土壤 (Soils), 2014, 46(2): 250 255 1 UV-B 增强下施钾对大麦抽穗期生理特性日变化的影响 1 1 1, 2 1 1 (1 210044 2 475004) UV-B CO 2 UV-B 2 (CK 1.5 KJ/(m 2 h)) 120%(1.8 KJ/(m 2 h)) 2 (K1 K 2 O 73 kg/hm 2 ) (K2 K 2 O 150 kg/hm 2 ) UV-B CO 2 UV-B UV-B S162 (CFCs) 1% 2% [1 2] UV-B [3] UV-B [4 7] Hill [8] [9] [10] UV-B UV-B [11 13] UV-B [14 17] UV-B [18] UV-B UV-B UV-B 1 1.1 2011 11 2012 5 (32 03 N 118 51 E) 19.4 g/kg 1.5 g/kg 16.2 mg/kg 112.6 mg/kg 261 g/kg ph 6.2 (1.. 1 ) UV-B ( 280 ~ 320 nm) UV-B 280 nm (UV-C) UV-B UV-B UV-B 2 CK( 1.5 KJ/(m 2 h)) UV-B(1.8 KJ/(m 2 h) 4 5 UV-B 120% 2 (K 2 O 73 kg/hm 2 ) (K 2 O 150 kg/hm 2 ) 3 3 m 3 m = 9 m 2 (41375159) (BK20131430) (20103228110003) 333 (1968 ) E-mail: yunshlou@aliyun.com
2 UV-B 251 ( 2 ) 2011 11 10 100 g UV-B 0.8 m 8:00 16:00 8 h 1.2 8:00 16:00 PPS CIRAS-1 CO 2 2 h 3 3 3 1.3 SPSS P < 0.05 * P < 0.01 ** 2 2.1 UV-B 1 UV-B 3.8% ~ 11.9% UV-B Fig. 1 图 1 不同处理大麦叶片中叶绿素含量的影响 Diurnal changes of chlorophyll contents in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply UV-B [19] UV-B UV-B ph [20] UV-B a b (a+b) [21] UV-B, [26] UV-B 2.2 UV-B 2 UV-B (P < 0.05) (P < 0.01) UV-B UV-B UV-B UV-B 10:00 14:00 12:00 10:00 14:00 [22]
252 46 Fig. 2 图 2 不同处理大麦抽穗期叶片净光合速率日变化 Diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rates in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply 2.3 UV-B CO 2 UV-B [23 24] 3 8:00 UV-B 38.5% 29.9% (P < 0.05) (P 0.01) UV-B Fig. 3 图 3 不同处理大麦叶片气孔导度的日变化 Diurnal changes of stomatal conductivities in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply 2.4 UV-B CO 2 4 UV-B CO 2 (P < 0.05) 12:00 (P < 0.01) 8:00 10:00 (P < 0.05) CO 2 8:00 10:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 UV-B UV-B CO 2 UV-B CO 2 2.5 UV-B 5 14:00 UV-B UV-B
2 UV-B 253 Fig. 4 图 4 不同处理大麦抽穗期叶片胞间 CO 2 浓度的日变化 Diurnal changes of intercellular CO 2 concentrations in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply Fig. 5 图 5 不同处理大麦叶片蒸腾速率的日变化 Diurnal changes of transpiration rates in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply UV-B UV-B [25] UV-B 28.7% 23.2% UV-B UV-B 2.6 UV-B CO 2 [26] W = Pn/Tr W Pn Tr 6 UV-B 3 UV-B CO 2 CO 2 UV-B UV-B [27] UV-B 3.8% ~ 11.9% UV-B
254 46 Fig. 6 图 6 不同处理大麦叶片水分利用率的日变化 Diurnal changes of water use efficiencies in leaves of barley as affected by enhanced UV-B radiation and K supply UV-B CO 2 UV-B UV-B UV-B CO 2 [28] UV-B UV-B [1]. (GB/T21010-2007) [S]. :, 2007 [2] McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF. Changes in biologically-active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth s surface[j]. Photochem Photobiol Sci, 2007, 6: 218 231 [3],,. [J]., 1993,13(1): 114 119 [4] Breznik B, Germ M, Gaberscik A. Combined effects of elevated UV-B radiation and the addition of selenium on common and tartary buckwheat[j]. Photosynthetica, 2005, 43(4): 583 589 [5],,,,,,,. UV-B [J]., 2011, 27(4): 51 55 [6] Yao Y, Xuan Z, Li Y. Effects of ultraviolet-b radiation on crop growth, development, yield and leaf pigment concentration of tartary buckwheat under field conditions [J]. Eur. J. Agr., 2006, 25: 215 222 [7],,. (UV-BC) 47 [J]., 2002, 23(3): 23 28 [8],,. Ce(III) UV-B [J]., 2007, 28(6): 1 388 1 391 [9],. UV-B [J]., 2006, 25(4): 369 373 [10],,. UV-B 20 [J]., 2004, 23(1): 29 33 [11],,. UV-B [J]., 2001, 10 (3): 19 24 [12] Berkeleari EJ, Ormord DP, Hale BA. Influence of PAR on the effects of UV-B radiation on Arabitopsis thaliana[j]. Photo-biol., 1996, 64(1): 110 116 [13] Mark U, Tevini M. Combination effects of UV-B radiation and temperature on sunflower and maize seedlings[j]. J. Plant Physiology, 1996, 148(1/2): 49 56 [14],,. UV-B NaCl [J]., 2004, 30(1): 53 58 [15],,. UV-B [J]. 2004, 23(2): 231 234 [16] Miller HE, Booker FL, Fiscus EL. UV-B radiation and ozone effects on growth, yield and photonthesis of soybean[j]. J. Environ.Qual., 1994, 23(1): 83 91 [17],,. UV-B DNA [J]., 2002, 22(3): 375 378 [18]. [J]., 2007(8): 33 35 [19],,. [J]., 1995, 15(4): 288 293
2 UV-B 255 [20],,. B [J]., 2000, 24(1): 102 105 [21],. [J]., 1998, 18(5): 504 509 [22] de Pinheiro Henriques AR, Marcelis LFM. Regulation of growth at steady-state nitrogen nutrition in lettuce: interactive effects of nitrogen and irradiance[j]. Ann. Bot., 2000, 86(6): 1 073 1 080 [23] Sullivan JH, Teramura AH, Dillenburg LR. Growth and photosynthetic response of field-grown sweetgum seedlings to UV-B radiation[j]. Am. J. Bot., 1994, 81(7): 826 832 [24] Teramura AH, Zidka LH, Sztein AE. Changes in growth and photosynthetic capacity of rice with increased UV-B radiation[j]. Physiol. Plant, 1991, 83(3): 373 380 [25],,. [J]., 1995, 14(4): 154 157 [26],,, CO 2 [J]., 2005, 21(3): 290 293 [27],,. [J]., 1995, 15(4): 288 293 [28],,,. UV-B [J]., 2012, 33(2): 202 206 Effect of Potassium Supply on Diurnal Variations of Photosynthesis and Transpiration at Barley Heading Stage Under Enhanced UV-B Radiation LOU Yun-sheng 1, ZENG Zhi-ping 1, HAN Yan 1,2, WU Lei 1, MENG Yan 1 (1 College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2 College of Environment and Plan, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China) Abstract: Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of K supply on diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity, intercellular CO 2 concentration and water use efficiency in barley leaves at heading stage under enhanced UV-B radiation at the Station of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. The experiment was designed with two UV-B radiation levels, i.e. ambient (CK, 1.5 kj/(m 2 h)) and enhanced by 120% (1.8 kj/(m 2 h)); and two K supply levels, i.e. 73 kg K 2 O/hm 2 (low) and 150 kg K 2 O/ hm 2 (high). The results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation declined chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity in barley leaves, but had no obvious effect on intercellular CO 2 concentration and water use efficiency. Increasing K supply could alleviate the damage of enhanced UV-B radiation to net photosynthetic rate from enhanced UV-B radiation, but not to transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity Key words: Barley, UV-B radiation, Potassium fertilization, Diurnal variations