8 ( ), [KG- 5] (CIP) /. :,2008 ISBN978?7?5635?1744?2 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ.F616 CIP (2008) 096824 : : : : : 10 ( :100876) : :010 62282185 :010 62283578 E mail:publish@bupt.edu.cn : : :1/16 :17.25 :425 :1 3000 :2008 7 1 2008 7 1 ISBN978 7 5635 1744 2 :29.00
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6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12., 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15., 16. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1., 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
8 10. 11. 12. 13. 14., 15. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. (, ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
9 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ( ) 1. 2. 3., 4., 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1. 2.
10 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ), ( ) ( ) : ( ) 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
11
12 ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( ) 9 ( ) 3 30, ( )
13 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1,,,,,
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15 (4) (5) (6) 5. (1) (2) 6. (1) (2) 7. (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. 2. 3.
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17, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1., 2. 3. ( ) ( )
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19 2 1 2 1 ( ), 1. 2. ( ) 3., 4. ( ),, ( )
20 ( ), ( ) : 1., 2.,, 3. 4., 5.
21 6.,, ( ) 1., 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 3. : (1) (2) ( ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ( ) 4. : (1), (2) (3) (4) 5. : (1)
22 (2) (3) (1),,, 2 1 2 1 (2), 70 (3), 124 2 2 2 2 ( ) 1 0 1 9 3 3 2 5 2 5 3 3 4 ( ) 1 5 5 3 7 4 5 3 3 4 5
23 ( ) 3 4 3 6 2 5 3 8 4 6 3 4 1 0 1 1 3 8 1 5 1 9 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 0 1 1 2 6 70 124 ( ) ( ) 1. :
24 2. 3., 4. ( ) 1., : (1) (2) : 2. (1) (2), (3) ( ) (4) ( )
25, 2 3 2 3,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 20 70 20 70, 2. 20 80, 1991 1992 : 1994 582, 1995 884, 2010 :,
26 3. 1997 575 1998, 236 2000 2001 201,, 7, 70, 124 ( ) 20 70, : 1. 2., ( ) 3. 4. 20 90, : 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( )
27 ( ), 2 2 2 2 231221 23 231 2312 21 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 10, 20, 30, 40, 28 ( ) 10, 0~9,9 ( ), ( ) ( ) 1~2, ( ) 2 4 2 4 ( ) 10 41 42 20 4 43 44 30 45 46 47 40 51 52 0 01 02 03 04 5 53 54 55 56 05 06 07 57 1 11 12 13 6 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 15 16 71 72 21 22 7 73 74 2 23 24 75 25 26 27 81 82 31 32 8 83 84 3 33 34 85 35 36 9
28 ( ) 1. 2. ( ) : ( ) 70, ( ), ( ) : 1. 2.
3. 4., 5. ( ) 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) 1. ( ), 160, 10, 3 2.,, 3. 4.,, 29
30 ( ) 1. (1) : (2) : (3) (4) : (5) : (6) (7) 2. 3. (1) : EMS (2) : (3) : 4., 5. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ) 1. ( ) 2., ( ) 1.
31 : 201,, EMS ( ) 20 ( ) 2., 3. 4. 1 2 5,,, :, : 2 5 6 : 2007 4 18 7:35 8:15 18:20 18:50 17:50 18:00 284 8:50 9:00 17:00 19:10 9:30 9:40 18:10 18:20 10:20 10:25 15:30 15:40 11:15 11:20 14:40 14:50 11:55 14:00
32 : 2007 4 18 7:35 8:15 18:20 18:50 206 15:50 18:00 9:25 9:40 16:10 16:20 10:10 10:25 15:30 15:40 11:00 14:40 7:35 8:15 19:40 20:00 18:50 19:00 142 9:15 9:30 17:10 17:20 10:00 10:10 16:30 16:40 10:45 11:00 15:40 15:50 12:10 12:40 7:35 8:15 18:50 19:20 18:00 18:10 9:05 9:25 17:10 17:20 168 10:05 10:25 16:30 16:40 10:45 10:55 16:00 16:10 11:15 11:25 12:15 12:30 14:40 14:50 13:40 14:10 13:00 7:40 8:20 19:40 20:00 18:50 19:00 162 9:00 9:30 17:20 17:30 10:05 10:35 16:40 16:50 11:10 11:40 15:50 16:00 13:00 13:30 7:40 8:20 19:10 19:30 18:20 18:30 172 8:55 9:15 17:30 17:40 10:15 10:35 16:30 16:40 11:05 11:25 15:40 15:50 13:00 13:30 13:40 ( ) :
33 ( ) 1. ( ), 2., : (1), (2),, (3) ( ) : 1. 2. 3.,, ( )
34 1. ( ), 1980 ( ) 2. (1) 1) 2) 3) 4) :, 5) : 6) 7) 8) (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ( ) 1. 2. : 1) 2) ( ) ( ) 1.
35 2. 3., ( ) 1.,, 2. (1), 2 9:00 14:00 18:00 1, 7 ( 2 6), 7 4 ( 2 7) 2 6 11 10 1 12 2 6 3 16 4 5 5 10 6 8 7
36 2 7 1 8:00~9:00 4,5 2 11 11:00~12:00, 1 3 13:00~14:00, 3,6 4 18:00~19:00, 2,7 (2), (3) 3 2007 2 8 14 10, 19 2 8 2007 14:10 14:30 14:50 : 15:00 : : 15:15 : 15:30 15:33 : 15:38 15:42 : 15:48 15:52 : 16:12 212 : : : 201 : 17:00 17:10 17:15 : : 17:23 17:27 : :
37 17:33 17:38 : : 18:00 18:10 : : 18:18 : : 18:30 : 18:35 : 19:00 ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3) 2. (1) (2), (3), ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( )
38 : (1) ( ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ( ) 1. (1) : (2) : 2. (1), : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) (2) (3) (4), ( ),, ( )
( ),,,, 39 ( ) 1.,,,,, 2.,,
40 3. GPS GPS, ( ) 1., (1), (2) 2. (1) :, 1000 (2),, 3. 2008, 3 737, 17 20,
41, 2008,, 600, 2~3, 4.,, A ( ) 1. 2.,,
42, 3., 4.,, ( ) 1. (1) (2), (3) 2., 3.
43,,, ( ) 1. GPS,, GPS 2. 3.,, ( ) 1.,,
44 2. 2 1, 9,58 ( ) 2007,,, 9, 1364, 2007 2006, 18 ( ), 67 ( ) 34% 67 32, ( ),,, 2007 :, 9 ( 2 3 ) 20 22, 0 2, 6 10 : ( ), ( ) 100 42, 18, 19:30, 67 ( ) 100%, 66, 32 ( ) 100%,
45 2007, 2 3
46 ( ),2007 3 28,,,, 32 ( ), 67 ( ) 21, ( 2 4 ) 2 4
47 4,, 4 30 ( ) 60, 1~2 150 80 ( ) 20% :,,,,,, ( ), 3,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 30,
48, 2 2 :2007 3208.3 17% 8.58 37% 2500 15%,,,, 2007 4 22, 24,,,, 262 (7053 ) 12, 24.7 2007, 190 49.1 ( ), 51% 2007,, 24,
49, 2007 300 ( ) 2007, 7, 100%, 100% ( ) 1100 537, 121,, 4.6, 105, ( ) 2007 1/3 1.6,,,,, 9 11, 36 23, 58, 62 50, 70 2007 3,56,, 16,12, 2589,482,2589 482,,, 482, 3152, 60
50 95.99, 3400 2.4 1/3, ( ) 20 90,,2006 59 4000 4000,,,,, :,,, 2008,50, 6.7 17 T98 61 30
51,,,20 410 5.5 2 3 2007, : :, 30%, 3, 51% 20%,, ( ) 2007, : 32 67 6 19,
52 4 3046 1~12 29.6% 10121 20.7% ( ), : : 2007 1~12 75%, 7,,, 2007, 90%, 11
53 99%, ( ), 248 80 ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4.
( ) ( ) ( ) 5S ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ),, ( ) 1.,
( ) 55, 2. 3., 4. 5. ( ) 1. 2. 3., ( ), : = /( ) : = /, 4. : (1) (2)
56 (3) (4) ( ) 1. ( ) 2., ( ) 3. ( ),, ( ) 4. ( ),, ( ) ( ) 5. 6. ( ) 3 1,,, ISO,
( ) 57 20,, : ISO 1., 2. ( ) 3. 4. 2004 2005 5. 6. ( ) 7. 8.,,
58, ( ), ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3) 2. (1), (2), (3) (4) 3. (1) (2) (3) 4. (1), (2) (3) (4), (5), (6)
( ) 59 (7) 5. (1) (2), (3) 6. (1) (2), ( ) ( ) : 1. (1), (2), (3), 2. 3. (1),, (2) :, (3) : - (4) 4.,
60 5. ( ), ( ) ( ) : 1. ( ) ( ),, 2. ( ) 3.,,, 4., ( ) ( ), ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) 1. (1) (2)
( ) 61 (3) (4) (5) (6) 2. 3. : : 4. ( ) 1. 2. (1) (2) 3. : : 4. ( ) 1. ( ) 2. (1) ( 1301) (2) ( 1310) (3) ( 2010) : 1000, 1 1 3. 4.,,
62 ( ) 1. ( ) : ( ) 2. 3. ( ) 4. 5. 6. ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ), 4. ( ) 5., ( ) ( ),, ( ) 3 2
( ) 63 328 : 300 : 300 : 300, :, : :,, 72 216,300,,, ( ) : ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.,
64 2. 3., 3 1 : : 45000 3400 1000 1000 :,,80% 4, ( ) 1. (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) (4) 2. (1) (2) ( ) ( ) (3) ( )
( ) 65, (4) (5) (6) 3. (1) (2) ( ) (3), (4) (5) ( ) 1. (1) (2),, (3),,,,,
66 (4) :,,,,, : (5) :,, 2.,,, 3. (1) (2), (3),,, ( ) 1. ( ) 2.,
( ) 67 3. : (1), (2) (3) (4) (5), 3 3 2006 7 4 4,, 3000, 3 2,,,
68,,,, ( ) 3 4,, 200 :,
( ) 69 ( ) 1., 2., 3.,, ( ) ( ) 1., ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ),, 4.,, ( ) ( ) 1.,, 2.,
70 3.,,,, 4.,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 1 ( ) :, : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. : 3 1
( ) 71 3 3,2007 ( ) ( ),2008 1 12,, 2008 30 ( 60 ) 30 ( 60 ) : 4 (12315), ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( )5S 5S,5S (SEIRI) (SEITON) (SEISO) (SEIKETSU) (SHITSUKE), 5S : 1. (1) ( ) (2) (3)
72 2. (1), (2), ( ), 3. (1) ( ) (2) ( ),, ( ) 4. 3S 3S ( ) 5., 5S 5S, TPM( ), TQM( ) 5S 5S ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :,, : 1. 2. 3., 4.,
( ) 73 5.,, 6., 7.,,,,, 8.,,, ( ) 3 5 ( ) ( ) :, ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) 1.,
74 2.,, 3. 4. 3 4 1. (1) ( ) (2) 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) EMS (5) 3. 4., 5. 6. ( ) 7. (1) ( ), ( ) (2)
( ) 75 ( ) ( ), ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ), 3. ( ),, 3 6 27 9 1996 8,1999 12 2002 5, 2002 9 30 10 5, 10 6 10 8,, 277990.55 2005 10 16 277990.55,,, 9 277990.55 ( ) ( ) :,
76,,, 1.,,, 2. ( ),, ( ) 1. 2., 3. ( ) 1.,,, 2. 3.
( ) 77 4.,, ( ),, 1. ( ) (, 3 ), ( ) 2. ( ),, 3. ( ), 4. 5., ( ) 1. ( ) ( ), 2., 3.,,, 4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( )
78 ( ),,,,, ( ), 3 5 : ( ),,,,, (1) (2), (3) (4) ( ),
( ) 79 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,, ( ),, ( ),, 1. ( ),,,, 2. : (1) (2) (3) (4)
80 ( ) ( ), : 1. (1) (2) (3), (4) 2.,,,,, ( ), 3 6,,,
1., ( ) 2. :,, : (1) :, (2) :, (3) :, (4) : (5) : : (1) : (2) : (3) : (4) : (5) : 3. ( ) 81 ( ) : (1) (2) (3),, (4),
82 (5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.,, 3 7 ( ) : ( ),, ( ),, ( ), ( ) ( )
( ) 83 2., 3. (1) (2), (3) (4) (5) 3 8 1. 2. : (1) (2) ( ) ( ), ( ) (3) ( ) (4) (5) (6) ( ) (7) ( ) (8) ( ) (9) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) ( ),, 5.
84 (1) (2),, :,,,,,, (3), (4), (5), : 1. 2., 3 1 3. 4. 5.
( ) 85 6. 7. 8., 9. 10.,,,, 3 1 ( ),,,,, ( ),,, ( ) 3 7 22, 27,, 1.,,,,, 2.
86,, ( ) 3.,, 4.,,, 3 8 :
( ) 87, 1. 2. 3. 1~2, 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1.
88 2. 1. 2.,, 3 9, :,, ( ),,
( ) 89, 95% 3,,, 3 9 ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) :,, ( ), ( ),, ( ),, ( ) ( ),
90 ( ),, ( ) ( ), ( ),, ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),, OK,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) 4. 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 1., ( ), ( ) 2.
( ) : ( ) 1. (1),
92, (2) (3),, (4),,, 2.,,, 4 1 (1) :, : ( ) : (2) : :, :, : (3) : : ( ) : :
93
(4) :,, :, ( ) 1.,, : 2.,, 3. 4., ( ) 1. 7 : (1) :, 4 :1 2 3 4 94
95 (2) : (3) : (4) : (5) : (6) : ( ) (7) : 2., : (1) :, (2) :, (3) : (4) : (5) : (6) : ( ) (7) : 3. 4 :
96 (1) : (2) : (3) : (4) : 4. (1) : (2) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 1. 4
97 GB/T1416 93 6, ( ) ( ),, 2. 4 1 4 1 /cm (1)190 120 (2)160 110 1 6 (3)130 85 (4)110 70 1 2 (5)80 50 (6)55 35 (31)190 120 (32)160 110 31 36 (33)130 85 (34)110 70 31 32 (35)80 50 (36)55 35 (11)190 120 (12)160 110 11 16 (13)130 85 (14)110 70 (15)80 50 (16)55 35 (21)190 120 (22)160 110 21 26 (23)130 85 (24)110 70 (25)80 50 (26)55 35
98 /cm (51)190 120 (52)160 110 51 56 (53)130 85 (54)110 70 5.5cm, 45 EMS (55)80 50 (56)55 35 (41)190 120 (42)160 110 41 46 (43)130 85 (44)110 70 EMS (45)80 50 (46)55 35 (71)190 120 (72)160 110 71 77 (73)130 85 (74)110 70 (75)80 50 71 72 (76)55 35 (77)140 50 L1 50 27.3 17 1 L2 50 28 31 ABS PE 1 T2 50 28 30 50 28 31 ABS PE 1 YSJZL 500 XX YSJZLK 500 XX 170 110 75, 1 170 110 75, 1 3. (1) : 1) ( ),, ( ) 2) ( ) ( ) 3) ( ) ( ) (2) : : :
99 ( ), 1., 2. 4 2 4 2 1 1213 2 1214 3 1215 4 1216 5 1217, 6 1218 7 8 1219 1219 9 1219, 10 1220 11 1226 12 1226 13 4135 14 4135 15 16 4135 4151 17 2009 18 5019 19 5020, 3. (1) ( )
100 (2)128 128 ASCI : 1), 2) 3) 4) 5), (3) 30 4 2, 4 3 4 2 ( ) :(11 15+55) 0.25=55mm ( ) :(11 19+55) 0.25=66mm 4 3 4. 4 4 4 5
101 4 4
102 4 5 5. (1) 4 3 4 3 1 2215 CN34 2 2215 CN34 3 2216 CN34 4 2217 CN34
103 5 2222 CN34 6 2218 CN35 7 2218 CN35 8 2218 CN35 9 2218 CN35 10 2219 CN35 11 1013 CN35 12 2219 CN36 13 2219 CN36 14 2219 CN36 15 2219 CN36 16 2219 CN42 17 2220 CP83 18 2221 CP84 19 2221 CP85 20 2224 (2) 4 4 4 4 1 2 3
104 4 5 6 7 (3) 4 5 4 5 /mm /mm 1 2215 CN34 148 74 101.6 60.9 2 2215 CN34 148 74 101.6 60.9 3 2216 CN34 148 74 101.6 60.9 4 2217 CN34 148 74 101.6 60.9 5 2222 CN34 148 74 101.6 60.9 6 2218 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 7 2218 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 8 2218 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 9 2218 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 10 2219 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 11 1013 CN35 148 74 101.6 60.9 12 2219 CN36 148 74 101.6 60.9 13 2219 CN36 148 74 101.6 60.9 14 2219 CN36 148 74 101.6 60.9 15 2219 CN36 148 74 101.6 60.9 16 2219 CN42 148 90 17 2220 CP83 148 74 101.6 60.9 18 2221 CP84 148 74 101.6 60.9 19 2221 CP85 148 74 101.6 60.9 20 2224 148 90 (4) 1) 2215 CN34 4 6
105 4 6
106 2) 2215 CN34 4 7 4 7
107 3) 2216 CN34 4 8 4 8
108 4) 2217 CN34 4 9 4 9
109 5) 2222 CN34 4 10 4 10
110 6) 2218 CN35 4 11 4 11
111 7) 2218 CN35 4 12 4 12
112 8) 2218 CN35 4 13 4 13
113 9) 2218 CN35 4 14 4 14
114 10) 2219 CN35 4 15 4 15
115 11) 1013 CN35 4 16 4 16
116 12) 2219 CN36 4 17 4 17
117 13) 2219 CN36 4 18 4 18
118 14) 2219 CN36 4 19 4 19
119 15) 2219 CN36 4 20 4 20
120 16) 2220CP83 4 21 4 21
121 17) 2221 CP84 4 22 4 22
122 18) 2221 CP85 4 23 4 23
123 19) 2219 CN42 4 24 4 24 20) 2224 4 25 4 25 ( ) ( ),, 1cm
124 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. ( ), 2. ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 6 /mm 1201 1201 1202 1203 1204 20 110 215 40 125 215 20 125 215 20 110 220 20 125 230 1205 170 100 15mm
125 /mm 1206 100 70 1207 100 70 1208 100 70 1212 100 70 1222 30 55 1223 110 80 1224 220 120 20mm 2006 20 135 220, 5mm 2006 1301 1301 1301 10 110 115, 5mm 20 190 175 40 190 240 20 190 250 1302 / / 20 190 250 1327 230 150 2010 20 135 220, 5mm 4 7 2201 CN31 2201 CN32 2202 CN33 (40 ) 2202 CN33 (6 ) 2203 CP86 2204 CP88 2205 CP87 2206 CN16 2207 CN65 2209 CN44 2210 CN53 2212 CN26 2212 CN26 2212 CN26 2213 CN25
126 2213 CN25 2213 CN25 2213 CN25 2213 CN25 2213 CN25 2214 2215 CN34 2216 CN34 2215 C5134 2217 CN34 2218 CN35 2218 CN35 2218 CN35 2219 CN35 2218 CN35 2219 CN36 2219 CN36 2219 CN36 2219 CN36 2219 CN42 2220 CP83 2221 CP84 2221 CP85 2222 CN34 2224 2225 2226 2226 2227 2228 ( ) ( ) 2230 CP77 2231 CN45 CN38 CN41 QN47 2232 2233
127 2234 2301 CN37 2301 CN41 2302 CN38 2304 CN47 1301 2401 CN43 2402 CP78 2406 2408 CN13 2501 CN66 2501 CN55 2502 CN67 2503 CP93 2503 CP94 2504 CN56 2506 CN51 2210 CN54 2210 CN54 2510 CN58 2515 CP75 2516 CN09 2517 CN10 2602 CN08 2606 CN17 2608 CN15 2609 2611 2613 2602 CN21 CN08 2407 CN18 ( ) 2403 CN24 / 2201T 2202T
128 2218T 2218T 2218T 2302T 2401T 2602T 2407T 2610T 2219T ( ) 1., 2~3 ( ) 2. ( ) 3., 4. ( ) ( )
129 : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2., ( 4 8 ), ( 4 9 ) 4 8 :2007 4 18 /min / 2:03/ K610 2:21 18 1. 2. 5:28 K265 12:48 3. 5:28 4. / 2:13/ K214 2:21 8 2. 4:47 K78/5 10:57 3. 4:47 K78/5 10:57 4. 4:47 K45 16:06 5. 7:46 K188/9 12:40
130 2046/7 4 9 :2007 4 18 12:58 17:09 18:30 20:50 01:44 06:38 11:16 13:13 17:19 18:33 20:54 01:52 1453 15:15 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. (1) (2) ( ), (3), 2. : (1) (2) ( ) 1.,
131, : (1), ( ) (2) 2. 3. 4. 4 10 4 10 1 ( ) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ( )
132 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. (1), (2) (3) (4) (5), (6), (7)
133 3. (1) (2), (3) (4) 4. ( ) 1. (1) (2),,, (3) (4) 2. (1)
134 (2) (3) (4) (5) 1),, 2) (6) 1) 2) 3) 3. (1) (2), (3) (4)
135 4. ( ), 1. (1) (2) (3),, (4) 2. (1), (2) (3) (4) (5) 1),, 2)
136 (6), (7) 3. (1) (2), (3), (4) 4. ( ) 1. 128, 128
137 2. ( ) 1., 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6.
138 ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3), (4) (5) 2. (1) (2) (3) : 1) : 10, 3, 5, 3 2) 3. (1) : 1) 2) ( ) (2) : 1) 2) ( ) ( ) 1. (1) 1) (,
139 2) 3) 17 4) 12, 5) (2) 1) 1, ( ) 2) ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) 1. (1) 247 (2) 80 2. 80, ( ) : : (1) (2) (3) (4)
140 (5) ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ), 3. 4 11 4 11 T76 13:18 K609 14:29 11:30 ( ) 4 12 4 12 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
141, ( ) ( ) : 1. 2. 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) 4. (1), (2) (3) 5. 6. (1), (2),
142 ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (1) (2) (3) (4),, (5) 6. 7., ( ) 1.
143 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. (1), (2) (3) 4. 5. (1), (2), ( ), 1. 2.
144 3., 4. (1) 128, (2) (3) 5. (1), (2), ( ), (3) ( ) (4) 6. 7., ( ) 1.
145 2. 3. (1) (2) (3), (4), (5) 4. 5. ( ) 1. 2. (1) (2), (3) 3.
146 4. ( ) 1.,, 2. 3. 4. 5. (1) (2) (3), 6. 7. 8.
147 1. ( ) 2. 1. ( ) 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ) 1. : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7),,
148 2. : (1) : 1) T: T1 T2 T3 2) T0:,, : N= T = T1+T2+T3 T0 T0 (2) 4 26 4 26 4 26, 45/46 5, 6 5 ( ) 18%
149 ( ) 1. 2. : (1) (2) (3) ( ) :, ( ) 1. (1) (2), (3),
150 (4) 2. (1) (2) (3), ( ) 1. (1), (2) 1) 2), 3),
151 4) 1, 3, 3 2 5),,,,, (3) (4) 2. (1),,, (2) 1)
152 2) 1 2,, 3) 4),,,,
153,,, (3) (4) 1) 2) 3) 4), 5), ( ) : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
154 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. : 1. : 2. :, 3. : 4. : : 1. : 2. :,
155, 3. : 4. : 5. :,,,, 6. : : : 1. :, 2. : 3. :, 4. : ( ),
156 4 27 4 27 1., 2., 3.,, ( ),,,
157 1. (1) 1) 2) 3), 4) 5) 6) 7) (2) 1) ( ) 2) 3) 4), 5) 2. (1) 1) 2), 3)
158 4) 5) 6) 7) (2) 1) 2), 3) 4) 3. (1) 1) 2) 3) ( ) 4) 5) 6) 7) (2) 1) 2), 3) 4)
159 4. (1) 1) 2) 3), 4) 5), (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5. (1) 1) 2) ( ), 3),,, 4) 5), 6)
160, 7) 8) 9) (2) 1) ( ) 2) ( ) 3) 4) 6. (1) 1) 2) 3), ( ) 4) (,, ), 5) 6) 7) 8) (2) 1) ( ) 2)
161 3) 4) 5) 7. (1) 1) 2) 3), 4) 5) (, ) 6), 7) 8) (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) (3),
162, 8. (1) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6), 7) 8) 9) 10) : 1), 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
163 8) 9) (2) : 1) 2) 3), 4) 5) 6) : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) (3) : 1) 2), 3) 4) 5)
164 6) 7) : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 9. (1) 1) 2), 3) 4) 5) ( ) 6) 7) (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 10. (1) 1) 2) ( ) 3) 4),
165 5), 6) 7) (2) 1) 2) 3),, 11. (1) 1) 2) 3) ( ) 4) 5), 6) 7) 8) (2) 1) 2) 3),, 12. (1) 1) 2) 3), 4) 5)
166 6) (2) 1), 2) 3) 4), 13. (1) 1) 2) 3), ( ) 4) ( ) ( ) 5) 6) (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) ( ) 5) 1. (1) 1) : 2) :,
167, 3) :, (2) 1), 2) 3) (3) 1), 2),,,, 3),,, 4), 2.,,, : (1) (2) (3) (4)
168 (5) (6) (7), (8), (9) ( ) 3., 24,, 4.,, ( ) 1., 2. 3.
4. ( ) 1. (1) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) (2) 1) 2) 3) 4) (3) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 169
170 10) 11) 2. (1) 1) ( ) : = 2) ( ) : = 3) (%) : 1 2 3 4, 5 6 7 2cm,, : =( ) 100% 4) ( )
171 : = 5) ( ) : = 6) ( ), : = 7) ( ) : = 8) ( ) :
172 = 9) ( ),,, : = 10) ( ), : = 11) (%) : =( ) 100% 12) (%) : =( ) 100% 13) (%) 30
173, : =( ) 100% 14) (%) : =( ) 100% 15) (%) ( ) : =( ) 100% 16) (%) 2 1 : =( ) 100% 17), (50 100 ) 30 ( 50 ) (2) :
174 ID 1) (%),,, : =( ) 100% 2) (%) ID : =( ) 100% 3) (%) : =( ) 100% 4) (%), : =( ) 100%
175 (3) 1) (%) ( ), : = ( ) [ ( ) ( )] 100% 2) (%) : =( ) 100% 3) (%), : =( ) 100% 4) (%) : =( ) 100% = - 5) (%) : =( ) 100%
176 6) ( ) : : =( ) 100% =( ) 100% : 18 50 = 50 / : =( ) 100% - 7) : =( ) 100% 8), : =( ) 100% 9) : =( ) 100% 10) : =( ) 100%
177 11) : = ( + ) ( ) 100%, 6S 6S 6S, 4 13 4 13 6S 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.,,,, 1., 2.,,, 6S 1.
178 2., 3. 4.,, 5. 6S, 6. 7.,, 6S, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1) 1,, 2 3 5km/h, 4, 3 (2) 1 2 3
179 (3) 1, 2 3 4,, (4) 1 ( ) 2, (5) (6) 1 2 3 4 2. 6S : (1) (2)
180 (3) (4) ( ) 3. 6S 6S 6S 6S (1) 1 6S 2 3 4 6S 5 (2) : : 1 2 3 4 5 : : 4 28 6S ( ) : : : 4 29 6S
181 4 1,, 1.,24 ( ), ( ) 2007 792, 3.6%,2007 ( ) 1460, 9855, 11315, 9225, 2090, 36 2., : 70 24, 3.,,,,
182,,,, :, 4. 150,,, 1000, 60 9,,,, 95% 98% 1. 2., 100 : 3. 40,,,, 4.,
183 6S,,,, 2001 1. 2002 20%, 20%, 2. 2002,,, 128, 69, 50% 80%~90% 3 ~6 12 20,,,,,,,,, 3., 6S,, :
184,,, 1.,, 100,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,, 400,,,,,, 4 2 2000 6, : 27 ( 8 ), 61 7, 15 ( 2, 13 ),,, 300 11 300
185 :2001 2005 2000 10, ( ) ( ), 2001 3, 40 31,, 2002 2000 27%, 37% 23% 28%, 29, 42%,2003 2004,, :2005 2007 2005,, 2005 2007, 700,,,,, : 1. 4 14 2000 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 / 12.73 9.53 9.28 9.58 9.69 9.56 9.35 9.28 : 4 14,2001 2007 9.47, 2000 26% 4 15 2000 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 / 215.21 287.42 295.35 285.88 282.84 286.62 292.89 295.1 78550 104906 107801 104346 103238 104618 106903 107714 / : 4 15,2001 2007 289, 105647, 2000 34% 35%
186 2. 4 16 2000 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 61.2 49.7 47.4 46.7 44.4 40.1 38.1 39.4 / : 4 16,2001 2007 43.7, 2000 29% 4 17 2000 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 0.2425 0.1792 0.1744 0.1802 0.1821 0.1797 0.1759 0.1745 / :, 4 17,2001 2007 0.178, 2000 27% 1.,,, 2., 3.,,,,,
187,,,, : 1. 2.,,,,2005 16.2%,2006 7.5%,2007 1% 3.,,2005 0.14 /,2006 0.09 /,2007 0.06 / 4.,, 1.,,,, :,,, :,,,, :,
188 :,,, 2., 19, 15 GPS, GPS GPS 2007 65, 26,, GPS 3.,, ( ) ( ), 4., 2006,,,, 2005 6 25,, :1 2 3,
189 4, : : 1.,, : 10 5 : 20 10 : 40 15 : 70 20 : 100 25, 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 4, 5,15, 300 800 1500 2500 4000 50 100 150 200 250 2.,, : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 3. 2006 30 10
190 50 ( ),, ( ) ( ) 4., 3,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2.,,, 1. 2. 3. 4.
191 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3.
,, ( )
193, : ( ), ( ),, ( ) ( ) 1.
194 2. ( ) 1. (1),, (2) (3), (4) 2. : (1) (2), (3) ( ) 1., 2. ( ) 1. :
195 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2. : (1) (2) (3) (4), ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3),, 2. (1) (2)
196 (3),,, (4) 3., ( ) 1. (1),, (2), (3) 2. (1), (2),, ( ),
197 (3),,, (4), 3.,, : (1) :, (2) : (3) :, ( ) ( ),
198, ( ) 1. : 2., 3. ( ) ( ) 1. (1) : (2) : (3) : 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) 5 1
: ( ) ( ) : :, : :, 5 2 199 1998 2000 18, 324 12 535,, 1.,
200 2.,,, 2001, 3., 4.,,,, 2007 11185, 960, 55, 1340 12
201,, 5 1 5 1 1. 2. (1) 10
202 (2) 3.,, ( 1201)( 5 2 ),,, ( 1429), 4., 1 2 3 4 ( 1402) 5 5., ( 021) ( 5 3 ),
203 5 2 5 3,
204 6.,, 7. (1) : ( ),,,, (2) ( 5 4 ) 5 4 ( ),
205, 8. (1), ( 1410) ( 1011) (2) ( 1607),,, ( 1407) ( 5 5 ), : 5 5 (3), ( 1407) 5 1
206,, ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4., ( ) ( ), 5., ( ) 1., 2. 95% 3. 100% 80% 4. ( ) 1., 2. 3., 4. ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ) 5.
207 6. 7. 8. ( ) 1. (1) : 1,,, 2 3 4,, 5 (2) : 1,,, 2,, 3, 4, 5 6,, 7 8 (3) : 1, ( ) 2,,, 3, ( ) 4 5, 6 2. (1),,,,, :
208 (2) : (3) 1,,,, 2 ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) (4),,, 1,,,,, 2,
209 3,, 3. (1) (2),,,,, ( ) 1. 7 (, ),11 11,15 15, 8,11 12 15 2.,, 90% 80% ( ) 1. 8 24 2, 10
210 2. (1) :, (2) :, ( ) ( ) (3) : ( ) 1. : 12,, 20, ( ),11, ( ) 12 2. ( ) 1. ( ), 7, 9 7 11, 6 15,, 5, 2. ( ) 1. (1), 50, 300 (2) 200 (3)
211 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 3., ( ), 5 1.,, 2.,, 3., 4. : (1) (2)
212 (3) 5.,,, ( ) 1., 2., 3.,, 4. 5. ( ) 1. (1) (2)
213 (3) (4) 2. (1) (2) (3) 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ) (6) (7) 4. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ), : 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ( ) ( ) ( )
214 1. ( ) ( ),,,, ( ) 2. (1) ( ) (2) (3) ( ), ( ) : 1. 2., 3. 1. 2.,,
215 3., : (1) (2), (3) (4),,, 4. (1), 5 6 5 6 (2) 5 7 5 7
216 1.,, 2. 3. 4., 5., 6., 7. 8. 9., 10. 11., 5 3, 5S 5S 5S ( ), 5S 5S 5S, 5S, 5S 5S
217 ( ) ( ) ( ),,, ( ),, ( ) ( ),,
218 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ( ), : ( )
219 ( ) : 1. 2. 3., ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. ( ), 2.,, 3. 4.,
220 ( ),,, 5 4,,,, :,
221,, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
1. ( ), 2. 31, 3. ( ) 4. E 5. ATM, 6.
223, 7., 8., 31 9., 10., TPmC ( ) 1. 24 2.,24 ( ) 3.,4 4.,2 e 1.
224 2. 3. 4. 5. ( ),24,24 ( ) ( ) 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6 1 : :, ( )
225 1., 2. 2 : 1. ( ), A B C, A B,C,, A A, B, C, A B C 2. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 6 2 1.
226 2.,,, 1. 2., ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ) ( )
227 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 11185 183 ( ) 1. 2.
, 20 80,,, :, ( ), ( ), ( )
229, ( ) ( ) : 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. ( ), ( ) : 1., 2. ( ), 3. 4. ( )
230 7 1 1. 2. 5,, 11185 183 3. 4. 5. 6.,, 7. ( ),, ( ) 8. 9.
231 10. ( ) ( ) : 1. 2. 3. ( ) 1. 2. ( ) 1. 2., 3.,,, 4., 5. ( ) 1., (1) (2)
232 (3) (4) (5) 2. (1), (2) (3) (4) 3. (1) 1) ( ) 2) ( 041 ) 3) ( 054) 4) ( 055 ) ( 055 ) 5), ( 056) 6) ( 057) 7) (2) 1) 2) 4. (1) 1 ( ), ( 058) (2) 3 ( ), ( 059) (3)
233, (4), 10, 15 ( 051 ) (5) (6) (7), 10 ( 060) (8) (9) 5. (1) 8 95%, 12 (2),3 (3), 12 (4) (5) ( 061 ) ( 061 ), ( 062) (6) ( 063 063 ) (7) ( 064) 6. ( 065) ( ) 1. (1) 1) 2)
234 3), 4) 5), (2) 1) 2), 2. (1), (2),, (3) (4), ( ) 1. (1) (2) (3), (4) (5), 2. (1) (2), (3),, (4),
235 5% (5) ( 066) ( 067),, (6) ( ) 1. (1) (2), 2. (1) (2), (3) (4) ( ) 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) 100, ( )16 50 32 100 250, ( )16 100 32 250, ( ), ( ), ( ),
236 ( ) 1. 2. 3., 4. (1),1 (2), 1) 5 10, 7 12 2) 5 16, 1 (3) 1 7 1 : :,, ( ),, : : : %, % % %, : 8 95% 12
:, 80% :, 1250, 250 3500, 350 ( ),, ( ) 1. 2. 3., 1 4. 5., 15% 6. 7. 237 8. 9. 7 31
238 10. : 11. 12. 5% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 15 7 15 7.,, 8. % 1. 40% 2. 30% 3. % 4., 5.,, 6. % 1., 2.,
239 3.,,, ( ) : : ( ) ( ) ( ) : :,, ( ),, : : : % % % %, :
240 :, 80% :, 1250, 250 3500, 350 : ( ), : ( ),,,, 2,, ( ),,, 15% 7 31 :
1 15 7 15, :, 0.08, 0.04 40% 30% %, %, 241
242, ( ) ( ) : : ( ) ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
,, ( ) ( )
244 : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,, ( ),, : 1. 2. 3. 4., ( ) 1.,
245 2., ( 2003 12 ), ( ) 1. : 2. : 3. : 4. :
246 1500 5000, ( ),, ( ) ( ),,, 1. : 2. : 3. :,,
247 ( ),, :, ( ), ( ) : ( ) : 1. 2. 3., ( ) : 1. 2.
248 ( ) 3. : (1) (2) (3) (4) : (1) (2) ( ) (3), CN44, : ( ) ( ) ( )
249 ( ) ( ) ( ) : 1. 2. 3. : 4. ( ) : ( ) 1., 8 1 ( ) 8 1 :, : ( ) : ( ) : :,
250,, :, :, : 2., 8 2 ( ) 8 2 : :,, :, ( ),, :,,,, : ( ),
251 ( ) : 500,, 75, 6.53 3. : :, ( ),, 1. : (1),,
252 (2) (3) (4) :,, : ( ) ( ) 2. (1), 45, (2) ( ) 1. : (1)
253, (2), (3) F (4), 2. (1), :, (2) :
254 :, ( ) : :, 45, ( ) 1.,
255 2. ( ) ( ) 3., 8 1 1., [2003]366, 2. 3. 4. ( ), ( ) 5. ( ) (SDR DST), ( ), 6., 7.
256 8. 9. 10. : 1. (1) [2003]366 (2), 91 2. (1) ( ) ( ) (2) :, SDR( DTS), (3) ( ), (4) ( ) (5) (6)
257 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
( 55 ) 40 9 6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
259 SHA RTM DUB :, :, : 10:00
260 BJS SYD 1535 CA175 1055 SYD BJS SYD 1600 CA173 0650 SYD BJS SEL 0850 CA123 1150 SEL BJS SEL 0720 8Y207 0915 SEL BJS SFO 1600 CA985 1140 SFO BJS (SEL) NYC 1155 KE852 081 1050 NYC BJS OSA 0920 CA927 1300 OSA BJS TYO 0815 MU271 1520 TYO BJS (FRA) MAD 1125 LH721 4416 2320 MAD BJS HKG 1600 CZ310 1935 HKG BJS (CDG) LON 1340 AF125 2370 2020 LON BJS LON 1200 CA937 1520 LON BJS (CDG) LON 1340 AF125 2370 2020 LON BJS SEL 0720 8Y207 0915 SEL BJS OSA 1400 JL786 1750 OSA BJS TYO 1530 JL782 1950 TYO CTU HKG 1600 CA427 1825 HKG BJS SEL 0720 8Y207 0915 SEL DLC OSA 1415 NH946 1720 OSA DLC OSA 0910 CA151 1220
261 SAL BJS (VIE) TIA OS64 849 TIA BJS (FRA) DUB LH8067 4984 DUB VIE BJS VIE OS64 BJS SYD CA175 SYD RIO BJS (CHI) (WAS) RIO UA850 600 873 (FRA) MSQ LH8067 3240 MSQ BJS (FRA) SOF LH8067 3358 SOF BJS (FRA) BRU LH8067 4592 BRU BJS CPH REK SK996 FI205 REK
262 EMS HGH KIX MF875 0940 1235 KIX BJS HKG MELCX317 0750 1125 CX135 1920 0730 MEL BJS BKK MELTG615 1750 2200 TG999 0810 2120 MEL PVG KUL MELMH3870955 1525 MH1492135 0815 MEL PVG HKG MELMU703 1115 1355 CX135 1920 0730 MEL TSN BJS 2310 0145 CX317 0750 1125 CX135 1920 0730 MEL HKG MEL TSN BJS 2310 0145 TG615 1750 2200 TG999 0810 2120 MEL BKK MEL BJS SYD CA175 1535 1055SYD BJS SYD CA173 1600 0650SYD FOC HKG SYDMU571 0900 1030 CX111 1905 0715HKG
[1]. :,2003. [2]. :,2006. [3]. :,2003. [4]. :,2008.