(CIP) /. :, 2006.2 ISBN 7 80676 953 6 Ⅰ.... Ⅱ.... Ⅲ. Ⅳ.D663.5 CIP (2005) 154895 / / / / / / ( 755 200041) / / / / /2006 2 1 /2006 2 1 /640 960 /19.5 1/16 /288 /1 10000 ISBN7 80676 953 6/G 509 29.00
1
2
: /1 /2 /3 犻 /4 /5 /6 /9 /9 /10 /16 /23 /28 /31 20 50 /35 /36 /40 /41 /44 /45
犻 /45 /47 /48 /49 /51 /53 /54 [ 1] /56 [ 2]50 /58 /60 /62 /62 /64 (1952 1955)/65 1952 1955 /66 /71, /72 /73 /73 1955 /76 1956, /79 30 /79 /80 /82 /83 /84 /85
犻 ( ) ( ) /86 /87 /87 1956 /90 1955 1960 /91 1956 /93 1956 /93 1956 /94 1956 1957 /99 /101 20 /101 /107 :, /108 (1958 1966)/110 /115 /115 /116 /117 /119 /123 /127 /130 /132 /137 /137 /140 /142 /142
犻狏 /143 /145 /146 /147 ( ) /147 /148 /155 /158 /160 /163 /165 /167 /167, /170 /173 /175 /178 1960 1965 /179 1965 /183 /184 [ 1] /188 [ 2] /191 1980 /194 1979 /194 1980 /195 1982 1983 /196 /205 /205
狏 /207 /208 1985 1987 /209 /210 [ ] /211 1988 1989 /212 /213 /214 20 /214 /216 /216 /219 (1977 1990)/219 /222 /226 /229 /229 /232 1996 /233 /235 /238 1999 : /241 /246 1989 /247 /248 /248 /250 /252
狏犻 /254 /255 /257 /258 /259 : /264 /264 /266 /267 [ ] /269 /269 /273 /274 /276 [ ]50 /280 1951 ( )/280 1956 /281 1957 1960 /282 1960 1962 /283 80 /285 1985 1989 /286 90 /288 20 /291 [ ]20 /293 20 50 70 /293 1976 2001 /295 /298
:, 21, 20,,,,,,20 20 30,, ;, 1940, 50 ; 60 70 80, 90,, 1, :, :, 1948 20,,
,,,, ; 2,, : : :, :,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ) ( ),,
:, ( ),, 1925, 1928,, ( 156 214, 2004 1 ) :, 3, 1948 5 25 1933 1933 :( ) ;( ) 1948,,,,,, ( ), ( ) :, ;,
4, ;,,, ( 1933 14,,1948 7 2 ) 20 50, : ( ) ( ); ( ) ( ); ( ) ( ), 1985,,, 20 50, 500, 10,, 500 500 500 500,, ( ),, 50,,1987 ( ) ( ) 2200, 4.2%;,, 20,
: 1982, 18, 101, 18, :,,, 1987 1746, 3.0%; 1004, 58%,, 1987 974.4 38.5, 7.7 ; 326.6, 543.4, 65.1, 0.8, ( ),, 1987 1%, 1031 ( ), 1.56%,, 117, 207, 707, 456 ( 44%),,,, 1996, 1907 ( 61 ),,90 5 1998, 1999 154 ;2000 221 ;2001 260, 137 (
6 2001 12 5 ), 1/7 2005 (18 22 ) 15%, 1995 15% 68, 35% 29,, ( ) :2001 115, 2002 145,2003 212,2004 250 1500, 20% 25% 1000, 300 400 21, ( ) ( : ( ), 20, 30, (50 ) 500, 2000,, 21,,,, 20, ( ),,,
:, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,, 7, ( ), ;,,, ;,, 20,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :, 50,
8 1957,,,, ;, 60,,,,,, ;,, (, ),,,,,,, 2002 2004
, ;,,, 9,,, 20 40, ( ),, 1911 1919, 20 20 30,
10 1927, : 400 600 ( 12000 18000 ) 260 400 ( 7800 12000 ) 160 260 ( 4800 7800 ) 80 160 ( 2400 4800 ) 40 120 ( 1200 3600 ) 1935 : 200 400 ( 6000 12000 ) 150 300 ( 4500 9000 ) 120 200 ( 3600 6000 ) 100 ( 3000 ) 40 80 ( 1200 2400 ),,, 40,,,,, 1935 11,1, 30 40,,, ;,, 40,,,, ( ),
,,,, = + 1946 3, : 5, 150 1946 12, 17, 1100, 600 ( ) (600 1100+ 170000 )=83, 53 23, 44, 1012, 1600 400, (400 1100+170000 )=61, 18 ( 792 ), 1200 170, 35.7, 10, 660 100, 28, 8, 550 1947 5,,, 1800, 34, 142 10 (440 ), 660 ; 150, 61, 4 (176 ), 280,,,, :, 1947 9 21,,, ;, 1947 9, 56000,10 85000 1948 1, 3, 30, ; 30, 1/10 1 3 11.5, 11
600 1000.5, 5, 17, 510,,, 1948 8 19, 8 19 1 5 : 12, ( : ) ;, ;,, 40, 40, 20 ( 1 = 5, 1 5 );,, 80, 48, 24 ( 720 ); 1/3 300, 92, 46 ( 1380 ); 1/7 600, 122, 61 ( 1830 ); 1/10 40% 150, 75 ( 2250 ), 1948 8 19 : 20 9 ( 1 3 ), 7 6, 7 3, 6
10 ( ) 1949 10, ( ), 114, 3452, 1100, 369, 95,,, 1 5 (, 332 ),, 1949 7,, ;9, ( ) 13, 2 5 2 6 1 5 1, 5 ; 1 8, :,, :,, 10 13 :,,,,,,, 1950 4 23,,,, 1948 8 20,,,, : 1948 8,
14 10 17, : 16,,, 10 23, :, ( ),, 10 25, :,,,,, 82, :, 7 500, 400, 300, 200 8, 20, 15, 10, 5 10 27, : 100 1948 10 11, : :,,,,, 11 1, :, : ( ),,,, :( ), ( ), 11 21, :,,,,
, 11 22, :,,,, 12 11,, ( ) :,,,,,,, 12 14, :, 15, 15, 1948 12,, 12 1000, 12 16 : ( :, ),,,12 22 : 60 ( )1, 10 1, 4 1, 4 1, :,,,
16,, ( :12 20 ),,, 12 24,, 12 28, 60 40 20, 50,,, (18 ) (20 ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,, ( ), 1949 1,, :, (1890 1974), 13
(1936 1949) :,,,,,,, 1948 11 8, :,,, 1948 11 29 :,,,, 17,,, 1949,, 1 7, : ( ),, 5 10 1 8,,,, 1 10,, 300 1000, 300 1500,,, (160 ), 6 2 27,, 14, (
18 ) 6 3 4, 200 3 28 : ( ), 4 8 :,,,,, ( :, ) 4 17 :,,, ( :, ) 4 21 :,, 5 1 ( ):, 5 20 ( ):, ( ),, 3 ( 100 ) 5 21 :,,5 26,, (1937),,,, 5 27, : (1927),,,,,, 1949, (1900 1986),,
1 4 :,, 6 :,,, 7 :,,, 9 :,, 14 :, 2 5 :, ( :16 ) 12 :,,, ( : ) 3 8 :,, 9 :,, 11 : ( : ),, 3 25 :, 28 :,,, 4 7 :,,, 9 :,,,,, 10 :,,,,, 13 :,,, 22 :,,, 2 20 :, 19
20 3 31 :, 3 9 :, :,, 2 5, 1350, 1 4 9 20, 3 22 66, 2 ; 40, (160 ) :1948 11 7 250, 450 1949 1 4 700,6 860,10 1000 ;2 5 13500 ;3 29 9 ;4 3, 16 ;8 25,16 60,17 100, 120 ;21 :,, 10, :,, ;, 1948 8 19, 10 14 :, 15 :,,, 12, 1949 1 18 : 3 3 : ( ),,
, ( ) 31 :, ( ),, 4 5 :,, 10 :, 15 :, 16 : 22 : 27 : 29 : 30 :, ( : ; ) 5 20 :,, 21,,, (1876 1973) 1949 3 29,,,,,,,, :,, 4 1,, 4 3,,,10 1 4 8,,, 4 15,,,, 4 16,50 3, 17 4 17,, ( ),
22 ( ) ;,,, ;, 5 1, 4 29,,,,5 8, 1 2500,,, 5 10,,, 5 11,,,,,,, ( 1949: ) 5 25,, :1949,, 10, 1 16,, 4 1 (160 ), 30 2 5,1 1350 ;12, 1430 ;3 3, 2700 ;8, 4000 ;3 25, 1 ;31, 13000 4 1, 16000 ;4 7, 23000 25000 ;8,, 9, 1 67000 ;15, 13 ;16,17 ;17,20 ; 21, 22, 46 49 ;27, 130 ;29,360 ;4 30,
, 5 20, 2700 19,, 20, 7,, 5 8,, :,,,, ;,,, 1948 12 1, 1, 2 5 10 1949,,, ( ), ( ) 1949 1 15, 6 1 ; 3 1 ( 510 );1 31,2 2 10 1,20 4 29, 5 8, 1 2500, 5 25,6, 23
24 10 1 (1 = 800 ), 6 5,,, 1949 9 5000 1, 4 1951 1952, ( ) 40, 1948 12, 2 ( )1,, ;, 1949 1 10,, :, :,,,,,,, 900 30,1 15,, 20,900 (44 ), 15, 400, 200,
, 65, 25, 25 20, 1 22,, 40,, 1 29,, 1 31,,,, ( ), 1949 2 2,, :, 25 (44 ), 1300, 68, 2050, 1948 8, 11,,,,, :,,, 1949 2 5 :,,, ( ),,,, 200
26 1949 2 7 :,,,, ( ),,,,, ;, 1 15, ( ), 1948,,,15,,,,, 12,, ( ),, 1 29, ( ) :,,,, ( : ),,,,,,,,, ( ), 1949 1 31,,
, 1949 2 28 10, 10 ( ),, 2,,2000,,, :, ;, ;, 2 2, 10 1 ; 3 1, 510, 27 170 20 2000 ( 3 132 ) 30,,,1949 1, 1948 11 ( ), 11 : 871.7 985.2, 802.4 897, 707.8 808.7, 633.2 739.2, 581.7 657.4, 487.2 909.6, 1, 1948 11 ( 44, 200 ), 90 ( : 1 5 ), = +, = + ( 400 90 ) ( ),,,,
1949 1,,, : 28,,,,,,,,, ;, 1949 3,,,,,, :,,,,, ( ), ( ) ;, ; 1950 ;1950,
, : ;,,,,,,,, 29, 1949 4, 5,, : 197 288 ; 149 192 ; 108 144 ; 80 96 1949 9, : 300 320 ; 270 285 1949 5, 5 8 10, (1 30 ) 1950 3,,,,,,, (, ), ( ) 1949 11, :,,,
30, ( : 1478 ), ;, 1949 7, 6 29 :,, 1040 ( 1560 ), 8 5 7 1040, 88 ( ), 91500 120,, 300 400, 3 9 10 :,,, 1950 3, 1951,, 214 ( 435 49%) 11805, 55 ; 67 2360, 35 ; 205 9050, 44 :, 800 (, 1200 );, 1000 ( 1500 ), 1200 ( 1800 ) 1955, 4, 204 ( 2040 ) 5 1, 1919 1942,,1947 1950 : 1950,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31, 700 ( 1000 ),,,,,,, 30,,,,,, 1949 4, ( )
32 ( ), ( ) 180 : 1300 1500 ; : 1000 1300 ; : 800 1300 ; : 400 850 ; : 250 750, 180 450, 120, 4 16, : ( ) 250 350 :(1) :, 63 ( ); 3.8 ( 10 ), 4, 252 ; 106 ( ), 4 424, 350 4, 350 (2)3 55 353,, ( ),, ( ) :(1), ;(2), :,,,,,,,,, 1949 5,, : : 1000 1300 ; 875 1300, 825 1080 ;
630 850, 570 800, 400 680,, 40, (1949)8 11 ( 873 ):,,, : ( ) :, 1300, 35 40, 1100 ( ), 800 ( ) : 610 ( : 610, 550 ), 650 350 550, : 350 670, ( ), 1948 ;,, (1867 1959) 1949 9,, : 33,, ;,, ;,, ( 1949: 22 )
34 1949,,, 9 14,,,134, 28140,, 14070 9 17,,, :,,,, 9 18, 20 ( ),, 500,,,, ( : 1 100,3 45000, 90 ),, 83, 9 17,, (9 18 ),,,,,,,, (10 18 ), :,,,,,,, 9 25,,,,, 1949,,,,
( 1949: 23 119 ) 20 50, 1950,, ;, 1949,,,,,, 35 ( ),, 3,, 3 122, 61, 1220 ( 1830 );, 3 92, 46, 920 ( 1380 );, 3 40, 20, 400 ( 600 );, 3 48, 24, 480 ( 720 ),,,,,
,,, (, ) 36 : ( ),, ( ),,,, ;, : ( ), (1948) ( ), ( ) ( ) : :305 425( 610 850 ) :265 400( 530 800 ) :200 350( 400 700 ), : ( ), 200, 17, 350 ( ), 265,
18, 400 ( ), 18, 265, 18, ( ), 400 ( ), 305, 20, 425 ( ), 20, 305 20, ( ), 425 : ( ) ( ), 37 ( ), 17 ( ), 17 ; 18 20 ( ), 9 17 ( ) ( ), 17 ; 18 20 ( ), ( ) : ; ;, 20, 10 ( ), 30 : ( ), ( ), ( ),,
( ), ( ),, ( ),,, ( ),, 1943,1943 1946,1946 1947,1947 1948, ; : 1943 200 38 1943 1946 51 251 1946 265 1946 1947 18 283 1947 305 1947 1948 20 9 325 9 =325+9=334 668, 1938,1938 1939 ( ),1939 1944,1944 1948, ; : 1938 200 1938 1939 16 1939 1944 85 1944 1948 70 4 371 4
=371+4=375 750, 1942,1942 1944, 1944 1945,1945 1947,1947 1948, ; : 1942 200 1942 1944 34 1944 1945 17 1945 1947 40 291 1947 305 305 1947 1948 20 8 325 8 39 =325+8=333 666, 1942,1942 1947,1947 1948, ; : 1942 200 1942 1947 85 1947 1948 18 8 301 8 =301+8=309 618
40 1927,, ;,, (1927 1936 ), (1937 1945 ) (1946 1949 ), 100 600 1931 11,, 1932, 1, 1 6, 3 ; 3 ( 100 ) 2 ( 6 7 ),,, ( ) 10,, 20 30,
( ), 1936, ( ),, 1940, ( ),, ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),1938 : ( ),,, 1, 20 30 35 :,, 1938 8 31,,,,, ( ) 2,, 3 4 5 ( 5 ),, 5, ( ), 1939, ;, 41
42 5 ;, 1 2 1939 8, ( ),1941,,, ( ),, 1945,,, 1942 3,,, :,, ; (, ), ( ) ;, :, ( ), ( ),, ( ), ( ),,,, :, 1 2 3 4 5 5,,
, 1938 5 5 ( 120 ),,, 100 ( ), 1941 8,,, 35 4, 200 112, 92 ( 82%), 20 83 ( 74%) :,, 4 ( 5, 4 ) 20 30 88 ( 79%),, 1 2 2,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 43
44,, ( ),,, ;, :,,, 1942 :,,,, ;, 1/3,,,, 5,,,,, 1949, : ( ) ( ) : A. ; B. ( ) ( ) :
A. 1949 9, ; B.1949 10 1,, 80% ; 1/3,, (1946 1949 ),, ( ), 45,, ( ),,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 1949 1952 2,
:,,, 46 1950 6 ( ) (1) ; (2), 10 (3), 12 (4) 15 (1), 8 (2) 12, 15 (3),, 8,; 1950, ( ),, ( ) ;,
( ),,,,,,, ;, 1951 3 26 :,,, 47 ( ) 1919,1943 ( ) : 1950 5 ( ),,,, 480, 48, ( ) 1916,1935,1938 2, : 1948,,,,,,,, 1949 2 1,,
( : ),, ;, ;,,, 50, ( ),,,,, 48 ( ) :,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ;, 6, 1955 6 ( 60 ),,,,, : ;,
;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 49, 1949,1950 10, 61 ( ), ( );,,, ;,,,, :, ;, : ( ),,1950, 1800, 44.1
50, 8,,,,,,, ;, :,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ) : ( ),,,,,, ( ), :,,,,
:,,,,,,, ( : 20 18 12 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, ),, 1950 2,,, 240, 300 1, 51 ( )30, 1949, 1949 4 9,,,,,,,
52 1949 4 12,, ( ),, ;, 1000, ( ), ( ) ( )25, 180 : ; 200 1, 1300 65000,,, 4 14, ( ), 4 16,,, 4 22,, 28,, 5 22 ( ),,,, 6 11, 12, 14 ( ), 26,,, ( ), 4 6, 1300, 65000,, 19,6 14 1, 26 10 : 750, 490, 180, 400, 360, 50 (1998 )1
, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 53 :, :,,, 1946,,,,,,,, ( 610, 1985 1 ),,,,,,,,
,, 200 500,,, ( ) : 54, ( ),,,,, ;,,, (, ),,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, ( 612 ) 1958,, ( ), ( ),,,,
, ( ) ( ) :,,, :, (, 1989 2 ),, : ;,,, 55, 1958, :,,,,,,, ;,, : ( 30 40 ),,,,,,, ( ),, :,, :
[ 1], 1950 9 56 1950, 9 1 ( ) : : 3, 5, 4, 1, 1 4 2 ( 16 1, ) 3 ( ): 2.5, 1 14 ( ): 3.7, 2.5 4 ( ) : : 1.5 ( ) :, : 10% 20%; 50%; 80% 100%;, ;,,, 1 1, 1.5,, ( ) : 30, 34, 10 25, 3, 2 3, 23, 5 15 2/3, 67, 2 3, 12, 3, 2, 2 4 1/4, 60, 2 4, 3 5 3, 16, 3 8
30 25, 20, 5 10, 7, 3 5, 5 9 1/3, 60, 3, 18 1/5, 60, 22, 7,, 1/3,, 1/5,, ( ) : ( ): 1, 2/3, 1/6, 2/3, 1/6, 2 ;, 15 10 5 ; 8 ( 20, ) : 5 4 3 2 ( ) : ( ), 15 :, 100 ( ) : 1 ( ) : 5, 4, 3, 2 ( ) :, 45, 5 1 ; 8, 2 ; 12 57
58, 3 ( ) : ( ), ( ) ( ):1 12, 110 ;25 48, 120 ;49 72, 130 ;72, (, ) ( ) : 130 ; 170 ; 40 ( ) : 8, 5,3, ( ) :,,, ( ) 1950,,,,,, [ 2]50 1950 7 1950,, :, : 130, 165,
225, 1951 2,, 13.8, 20.46, 26.7 (, 1 1956 1 3 ) 1951 9,, 70, 103, 135 ( 1951 2600, 1955 0.26 ) 1952 2 1952,, 2 (, 2 2 2 8 ) :, 60 (, ), 85, 110, : 59, 10, 12, 18, 25 ;, 100 250, 25 :, 1950 9, ( ) :, 22, 17, 11, 8, 6 14 42 : 50, 5 8,
60, 8 ;8 12 11 ;12 14 : 17, 14, 11, 8 :, 3 ;,, 177, 238, 71, 50, ; ( ),1 24, 70,25 48 75,49 84, 80, 7, ;,7, 80, 25 ; 70, 25 ; 60, 20 ; 24, : 1952 3 6, 1952,,, ( ),,, 1952 3,,, 3
( ) 222600, ( ) 163600, ( ) 100600 41600 ;, 15000, 3600000, 41000 ( 1 1, 10 12 ) 61
62,,, 1950 8 9,, 1955 7,, 5,1955 3,,,,,1948 3,, ( ) 100( 50 ) 100
; 5 :, :,, 5 : 1.6 (0.8 ), 0.6 (0.2 ), 0.025 (12.5 ), 0.025 (12.5 ), 3.4 (1.7 ) 50 80 (40 ), 30 (10 ), 1.25 (625 ), 1.25 (625 ), 170 (85 ) 200 1948, :, 110, 77 ;, 100, 70 ;, 90, 63 ;, 110 ; 63, 100 ;, 90, ;, 1950 8,,, 60, 200, 400, 1950 9 17 :,,
,,,,,,,, ( ), 10 25 28 64 1950 9, : ( )26, 5 100, 1/100 1 ( ), 102.5, 77.5, 52.5 17.5,, : 15, 1586 50 5, 5 : 0.8 (0.4 ), 0.2 (0.067 ), 0.05 (0.025 ), 0.02 (0.01 ), 2 (1 ), : 40, 10, 2, 1, 100
, ( ) ( ), ( ), 50, 200 1952 7 1,, 29,,,,29,, 13,13 ;14 17, ( ) 14 17,227 145 ; ( ) 17 22, 145 110, ; ( ) 22 26,110 92 ; 28 29,88 85, 65 (1952 1955),50, 1952 1957, 1952 7, 1954, 6 : 50, 1230,, 33 990 ; 650 1230, 455 455 990, 280 535, 205 300 ; 145 425, 50 140
1955 : 7, 10 25,, : = 2200 (1 )+ 16%( ) 66, ( ), 1955 10,, 1 33 : :1 9,143.0 270.6 ; :4 13,100.1 217.8 ; :11 20,61.6 117.7 ; :19 24,45.1 60.0 ; :14 28,31.9 93.5 ; :28 33,19.8 31.9 1955 1, 1997 10 1955 ( 1997 1001 2178 ) 20, 1952 1955,, 1953, 1952 7 23,,,, : 12.5 ( ) ( ) 14, 16,
32, (,1952 1 =1955 13000 =1956 1 3 ), 1953 ( ), 125000,,,, ; ( ),,,,8 1955,, ; 1953 1955, 125000 ( 12 5, 150 ),, : 1500 (, l 5, ), ; 1000 (1 ), ; 500 (5 ),, ; 2000 3000 (2 3 ),,, ;, 12,,,1953,,,,,,,,,, 30, 67
68,,, ( ), ;,,, ( ),, 8,4, 20 1952, ( ) 1952 4, 426 659 ( 1475 2250 ), 405 489 ( 1375 1680 ), 304 405 ( 1045 1375 ), 203 312 ( 700 1075 ), 1952 7, 59 ; 262, 9, 4, 100, 149,, 1954 12, 288 2200 2800 ( 0.22 0.28 ),,, 1955, 2663 ( 0.2663, 2 6 6 ) 2210 ( 0.221, 2 2 1 ) 50 ;, 11 ( 11, 110 ), 13.3 ( 13 3, 133 )
1955, 0.22, 165.88 232.23 ( 1658 8 2322 3 ), 40,,,, 1952,,,, 69,,,,,, 50,, ;, : 1952 12, 48454 2 ( 73%); : ( ) ( ) ( ); : ( ) ( ) ( ) 18548 2, 100 2 20,75 2 96,50 2 64,35 2 72,24 2 30
70 ; 2, 43, 325,, 52 ;1952 1,, 6000, 16,,, ( ),,,, 1950 2, :, 240 ( 360 ), 300 ( 450 ), 1953 1954, 1953 2, ( ),, 1954 ( 2200 ): ; :220, 48.4, 58.6 ; :200, 44.0, 53.3 ; :190, 41.8, 50.6 ; :180, 39.6, 47.9 ; :170, 37.4, 45.3 ; :150, 33.0, 39.9
; ; :140, 30.8, 37.3 :130, 28.6, 34.6 :115, 25.3, 26.0 ; :105, 23.1, 23.7 ( 2663, ),,,,,, : (1951 1955 ) 1951 1952 2159 2592 1953 2201 2598 1954 2205 2628 1955 2210 2663 71 : 1955 3 1, ( ), ( ), 1 = 1 1 = 100, (1935 11 ) (1955 3 ),
72 1935 1936 ( ) 1955 1956 ( ),,30 1, 50 3 30, ; 50, 1 = 3 ; 1 =90 10,1951 1952 1 1955 13000 1956 1.2 1.3, (1997 ) 12 13 50 1,, 1955,, 5 ( ),, : 1955 6 30,, : 7,,,,,,,,, 29, 649.6, 29 2l, 30,,, 11,,
,, 80 1952,,,, 1953,, (, ),, 73 135 ( ),,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,, ( ),,
74 :,,,,,,,, 1948,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,,400 170 23, 70,, 50,, 12,,, : (50 ), 10 1,,, 3, 30, :, 90, 100 ( )
,,,,,,, :,,,, : :,,,, ;,,,,,, : ( ),,, :,,,, 17,,,, 30,, 75
, ( ) ),, 1955 76 1955,, 1956, 1955, 10 3 6 (20 30 ), (1955 ),1955 252 6, (1937 ) 600, 1500 ( 1 2.5 );, 16.8%,,1955 1/6,, : 800, 500 ( 1/3, 30 30%) 800, :, 253 ;,,218 ;,,217.8 ;,,200.2 ;,,185 ;
,,184.8 ;,,184.8, 200 ( 2000 ), ( ) 1956 1 7,, 1 14 :,,, 77,, 1 14 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
78,, ( ),, : 1., ; 2. ; 3. ( ),, :, 500 ( 5000 ), ; 20 90, 1956 1 20,,,,,, 1956 1967,
1956, 1956 1956 6 16, 32 :,,,, ;,,,,, 1956 6, 40,, ( ),, 20, 79 30,
80, 30 ; 8 ( 7 ) ;,, 1 1 8 ; 7 13, 8 17,, ;,, 3 5 ; 5 8 ; 8 10 ; 9 13, 14 17, 17 22,, 7 ; 8,, 3 4,10 (218.5 ) 11 (195.5 ) ( ), 8 (287.5 ), 10 (218.5 ); 7 (322 ); ( ) 9 ( 1968 5 ), ; ( ) 11 ( ),, ;,,, ( ), 1956,,
1956, : ( ),, ; ( ), ; ; ; ( ) (6, ) 4 :1 345,2 287.5,3 241.5,4 207 ;(3 4 1 2 ) 4 :1 241.5 ;2 207 ;3 177 ;4 149.5 ;( 1 ) 4 :1 149.5,2 126.5,3 106,4 89.5 ; 4 :1 78 ;2 69,3 62,4 56 ; ( ): 6 (368 ) 13 (155.5 ), ( ) (6, ):1 ( )345,2 ( ) 287.5,3 ( )241.5 ;4 ( )207,5 ( )177,6 ( )126.5 ; :7 ( )106,8 ( )89.5,9 ( ) 78 ;10 ( )69,11 ( )62,12 ( )56 ( :,, ) ( : : 155.5 333.5 ; 91 177 ; 102.5 241.5 81
82 : 62, 56, 37 ), : (1952 1955) A. : ( ), 2 3 ( ); ( ) 2 2, 3 ; 2 B. : 1 ; 2 1 ; 3 1 1956, ( 2 ) A. : 63 2 ; 50 2 ; 41 2 ; 30 2 B. :, 28 2, ; 24 2 ;, 15 2 ;, 8 2 (2 1 ); 5 2 (3 1 ) 1956,, 4 ( 86 2 ) 3 (72 2 ) 2 (58 2 ),, 1958,,,,30 40 1958 1978 80, 20,,
1956,,,,, ( ) ( ), 9 (253 ), 13 13,, ; 14 17, ;18 23,,, ;,, 8, ; 83,,1937 7 6 ;1945 9 2 ;1949 9 30,,, ( : 6 :1 644,2 581,3 517,4 460,5 414,6 368,7 322,8 287.5,9 253,10 218.5,11 195.5,12 172.5,13 155.5,14 138,15 124,16 110.5,17 99,18 87.5,19 78,20 70,21 62,22 56,23 49.5,24 43,25 37.5 ),,, : 1, 644,, 2, 581
3 (517 ) 4 (460 ) 5 (414 ), 6 (368 ) 7 (322 ) 3 (517 ),,,, 3, 517 ;,, 4, 460 ;, 4, 460 84,, 1, 345 (1937 ), 3, 253 4 :, 365 (, 345 ) 4, 220 ; 7 ( 14 ), 140 1956,, 4,, 2013 27243, 13 5, 20%;, 207 345, 149.5 207, 89.5 149.5, 62 106 ( 1 10 ) : 266 8, 190 9, 122 2, 161, 73 5, 78, 94, 56, ( ) 22 1, 345 ( 3450 ) 1 56,, 1, 345,
1956, 100, 445, 1.5 2,,,,,, : 200 2%;100 200, 1% 6 2 287.5, 281.7 ; 8 106, 104.9, 331, 324 : 1956, 1959 1/5 808, 11 1960, 1/4 645, 10, 900 1963,1798 ( 4970 1/3),, 7, 3/5 ; 2/5( ),, ( ) 56 /, 40 / 85, 11 1, 6, 8, 11, 1, 3%, 1956,,, 8 ;,, 6 ;,
86, 4 6%, 6%, 62, 65, 58, 345, 365, 324, :, 6 ( ) : 12, 345, 62 6 21, 333.5, 29 10, 149.5, 42.5 11, 86.5, 26.5 (1955 1956 1, 30 0.33, 10 ) ( ) ( ) 1956,,, ( ), :,, 10, 218 ; 2, 270,,,,, :, ( ), 11, 3, 230 ( 4 ); 11 190 ;,
1956,, 1956, 16, 1 2 1 7, 6 333.5, 1,,,, 1, 1800, 1500 ; 600,50, 400, 300 200,, 1, 345 ( 7 ), 2, 800 280, 1, 333.5, 2, 280 8, 125.5 87 50,, ( ), :
88,, 11, 1954 12,, 200 ( 200 ) 1955 1 1959 12, 200,,, 100 : 1960 1, 400, 150 1964, 9, 400 200 1952,,, ; 1938,, ;, 1952,,, 1952, 30,, ;,,,,,
1956,, ; ( 狕 ī) ( 犾 á 狅 ) 狕 ā 狅 ( ),, 1953,,,,, :,, ( : ), :,, 12,, 89, : 500 ( 500 ), 500,, : 500 500,, 1954 6,,, 218, (1956, 345 ), 1954 8 :,,,,,,, 1954 8 22,,,,,,,, 225, 9 ;
90,,, 200 2,,,,,,, :!,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,,, ;, ( ),, 9,, ( ) 1956 1953,, 1954 1955,,, 1956,, 1571, 14
1956, 4 1, 1956 1955 14.5%, 6 7 1956 1955, ;, 1955 1956 : : 63.5 ;, 20, 70 ; : 57.5 ;, 21, 62 ; : 46 ;, 22, 56 ; 46 ; : 36 ;, 24, : 32 ;, 25, 37.5 ; : 27.5 ;, 26, 33 (6 ) ; 8 ; 4 1957, 91 1955 1960 1955 8 24 23,,
92, 4, 25 1, ( ), :,, ( ) : 60, (1898 1937), ;, 1952,,, ( ), 8,,, 1956, 14 5, 12,2 5, 6, 27,, 25, 1 2,,, (1 5 ), (1 ) (5 ) 1956 15, 1920 192 5, 96 10 ; 4, 3, 8,, 10,, 3,,,
1956, 1956 1955,,, 200,, 1956,, 93 (1953 1957), 1955 1571,, ( ), 53, 30 40 1956, 180, 58 ( 1957, 74.52, 53.4 ), : 20 70, 21 62,22 56 148 ( 12 ) 205 ( 17 ) 62 ( 5 ) 79 ( 6 ) :, 1 8 5, 1 4 1 5, 8, 5 4, 5, 4 5, 5 5, 2 5, 4, ( ) 10 15,
94 ( ) 30 :5 2 :1 8 3 :1 5 3 :1 6 5 30 :1 2 11 (1956 1, 10 ), 3 4, 10 2, 2 ( ) 1,,, 1956,, 1956 12 20, 384,1768 ( 4.6 ) : 88%, 8.2%, 3.8%(,, ), 100, 50,,, 1952 90 1954 1955, 20,1956 64 ( 37 ),5 90, 43, 1955 69 1956 40
1956,,, 1955, 35, 350, 80 1956 10,, 100,,, 12% 14%, 90,, 10,,1955 8768,1956 10106,, 1955, 4,1956 3 55000,6 67000,9 106000,12 119000 ; 1957 1, 122000,1956 1955, 779,,1953, 70%, 1956 12, 50%, ( ) 1947,,,,,,,,,, 95
96,, 81,,,, ;,,,,, 100 1956, 94 6 6 24, 65 159 6, 23 ; 183, 26 1956,,, ; ;, 1 2, 3,, 12,, 5, 50,, ( ),4, 8, 100 ;, 70 ( 6 ), 54 8 25,,,,,, 1947,,
1956, ;,,, 1950, 1952,,,, 600cc,,200,, 1956,, ; 50,, ;1956,,, :,, ;,, ;,, 14, ( ) 8,,, 2400, 1250, 600 ( 5 ),, 600 220, 1953, 200 ( 200 ),, ; ( ) 1955,,,220 100 97
98, 1956, 220,, 6000 (, 720, 50 ) 1956, ( ) 2 3 7 7 20, 350 1957 35 ; 1957 10, 2700,48, 7 1954,, 20,, 1954,,,, ( 1956 ) 116, 34 ;, 53 9,, ;, 50, 3,1956, 40 500, 1956 4 3 3 5 2 7 1 1957,,1956,,,1957, 33, ; 1956 :
1956,,, ( 1957 4 1 ) 1956 1957,, 20 50 60, 1956, 9 10, :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;, 99
, 1957,,,,, : 100, ;, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( : 1956 ),,, ; :,,,
101 1898,, ( ),, : 1912,,,,, 20 ( 20, ),50,, 20,20 50 40 ( ), 200 ( 2000 ) ;,
102, 50 ( ),, ;,, 1949-1952, ;,, ( 20 1000 ),,, ( ),, 1950 4 1, ( ), 1950 4 25 :,,,,, 1950 9 15 25, 266, 39 :, ( ),,, ( :1949 ), ( :1937 ) 426, 185
, 185, 15, 6,,, ( : ), :, ;,,, 11 : : 2,2, 2 ( ) 103 :, : (1), 1 2, (2), 3 5, (3),, 10 15, (4), 4 8,,,,, ( 20 1000 ), 8, 16, 25%, 50% (,,1994 ) 1953 5 30,
104 :,, ( :, 7 11 ), 1 8,,,, (1953 1957) 1953,,, 1953, :, ( ), 1000 ( 10,20 ), : 6 18 ( 6 18, 60 180 ), 4 13 ( 40 130 ) 1 ( 1 ), (1997 ) 10 12 ;, ( :1955 3 1,, ( ), ( ) 1 = 1, 1 = 100 1955 8, ),, 1 ( 2 3 ),,, ;, 1953, :1 4, 5 6, 80%
13 40%,, 20, 15, 3000 ( 1998 3 ); 1 2, 6000 ( 6 ); 4, 12000 ( 12 ), ( 300 ), 50 ( ) :1954 9,,, 1957 105 : 1956, 60, 11000 ( 1998 11 ),, 20,, 11000 15, 2, 1800, 60, 15000 ( 1998 15 ), ;, ( ),37, 70, 18000, 3000,, 5, 150, 7400, 60 ( 12 ),, 7000 ( 1998 7 ) :,,,
106,,,,, :,, ( 1 = 3 ), ( : ), 10% 15%, 10% : 14.9%, 15.6%, 23%,,, 700,, 1 ( 10 ) : 47, 6.7%; 21, 3%; 10, 1.5%;,1954 1957, 11822, 3000 ( 3 ),, :,, :,50 6 18 ( ), 30 2 6, 30 1 5, 50 4 13, 30 1.3 4, 30 1 3,30 15% 20%,40 10% 15%;, 50, 40, 30,
1952, 16,, ;1953, ;1954 18,, ; :,,,, 107,,, (, 11 12 ),,,, 1957 10 17, : :1956,,, 20 18 15,,3,,,,4, 15, 6.3,3 ( 45 ), 1800 ( 18000 ),6, 15, 4,2 ( 30 ), 2000 ( 2 ),10.4, 18, 6.8,3
108 ( 54 ), 5600 ( 56000 ),11, 18, 10,4 ( 72 ), 8000 ( 8 ) 1, 17,6, 108 ; 1080, 1 5, 18500, 18,,,,,, 2000 ( 2 ), 11, 4,,, 10, 3.5, 35 :,, 1957 4,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,
,,,,,,, ( :1956 ) 20, 2,,,,,,,,,, 109,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 10 1, 10,, 1000 1000, 10001,
110,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,60, 72,,, 7000 :,,, 2000, 60,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1958 1966),,,
, 1957,, 1958 9, 1958 1958 7, : 4 6 8 10 12 15 3 4 5 6 8 10 1953,,, 111, 3, 1958,,,,,, 1958 10 10, :,,,, 1959 3 23, : ( ), :, ( ),,,,,,,
112,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ;,, ( ),, ;,,,,, (1958 1962) 1958 10,, ( ),
;, 1958 1962, ( ): 4 15, 3 10, 1958 1961,, 1000 5000, 8% ; 20, 4, 15, 40%, 7350 ( 7 ) 1958, ( 1957 20% 30%),, :,,,,, 113, 1960, 1960 10, : ( ),,,,, 1961 4, 1958 10 20, 15,, 3000 4, 1958 10 40%; 1953 1/4 ( ), 1962 5, 1964, 7,
4 15, 3 10 1966 1,,, 50%; 2 8 1 5 5,, 1966 6,,, 114
115 1957,, 1976,, 1957 4, 1 3, 1957 6,,, ;,, 1957 10, 21 ( 6 62 ) 22 ( 56, 560 ), 1957,,, ; 46 (,
460 ),, 22, 21 10%( ),, : 116, :,,,,,, ( ) 1957 6 26,, 6 29,,, 7 9, :,, 9, 62000, : 15 ( ),10 14, 4837 ; 10 25,, 1958 4 6, ;,, 552877 ; (500 ) 1/9 ( ),
, ( ),,,,,,1957 7 18, :,, 8 1, ;8 3, 117,,,,,, : 8 4,, :, ; ;,,,,, :, :, ;,,, :
118,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :, ( 1957 : 489 493 ),,,,,,, 10 8, 3 5, 1957 8,, :,,, ;,,,, 1979 11, 1 3 1 1957 1958, 55, ( 839 )
, ;,,, ;,,55, 28,, 1957 12, 100, 119,12 14 :, 62, 53 1958 1, 96,,,, 96 : 96, ( 4 5 ),,,,, 3 ( 517 ) 7 ( 322 ), 7,,,
120, 4 ( 460 ) 9 ( 253 ),, 4 10 ( 218.5 ) 1963, 1963 3,, 150 ;, 200, 11 ( 195.5 ) 16 ( 110.5 ), 13 ( 155.5 ), ;,,, 100, 1958 1 28, :,,, 1 29, 96,, ( ) : 1,,,, ; 2,, ;( :,
26 32, ; 8 10 ) 3,,,,,, ;( : 4 5,, 60 ) 4,,,, ;( : 3 ) 5,,,,, ;( : 2 ) 6,, ( :, ) ( ) : 121,, ( 1 );,, ( 2 );, ( 3 4 );,, ;, ( 5 6 ), 1 ( ), ; 6,,, 3 7, :,,, ( ),, ;,, ; ( ),, ;
122 ( ),,, ;,, 1,, :,,, ; 3, 11 4 ; 12, 10 2,, :,, 28 ;,, 4 : ( ),, 28 4, 32,,, 4, 26 2,, 15 3,, 4 5, : ; 17 21, 16 21, 18 23 4, 3, :,, 4 200 7, 120 ; :,,, 3 5,, 2, : ( ),, 2 5 6, :, ;,,, 6, (, 326, 1998 ) 3,, 6, 1958 4,
:,,, 1958 ; 3 4 5,, 1958 1959 1, 1959 3, :,,, 123,, : 28,, ;,, 5 7 ;, 7 10,, 1959 3, 28 32 [ :50 1, (90 ) 10, ], 1917,, 1949 10, 4, 200
124 1957,, 1958 1 8, ;1958 2, 3 1961,, 1961 ( 1966 ),, 120 1969 1968 3, 1975 6 7 :, 1957 1978 10, 4 62, 22 :,,,, :,,,,,, (,, 519,635 ) : 1958,,,,
, (, 634 ) 1958 3 500,,,,,,,,, 125 (, 365, 1998 ), 3 14,, : 3 25,,,,,,, 18,, :,
,,,,,, ( 95 96, 1998 ) 126,, 1958,,, 1960,, 19 160,, 90,,, 82,,,, : 1957,,, ( 32 ),,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, ;,,, :, 127,,,,,,,, 1958, ( ) 5,, ( ),,,,, 5,,,,, 3 4, :,,,
128 50,, ;,,,, ;1959,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1961 5 24,,, 3,, 1961 5 24,, 1957,,,,, ( 16 2 ),,,, 1963 11 24 72 3, 1964 5 24,3, 36,,, 1964 5 24,,, ;1966, 1969,
,, 1978,1979, 14, 22, 60, ;,,, ;1979,,,,, ; 1963, 1964 10 1, 129, 1962 10,, ( ), 400 ( 320 ),, 4,,,, ;, ;,, :,,,,,, :,,
130, :, ;,,,,,,,, 1964 5 24, 5,,,, : :,,,, 27,,,, ;, ;,,, 60,, 6, 7 (322 ) 3, 10 (218 ),,, ;
, ( ) 1961,, 1965, 62,,,, 2 :, 10 ( 218 ), 26,, 3, 26,,,5, 131 5 10,50 90, 62 :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),
,,, 132,1958, (26 );1960, 1961, 70 ; 1969, 1979,, 3,,, 10 2,,,, 29 ;, 20 ;, 21 ;, 54,, 143, 54, ; 20 ( ) 13 1, 6 ; 16 2,,
; 25,, 7, ;, : :,,,, 20 50,, 133,,,,,,,,,, 1957, 1957 6 8,, ( 1957 146 427 ) 1957 7, ( ) 5, ; 20, 37 ( ) 13,1958,,
134, ( ), ;,, :,,, :,, 1958 4,,, 12, 4 28, ( ) ;, 6, 8000,,,, 5,, 12, 16 2,,, 15, 1 : 1970, 1958 1962, ;,, 28, 4, 14 10, 1970 1973,
,, 1 5, 2,,,,, 1957,,,,,,,,,, 20 1945,, 135 4, 16,,, ;,,,,,,, 6 ( ), 3 50, 7,,,, 1958 3 25, 13,,, ;, ;,,, 12 1959,,,,
136 1958, 13, 1971, 1976,, 32 50, 1966, 15, 1958 4, :,, 15 :,,,,, :,, 15, 1959, 1961 9, 34 5, 281, 3, 5 27 1961, 11 18, 80 50, 30, 3,, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 1969 ( ) 1975, 60%, 24 6, 29 5 1982,,
( 7 ), 322,,, 5, 2,, 16,,,, 1, l, 3, 2 l, 1,,, 137 2,,,, 28, : 6 6,,,,, :,,, ;,,, (1958 ) 54,,,, 1957
138, 2 :,, ; ( 11 ), 4, 26, 5 4 1, 6,,3 1958 1979, 8, 26, 10, 100, 8,, :,, 1960 1962,, 6 ( 10 15 ),, 6 5, (, 1993 5 ) 4,,, 1963,, 4, 15, 124,1966,,, 15 ; 1979,, : 40,,, :,,
1987 3,,, ( 1926 ), 1958 7,9 1956 7, 105 4 ;, 3, 57 5, 3 1,1956,,, 1959, ( ),, 1963 4 16, 139, 39,,, 39,, 1977, 5 1978 12,,, 105 4,, 1958 9, 48, ( ),, ;,, 12,, 1960 12 1966, 9,, ; 57 7, 40, 17 7,
, 8 2 1972, ;1975, 65,, 57 1981, 1987, 140 :1957,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1959 :1959,,,,, :, :1959 : :,
,,,,,,, ( 148 149, 1998 ) 141
142,, 20 30 ( ) ;,,, 1949 1950,, 1953,, 1954 9, ; 1955 11, ;1957 7,, 40 1955,, 1956 1957, (1/4, 16 1 ) 5, 1980 6 ; 1965 1966,
(1/5, 10 1 ) 5, 1993, ( ) 20 50 90,, 20 30 ( ),,, 50 80 ( ), ;,,,,,,, 143,, ;,,, 3,,, ;, ( ) 20 60,, 70% 80% 20% 30%( ), ( ),, :,,,,
144 1952,,,, 1955, ( :1955 11,1954 9,1957 ),,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,
:1961,,,,,,,, ; 80,,, 145,,, 20 30,,, 20 90, ( ), (, ) ( ), 1,1 ;,, ( ) :,,,, (80 250 ) ( 1/2 ),,,,
146 50,,, 1 1 (500 ) 60 1 1, 1 2 1,,,,1984, 1985,, ( ), 1988, 1 (750 ), (1 ) ( ), :,,,,6,100 ;,, 20 50,, ;60,,, 10 45,, ( ) ( 70 ) 1 (500 ) 9,,, 50,, ( )
,, :,,, ;,, :,,, :( ) 147 :( ) ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,, 3 6 1 8 1,
148 2 1, :,,, 1,,,,,,,, 1 (500 ), 2 4, 20 80, 2, 1 1,,,, 3 1 80, ( ) 4, 1, 2 ; 30, 6, 800, 5000, 6 1958, 1959 1962,,,,, :,,,,,,, 32, 31,,
28, 130 93, ( ),,,,,, :,,, :,,20,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 3 ( 149, );, ( ),,,,,,,1955, 1956 1958, 1959, 25,,, 1961,,,, ( ), 1962,,,,,,
150,, 1960 :,,,,,,,,,, 70,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 80, ( ) :1961,,,,, 2,,, 3,, 1,,,,,, 1 10, 1 1 ;, 1
6, 4, 2,,, 1 5 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ) 1,, 151,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), (, ),, 20,,,,,,,,,, 9 4 50,,,,,
152 ( ), 1961, ( 8, ),,, ;,,,,,, 60 70 :,,,,,,,,, 2 9 : 4, 2, 3, 9 4, 28 1978, 10,,, 140, 1979,,,,,,
, 1 1, 1 5 1,, 3, 1, ;, 1 1 3 140,,, 8 8,, 153 1955, 4 (16 ), 2 (125 ), ( ) 1960 (10 ),, :,,,, ( 5 ) 1960, 1, 1,,, 4 ( ) : 1 2 3 ( ) ( )
154 4 ( ) :,, 1 1995 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997, :,, ( ),, 1, 1 2 5 1,,,,,,, : :, 1960,,,, 2, :,,
,,,,, 6011, 1960 11,,,, :,,, ;,, 35,, 8 155,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 8, 2,, 1953, 1955 ( )
156 (125 ),, ( 1965 ), (1966 1965 ), ( ), 1957 7 1956,, 1958,,, ;1959, 1960,,,,, 2.5,2 ( 1 =16,1 =31 ) 1961 8,,, ;, :, 60,,, 1 (50 ),, ;,,,,,,, 1,,,,
: (250 ),,,,,,,,,, :,,, 157 20 70,,,,, ( ),,,, 1973, :,/,/ /,/,/ : ( ),,,, :,,
158 1954,, 9 ( ), ;, 1955 11,,, : 17 3, ; 13 ; 11 ; 24, ; 7 4,, ;,, : 1954 9 1955 2, 6 : 1954 9 15 1955 8,, 1960, 3, 3 7 ;, 1 6 1961 3 8, 2 6,, 60,, 1961, 6 6, 1962 7 7,, 80,, 1983 11 23,, 12, 1984, 9,
:1963, 18,, :,, 15, 4,,,,, :,, 159 17 3,, 6,,,,,,,, :, 3,,, 8,,,,,,,,, :1968 1970,,,
160, 13, 10, 7,,,,,,, 10,5, 1, 24,,,,,,,,,, 28 :,,, 20 60,, 1963 1965,,,,, 80,,,,
,,,, 80%,,,,, 95%, :1959 1961,,, 1, 2 ;1961,,, 161,, 70, 9,, ;,,, ;, 5 1 2,, 0.25, 0.15, 4,, (, 2000 6 16 ) 30,,1961,1962 ;1963 5, 9 1984,,, 6,3, 10, 10 8,
162,, 4 6, 80,, 1983 11 23, 12 1,,,,,,,,, 12 1,, :,, : 12 1, :,,, ( ),,,, 6,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 163,,,, :, 1958, 90,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, :, 1983, ( ),
164,,, 500,,,,, 10 ( ), 100, 500 :, ( ) 2, 1 3 ;, 3 4 1, 5 1000, 50 ( 300 ) 1500 ( 9000 ) 9 2, 70 ( 420 ),, :, 20 80,, ( ), ( ), 20 30, ; :, : : 2, 3 4, 1986 1700,
1987 5 2200 1986, 25,, 60 ; 1 2, 3, 1 8 60, 10 8 ( 65 ),100 ( 90 ), 4, 1 8 ( 2 ), 22 ( 132 ) 20 80,,,, 165 600 ;, 400, 500 ;, 100,, :,,,,80,,,, 1983,, 10, 1978 1980,, 200
166, 1981,, : ( ),,,, ; ( ),, ( ),, 2 4, 2 4, (,,, )
167 1961, :, ;, :,,, 1960 6000, 2870,, 1957 (3900 ) 3/10 1960, 10 (1951 ), 1951, 20 (1942 ),,,,1960 1957 3124, 1951,
168,, 1960 6,, :, 7, 10,, 10,, 10,,,, :,, : 42.53,9 6 2.37, 44.9 7.9, 37 12.5,, 28, 2, 2, : 1960 9 10,,, 20, 30, ( ), 50 40,,,,, :,,,
,,, 1961,, ; ( ),, 1962 1957 3900, 3200, 1952 500, 400,,, 1957 419.6, 1962 200,,, 169,,, 6000 2000, 1961 1 1963 6, 1887, 2600, ( ) 2800,,, 1957,, 1958 40,,,1958, 1957,, : ( ),,
, ( ),, = 1958, ( ) 1959,, 1957 1958 1959 1960 170 637 ( ) 550 524 528 581 ( ) 507 482 474 ( ) 1957 50, 40, 1/5, 1958,,, 1960 8 10,,, ;, ;,,, ;, ;,,
,,,,50 : 1958,,8,, 13,,, ;, 1959 9,, 31, 27 10.5 171,3 10,, ( ), ; ; 1960 1962,,,,,,, 1960 10,,, :,,,,,,,
172,, 32 27, 3, 24, 8,,,,, 30, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8, :,,,, 382, 382,,,,,,,, 382,
,,, :1957 15.6 ( 1.3 ),1960 3.33 ( 0.27 ), 1961 1.42 ( 0.12 );1962, 2.68 ( 0.22 ), 1957, 5 ( 0.4 4 ),1960 0.44 ( 0.037, 3 ),1961 0.27 ( 0.02, 5 173, );1962, 0.57 ( 0.05, ) :1961 1962, ( ), 1960 1962,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,
174, 17 ( ),,,,,,,, 26, 26, 24, 18, 1960,,,,,,, 26,,,,,,,,, ;, 1960, ( ) ( ) :
( ), 30 31 ( 1 ), 6 ( 2 ), 2, 2 ; ( ) ( ), 4, 3, 2, 2 ; ( ), 2, 2, 1, 2,,,, 175 1962, 3,,, 3 5,,, 1961 2 9, : ( ) 2000,, 1961 11, 1 1, 10 ( 1 ) ( ), 200,,
176, ( ), 1/4 ( ) (1962 ),, ( ) 1,,, 1958 1960 1963,, 1960,, ( ) 28, 5 ( ) 1, 1961, 20, 30% ; 2, 2 1,,, 1961 7, 20, 1961,, 1961 10 11, 14,, 10 16, 30 10 4 4 2, (15 ),,,,,,
, 1966 1961 11, ;, ( 343 345 ) 1963,4 14, : :,,,,,, 1963 2 18 177,, : 1., 2. ( ) :,, :,, :, :, :, :, :,( ), : :,, ( ) :, 1963 7 24,,, :
,,74,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( 390 391 394 395 ), 178,, 1959 1960, 1957 17.8% 14%, 1960 1957, 20% 23% 70%;,,, ( ) 1960,,,1961,, 1960,1961 2.6, 1960,, 6, 5 8 ;, 1 1, 1, 2,, 1958 1 1960,
,, 48 3 5 1, 1 2 1 68, 50, 26 3 ( ),, 1960 20.8, 1.9 ; 12 95.9, 1959 27.7%;1961 120, 1961, 85,, 179 1960 1965,,,,,, ;, 1961 1 19, :,,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,
180,,,,,,,,, 1960 8, ( ),, 1961 1, 40, 30, 1800, 8300 1961 3,,1.3,, 4, 200 841 :,, 4 5 ;, 3.5, (0.6 1 ) 4.8 ; 4.5, (0.8 1 ) 4.6, ( ) 1/5,, 20% 1961 38, 26 1961 43.3%,1962 125.7, 27.1%, 26.7, ( 2.6 ), 1962 2, :,
: :1., 2., 3., 4., 1962,, 2, 160 650, 590, 4292, 4, 6 3,, 1.5, 1.73 181 4 :, 3, 3.09, 4 20, ( ), 4 5.7,, 2.97, 16, 4.4 ;, 1.2, 8, 5.7, 1.6 3.3, 3.53, 15, 3.2 ;, 1.14, 3, 1.6 ;, 0.8,, 0.38, 0.69, 4 5,, 10% 50% 50%, 100%, 75% 125%, 150%;, 3.4,, 5 10,
182, 3 1962, 22 1961 57.1%; 1962 6, 1962, 1962 8 5, :, 15%, 5 4.2 ;, 3 2.2, 15%, 4 3.4, 25% 30%,, 40%,, 600 350, 3, 2 1962 11 1, 4.2 3.2, 24%,, 2.5 2, 20%;, 2.2 1.6, 27.3%, 1/3 (, 12 8 ), 30% (, 9 6.5 ), 25%, 3 2.15, 45% (, 180 100 ), 10% 33%, 11 29, 20% ; 35% 40%, 135 1963 3,, : 10% 25% 15%,, 350 300, 1965,,1969,,,,
, 1961, 1965, 120, 60 1961 1962 1960 1961 92.6%, 1965 1956 1976, 1959 1961 1963 1971, 20 1957 1976, 1956 1965, 183, ( ),, 1965 3,, 404, 30, 13.5 1956 28,,,, 331 264 15 ( 17 ) 1 2 66 80, 8 (109 ) 29 1965, :, ;,
, 184 1966 1976 10, ;, ( ), ( ), ( ),1965 652, 54 3 ; 1976 605, 47, 50 4, 4, 7.7%; ( ), 1955 1,, 1965 42.3,1976 40.3 (1976 1 1955 8 ), ( ),1957 58.1,1960 47.4 (1960 1 1955 9 4 ), 1957 1976,, 20, 1963 1976, ( ), 1956, 56, 62, 37, 107, 34, 1956,, :50,,
( ) ( ),, (,, 25 ), 27, 89.5 ( ) 89.5 106 126.5 149.5,, ( ) ( ), 33 ;,, 149.5 ( ) 149.5 177 207 241.5, 3 ;, ( ), 40 ;, 185, 241.5 ( ) 207 241.5 287.5 345, 5 50, 345 ( ) 65 70,,, 60 1977 40,,, 50, 20 (1956 ): (1) =17496 ; (2) =17376 ; (3) =17376 ; (4) =13530
186 (, 1998 ) 1956 10, 1957 1976, 17, 13 20,, (90 ), 7, ;, ( ) 40, 50,,,,, ( 40 50 ), 10 15 25,, 7,,, 10 40 300 (, 1 ), 20 3, 5, 15, 5,, 1966, 13% 17%, 12%, 1 8 5 1 4 8 1 5 2, 2.02 2.05 1 7, 1 2 2 1 4
3, 1 5 2 1 6 4; 1 7 2, 1 2 7 1 4 2 ( 50, 307 308 ) (1966 1976),, :,, :, 5, 4 ; 4 3 ( ), 187,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,,, :
,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 188 1949 1978 30, 6500 ( 65000 ); 5000 ( 50000 ) :, 1200 ( 12000 );, 5000 ( 50000 ) 1955 4.7%, 1980 2.5%;1960, 1980 1/4, [ 1] 1976 1 8,,, : (
); : 1958, 1976, 18 161442.00 36645.51, 10218.67 1/4,,,,, 300 20 60, 300,, 404.80, 342.70, 747.50 189,,, 1984 4, :, ( ) 3, 5, 6, :,,,, 5000, 5709.80, 3000 20 80,,,1992 7 706.50,, 1992,,, 550, 11146.95,,,,,
190 :,,, :,,,,,,,,, 26,,,, 1959,, : :,, ;,,,,, :, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,
1952,, :, 1961,,, 100 :,, 25, 50 :,,, ( ) 191 [ 2], 1971, : ;, ; : 155 ( ), 300,, 1971 8 10 ( : ) 80, 1967 5,1967 8,, :, 1970 8 ( )
192 1858, 5077, 134, 1451, 159, 1083 118, 766.55 3431661 432, 127, 5355, 159, 13, ( ) : ( ), :, : 20, 5,,,,,, :,, ( ), :,,,,,, :,, 1967 1970,,,,,,, 20,
5, : ( ) ( ),,,,, :,,,,, :,, 193
1980 194,, 1980 1979 :1962,1979,,,,,, 30 40 30,,,, 1 6, 5 ( 8,, 5 ),,1 8, 1, 3 ;,
1980,, 1 1980, 3 4 5,, 8, 1,, 4 7 1 1 3, 5 1 1 5,,, 1, ( ), 21, ( 1999 12 15 ) 195 1980 ( ) 1951, 16, 1969, 18,, 16, 18, 21 ;, 33 (1973 ), 38 6, 14,,, 10, 10, 18 18,, 20, 200,, 41 3, 10, 9, 200
196 1979, 500,, 300,,,,, 100,, 30, 14 2,, 11,, ; 21,,,, 79 9, 10, 3, 20, 46,, 7 8, 1 4 8,, 40,,,,,,, ( 42 45 ) 1982 1983, 1982 1983,, 8 4385 ;
1980,,,,,,, 1980 200,, ; ;, ; 197 1960,,, 685 2536, 1241, 1295, :0.96 1, 575, 41.73%, 37.46%, 124, 60,,, 1.1982 ( / ) % % 40 147 32.59 22 4.77 41 60 212 47.01 155 33.62
( ) ( / ) % % 61 80 76 16.85 167 36.23 81 100 14 3.10 66 14.32 101 150 2 0.44 45 9.76 151 0 0 6 1.30 451 100 461 100,, 125.45, 198 73.77, 48.98,,, 60,60 20.3%, 60 61.6%;, 50,,, 1949,,, 28,18286,69000 ( ) 4.02, 3.91,,,
1980 2. % % 1599 100 464583 100 133 8.32 55330 11.91 353 22.08 137668 29.63 633 39.59 166975 35.94 378 23.64 86676 18.66 33 2.06 5824 1.25 69 4.32 12110 2.61 ( 1983 10/100 ) 199,, 1712, 1152, 67.79%, 2 1,, 51.09, 36.49 (, ), 100 33.13%, 101 150 57.53%, 151 200 8.73%, 200 0.60% 1/3 100, 114.95,,,, 15 2 166, 46.76%; 16 25 2 112, 31.55%; 26 35 2
200 64, 18.03%; 36 2 13, 3.66% 1.3, 5.14 2 7 2, 79 2, 12 4,,,,,1982 757, 6, 2544, 1257, 1287 20,,,,,,,, 2387, ( ) 44.2%, 12.7%, 5.9%, 5.1%, 29.2%, 24.3%;, 14%; 13.1%, 49.13,,, ( ) 6.44 2 ( 4 2 ), 4 2 1/4, 1 2,
1980 ( ) 49.1, 35.1 55 52%,55.1 31.7%, 80 8.4%, 35 ( ),,,,,, 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 113.20 400 15 68.37 250 10 201 5.21 31 1 4.41 25 1 3.91 15 1 8.47 50 1 11.17 98 1 2.81 70 1 6.85 30 1,, 61%, 22% 37% 1977 ( ), 29% 3, 8,,,,,,,83%, 17
150,,,, 4.646 577 161 138 106 488 537 124 32 48 7 0 71 35 4 41 16 30 17 73 108 5 5 ( ) 202, 646 48 29 ( 32 ) 508 ( 577 ) 1977,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,1981,,
1980 14,,, ( ) ( ),,, 1982, 671,, 40.76%, 19.90%, 60.66% ;,, 203,, 1982 12,, 200, 4.35, 40.72, 4.23, 38.19,,, :,,,,, 1982,
5. (1982 12 ) (1983 8 ) ( ) ( ) 4.00 40.48 3.74 40.64 (%) 34.32 4.14 27.86 32.28 4.59 26.24 204 (%) 18.33 43.28 23.75 11.54 1.08 2.02 17.66 18.84 29.20 29.50 1.81 2.98 : 300, ( )
205 20 80,, :,, ( ),, 1987,,, 10, 14, 19 ;,, : ( ),
206, ;,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80,,,,,,,, 1986 5,,, 11 ( ),, 376, ; 8 78%, 20%, 111,
137, 81 53, 37%,,,,,,, 20 80, 207, 3, 70,26,,,,,,,, 2, 3, 30 9, 9,,,,,,,,,1986 1/5, 15% :1985 1984 8.8%,1986 6%, 1987 6.3%;
, 1984 1985 17.9%,1986 16%,, : 1985 1986, :, ;, 208 1987 8, ( ), :, :, :,,,, :,,, ( ),,
,,,,, ;,,, 1985 1987,, 1987 10,, 209,,, 1985 1987,, : ( ), ( ), :1985 18.6%, 16.4%,,, 6%, :,,, (,, 50 53 ),,, ( )
210,,,, :,, (, 54 55 ) ( ),,,,, (, 55 56 ) : ( ), ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ),, : 1985 1984 18.6%,1986 15.5%;1985 1984 16.4%,1986 13.4% ( : 1987 11 )
[ ] : 1985 1984 8.8%,1986 6%,,,, 6% 8.8% :,,,1985 211, 22%, 34.5%,,, 1/3,,,, 1985 1986, 12.2% 7%, 5%;, 1985 18.6%, 13.9%, 16.4%;,,,,,,
212,,,,,,,, :,, :, 1985,, 1985 34.5%,1986 3.3%,1987 4.8%, ( 64 ) 1988 1989, 1.2, ; 55%, 45%;, ( ), 59.8%; ( ) 86.2%; 21.6%; 300, 1988, :, ;, ( 697 699 ),
, ;,, 1988, 21.5%,1989 18.9%;, 1990,,, 1988 5, 4,, 213,,,, 1988,, : :, ( ),,, 5 10, 50 100,, 1984 1993, ( ), 1993, :1993 19.6%,1994 28.8%, 1995 19.7%,
1997,, 21, 214 1990 : 200, 3600, 180 15 1.5, 4, 1/10 1/20,, 3.5 ; 4 2 10 2,,, ( 15 ) 1990,,,, 1991 5 20 20, 20, 1979 1999,,, ( );, ( 8 10 ),,
,1977,, 10,,, 1977, 1 3, 4, ( ), 1 3 1978,, ;,,,60 1 ; 1980, 3 1981, 8 10 16 ; 1, 1, 3 1982,, (8 10 ), 30, 6 8 215 1984,, 3, 6 8 5, 6,,,,,, 1986 1988, 1986, (8 10 ) :1987,,,, 400,1988 5 1, 50%,, (8 10 ) 200, ( ) ;, 300,, 1993,, 400 600, ( ),,
1996, 10, 800 1000 1998,, 90,,,,, 216,1960, 12 5 ; 50, 12 5, 4 ;,, ; 1964 15, ( 50 10 ); 1978 1979, 20 30 ; 1984 40 ; 1985 1988,1989 80 ; 90, 1998 1999, 240 300 20,, 20 10, 60 16 ( ),, ;,
,,,, :,, :,,, 5, : 5 5,, :,, 217, 6, 20, 5,, ;,, 1989 1 27, 1988,,, : 1500 ; : 1500 ; : 1500 ; : 1000 ; : 1000 ; : 800 ; : 800 ; : 600 ; : 600 ; : 600 ; : 600 :, ( ), :1989 213,
218 500 (1989 1 2.84 ), 1992 6 26,, : :5000 7000 ; :5000 6000 ; :5000 6000 ; :5000 ; :5000 ; :4000 5000 ; :4000 5000 ; :3000 4000 ; :3000 4000 ; :3000 3500 ; :3000 3500 ; :3000 ; :2000 3000 :, 100 ( ), 6000, 60, 120 :1992 393, 1000 (1992 1 2.20 )
219,, 1966 6,,, (1977 1990) 1977 10,,,,, 2 7, 1 5 1966 1 ( : 1964, 1964 ) 20, 4, 7, 1400, 1958 10 19%, 1953 1/8,,1977 1, 1958 7 8, 1953 6
220, 1980 7, 1977 10, 3 10, 2 9 ( ), 1 5, 3%,5 1964, 13, 20, 3000 1984 12, ( ), 6 20, 4 14 ;( ), 1 2, 5%,2, 1, 20%, ( ), 50, 97%;, : 1, 20%,2 10%,2 20, 4, 15, 5310, 1958 10, 1958, 1980 1984, 1958,, : ;, 40 (15 ), 1958 1980 1984 10 1990 6,,,, 6 20 10 30 ;,,, 40 4
14 8 24, 35 8%, 1 10000, 20% 36%, 1957, 1953,,,1977 10,, 2 10, 10 40, 1990 1 221, 1956 1/4, :,,, 30, 10, 30, 30,,,,,, :,,, 20, 400, 100, 3800,,,,,, 30, 30,, 8360, 2800, 234,,,,
, :,,, 222 1990 9 7,, :, 1992 1,, :(1) ;(2) ;(3), 20,, : :, ( ), ;, :, 50, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,
,,, :,,,,, 20 20, 1, 12%, 2.4 1, 2.4 ( ) 1988, 13, 14, 223, 200, 40, 30 (1 1 ),,,, 3% 10%, 8%,,1988 25, 25, 3.20,, 8%, 64000, 250,,, :,,,,,,, 1992, 2, 10%;, 8, 4 10%
224, 8 5000 1993, 1997,, 6% 10%, 12% 15% 1, (8 10 256 320 ) 15 25, 2 3, :,,,, ;,,, 90,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (
, 1993 2 ) 90,,,, 1993, 6 ;9, 3 1994,,,,,,,,, 225 1996 7,, : (1990 ) 10 30, 30 50 : 1957 1996,40 15, 1957 : 0.1, 3 6, 10 ; 1982 : 0.2, 6 10 ; 1996 : 1.6, 10 30, 1997, 30 100,, 200,, 1998,, 6000,, 1999 4 5,,
, 1990 10 40, 30 100,,,,,,, 226 20 80, 90, :(1) ;(2) ;(3),, 1998 40 60,,, 100 1998 6% 8%, 1, 80,,,,,, 300 500, :,,, 3000,, ( ), 30 1998, 1,, :, ;,,
,, ( ),,,,, : :,,,,,,,,, 227 2/3,,,,,,,,,, 21, 2001 12 29, :, 1000, 1991 25, 45, 1% 1% 1995,, 58, 8 1% 6% 2000,, 80, 25, 50,
228 2000, 150,, 400 2000,, 2001, 310, 3, 5 10, 12%, 330,,,,, 1000,, 1993 ; 2001, 94 200 21, 5 1998,2001,, 32, 70 ( 15 ), 200,5, 2000, 5000, 10000 2000, 3000, 1000,, 80,, 1000,, 10, 100 2000, 10, 2001, 3 1
229, 60, 50, 40 60 40,, 1979,,,, 1971,, 1979, ;, 1982, 1960 20,
230, 62 78, 1966 21 ( ), 56 69 (1982 1 6.6 ) 1985, :(1) ;(2) ;(3), 160 280 ( ), 122 160, 97 131, 76 113 0.5, 22.48, 107.6 (1985 1 5.2 ) 1986 10,,,,, (1986)96 :, 1985, 3000 ;,, 17, 1986 12 1988, 1407 ( ),,, 789 1989,, 1990, [1989]82 1989,, 6500,803 ( ),, 3708, 644 1992, 2300, 542
1993,, : 253 390 720, 275 555, 205 435, 165 30%, : ( ) 356 708, 284 475, 233 344, 185 286, 290 474, 242 350, 195 261, 209 298 (1993 1 1.84 ) 1949 1993 : 1949 1993 231 ( ) ( / ) ( ) ( / ) 1949 06 516227( ) 454.02( ) 1974 5954055 57.82 1950 09 486658( ) 463.48( ) 1975 6026375 57.21 1952 12 242( ) 1976 6159026 56.29 1954 5263427( ) 256( ) 1977 6152435 54.94 1955( ) 2788417( ) 259( ) 1978 6686226 59.06 1956 2040556 73.80 1979 6723323 65.35 1957 2573831 71.21 1980 7754440 79.66 1958 2694835 65.09 1981 6220959 64.91 1959 3504065 55.44 1982 7698900 81.19 1960 4500949 53.71 1983 7338484 78.16 1961 12 364846 62.41 1984 9200921 97.45 1962( ) 2060493 61.26 1985 9678175 101.23 1963 4124265 62.85 1986 12273340 129.69 1964 4267784 63.45 1987 12820443 132.12 1965 4441807 62.72 1988 16730765 174.17
( ) ( ) ( / ) ( ) ( / ) 1966 4415272 60.68 1989 20588952 213.14 1970 4341313 52.63 1990 22144312 228.98 1971 5180080 54.96 1991 21779506 229.85 1972 5931087 55.54 1992 37359149 393.18 1973 5971386 57.31 1993 59130923 480.41 ( : ) 232, 1980 1 1, ( ) ( ) 5, 1988 1991 12,,,, 1. 8 10 12 14 16 18 7 8 9 10 12 14
1. ( ) 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. 12 9 5 0 11 8 4 0 10 7 3 0 9 6 3 0 233 ( :, 1,1992 1 5 1993 1, ),1991, 104 ( ), 100 (1991 1 2.47 ) 1992 10, 327, 100 166, 50 161 (1992 1 2.20 ) 1993, 268, 100 122, 50 226, 1992 50 161 80 100 (1993 1 1.84 ),, 1996 1996 :
234 710, 8521,, ( ) 12047, 1004 ; 2000 ( ) 9210, 767 80, 200 ; 250 300, ( ) ( ( ) :1996, 11967, 997 ; 10507, 875,,20 90 1000,, ( ), :1993 400, ( )300, 160 300, 1000 ;1996 160, 4000 : 2000, 20000 ; : 120 2 ; 180 2,, ; :, ( 80 ),, 2000 ; ( ),,, 10,,20,
( ) :,,,,,, 25 35 300 2000 5000, ; 5000 10000 ; 70%, 28%, 2%; 10000 ; 40%, 40%, 20%,, 235 20 90,, :, 1997 3, :, ( ), ;, ( ),,,, :, 1/3, 500 : 1995, 4000
236 :,35,,35 17%, 59%,3, 72%, 10% 35, 59% 62%,, 67%;, 18% :35, 35, 1996 6,, 1982 1991 53.3%,, 1982 1989 75%,1989 1991 40% 1996 9 3 :80, 20, 20 7 1998 3, : 123,600,5,,, : 10,,,,20 80,, 1500,,,,
2001 11,2002 19,,90%, 40%; 60,20,40 :,, 2000, 100, : 10%, 21%, 44%, 25% 237,,, 4 5,, : 1998 109,,, :,, :, 200, 300,,,,,
,,, 238 1998,,,,, 1998 8,,,,,,,,, ( ), 6000,, 500,, 10 ; 60 ;
,, 1000,, 100, 50, 25, 1998 2003, 74 494,98% ;93% ; 200, 37% 239,37 11, :,,,,, 10,, 60,, 5,30 2,,,,, :,,,,,, : (
240 ),, ;,,,,,, 64 :,, 37, (1998 1999 ) 500 1000,,10,, 2000,800, 13, :,, 12 1999 2003 ; 34 ; 2004, 2005 2009,, 100 ;, 50,,
,,,, 200,, 200 30, ; 2400 2 ; 241,,10%, 50 100 30 20 2 100 500 2 ;, ;, 1999 :, 1999 : 300 1,400 2,50 5, 15, 8 20 : 1700, 2 2000 200 1000, 3200, 38400 ( 1999 2 7 )
242 1999, 800, 1500 1000 ( 724 ), 1500 :A1 5,A2 4,A3 3 1999 9,,, 18, 12 9,, 1999 1, 27, 21 17 (1999 2015 ), 10 (2016 2025 ),,,, 1999 10,, 85%, A B C,9 (A), (B), (C) ; A1 A2 A3;B1 B2 B3;C1 C2 C3, 9, 1000 A 1500 B, 2500, 35%,,,,
9,, 300 500 800 1200 1700 2300 3000 4000 5000,, ABC, 3, 9 A A 1000, 7000 14%, A 3 A1 100, 1.4%; 84, 1/10, 5000, 10, 5 A2 300,, 4.3%,, 240, 4000 A3 600,, 8.6% 400, 3000 243 B, A A1 A2 A3, :A1 5,A2 4,A3, 85%, A,, B ( 1500 ) C, A, 30 50,,,, 400,, 15%,
244,,,, 1000 1500 6000,C, 900 1/3, 1/7,, 10,, 2 8 70%, 30%;,,,,,, (A1 A2,A3),,,, :(1),(2) ( ),(3), 2/3, B,,,,,, 1999 7,,, 1000, 724, 71
A,65 B,, 1999, 800, 60 45, A1 A2, A1 50 40%, A1 50 50%,,,,1999 2000, 100, 245 :,,,,,,, 1985,,, 2001,,,,,,,
246,,,, 20 90,,,, 9 1, 1000, 8,, :, 1949 1988, 40, ( ),,,,, 56 ( 560 ), 20,,
, 1989 1989, 200,1989 1376, 200 1/7;, 500, 40%, 800 1993, 610 1995 700 247 1994,,,,, 1996,, 2000, 96 :,, 700, 1997,, 5 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,
, 1997, 3000 1999, 3, 1999 3000 2000 4200, 21,, : 2000 9,, 20%, 4200, 5000 ; 4600, 5500 ; 5000, 6000 248 2003, : 16000 ; :1200 ; :600 ; :400 ; :100 ( ); : 40 ; ( ):115 ; :100 ; :95 : 19000 : 600 26000,,,, 2005, : 20000 /, 18000 /, 16000 /, 25000 26000 /,,
1999, 3500 4000 1999 : 3800, 4200, 5000, 10000 ( ), 6500, 10000 2000, 4200 5000, 4600 5500, 5000 6000, 20%,, 25000 6000 18000, 10000 4000, 3600, 3200 2000, 3800 4000 249,14 14 :2000 821, 9850, 14 29550,, : 2000, 6280 2253, 2005 666, 8000, 2000, 14 ; 80% 90% 1/5 1/3 2001, 4800 6000 ( )
250 4800, 5000 6000 4600 5500, 4200 5000, 3500 5000, 4500 5000, 4800, 5000 2003,, 4000 6000 2004,, 20% :,5000 ;,4900 5300,,6000 ;,4800 ;, 5000, 6000 ;,6000 :,10000 ;,5500 ;,4000 5500 ;,4200 5000 ;, 4560, 5160 ;, 4600, 5000 ;,3750 5200 ;,4800 ;,4600 ;, 3600 3940 1989 200 1995 700, 2004 5000,,,, 16 2004 2004 :,, 18 2003,
, 2003 18 MBA 64427, 6010, 7351, 5219, 3284, 554, 8.68, 32%, 14.5%, 2003, 18 72.75, 2002 45%, 82%,,,, 251,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1978 2001 731.5 4637.66, 6.3 ; (1978 1 2001 8 ),, 84.46% 66%, 15.54% 34%, 62.84% 84.5%
252 GDP :1952 11.03, GDP 1.62%,1960 3.18%,2002 2644.98 2.52%, 3.2% GDP4%, : 1952 6.41%, 1995 15.54%,2002 11.99%,,, (1997 ) 20.5%, (2000 ) 22.44%, (1999 ) 25.54%,, ( ) 2004, 5000 1000 1200,,, 9000, 2900, 4.2, 13.6,,,,,, 145, :,
, 2004, 5000 460, :, 1000,, 7,,,, 5, : : 253, : 2,, 2002, 2,,,, 15%,, 3000 8000,,, 1,,,,,
254, 2005 7,, 1/5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989, 60% 70%, ;90, 30%,, 70%,,,,
, 74.7%, 3/4; 25.3%, 1/4,,, 13 4, 2004, 5000,1000 1200, (, 300, ),,, 2936 4, 4.2, 13.6, 255 : 2000,, ;,, 5.6, 9.2, 3.4,,,,,,,, 4 :,, 8000,
256,,,,, :,,,,, 615,, 8000,,, :,, 2004,, 5,, :,,,,,, 2004 8 10, 9 12, 8 21, 3300, 500, 1508, 5308,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,
,,, : :,,, :,,,, 257,,,,,,, 2001 5 21,, : :,,, 40,,,,,, (, ) 2000
; 1998 24 31,,,,,,,,, 258 2003 8, (SSIC),, 1000,,15% ;27% ;58%, 38% 2000 ;46% 2001 4000 ;11% 4001 6000 ; 5% 6000, 3000, 25% 4001 6000 ; 1000, 0.2% 4001 6000,,, 71%,,62%,, ;45%
, ;30%,, 15%,,, 14%,, 43%,, ;29% ;31%, ;38%, 259 :60%, ; 27%, ;13%,,,,,,10 2000, :, 2003, :,
260,,,,,, :,,,, :(1) ( ), ;(,, )(2), ;(3),,, 1987, 1998,, 2000,,,,,, 1996, ;1999,560, 100.5 ;2000 142 7, 320, 100
, 25%, 23%, 30%, 35%, 1999 40%( 14%), 2000 2001 48.7%, 150 41%,,,,,,, 261,,,,, 7000 8000, ; : 1.5, 1.2 1.3, 25%, 3700, 4000 5000, 50%,, 6 8,,,,, ( ) ( 25%),
262,,,, GDP, 2.5% ; 5.1% 1993, 20 4%, 3.2%, 1000, 1/3, 300 1000 6000, 600,, 2500 3000 1997,,, 75%, 25%, 30,,,,,2001, 2366, 6860 ;2002, 2476, 7703 ;2003, 2575 8472,,,,,
, [ :,2005, 5374, ( )9.5%; 1586, ( )12.5%, 0.8 1.6 ] 263
264,, :,,,, (1957 ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,
:,,,,,,20,, :,,,, :, ;,, ; 265,,,,,, : ( ),,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,, :, ; :, ;,,
,, 266 (2001,2005 ),,,, 2005 3, 60, 10 1681, 44%(741 ), 40% (673 ),, 2005 40% ( ) 20 30, 44% 20 30, 100 200 ( 3000 6000 ), ( 36000 ); 50 80 ( 1500 2400 ) 21, 30 : 6 : :2500 6000, :4000 10000 ; :5500 15000, :8000 25000 83% ( ), 17%
: 2005, : 2000 3200, 4000 7500, 8000 20000,,, 2005, ( ) 2000 4000, ; 6 10,, 20 30, 1000, 1500 ( 30 50 ),, 2005 267 30, 1898 1949,, 1949 2000,, 12, 2002, 60, 100, 21,,,,,,,
268,, : ( ) ; ( ), ; ( ), ; ( ) ; : 10%, 30,,,, 2005 8 7
[ ] 269,,,,, 1948 12 1,, ( 1940 ),, ( ) :,,, ;
270 ( ) : 1948,5,,, ; ( ) :,1948 ; ( ) :1947 8,, ; ( ) :1948,,,, 1948 12, 1, 2 5 10,, 1949 1 18,, : 2000 2000 1000 200 100 100 3, 1 1949 1950,,, ; 1951 4, 1949,, 6 1 ; 3 1 510 1 31 2 2, 10 1, 20, 4 29, 5 8,
[ ], 1 2500, 5 25,6, 10 1 (1 = 800 ), 6 5,,, 1949 9 5000 1 1953 5 5, 4 271 1949 4, ; 1949 7, 6 341 7 733, ; 1949 11,,1 3 10 821 11 1993 12 2861 ; 1950 2, 1 3973 2 5799 3 6229 1951 1952,,, 5525 1949,,
272 1949,, 5, 1 1 1, ;50 5500 ( 5 5 ),,,,1955 5525 ( ); 1955, 1949 6 14,,,,, 1950, 1950,,,, ( )6 1 4 16,, 10 2, 5 (5%), 5 1 1956 11 30 :, ; :,1952 7 5520,1953 7 5488, 1954 7 5497 (, 1 1 ),1952 7 2592,1953 7 2615,
[ ] 1954 7 2636 ;, 2 1,,, : ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1949 0341 0733 0823 0793 0821 1993 2861 1950 3973 5799 6229 5690 5385 5238 5181 5200 5031 4967 5003 4982 1951 5027 5036 4994 5223 5291 5331 5403 5458 5455 5452 5452 5452 1952 5452 5499 5527 5521 5520 5520 5520 5499 5424 5392 5380 5371 1953 5412 5416 5416 5477 5487 5488 5488 5488 5488 5473 5467 5466 1954 5466 5466 5466 5482 5497 5497 5497 5497 5497 5497 5497 5506 273 1955 5525 5525 5525 1949 1952, 50,,, ( ) 1950, 5, 1951 9 22,,9 25 114.8 ( 1950 12 31 100),8 14.8%,
22% ; 1953,,,,, :,,, ;,, 274 1953 1955 11 1, ( ),,,,1954,9, 37 1993 5 (, 1984 ; 30 ) 30,,, 1949 1 1953,,,,
[ ] (1949 1 18 ) 1 =80 ( ) 1952 12 6, 1 =26170 ( ) 327,, 1953,, 1 =24618 ( )=2.4618 ( ) 1978,1 2.80 1979 1980 4, ;, 275 ( ) 1980 10, 10%, 10,, 1994 1997 1984 7 2.30 2.53 1985 1 2.80 3.08 1985 10 3.1983 3.52 1986 7 3.7036 4.07 1989 12 4.7221 5.70 1990 11 5.2221 11.00 1993 7 5.70 8.70 1994 1 8.70 1997 8.32
11 1988 5.70, 1 1994 1 1, 1994 11 21,, 1995 1995,1 1 5 ( 174 ),,1 2 3, 276 1955 3 1, ( ) ( ), 1 = 1 1 = 100 1955 8,,, 1957 12 1, 10 1 2 5, 1959 10,,1960 1961 ( ) 16.1%,, 1966 1976, 10,,,1979 11, 10%, 8
[ ],1985 1 1 20 50 100 90 1 1, 1 5 40 ( ) : 1937 1 6 25 100, 1955 245,1956 246,1937 1, 1955 277 2 4 5, 1956 2 4 6 1936 1937 22%, 1930 1935, 1930 1935 1, 1937 1 2 2, 1955 1956 3,, (1935 ) (1955 3 ), 1935 1936 ( ) 1955 1956 ( ), 30 1, 50 3,1934 3000, 1955 9000 3,30 1, 50,, 30 (, ) 50 (,
278 ) 1 = 3 1 =90 10,,,90 50 10 30 1, 30,, :, 1,50 5 1, 10 20 ; 30 40,50 3 4, 10, 3, 1 ( ) 2 ( ), 15 30,1997 6.22, 1952 1.35,,, 1 1 4 1 8,50 1 2 1 6, 10, 1 6 8,50 6 8, 10 ;, 32 10 16,50 ( ) 1, 16,50, 10 ;, 10, 50,,, ( ),1980 2 100 200, 2000
[ ] 50 1 = 10 20,,, 279
50 280, ( ),20 50 1, 90 10,1 ( ) : 1951 ( ) 1951 1952 ( ) 5 1955 3, 1 = 1,1952 1 =1955 13000 =1956 1 3 ( ) 1951 1200 ;1 8 ;
[ ] 50 4400,1 2 ; ( ) 4600,1 2 ; 1100,1 9 ; 330,1 30 ; 3000,1 3 1951, 1 1956 1.3, 13 1951 1700, ( ) 1270, 1050, 8000, 5200, 5000, 6500, 4100, 346, 3000, 3000 1951, 1 1956 1.2 1.3, 281 12 13 1951 1100,, 4100, 2000, 5000, 3000, 300, ( ) 4000, 33000, 3000 1951, ( ), 1 ( 1 ) 13 1956 1955 3 1, ( ) ( ), 1 = 1 1 = 100 ( ) 50,2 3 ;,2 ;, ( ),1 2 3 1,, ; 1 2 ; 3 5
282, 50,1952 1957, 10 20, 1956 1957 1 2 1 5,1 7 8 ; 6,1 1 ; 5,1 2 ; 1 5,1 6 7 ; 5 6,1 15 20 ; 2 6,1 4 1955 1957, 1 10 1956 1957 1 8, 1 1, (2 ) 2, ( ) 8 5, 1 4, 8 4, 7 7, 6 9, 7 1, 6 5, 4, 4, 7, 3 3 (1 3 ), 8, ( ) 6 6, 2 8, 3 3 1956, 1 10 1956 1957 1 6, 1 2, 5 9, 3, 7, 6 3, 3, ( ) 4, 3 3, 1957, ( ), 1 11 1957 1960,1957,
[ ] 50 :, ( )1957 0.525,1958 0.7, 1959 0.757,1960 0.797,1960 1957 51.8%; ( )1957 1.1,1958 1.5,1959 1.6,1960 2.0,1960 1957 81.8%; 25.9%;,,1957 2.7,1960 3.4, ( )1957 2.5,1960 3, 20%;,1957 1.07,1960 1.22, 14%,,1960 1957 283,, 50%, 50% 80%,,, :, 2 3, 1960 1962 1958, ( ) 1959 10,, 1960 1962,,, 1960 1962, 1960 1961 16%(,1961
284 1960 20% ), 60 18 ( ): ( ) ), (,1957 1.1,1960 1.2, 9%),, 1961 1962 1 8, 1 2, ( ) 2, 8 5, 8 7 1, 8 2 9 8 ; 6 9, 7 1, 3, 6, 7, 7 9, 1 3, ( ) 6 6, 2 8, 3 3 1961, 1 8 1961 1962 1 6, 1 2, 7 4, 5, 8 5, 1, 3, ( ) 4, 3 3, 1961, 1 8 9 1964 1966, 1966 1976,,,, 1976 10,,,, 1976 1977 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2,
[ ] 50 8 5, 8 7 1, 8 2 9 8 ; 6 9, 7 1, 3 8, 3 5, 6 7, 7 9, 1 3, ( ) 6 6, 2 8, 3 3 1976, 1 8 1976 1977 1 6, 1 2, 7 4, 5, 8 5, 1, 3, ( ) 4, 3 3, 1976, 1 8 285 80 1979 11 1980,, 8 ( ), : 33%, 32%, 33% 1980 8.1%, 16.6%,,,, 5, 1980 ( ) 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2, 8 5, 8 7 1, 8 2 9 8 ; 6 9, 7 1, 3, 6, 7, 7 9, 1 3, ( ) 6 6, 2 8, 3 3 1980, 1 7 1980 ( ) 1 6, 1 2, 7 4, 5, 8 5, 1, 3, ( )
286 4, 3 3, 1980, 1 7 1982 1983 ( ) 1 5, 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2, 1 5, 8 5, 8 8, 1 1 8, 1, 1 6, 4, ( ) 6, 3, 4 4 1982 1983, 1 6 5 1982 1983 ( ) 1 2, 2 6, 1 2, 7 9, 5 6, 1 0 6, 6 8 5, 3, ( ) 6, 3 3, 4 3 1982 1983, ( ), 1 6 7 1982 1983 1982 1983,,, 1982 1983 1 3, 2,1 5 7 ; 1 1-1 2,1 0.8 0.9 ; 8 9,1 1.1 1.2 ; 6,1 15 ; 3,1 3 1982 1983, 1 6 5 1985 1989,,, 100, (
[ ] 50 ) 1985 1986 10% (1/10), 1988 1989 20%(1/5), 1985 ( ) 1 4, 1 6, 1 7 6, 1 3, ( ) 6, 4, 1 3, 1 4, 2 6, 2 8 ; 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2, 1 5, 8 5, 8 8, 3, 4 4 1985, 1 5 1985 ( ) 1 3, 1 1, 6 8 5, 287 1, ( ) 6 ; 1 6, 2 9, 1 2, 9 9, 3 3, 4 3 1985, ( ), 1 5 2 1987 ( ) 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2, 1 5, 8 5, 8 8, 1 5, 1 8 5, 2 1 5, 1 4 4, 5, 1 7, 2 2, 5, 5, ( ) 8 4, 3 4, 4 4 1987, 1 4 1987 ( ) 1 2, 2 6, 1 2, 7 9, 1 8, 1 6, 1 8, 8, ( ) 8, 3 7 4, 4 3, (56 )4 2,
288 (25 W )4 5, ( 20 )6, ( )2 9 6 1987, ( ), 1 4 1988 1989 ( ) 1 8, 1 3, ( ) 2, 2, 1 2, 1 1, 2 1, 2 5, 3 2, 1 8, 6, 2, 2 2, 5 2, 5 2, ( ) 8 4, 3 4, 4 4 1988 1989, 1 3 1988 1989 ( ) 1 6, 2 6, 1 2, 9, 2 2, 1 0 6, 6 8 5, 3, ( ) 6, 3 3, 4 3, (56 )0.56, (25 W ) 0.50, ( 20 )0.60, ( )3.44 1988 1989, ( ), 1 5 90 20, : 5%,, ; 7% 8% ; 10%,,,,, 1990
[ ] 50 1991 1992, 10%,1994 25% ; 1986 1997 1997, 21, 1991 2 8, 1 8, ( ) 3 4, 2 1, 2 1 9, 2 8 8, 3 1, 3 3 4, 1 8 9, 8, 3 4 3 2, 7 5, 5 9, ( ) 1 2, 9 3, 1 1 5 1991,, 1 2 1991 289 2, 3 2, 2 7, 2 0 8, 5 6, 2 5, 2 8, 2, ( ) 1, 8 3, 1 1, (56 )7, (25W )5 5, ( 20 )6, ( )3.92 1991,, 1 2 7 1992 1993 4 5 6, ( ) 5 8, 2 8 3 2, 2 5 3, 1 6 2, 3 4, 3 4 4 1, 3 8 4 4, 1 9 2 5, 9 1 1, 2 9 4 6, 3 7 4 4, 8 1, 7 2 8 8, ( ) 1 3 1 6, 9 3, 1 2 1992 1993,, 1
290 2 (1992 2 2,1993 1 8 ) 1993 4, 3 2, 5, 2 0 8, 5 6, 3 5, 2 8, 3 8, ( ) 2, 8 3, 1 1, (56 )7, (25 W )1 1, ( 20 )6, ( )3 9 2 1993,, 1 2 1995 8 5 1, ( ) 1 4, 4 9, 4 2, 3, 6 2, 7 2, 7 8, 3, 5 5, 9, 8, 1 4, 1 4, ( ) 2 2, 1 4 1995, 1 1 2 1995 9 5, 1 6 5, 9 5, 3 8, 3 2, 7 3, 2 8, 5, ( ) 3 2, 12, (56 )8, (25W )1 3, ( 20 )1 2, ( )5 2 1995,, 1 1 3 1997 1 1, ( ) 1 5 5, 8 5, 4 5, 3 2, 6 8, 7 5, 8 5, 2 8 3, 8, 1, 8, 1 5,, ( ) 2 8 8, 9 5,
[ ] 50 1 5 1997 2002, 1997 1 3, 1 8, 1 1 1 2, 3 8, 3 3, 8, 2 8, 5 8, ( ) 3 5, 16 18, (56 )1 5, (25 W )1 5, ( 20 )1 3, ( )6 1997,, 20 291 20 50 90, :, ;,,,,, ( ) 50 1 1960 1 1 ; 1963 1966 ( )1 2 ; 1977 1979 ( )1 3 ; 1982 1983 ( )1 5 ; 1985 2 ; 1988 1989 3 ; 1991 4 ; 1993 5 ; 1994 7 ; 1995 8 ;
292 1996 9 ; 1997 1998 10 30 1 50 3 ; 1963 1966 3 6 ( ); 1977 1979 4 ( ); 1982 1983 4 5 ( ); 1985 6 ( ); 1988 1989 9 ; 1991 12 ; 1993 15 ; 1994 21 ; 1995 24 ; 1996 27 ; 1997 2003 30