本章主要阐述同步电机的工作原理, 利用双反应理论建立同步电机的基本电磁关系, 在 此基础上对同步电机的功角特性 矩角特性及功率因数调节进行深入分析 本章还对迅速发 展的永磁同步电机做了简要介绍 n f 6 f n = = n 8- np 8- a b 8 - a) b) 85
.. 8-a f 8-b. 8- A B C f B A Z Y ω A B C C 8-86
. n f E 3. 8-3 8-3 a b n n n n n n a) > b) = ) < 8-3 a b 87
8-3a = 8-b 3 8- F F a f F f F F f a a 88
n f n F & f Φ m F & f 8-4 8-5 9 8-4 F f F f 8-5 F f Φ f Φ f Fa F f F F f F F f a Fa a Fa F a F f 8-6a Fa F f Fa F a F a F & = F& + F& 8- a a a 89
F & a n F & a n F & a Φ a F & a F & a n a b Φ a 8-6 Fa F a F a F a F a F a Φ a 8-6b F a Φ a 8-5 Φ a Φ a F a F a 3 4 k & W a = & 8-3 π np F 3 4 k & W a = & 8-4 π np F 3 4 k 8- & W a = & 8-5 π np F & = & + & 8-6 F a F a 9
. Φ f Φ a Φ a Φ f E Φ a E a Φ a E a 8-7 A R a a ( R j ) U & = E& + E& + E& + & + 8-7 A U & & E & δ B C 8-7 E a Φ a Φ a E a E E a 9 E a E a E & = j& 8-8 a a a E & = j& 8-9 a a a 8-8 8-9 8-7 8-8 a a ( R j ) U & = E& + j& + j& + & + ( a + ) + j& ( a + ) + ( & & ) R U & = E& + j& + 9
R U & = E& + j& + j& 8- = + a a = + >. = = 8-8- U & = E& + j& 8- P P = 3U oϕ > 8-3 oϕ U U ϕ 9 8-8a ϕ < 9 U ϕ E U E ψ = = inψ oψ 8-8b 9
j & E & E & j& j& U & U & & ψ & & ψ ϕ ϕ & a) b) 8-8 a) b) P pcu = 3 R P P = 8-4 pcu P P P p Fe p m P p p = P 8-5 Fe m P p Fe p m P pfe + pm = 8-6 8-9 8-9 93
R P = P = 3U oϕ 8-7 8-8 ϕ = ψ P = U oψ o + 3U inψ in 8-8 3 = = inψ oψ = E = U U in o EU 3 in 3 in o P = + U 8-9 P ( ) E 3 U U = 3 in + in 8- U f f E P P P = f ( ) 8-8- 94
8- P f f P 8-3EU P = in 8- P 8- = 9 P 8- P ( ) P 3U = in 8- P 8- = 45 P 8- P P 9-46 π Te = n p n p Φ r F inϕ Φ r F ϕ F = F a 8-3 F = π 3 k n p W 7 7-7 8-95
Φ r = E δ πfkw π ϕ = + ϕ δ E δ Φ r ϕδ E & δ & 3E oϕ δ δ T e = 8-3 ω ω = πf n p U = E δ ϕ = ϕ δ 3U oϕ T e = 8-4 ω E & j & E & δ U & & ϕ δ F r F F r 8- T e P ω 8-96
P 3U oϕ T = 8-4 e = 8-5 ω ω 8-5 ω T Te T = 8-6 T 8-8-5 T ( ) E 3 U U e = 3 in + in 8-7 ω ω U f f T e T e T = f ( ) ω 8- = e P EU = 3 in 8-8 EU T e = 3 in 8-9 ω 8- ω T e T m P π/ π 8 97
. = 9 8-3a T e T L T e = T L T L T L = 9 T e T e T e = T L T L T e = T L T e T e T e T e T e3 T e4 π/ π π/ 3 4 π a) b) 8 3 a) = 9 b) = 9 8. = 9 8 8-3b T e3 T L3 3 T e3 = T L3 T L3 T L4 =9 8 T e T e4 T e4 < T L4 T e =9 8 T T λ 4 T λ = T in 9 = ~ 3.5 in 8-3 98
3 6.5 T e P n 8- U =6V =7.5A oϕ =. 9 Y =48.5Ω R E 3 P 4 λ E o =. 9 ϕ ϕ = 5. 8 8-4 j & E & & U & ψ ϕ 8-4 U = = inϕ = in 5.8 =. 4359 ( U inϕ + ) ( U ϕ ) E + = o = U 3 48.5 6 3 7.5 = = 99
= E = (.4359 + ) + (.9). 69 E 3 P 4 λ 6 =.69 3 = EU = 5854.3 V U inϕ + x.435 + ψ = artg = artg = 57. 9 U oϕ.9 = ψ = 57.9 5.8 = 3. ϕ EU 3 6 5854.5 P = 3 in =.53 = 664.9 kw 3 48.5 in 9 λ = = in.53 =.87 U f f T 8-6 T e = T T T e 8-9 T e EU = 3 in = ω U f E in = 8-3 E f
P = 3U oϕ = U oϕ = 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-5 j & E & j & U & E & j & E & & & ϕ ϕ & oϕ = E in = 8-5 < < f f f E < E < E 8-5 8-3 & U & 8-3 E & U & 8-5
f f & U & 8-5 E & & oϕ = 8-5 E & & E < ϕ E 3 8-5 E & & E > E ϕ U U f f U U 8-6 U U U P > P > P U
oϕ = oϕ = oϕ = 8-6 U E P P 9 8-6 8- = E % % U = = 8-7 3
U & j & j & E & E & & & & j & ϕ ϕ E & 8-7 E ( ) = + ( ). 4 = U + = = artg = artg = 45 U % E % E ' E ' =.E =..4 = E ' ' = = in E in.69 ' = arin = arin = 36. 3 '.69 8-7 '.69 E ' = ' o ' E + U EU = + ' '.7 = = =. 7 ' oϕ = = =. 93 '.7.69.8 =.7 4
ϕ ϕ ' = aro.93 =. 8 ' 3 % E % E " E " =.8E =.8.4 =.3 E " in " = = " = arin = arin = 6. ".3 " E " = " o " E + U E U =.3 + ". " = = =. oϕ " = = =. 9 "..3.466 =. " = 5. 8 ϕ -Fe-B. 5
8-8 a) b) ) ) 8-8 a) b) ) ) 6
> <. 8-8 7
. 8-9 8-9 8- -5 V V 3 V 5 A U V 4 a V 6 b V C B 8-. 8- AC BC BA CA CB AB A C 8
8-a F F π / 3 A C B V A C V F F π / 3 B C 8-b V 3 B C V F F F F F F F F a) b) 8- a) A C b) B C 8-6 π 3 8- π 3 π 3 A B B C C A C C A A B B V V V3 V4 V5 V6 π 4π 3 5π 3 π 9
Bruhle DC Motor BDCM BDCM BDCM BDCM BDCM Permanent Magnet ynhronou Motor PMM PMM PMM PMM PMM 6 f n = n E ψ F F F F a a F Fa F a p a
f U f 8-8- 8-3 oϕ = 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-8 U =4V =3A oϕ =. 8 Y =.4Ω E 3 P 4 λ 8-9 Y 38V
=6.6Ω =3.43Ω E =5V =8 P 8-.8 =. =.6 E 8- Y 4V 5Hz 8kVA r/min =.6 =.76 6 m U=. E =. U=. E =. 4 3 U=. E =. 9 8- U = U =.8 =.5 =5 3 4