R D B M S O R D B M S R D B M S / O R D B M S R D B M S O R D B M S 4 O R D B M S R D B M 3. ORACLE Server O R A C L E U N I X Windows NT w w

1 1.1 D B M S To w e r C D 1. 1 968 I B M I M S 2 0 70 Cullinet Software I D M S I M S C O D A S Y L 1971 I D M S containing hierarchy I M S I D M S I M S I B M I M S I D M S

2 2. 18 R D B M S O R D B M S R D B M S / O R D B M S R D B M S O R D B M S 4 O R D B M S R D B M 3. ORACLE Server O R A C L E U N I X Windows NT w w w. o r a c l e. c o m DB2 Universal Database DB2 UDB U N I X Windows NT O S / 2 O S / 390 w w w. i b m. c o m / d b 2 Informix Dynamic Server 2000 I N F O R M I X U N I X Windows NT w w w. i n f o r m i x. c o m DB2 for OS/390 D B 2 I B M D B 2 O S / 390 w w w. i b m. c o m / d b 2 4. 1-1 a s t u d e n t s s i d l n a m e f n a m e c l a s s 1 4 t e l e p h o n e G PA s t u d e n t s J o n e s 1 555-1234 1-1 a c o u r s e s c n o c n a m e c r o o m t i m e t i m M W 2 e n r o l l m e n t s i d c n o

1 3 m a j o r 1 3 1-1 a 1-1a 2 C J AVA n a m e n a m e. l n a m e n a m e. f n a m e n a m e A l l a n. J o n e s e n r o l l m e n t s t u d e n t s c n o m a j o r e n r o l l m e n t 1-1 b 5. 1-1 b 1-1 a 1-1 b s t u d e n t s n a m e : n a m e. l n a m e n a m e. f n a m e n a m e n a m e O R A C L E n a m e I N F O R M I X DB2 UDB( ANSI SQL-99 ) ( U D T

4 1-1b - 1-1 b s t u d e n t s e n r o l l m e n t 1(Allan Jones) J o n e s : 101 ( J o n e s m a j o r N o) 108 ( J o n e s m a j o r Y e s) e n r o l l m e n t S Q L - 99 s t u d e n t s e n r o l l m e n t 1-1 a e n r o l l m e n t 1-1 b e n r o l l m e n t 1.2 D B M S To w e r ( ) :

1 5 S Q L D B M S D B M S D B M S S Q L S Q L (ad hoc query) ad hoc S Q L S Q L S Q L S Q L S Q L D B M S D B AD B A D B A D B A 0 D B A D B A S Q L D B A D B A D B A D B M S D B A S Q L D B M S D B A D B M S 1.3

6 P C 1. 2 2 s t u d e n t s h o b b y c h e s s h i k i n g skeet shooting D B M S S Q L S Q L S Q L S Q L 2. 3 S Q L 3 S Q L S Q L Core SQL-99 S Q L S Q L 4 3 1-2 1-1 a S Q L 1-1 a s t u d e n t s c l a s s 2 1-1 - 3 1-1 a s t u d e n t s e n r o l l m e n t s t u d e n t s e n r o l l m e n t e n r o l l m e n c n o 101 s i d s i d s t u d e n t s 1-3 SQL 1-2 1-3 F r e n c h 1 ( 101 ) (c l a s s = 2) e n r o l l m e n t : ;

1 7 sid lname 1-2 SQL 101 sid lname 1-3 SQL S Q L ( 1-4 ) S Q L S Q L U p d a t e I n s e r t D e l e t e S Q L ( S Q L ) SQL Update I n s e r t D e l e t e students (6, Green, John, 1,555-1133) students courses 2-113 2-121 3. 4 1-4 SQL 4 1-1 b 3 S Q L S Q L O R S Q L O R A C L E I N F O M I X DB2 UDB S Q L

8 1999 S Q L S Q L - 99 O R S Q L h t t p :// w w w. c s. u m b. e d u / ~ p o n e i l / d b p p p. h t m l 1-1 b 3 S Q L 1-2 S Q L n a m e l n a m e n a m e. l n a m e O R S Q L 1-3 S Q L e n r o l l m e n t e n r o l l m e n t s t u d e n t s 1-5 101 sid lname 1-5 ORSQL 1-5 S e l e c t e n r o l l m e n t c n o where 101 in 101 c n o T R U E S e l e c t s i d n a m e. l n a m e O R S Q L 1-6 students John Green 101 101 1 enrollnmetnt 105 107 1-6 ORSQL 4 U D F S Q L U D F S Q L 4. 5 4 ( ) S Q L

1 9 5 C J a v a D B M S S Q L S Q L S Q L 1-7 1-7 1-7 Isaac Asimov ( r o b o t i c s ) S Q L A s i m % A s i m o v A s i m o ff S u b j e c t r o b o t i c r o b o t r o b o t s S Q L S Q L C J a v a S Q L 1-8 C exec sql S Q L C 1-8 ( ) S Q L S Q C S Q L S Q L D B M S

10 D B M S - - - 1. 3. 1 5. 6 D B A D B A D B D B A D B A D B A E - R ( d a t a b a s e n o r m a l i z a t i o n ) 6 S t u d e n t s 1-1 a S t u d e n t s s t u d e n t s s i d l n a m e f n a m e c l a s s t e l e p h o n e C o u r s e s 1-1 a c o u r s e s c n o c n a m e c r o o m t i m e 1-1 a e n r o l l m e n t 1-9 e n r o l l s _ i n 1-9 E - R D B A (foreign key) 6 E - R

1 11 1-9 E-R 6. 7 : D B A D B A S Q L S Q L 7 (1) D B A c o u r s e s c o n e n r o l l m e n t s i d s t u d e n t s s a v i n g s _ a c c o u n t b a l a n c e $ 25. 00 S Q L S Q L c o u r s e s c n o S Q L c o u r s e s c n o D B A D B M S 1-10 O R A C L E S Q L students class 1 4 ORACLE SQL 1-10 ORACLE (2)

12 (data redundancy) D B A ( ) D B A D B M S S Q L D B A S Q L G r a n t G r a n t 1-11 S Q L poneil students select update insert delete (3) 1-11 SQL Grant D B M S S Q L S e l e c t 1-12 S Q L S Q L S e l e c t DBA D B A

1 13 studentcourses (sid) (coo) 1-12 SQL S Q L S Q L s e l e c t ( U p d a t e I n s e r t D e l e t e ) 7. 8 D B A 8 R D B M S O R A C L E DB2 UDB I N F O R M I X 1 - a s t u d e n t s l n a m e l n a m e l n a m e S m i t h l n a m e S m i t 1-1 a s t u d e n t s ( c l u s t e r i n g ) ( ) B D B A 8. 9 8 S Q L

14 S Q L S Q L S Q L D B M S S Q L IBM OS/390 D B 2 D B 2 D B M S ( I B M D B 2 ) Sun Solaris O R A C L E Q P M $ C O S T $ C O S T Q P M 9. 1 0 : : S Q L S Q ( ) 10 (online transaction processing O LT P )) D B M S

1 15 10 ( ) (t w o - p h a s e l o c k i n g ) (database recovery) ( Transaction Processing Performance Council) O LT P T P C - A 10 10. 11 : 11 : ( M T T F ) 1.4