 α α P 0 /P B 0 (4) α α m (α +α )/ α m /[+(α m -)] α.36+0.5 α/[+(α-)] :. F F BB F B p i P i 0 i p i P i 0 γ i i p t (P 9 ) F ij < { F F ii jj } p > P i i 0 i γ i > F ij > { F F ii jj } p < P i i 0 i γ i < i i α. i p i : i i 0 i i p i φ i 3. 9-5
i K i i K i 0 il () 0 (γ I φ i ) i( g) α B / B α/[+(α-)] 4. P α 9.3... 9-9: τ τ+dτ w w-dw -d 0 dw 0 w-(w-dw)(-d) wd(-)dw B.C t0 ww tt ww w d ln w 3. α/[+(α-)] w ln ln w α W B W B + αln /W - B /W /W - B /W B ln αln B B B m+b α 9-6
w ln ln w m W W W -W. + w ( ) w w V, ; 0<q<; T; F, q. FW L, w 9-0: F +W w + F qw/ q/f q q q α/[+(α-)] : : F :,q; q : (-q),, W, 9- t e Qr 9-7
FC pf (T-t e ) QrFC pf (T-t e ) T t e + Qr FC p PP>p +p B T. 4 3 t 5 4 3 w 9-: 3 4 5 w w 9-3:9-4:,,. 9-8
F, 9.4.,.. : Vn In Ln - i n - V n+ I n+ +L n- i n- V n I n +L n i n I n+ r n+ +i n+ I n r n +i n W, w 9-5: n : : I ; : r ; Vn + In + Ln in 9-6 i i i 3 i n i r r r 3 r n r (V n+ -V n )r(l n -L n- +V n -V n+ )I : L n +V n V n+ +L n- : V n+ V n : L n- L n L L L 3 L n L V V V 3 Vn V L ' L' L' 3 L' n L' V ' V ' V 3 ' Vn ' V' 9-9
. F+W F +W w F F,, w W w η /F : W, w 9-7:. ; n VL+ V n+ L n + n+ V L n + /V L/VL/(L+) RL/ L R n + n + n + L + L + R + R + R : + R + R + α/[+(α-)] 3 n+ 0 (, ) R/(R+), /(R+) n V n+ L n, 9-8: 3 9-9: 9-0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( 3 ) n+, 3. m L V +W L m V m+ +W w L V W V m+ m W n + L V W V W V L W W L W L W L w, ( w, w ) V W w L'? 9-0: V' m + L' n n RL/ L' L,L'>F+L V'<V; B L'F+L V'V; C FL F +V F, L'L+L F V'V+V F ; VV'+F L'L; E V>V'+F L'<L t E C B F+L+V'L'+V Fi F +Li+V'IL'i+VI L L I i F I i q i q II i q>; B: q; C: 0<q<; 9-: q<0 q0 q> q 0<q< w 9-9-
L'L+qF : q0; E: q<0. V'V-(-q)F VL+ V'L'-W w FW+ L'L+qF V'V-(-q)F ( R R + qf + ) ( q )F ( R F + ) ( q )F w 4. q (R+)R+ [(R+)-(-q)F](R+qF)-F F + (q-)fqf-f F q q q (, ) R + + q, R + q 5. : q ( ) ( ) i F R 6. abcd, c 9-
w w w (a) (b) (c) (d) w σαµ PTGL 9-3: Murphree E mv n * n n+ n+ E mv (GL) E ml n n n n n n+ * n 9-4:Murphree n- n E 0 N/Ne N e N E o 9-48P 54 7. HETP HNHETP HETP H og N/N OG (-)/ln NN OG HHETP. Q B Q F Q R 9-3
Q B G B I B i B Q F Fi F Q R RC R t R Q v +Q w +Q l Q v (R+)I v Q F Q V Q R Q Q w Wc w t w Q B Q F Q R Q v +Q w +Q l Q B Q B (R+)I v +Wc w t w - Fi - RC R t R +Q (R+)I l v G B Q B /(I B -i B ). Q c (R+)(I v -C R t R ) Q w 9-5 Q c (R+)r v G c Q c /C c (t out -t in ). R N R NN min R R + R + R + R + qf F ( R + ) ( q )F ( R + ) ( q )F α ( / B )/( / B ) R w w 9-6: i α B i i+ i B B i+ B i ( / B ) ( / B ) i ( / B ) (/α )( / B ) (/α )( / B ) ( / B ) ( / B ) (/α )( / B ) ( / B ) (/α )( / B ) (/α α )( / B ) 9-4
N αα N α N min αα Lα B W N α L N α W N w lg α α α w w lg lg α F0 0 W0 w B R min R min ( ) (a) (b) (c) α + ( α ) R min e R + min e q e R min α α q0: e R R R opt : NR: min α α q R + q R q 0<q< ( ) ( )( ) min min q min 0 R (a) (b) (c) 9-7: 9-5
V(R+) N Q c (R+)r c GVM Q b [(R+)-(-q)F]r b 3 R N 3 N min R min 9-8: R(.)R min R Rmin R opt 9-9: R T < T l L L 0. V'V-(-q)F Q b Qc ( q)f rb rc Q c constant q Q b V' Q b constant q V Q c N Q' q q N 9-6
. N N Y min N + R Rmin X R +. Y Y 0. 75( X 0.567 ) 3. N min, lg B lgα α α α B 9-30 X N : N N N N min, min F5 kg/s, F 0.4; 0.98; w 0.0 P α.47; E 0 0.7 M 0.4M b +0.6M T 86.6 kg/kmol F5 kg/s 53600/86.6 00 kmol/h () 79. kmol/h W 0.8 kmol/h ()q (3)R R opt q, R min α α.6 9-7
80N(R+) w lg lg N min lg α R Rmin R 8. 6 X R + R + N N Y min N. 6 N + N + w 8.6 R.8.8.93 3.9 5.55 8.83 N 3 7 4.5.5.5 0 N(R+) 64.4 55.8 57 6.5 75.3 98.3 N(R+)R 0-3 R opt. R/R min./.6.3 (3) 0.678+0.36.49-9.840-3 q N7- N'7 R., X(.-.6)/(.+)0.58 Y0.5 N8.9 (4) E 0 0.7 N e N/E 0 6/0.7.83 70 60 50 4 6 R 9-3:R opt N N e E 0 7 07. 0 30mol 3.0 9-8
() /F0.4; () /F0.; (3) /F0.3; N R3.0 w 0 w 0 05. R R +.4 > w 0 () /F0.4 >, FW F W w w 0, F < w 0, F /0.3/0.40.75 () /F0. < F, w 0, F F /0.3/0..5 > F w F 0.5 F F (3)/F0.3 F, F 0.3 0.7 w w 0. 3 4 :,. dt ma :,,..,., N (00mmH O ), t,, 9-3: 9-9
Pconstant, :,, -, 99.9% 90%, 0.7,,,,,. N,R w ( ); : W, R, V',, R, W :, F, R F, :, w 3. 9.5. F,. SV. S V V' L L' W, w, 9-33: L S V W V n+ + W w L n L W n+ n V V S V L W W n+ S n w n+ 0 W ( ) n W 9-34: 0 ' w w 9-0
3. S ; w'>w, w.. F,,q ( ), V, L,,,, : ;, : LW+VqF V+(-q)F V-(-q)F. : :F,,q; : w ; : ; : N W, w 9-35: : w m a : 9-36: V n+ L n -W w L W qf W w w V V ( q) F ( q) F ( w, w ),,,,,N, ( ),V ( ),, ma,.. R : + R + R + L F : + V V w 9-37: 9-
L Ww : V V 3. : ; ; ; ; : R(.)R min 9.6. ; ;.. Pp w +p m : P p w p 0 w : B, p m p 0 + p 0 B (-) Pconstsnt, : P p 0 w + p 0 + w p 0 B (-) F(t)0 0 : P- p p 0 + p 0 B (-) t P m P W 9-38: : (t)p- 0 p w g(t) p 0 + p 0 B (-), (P 3 0-3). :,, : 9-
0 n w p w w 0 0 nm pm p + pb( ) 0 M w p ; G w G m - w 0 0 M p + p ( ) : G' w G w /φ m p B., :,,,, ( ), w, ( ), 9-39: R, ; R, : :, ; : ; :, ; :. w 9-40: : F, :, w η : R R ( q?) : Nτ we W R we (R ) we 9-3
We R min Rmin We Rmin + We We Rmin We R (..0)R min : R + R+ R+ N dτ vdτ v kmol/s vdτ(r+)d F+W We F F +W W F F ( F W W F d W ) d F vdτ ( R + )F d ( W ) F F R + τ ( F ) d v We ( W ) F R + d We ( W ) R W 3 N R 4 R + W ( W ) F R + d We ( ) Vτv W 5 we F 9-4
3. () F F W Fe R m + () F F R min Fe Rmin Fe Fe F ( F Fe ) 3 R(..0)R min,,... R m +.7( ) (3) F dτ F ln W F W -... W F F W W... 4 V(R+), kmol Vτv τ V/v F W d τ W F τ t τ + τ F/τ t 9-5
(α) - 0.894, 78.5-0.099, 97.9 ( )α.0 - α.0 α. - - 0.894 ( ) (64.9) 0.539 0.8 0.33 : 74.5%.7% 3.8% : 4.8% 35% 60.7% 64.9-89.4% - 9-6
. 0 α.08 ~.54 F 0.5 0.99 η0.95 N min 8. 8 α.69 ~.4 N min.7 3.,, 9-7
,, ( ), : () ; (),, ;, 4. 9-8
MTBE 9.7.. n n- 4. 0.5 0.5. K i i / i p o i γ/p Wilson NRTL UNIQUC 9-9
K PT K K. j a ij i/ i j / j K i /K j 9-30