ê ê 3 ê, ùi ê ê ê ê tùi Tsou ê 67 ê tī boe Che hām kā ê khah ê mā be-sái ê. Tsou 1. (Austronesian) kap, ê ê tī DNA ùi gō a Be-chío Dahl, Blust, Li ê kap ê chin ê Tsou chin chē e-sái ê chit ki hām ê ho ng tit-beh ê ê hām Tsou 6000 goa Chin ê kap kap ê e-tàng hen-chu-siê beh tui-sak kan-tan ah-si tioh tō e-sái iah-si.chin-má ê, gín-áê ê 1
2. 2.1 kap kut-lak ê, Creole ê ê ê. ê ùi ê 17 tō 1. ê 2 sio-khoa nia. 1930,. so a tī kap liau ê M-bién kah ê thui-sak 国 ùi ê ê ê Chit-ê koh Kan-ta n ê tō ê ê kā chhun Tsou ê ê kap ê Tsou lai-teê e-tàng Tsou kap kap Tsou ê so a ta n e-hiáu chin 3, kap ê an-chuan? ê koh leh? beh thui-sak ài Tsou ê gín-á ê kap ê e-tàng ê 1 tī ê mā ho. -cho 2 sio. ng ê tī 1591 内抜 Sanctos no Gosagvoeo no uchi Naqigaqiê 2
2.2 Tsou kā Tsou Tsou kap Tsou Tsou ê kap ê Tsou (Tapangu) (Tfuya), kap bo-kāoê (Imutsu) ê (Luhtu) Tsou tī ê sa'aluakap kanakanavu Tsou 庒 ê Tsou http://ici.ntntc.edu.tw/ http://www.alishan.gov.tw 3. beh ê ê 庒 ê gín-á tī Tsou ê ê kap 3
ê á ê Kā kap á ê kap Tsou ê hām ê lóe ê 4. kap ài chit, ê kap, hām ê., chit ê khah, ê ê. teh chit ê, khah ê, ê. 4.1 4.1.1 Tsou ê sia-mih ê hit ê ah tan ê ùi ah-si tioh hit ê ê tioh (Claude 2000) Tsou ê ê Tsou ê Bo-sia n sia-mih ê Chit ê ê beh ê kap ê ê tī ê gín-á lo ng-chó ng Koh (1995) ê ê be -hiáu Tsou in ê ê, ê Tsou ê chit ê e-tàng zu zu gín-á ê kap be-sái 4
4.1.2 Tī -lin bo-aì?? ê be ê khah eh. ê 2-ê, lin kap. kap ê tī chhin Tsou tī hām tī Tsou ê tō 1 hām tī lai-té ê tō, beh an-cuan. Tī chia ê,. Hām Bilingual ê bo. Na ánne, Tsou Claude (2000) ê beh ê 4.2 ê 4.2.1 1 50 ê kam? Tsou ê, Tsou tō ná teh, Chin. ê, 8 ê e-tng e-hiáu Tsou. beh 1-e, 1 50 ê kam? ê kap. ê leh?,, ài koh ê goa, á ê hām goa. Chit ê chin. e-hiu ê beh 8, ê, chhun 4. Lan e-tàng ùi ê. Tsou ê ài ê, khah kap ê. 2 ê khah kap ê Tsou chin, chin. gín-á ê tioh. 5
4.2.2 ê ê kap ê ê. 3. kap ê,, 1 3 0, beh 0 6 1 sa n, chin 8 6 6 chin 13 8 1 chin 6 2 1 0 3 2 28 28 11 Ùi 3 e-tàng, ê, chin ê, mā chin ê. Chia e ê kap. m-si ê ah ê. ê, mā chok-chē chin ê. e-tàng, m ê. ê, tioh ê,, ê. tioh (identity) ê,, mā ê. Beh an-chuan ê kap, aupài khah-koh. 4.3 kam? 4.3.1 khah ah-si khah? Tsou ê (1998) kap ê. Chit 2 ùi (1992) ê lô e sio-kho a ê. Tùi ê ê, 6 9 m ê hām lām, ê 3 1., khah ê 7 2, khah 6
ê 2 8( 4). 4. ê kap ê khap khah m 40 6 46(69%) 8 13 21(31%) 48(72%) 19(28%) 67 : Lán, lai-té, 100, m-koh soa ta n 20. ê mā chin-chío. ánne ê, bo k-kuài., ê. M-koh e-tàng ê, 1) Tsou, koh hām ê goa-chē, 2) kam ài. 5. 5.1 Tsou ê kap Sio ng kātsou ê (1918) m-koh be-chío khah ê (1935) Khah ê (1964). Cheng i hām tioh ê (1976) ê lô e ê /e//o/, chit 2-e be ê ê [y][w] ê koh ê (vowel sequence) kap (diphthone) ê (1979) mā ê ikoh /b/, /d/ nâ-âu / b/ / d/ koh 将 beh ê [r] (1992) ê ê 7
koh ê chin Tsou ê ê sio-kho a /w/ hām (2000)beh chin-tōaê 5. Tsou ê I.P.A Tung(1964) (1976) (1992) Wright(1999) (2000) (Vowels) [i][j] i i i i i [e] e e e e e [a] a a a a a [o] o o o o o [u][w] u u u u u [] [] (Approximants) [j] e y y j y(glide) [w] o w w w o (Oral stops) Voiceless plosive [p]([p h ]) p p p p p [t] ([t h ]) t t t t t [k]([k h ]) k k k k k [] [] Voiced implosives [] b b b b[] [] d l d d[] (Nasal stops) [m] m m m m m [n] n n n n n (ng) ng[] (Retroflex) r (Affricate) r [ts][t] c c c ts c (Fricatives) 8
[f] f f f f f [s][] s s s s s [h] h h x(h) h h [v] v v v v v [z][ ] z z z z z Lán e-tàng ùi Tsou lai-tékhap ê [e/j/y][w/o]kap nâ-âut ê [b][d] /n [ts/c], [h/x]. bd ê ng (1992) [x] khap mā hkhah chhun [j/y][w/o]kap [ts/c] ê. [w] ah-si [o] khah leh? Tsou ê hām ê, koh ê wkhah., mā-si [-o], ê [oo]. Ánne 2-e ê ah-si 1-e ê., [j] kap [y] ê, ùi ê yhām [y] ê khap. [j] [d ], ê tō y [ts/c] ê, [ts] hām, m-koh ê,,yainca ya-in-ca yaintsamāu ya-int-sa m sia-mih c khap. tī [ts] tō a. 5.2 Tsou ê hām goa-chē? Tsou kap ê [ü] kap ê nâ-âu [] Tsou [g] Tsou kap ê /p//t//k/ ê Tsou 6-e kap /aa//ii//uu//ee//oo//üü/ e-sáisio 2-e hām khah be 9
ê ê /c/ /s//k/tsou /ts// t/ Tsou /b//d/ nâ-âut êbd Tsou bo ê long ê ê chío. e-hiáu koh kebat /ü/ / / tō e-sáikoh hām ê kan-ta n /c/ nia hām lām ê apboe-hiu iak koh 5.3 kam? ê. ê, tioh ê mā be-teng-ta n. be-hiáu ê, ùi, chit ê ê ê. tī ê, ê kap ê, ê khap. Tī chia ê ho tak-e. beh chit ê ê ài. Tsou ê, kap khap bōe. 6. Tsou Bilabial(Labiodental) alveolar palatal velar glottal Voiceless plosive /p/ /t/ /k/ / / Implosives /b/ /d/ Affricate /c/ Fricative /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ 10 /h/ Nasal /m/ /n/ /ng/ Approximant /w/ /y/ /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/, /ü/
6. ê, Tsou tùi ê ê ; bo, tī lai-té tōh chío. ê, lán tioh hām, ê. Chia ê kap tī ē-kha. 1) bo mā he-tàng. 2) ê hām kap ái. ê,, e-tàng tī, ê. 3) chío beh ê e-tàng kap ê tùi., ê kap ê hām. 4) ê ê kap,, iah ê. Chit ê ê, e-tàng koh ê koh, ê, ê ê. 11
Claude Hagege. 2000. Halte à la mort des langues Odile jacob. Susan H. Foster-Cohen. 1999. An introduction to child Language develop -ment Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Tung, Tung-ho. 1964. A Descriptive Study of the Tsou Language, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica Special Publications, No. 48. Wright, Richard. 1999. Tsou Consonant Clusters and Auditory Cue Preservation, Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (8ICAL), 277-355, Taipei: Academia Sinica. 国 学学会 (Zeitoun Elizabet) 12
, 1. 2. 3. 4. 4-1 4-2 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 9-1 9-2 13
Preliminary Study of the Language Attitude and the Mother Tongue Education of Tsou Lekun Tan Department of Applied Japanese Southern Taiwan University of Technology The mother tongue class of Tsou at Mt. Ali has been started three years ago. To discuss the language attitude and acceptability of Roman alphabet in the class, I occurred a questionnaire research to elementary school students. As a result, it was appeared that large part of them didn t speak Tsou at home, and their conscious and conatus for mother tongue were poor. Therefore, I suggest that the school adopts training their language attitude to mother tongue education. In addition, approximately 72% students answered, Zhùyīn is easier than alphabet. I also discuss about the introduction of Roman alphabet. Keyword: Austronesian, Tsou Roman alphabet, mother tongue conscious, educational motivation, mother tongue education 14