(CIP) /,.- :,2002.7 ( ) ISBN7-80641-489-4 Ⅰ. Ⅱ.1 2 Ⅲ.1 - - 2 - - 3 - - Ⅳ.1E163-492D995-49 CIP (2001)077241 : ( : 66 :0371 5751257 :450002) : : :890mm 1240mm A5 :11.5 :1 :254 :1-3000 :20027 1 :20027 1 :ISBN7-80641-489-4/E 024 :21.00,
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1 19 2001 4 28 20
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,,,,,, 19,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,, 171,
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190351, 76,, 190448, 3 : ; ; ( ) 3,,,, 1904,,,,1904,,,,, 183,
184 190410 21,,,, 1904 1027,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,, 1905723 24,,, 724,,,,,,,,,
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190 1907,,,,,,,, 190512,, 5,, 1907 8 31,, ;,, ;,,,,
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8,, 9,, 11,, 19, 13,,,,,,,, 1918,, 191989,,, 208,, 1920,
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1932, :, ; ; 9,,, ;,,, 193310,,,,,,,,,, 222, 1919,,
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1934 1 26,,,, 1937,,,,, 700,,,,,,,,, 225,
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230,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 20,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,, 1933 11 16,,,
,, 193552 5 16,,,,,,,,,, 1938 1939,, 10, 15000,, 231 1921~1929, 7.1%,,
232, 1930,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,, ;,,,,,,
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234,, 19362, 3 7,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 19353 24,, 35%, 5 6 18,,
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236,,,,,,,,,,, 1935103,, 193655,,9,,,10 7, 10 19,,,,, 193674,,,,,,
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; 1 400, 1 ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, 239
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242 29 155, 72%;1937, 120 92, 3,30, 1936,,, 2, 1913 25.0 24.4 16.5 30.8 21.2 12.4 1929 38.7 14.9 10.8 34.0 18.5 8.1 1933 29.2 18.1 11.5 29.4 22.1 6.9 1936 31.5 13.5 15.4 32.9 18.8 8.0 1937 34.3 12.6 15.3 31.1 17.6 8.7 1938 35.8 12.2 17.1 31.5 15.9 10.3 ( :, (1898~1962), 1962,136~137) 1938,,,,,, 30,,
(%) 1938 ( : ) 50.0 43.6 14.6 30.5 145.9 37.6 10.6 37.2 331.1 60.4 13.0 21.3 156.3 20.0 37.7 12.4 26.4 11.8 62.1 26.1 ( : ( ), 1959,43), 1938 8,, 193612 1,,,,,,,, :(1) ; (2) ;(3),,, 243
244, 193769,,, 78, 10, :, ; ;, ;,,,,,,,, 17%, 10%,
,,,,,,,,,,,,1500, 950,, 300 193310,,,,,1938 4,,,,,,, 4,,,,,,,, 245 :,
246,1938 300,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938917,,,
,,,,,, :,, : 919, :,, :,, 1937,,,,,,,,,,, 19389 247 21, 922,,
248, :, ;, ;,,,,,, 925,,,,, 101, ;,,,,,,,,, 929,,,,, 930,
( ),,,,,,,, : 101,,,,,, 1939315, 1,, 249,,
250 1, 1938129~27,8,,,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,, ; ;,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, :,,, 1938,,,,,,,,,, 251,
252,,,,,,,,,1939 3 21 22,,, ( ), 4 3,,,,,,, 19395 27,,,,
,, 11,,,,,,,, 1938,,,,,,, 253,,
254 1937, 3 1,,,,, 193810,, 1938, 23 22, 85,1939,,, 193949, 67 4,,,,,
,,,,,, :, 620,, 715,,,,,, 7 22,,,,,, 81,,, 255
256 1939 193993,, 8,, 1939923 103, 5, 3, :, ; ; ;, 3, 24 ;, ;,, 300 ( ),,,,
,,, ( ) 500,19391213,,,,,,,,,,, 1939 9 5,,,, 9 29, 12, 1 257 1939 7~8,,
258, 1657, 3712,,, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 1940 612 3,,,, 10,,,
1940 1940, 4~5, 6,, 1940 5,,,,,, 1940101, 1940722~30, :, 1, ;, ;,,, :, 259,,,
260,,,,,,,, 1939 9,,,,,,,,,1940620,,
,,, 8,,,,,8 1,, 8 30,,,,,,,,, 261, 1938930 12 6,
262,,,,,,,1,,,,,,, 1938,,,, 1940,,,,,,,, 99,
, 19409 27,,,,,,,,, 263,, : ; ;,, 5,,,,
264,,,,,,,,,,, 194011,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,
,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 19417,,8,,, 1018,,, 265 ;,, :,
266,,,,,,,, 9 50,,,, 1941, 128 3 20,,,,,, 1939 12 28,,,,
1940 7, 1925,,,, 1940103,,, ;, ;,,,,,194010 30,,,,,,, 1941 3 23,,,,,,, ;, ; ; 267,,
,,, 4 13,, ;,,,,, 268,,, 1941527,,,,,,,
,, ;,,,,,1941,,,1941724,, 1,,, 269,,,
270,,, 1943,,,, 19411221,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 3 1941718,,,,,,,, 1942,,,, 194112,,,,,1942526, ;, ;,, ;, ;,, 271,,
272,,,,,,,,,,,, 19438,,,, 1943,
,,,,,,, 1030,,,, 19431128 121,,,,,,,,,,, 273,
, :(1) (2), (3) 19445, (4),,,,,,,,, 274 6 1943,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,19431122 26,,,,,, 275
276,, 1943121,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, 194524~ 11,, 8,, 1943,1945,,,1944
10, 200 1944 6 6,,,,,,,, 100,,,,,,, 194410 9~17, 277,,
278, 1944,, 3,,,,, 200,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2 8,,, 4 :,, ;, ;,, ;,, 211,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, 19456,, 814 2 ;, ; 279,,
280,,,, 8,,,,,,,,,,, 194310,, ( ), 11, 1944 8,,,, 1944821 928,
1944929 107 19452,,,,,,,,, :, 281 ;,
282,,,,,,,, 16,,,,,,,,, 3 :, ;,, 194535,,,,,
,,,, 1945 2 21 38,20,, 194544 13,,,, 194549~20, 44,,, 36 1200 1945425,, 46 4, 50 282, 1726 1058, 2636, 283,,
284 425 626, (425 52),,,,,,,,,,, (53 620),,, 4
,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (621~26), 19456 25, 26, 8, 285 19451024,,
286,,,,,,,,,,,,, 194552,,8,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,, 400 12,,,,194571782,,,,,,,,,, 287 : 717~25,
288 9 ; ;728,,,,,,,,,,,, 721,,, ( ) 9 ;,,, 724 8,, ;, ; 400 300 ; 1/4,,,,
,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 289,,,
290,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10%, 15%,, ;, 6, 1940~1945,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,, 88,,,,,,,,,,, 291,
292,,, 1946 1950, 40 57 1945 1947,,12.63 38.57, 59%;, 16.23 21.49, 51% 1945, 3.6, 1947, 17,,,,,,,19452~3,,,,, 1945221 38, :, ;, ;, ;,, 2,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,1947 8 15 9 2, 19 ( ) :, ;,,,(, ),1951, 1948123, 293
294,, 1946, 1947,,,,, 19494, ( ), 19522 19555 19825 14, : ;, ;, ;, : 4 (, )
198911,, 19477~8,, 1949, (, 295 2, 9 ) 1955 5,,, (
) 11 :, ;, 51, ; ;, ;, 195565, :, 80, 80,,, 199010,, 71,,, 199111,, 296
,,19489, 1910, 19458,, 19488,,,, 1948 19496,, 297 1949 1948 3,911.1, 19488, 5,19506, 8, 9.8,
298 1948,, 4 5, 19506, 13.5 10 1 5, 195067,,, 1950625,,, 6 26, 627, 30, 77,,,, 628,7 37,,, 1950 7 7 10, 713,,4 3 25, 8, 2,,
,, 8, 4 1,7, 9, 90% 92%, 4 2, 2 10, 7,260 500,915,,, 101 107,,1019,, 10 1, 195010,, 108, :,,,, 13, 299,, 1019,
300,,,19501025 1951610,, 5 1951611,, 23,, 1953723,,, 69, 40, 23, 6 41 112, 77, 34, 1670 270 1130,,,,195012, :, ;,,, 1951623,,,,,710 1951726,
, 8 10,, 15.7,, 1952, 4,, 1953426, 6,, 3 12.3, 240,,1953727 : ; 12 ; 72, ; 10, ; ; 60,, ( 301 1 ); 3,,, 563, 1 1,
302,,,,,, 1921 7,,,,, 1924 3,,, 192512, 1,,10, 1932 9,
,,1957520,, 19523,,, 19537,,,, 50,,,,, 19595~6,, 19602, 5, 1952, 303,,
304, 19607,,,,,,1960 7 13,, 718,, 816~29, ( ),,,,8 28, ( ),,, 92,, ( ) 196092,100, ( ), ( ), 195237,, ( ),
,, 19627, 28 19621015,,,,,, 19621022,,,, :, 305 ;,, 1961 4, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ;
306, ;, ;,,,,,22,, 10 25, 1026,, 10 28,,,,, 17,,, 19634 29,, 11,6 18, 11,,1967214,21,
,,, 19699,, 1983, 26,,,,,196411, :,,,, 1947324,, 307 ( ),,
308 825,, 194710,,,, 21.87 1941, 402, 310, 77%; 92, 23% ( 20%, 1.6%),,,,,,,,,, 19471027,,,1948 5,
312, 7 26,, 3/5,3/4 ;,, 1962 19635, 6,,,,, 1965 8 309,, 5 194812 2/5,1/4, 24, 1949,, 3
91,, 1 1 2 1 1, 96,, 914 9,,, 920 3 922, 923 6,, 19661, 196585,, 19714,,, 1,,, 19718,, 310 1,, 1600 14.3, 11%,, ;
,,, 250, 100 3 19711121,,,, 3,, 122, 8 123, 1211,,,, 14, 15,, 12 17, 27, : 11369, 42, 81, 1; 89000, 35, 8, 80 ( 47, 34), 80, 700,, 1972628,,72 311 :, ;,
312 ; ; ;, 19711217,,,,, 1, 1949,,, 1954, 25, 50%; 40, 369 1 390,,,,,, 206,,,,
1400,, 195456, 19549, 19551 7,,,,,,,,28 ( 88.6%),, 313,,
314 50,, 19601220,, 1961,,,, 1961 5 1964 6,, (,,,, ),,,,,,,1961 8 196311,,1961 1964, 22, 3500, 2000, 7659, 1391, 20, 4/5 2/3,,, 19648, 9, 124 132 216,
,196527, (19652 35% 19687 31 258, 196810),,,, 3 300, 4 8, 3, 196538 1965~1966,, 11 ( 4 ),, 3, 1968,, 1973 1 27,, ( ) 26 4 : ;, ; ; ; 315, 4
316,1973 2 26,, 32,, 10,,, 100 ( 36, 30.4 ), 8612, 1977 1903,,, 1000 25,, 1933, 1903
,,, 1936 3, 1903,,, 25, 1, 1 14 ;, 43,, 194712,,, 1953, 1903, 19551,, 43 193, 19567,, 19641,, 317,, 19644
318,,,19686, 3 :,,, (5 4 ), ;, ;, 3, 1903 19709,,,, 19733,,,,, 1903,, 8, 5,10 5, 2.95, 19779,,
: 1936, ; ;, ;,, ;,1977, 23,,, 319 1903 1955, ;, ; 1000, 30 ;,,, ;, ;, :, ;,,
320 1978113, ( ) 9, : ;,, ;,,,,,, 197812 25,,,,, 197915, 7 111,,, (197912 ),,,,
1982622,,,, 1987,,,, 1988 12 5, 19897,,1974,, 1978,, 1978,,,,,,,, 1~2,,, 19792, 321,, 217,
322,,, 32, 20~40, 20,, 35 :, 197935,,, 200, 5, 2137, 916, 16062( ) 236,,,,, 1, 100, 7,, 19,, 1917,,
,1919, 64.8, 6.5,,1939, 150.2, 44.6,,, 194742, 9, 19485 1129, 33 13 10,,, 1.1 1.4 ;, 323, 120, 2/3, 43%,
324 ; 60, 1/3, 57%,,, 1217,,,1948 5 15, 5 4,,,, 529, 611, 4 4,,,,, 3 6,, 79,, 715, 1000, 715,,,10 10,, 1015,,
15 16, 21, 27 28, 30,,, 15 1222,, 1949 1 7, 1949224, 14, 6000,15000 ; 15000, 25000 6700, 1956 7 26,,,,,,,, 19561022,, 1029 ; 10 ; 12, ;, 1031 325,,,
326 19561029, 4.5, ( ) 3, : ;, 10 ;,, 1031, 15 111 2, 11 5,,, 2.2,,, 6,,, :,1650, 6 4900, 6000, 11000, 215;,189,899, 4, 1092, 15 ;,16,96, 112, 4;, 10,33, 43, 1
,,,1965,,, 1967,,, 196747,,,,510 19, 5 17, 30, 6 4, 7,, : 21, 500, 1300, 1000, 431; 6.3, 300, 750, 600, 127; 5.5, 200, 300, 200, 18;25, 200, 1000, 1500, 286 196765, ), 200, ( 9,80 8, (300), 327, 22,4
328,,,, 6 :, 3000,5000, 4980, 12980, 700, 356;,696,421, 2000, 3117, 179, 18 ;, 600,700, 570, 1870, 86, 55 ;, 15 ;,983, 4517, 15, 5515, 394, 40, 6.5,100, 19671122 242,,,, 197211, 1,, 10, 10 6,, ( ) :,, 31.5, 2200, 2400, 1200,
750;, 14, 1820, 1300, 655, 327;, 9.5, 1299, 1500, 600, 73; 7.5, 540, 550,, 320, 31, 2000, 4000, 570, 468, 200,, 2000,,,,,, 10, 1010, 15 1000,, 11, 30,, 1014,, 16,,18, 22, 23,, 329, :,5000,12000, 8031,
330 1100, 450, 300, 223, 10;,3100,6000, 500, 1800, 400, 250, 118, 5;, 2838,8800, 508, 840, 400, 103, 1,,,,,,,, 1979326, ( ) 9 3 : ;, ; ;, ; ;, 30,,
,,, 100,,, 19753,, : ; ;, 300,,,, 19797,, 19809, 331
332,, 1, :(1), ;(2) ;(3), ;(4) 3 (,1971 ), ;(5),,,, 1980922 23, 10 7,, :, 22, 19, 4 43, 2.8 500, 10, 25;, 24 1,, 1000,180~320 23.9 25, 120 8 30~33 8 6,
, 15, 2 80, 7 600, 9 30 ( ), 8, 148, 53, 95, 400, 3500, 2700, 31, 6000 44000 13110000 214 (1979 ) 761 (1978 ) :190000 :12 4 :6 4 2 2 1 1 3 : 1900 1620 1000, 1645000 38250000 :150000 :10 4 :6 4 1 1 2 4 : 2042 2000 800 2900 20000 3300 900 :28000 :70000 :34 :25 12 : 640 ( : 530 ( 480) 333 339) 440
:4000 : 43 222000 :100000 :, 250000 :25000 :1 3 : 82 60 245000 :90000, : 300000,,20 ;,, 40, 1500 1;,, 6,, 334,,,,,,
,,,,, ;20 40 60, 200 ; 1967,,, 335 1609,,, 1702,,,, 1760, 6, ; 1805,,,, 1945 9,,,,, 19824,
336 12, 117 1994 11 16,, :,, 12,,, 24,, 200, ( ),,, 200, 350,,, 6 ( ) ) (
),,,,, 20 70,,,,, 1978,,,,,, 337,,,
338,,, 198310,,, 19831,,, 717, 4,,, 19857,,,,,,,, ( ),,,20 80,
;,,,, 19864,, 5, 1, 10, 19878,,, ( ) :, ; ;,,, 339
,,,, ;, ;,,, 19737 19799 3 3, 340,,
, 197912, 1 (1978 ; ;,,, :5 1 1 1 1 2 ( 2~3 ) 1, 1, 3 3 ( ), 26, :6 2 1 3 2 3 1,, 15, 2000 1000 3000 2000 2.5 100 100 60 6, 12 341, 125),, 19791227 7 30,,
342 4,, 11,,,, 1 3, 1,,,, 3 ~4 1983, 10, 60 1986, 20, 90 :,,,,,,,, 197912 48788, 13310, 311 20,, 1988414,,
515,9,, 9, 200,,450,,,, 19908 2 2, 14,,,, 2,, 445,,, 343 1916
344,1913 1914, 1920,,1921 1932, 1963,,,,, 8,,,,,
,,,,,, 60,,,,,, ;, 213,, 199082 345,,
346,,,, 661,, 87,,,,,,, 1129 678, 1990115, ( ),, 1991117 2,,,,,
,,,, 131,,,,,,,, 2 24,,,,,,227,,,, 199082 12 228 32, 686,,, 4 3, 687 347 : 196310 ; 10
5, ; 150, ;, ; ; 4 6, 4 11, 348
1.. :,1994 2.. :,1992 3.. ( ~ ). :,1996 4.,,,1989 5.,. :.. :. :,1998,1984 6.. 7.. ( ~ ). :,1989 8.. 9., 10.,, 1987,2000 :,1997. :, :.. 11.. (1945~1987). :,1991 12..20 :. 349,1989 13.,. : 170
350. :,1993 14... :,1986