65 2 65, No. 2 Vol. 2 0 0 7 4 ACTA METEOROLO GICA SIN ICA April 2007 05. 6 : Ξ 1,2 2 1,,,210044 2,,100081 2005 6 10 (MCSs) : ( 05. 6 ),,, MCS,,,,,,, : (MCS),,, 1,, [1 ],, (MCSs),,,,,, [226 ] [11 ] MM5,,,,,,, [7211 ], [9 ] MM5 MCS [10 ] MM5 2003 8 5 6 2003 8 5 6 Ξ :2006 3 9 ; :2006 6 20 : (40405009 4057022) ; (2004CB418301) ; ( KLME050201) ; (B K2005141) :, E2mail : yixuan - S @nsmc. cma. gov. cn ; liljas - shou @ yahoo. com. cn
2 : 05. 6 : 161, [12213 ], [14 ] ( TBB), 1998 8 TBB,,,, [15 ], [16 ] F Y22 [17 ] F Y22C,, 2005 6 10, (2) : 3830 C 1 h ( : 2005 6 10 12 :56 14 :30) ; (3) GIS( ) : 90 S 90 N, 20 180 E ; : 0. 00833 0. 00833 3 2005 6 10 08 11 08 24 h ( 1),,10 11 17, 2 2. 1 :2005 6 9 20 10 20 (, ),1000 100 hpa T2ln p ;2005 6 10 08 17 ;2005 6 3 10 24 h ( ) ;2005 6 9 18 :00U TC 10 12 :00U TC 6 h 1 1 NCEP, MCS 2. 2 (1) F Y22C : 2005 6 10 00 : 00 09 : 00U TC 1 h (05 :00 06 :00U TC 0. 5 h ) ;2005 6 9 18 :00U TC 10 12 :00U TC 6 h ( :1 1 ) ;2005 6 10 00 :00 09 :00U TC 0. 1 0. 1 1 h TBB 1 2005 6 10 11 08 24 h Fig. 1 24 h rainfall distribution at 08 :00 BST 11 J une 2005 1 h ( 2), 2005 6 10 11 :00 14 :30,, 1 h 10 mm 1 h,,, 2,, 6 10 12 :56 1 h ( 2a), 10 12
162 65 12 13, 1 h 6. 35 12. 7 mm 13,, 14 :30 1 h ( 2b),,, 1 h 12. 7 19. 05 mm, 15, 3 h, 4 6 9 08 6 9 20 500 hpa ( ),,,, 6 10 08,, 6 10 08 ( 3), 12 h,,, 3 6 10 08 500 hpa ( :dagpm) Fig. 3 500 hpa geopotential height (dagpm) field at 08 :00BST 10 J une 2005 4,, 6 10 20, 6 10 11 ( 5),,, ( 4), ( 5), 11, ( 5), ( ), NCEP 1 1 (250 hpa) (850 hpa) ( ),,,, 6 10 20 500 hpa ( ),, 5 6 10 08 500 hpa ( ) 6 10 08,850 hpa,700 hpa,500 hpa,,,, 6 10 08 ( 6),, (500 hpa ),, 2005 6 10 08 925 hpa ( 7a),,
2 : 05. 6 : 163 4 2005 6 10 02 20 (400 100 hpa) ( :m/ s) (a. 02 :00, b. 08 :00, c. 14 :00, d. 20 :00 ; ) Fig. 4 Upper level (400-100 hpa) cloud motion vector (unit :m/ s) maps during 02 :00-20 :00BST 10 J une 2005 (a. 02 :00, b. 08 :00, c. 14 :00, d. 20 :00 ; thick solid curve :trough line),, 2005 6 10 08 850 hpa se ( 7b) se 7a 7b se ( 8), se,02 ( 8a) 124. 5 131 E,08 ( 8b) 125. 5 130. 5 E se, se ; se se, se,, 02 08, (128 129 E), se, se ;, 2005 6 10 08 TT [18 ] ( 9), TT 53, TT, TT?
164 65 5 2005 6 10 08 15 F Y22C (a. 08 :00, b. 09 :00, c. 10 :00, d. 11 :00, e. 12 :00, f. 13 :00, g. 14 :00, h. 15 :00) Fig. 5 Hourly visible cloud images of F Y22C geostationary satellite on 10 J une 2005 (a. 08 :00BST, b. 09 :00BST, c. 10 :00BST, d. 11 :00BST, e. 12 :00BST, f. 13 :00BST, g. 14 :00BST, h. 15 :00BST) 6 6 10 08 Fig. 6 Upper wind chart of Haerbin station at 08 :00 BST 10 J une 2005 6 6 3 9 ( ),10,, 20 mm,, ( 5), 11, ( 5) 5 7,, ;,, F Y22C ( 10) ( 46. 5 N 128 E, 45 N 131 E, 43. 5 N 130 E ), ; ( ), ( ) 08 ( 10a) 200 W/ m 2, 09 ( 10b)
2 : 05. 6 : 165 7 2005 6 10 08 925 hpa (a ; :g/ kg) 850 hpa se (b ; : K) Fig. 7 925 hpa specific humidity (a ;g/ kg) and 850 hpa se (b ; K) at 08 :00BST on 10 J une 2005 9 2005 6 10 08 TT ( : ) Fig. 9 Distribution of TT index ( ) at 08 :00BST 10 J une 2005 300 W/ m 2,, ( ), 11,, 7 MCS 11 46 N 125 E, 45 N 131 E,,, 45 N 131 E 10 ( 11),,, 10 11 ( 11),, 11 12,, 14 ( 11c),,,,,, 17 ( 11d),, 6 10 05, F Y22C ( 12), 08,,, ( 11) ( 12 ),
166 65 11 2005 6 10 (a. 08 :00, b. 11 :00, c. 14 :00, d. 17 :00 ;, Shalan ) Fig. 11 Visible satellite images on 10 J une 2005 overlaid with surface winds (a. 08 :00, b. 11 :00, c. 14 :00, d. 17 :00 ;the thick solid curve denotes a surface shear line, Shalan denotes Shalan River) 12 2005 6 10 (a. 11 :00, b. 12 :00, c. 13 :00,d. 13 :30, e. 14 :00,f. 15 :00) Fig. 12 Spatio2temporal evolution of overshooting cloud tops embedded in the convective cloud clusters on 10 J une 2005 (a. 11 :00BST, b. 12 :00BST, c. 13 :00BST,d. 13 :30BST, e. 14 :00BST,f. 15 :00BST)
2 : 05. 6 : 167 12 A,,,,,,,,,, ( 12),, 13,,,,, ( ),,, Purdom ( ), 13 2005 6 10 14 925 hpa F Y22C ( ; ; C ; ) Fig. 13 FY22C visible satellite image overlaid with 925 hpa specitic humidity (thin solid line ; g/ kg) and surface winds at 14 :00BST 10 J une 2005 (the thick solid line denotes a surface shear line ; letter C is the center of a surface cyclone ; the little black circles are the locations of overshooting cloud tops),, ( ),,, 8 MCS,, (44. 2 N 128. 96 E), 14 (44. 2 N 128. 96 E) 08 14 ( 14a), MCS,, 850 800 hpa,, 700 hpa ( 14b),850 hpa, 850 hpa, 90 %,,, 700 550 hpa ( 14e),, 1000 750 hpa 850 hpa, - 0. 1 Pa/ s ( 9 se / 9 p ) ( 14f ), 650 450 hpa,, u ( 14c), v ( 14d) 800 550 hpa,, 5
168 65 14 2005 6 10 (44. 2 N 128. 96 E) (a. ( ), b. ( %), c. u (m/ s), d. v (m/ s), e. ( Pa/ s),f. ( K/ hpa) ; 08, 14 ) Fig. 14 Vertical profiles of physical quantities at Shalan town (44. 2 N,128. 96 E) on 10 J une 2005 (a. Temperature ( ), b. relative humidity( %), c. u component (m/ s), d. v component (m/ s), e. vertical velocity( Pa/ s), f. stability( K/ hpa) ;solid and dash lines represent 08 :00BST and 14 :00BST, respectively),10 08,,, 1000 900 hpa, 10 08,14, 200 hpa ( 14e), 600 hpa, - 0. 5 Pa/ s ( 14a) 08,, 850 800 hpa 08 ( 14b), 850 hpa,, ( 14f ), 800 hpa, 08 ( 14d),, 20 ( ), 400 hpa, 700 600 hpa,,08 14,,
2 : 05. 6 : 169,,,,,,, 9,,, :,, F Y22C (NOAA N ESDIS) Purdom,, 2005 6 10 (MCSs) : (1),,, MCS (2), ;, (3), MCS (4) (5),,,,,, [1 ],,. ( ). :, 2000 : 343pp [ 2 ]..,1988, 3 (1) : 86291 [ 3 ].. :, 1980 : 115 [ 4 ].. :, 1992 :1213 [5 ],,.. :, 1992 :1219 [ 6 ].. :, 1992 :12 25 [7 ],,..,1995,14 (4) :4862494 [8 ],,. 98. 8.,2001,12 (2) :26228 [ 9 ],,. MCS.,2005,63 (2) :1732183 [10 ],. :[ ]. :,2005 :1215 [11 ],. :[ ]. :,2003 :1240 [12 ],. 1998.,2001,25 (3) :3422354 [13 ],.. ( ),2004,5 (5) :33237 [14 ],,. 1998.,2000,26 (10) :35240 [ 15 ],,..,1997,55 (4) :4082417 [ 16 ],,..,2002,60 (3) :3092317 [ 17 ].. :,2003 : 18 [ 18 ],,.. :, 2003 : 2952296
170 65 THE RAINSTORM AND MESOSCAL E CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OVER NORTHEAST CHINA IN JUNE 2005 : A SY NTHETIC ANALYSIS OF MCS BY CONVENTIONAL OBSERVATIONS AND SATELL ITE DATA Shou Yixuan 1,2 Xu Jianmin 2 1 School of A t mospheric Science, N anjing U niversity of Inf orm ation & Technology, N anjing 210044 2 N ational S atellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081 Abstract Large2scale environmental condition and meso2scale convective systems ( MCS) related to t he heavy rainfall responsible for t he severe mud2rock flow disaster in t he eastern cent ral portion of Heilongjiang province on 10 J une 2005 are st udied wit h t he conventional observations and satellite data. An elementary diagnosis is per2 formed to the large scale circulation,the stratification evolution,the underlying surface condition and the MCSs. The findings from the analysis are as follows : This rainstorm is a classic mesoscale convective weather event that occurred in t he eastward2moving and deepening process of an upper2level t rough wit h a forward2tilting and di2 verging structure. The MCSs producing the rainstorm, were in the front area of the upper trough, where the upper level divergence2lower level convergence provided a favorable large2scale dynamic background for MCSs development. Viewed from the stratification characteristics of temperature and humidity, a SW - N E stretched lower level warm and moist tongue was obviously seen before the occurrence of the rainstorm, and the tongue fed the rainfall area with plentiful and sufficient moisture. The differential advection induced by the dry/ cold advec2 tion at the upper level superposing on the warm/ moist advection at the low level strengthened the local instability of atmospheric stratification within the rainstorm area. Furthermore, the horizontal distribution of the incident solar radiance at the underlying surface shows that the thermodynamic vertical circulation induced by the differ2 ential heating may be one of the most important trigger for the spawn and development of MCSs. With respect to t he relationship between t he evolution of surface meso2scale shear line and t he genesis and development of MC2 Ss in the rainstorm process, it is found that the strength of the convective cells along the shear line was not e2 qual, with the most vigorous convective cells located around the maximum curvature point of the shear line, and according to t he satellite cloud images and t he observational surface data, t he cloud clusters directly responsible for the rainstorm just lay in the vicinity of the maximum curvature point of the shear line. These facts seem to indicate that the surface meso2scale shear line may be another key factor for the rainstorm and the convection non2homogeneity on the surface meso2scale shear line may be partly related with the disposition of the shear line and the ambient winds. Key words : Meso2scale convective systems ( MCS), Meso2scale shear line, Inhomogeneous heating on t he underlying surface, Moist ure tongue.