untitled

Transcription

1 , 類 異 類 innate immune system adaptive immune system 兩 李 1994 類 類 淋 head kidney 淋 類 physical barrier cellular factors humoral factors 類 了 鱗 類 proteinase lysins 殺 力 異 monocyte macrophage 說 行 殺 ROS reactive oxygen species respiratory burst 率 NADPH oxidase NADPH 殺 力 離 O - 2 離 superoxide dismutase, SOD H 2 O 2 myeloper oxidase HOCl - OCl - 來殺 來 NO 類 殺 異 lysozyme complement interferon C- C-reactive protein 不 類 蘭 類 蘭 類 路 alternative complement pathway 路 classical 155

2 complement pathway 路 C1 complement 1 連串 連 enzyme cascade reaction 路 C3 complement 3 行連 類 α β γ α β γ 刺 C- superoxide dismutase, SOD - O 2 來 行 類 行 reactive oxygen intermediates ROIs 殺 力 - SOD O 2 Holmblad and Soderhall, 1999 類 SOD Cu/Zn-SOD Mn-SOD Fe-SOD 來 來 來 力 刺 來 類 類 類 10-1 β-glucan β-glucan chitin β-glucan 50% β-glucan 類 不 不 來 β-glucan 異 Sakai, 1999 β-glucan 理 Edwardsiella ictaluri Rørstad et al.,1993 金 力 Couso et al., 2003 β-glucan 理 類 殺 力 離 10-2 Cook et al., 2001 離 殺 力 量 156

3 離 SOD 2O H + H 2 O 2 + O 2 β-glucan 理 157

4 158

5 microalgae macroalgae chlorophyta, green algae rhodophyta, red algae phaeophyta, brown algae cyanophyta, blue-green algae storage polysaccharide structural polysuccharide intercellular mucilage mucilage matrix component 2001 Jiménez-Escring and Sánchez-Muniz, 2000 algin 18 40% sodium alginate Macrocystis pyrifera Laminaria sp. mannuronic acid α-1,4-linked L-guluronic acid G β-1,4-linked D-mannuronic acid M G/M Sargassum fulvellum S. kjiellmanianum Laminaria angusta L. angustata var. longissima Sacroma-180 S. thunbergii fucoidan Fujiki et al Edwardsiella tarda Cyprinus carpio 6 Myelophycus simplex Undraia pinnatufida L. angustata L. japonica S. autumnale S. confusum 8 Porphyra dentate P. yezoensis Hyalosiphnia caespitosa Gloiopeltis complanata G. furcata Carpopeltis affnis Chondrus ocellatus Hypnea charoides Undaria pinnatifida U. pinnatifida alginate Sigma, low viscosity C. carpio E. tarda C. carpio E. tada

6 C C Cyprinus carpio C Plecoglossus altivelis Anguilla japonica Oreochromis niloticus C C C ph 4 C C L-ascorbic acid AA erythorbic acid monodehydroascorbate dehydroascorbate L-ascorbic acid C C C glucuronic acid pathway α-d-glucose α-d-glucose-6-phosphate α-d-glucose-1-phosphate uridine triphosphate UTP UDP-glucan UDP-glucan UDP-D-glucuronate L-gulonolactone oxidase C L-ascorbic acid 2000 C collagen Wahli et al., 2003 Kitabchi, 1967 Sandnes et al., 1990 E C C Epinephelus malabaricus C Lin and Shiau 2005 Epinephelus malabaricus C L-ascorbic acid 160

7 8 C C C 10-4 Ortuño et al., 2001 Sobhana et al., 2002 Sobhana et al., 2002 Lin and Shiau, 2005 E α-tocopherol E tocopherol phytyl side chain tocotrienol triphy tocopherol chroman ring α β γ δ E d-α-tocopherol E UV E E E 161

8 E E E E E antibody-producing cell E E Gallo-Torres, 1980 E 10-5 Montero et al HUFA a-tocopherol gilthead seabream Sparus aurata alternative pathway Ortuño et al E 1200 mg/kg diet E/C gilthead seabream Salmo gairdneri E T-cell B-cell E sea bass; Dicentrarchus labrax CL chemiluminescence Vibrio anguillarum E 162

9 Lakshmi et al., 2003 Bin-Hafeez et al., CMHs Dügenci et al., 2003 ; Jian and Wu., 2004 : = 5 : 1 Jian and Wu., 2003 ; Jian and Wu., Dügenci et al., 2003 Vibrio harveyi V. parahaemolyticus Direkbusarakom et al., 2003 C-UPIII Aeromonas hydrophila Chansue et al., 2000 Clinacanthus nutans yellow-head rhabdovirus YRV 163

10 164

11 1. 李 (1994) 44: (1999) E 76 pp 3. (2004) C 65 pp 4. (2003) β-1,3-1,6-glucan 4: (2005) C 104 pp 6. (2001) 104 pp 7. (2000) Bagni, M., N. Romano, M. G. Finoia, L. Abelli, G. Scapigliati, P. G. Tiscar, M. Sarti and G. Marino (2005) Short-and long-term effects of a dietary yeast β-glucan (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergosan) preparation on immune response in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 18: Bin-Hafeez, B., R. Haque, S. Parvez, S. Pandey, I. Sayeed and S. Raisuddin, (2003) Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice. International Immunopharmacology, 3: Chandra, K. M., K. D. Basanta, C. M. Subhash and P. Phalguni (2005) Effect of multiple injections of β-glucan on non-specific immune response and disease resistance in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 20: Chansue, N., A. Ponpornpisit, M. Endo, M. Sakai and S. Yoshida (2000) Improved immunity oh tilapia Oreochromis niloticus by C-UPIII, a herb medicine. Fish Pathol., 35(2): Cook, M. T., P. J. Hayball, W. Hutchinson, B. Nowak and J. D. Hayball (2001) The efficacy of a commercial β-glucan preparation, EcoActive, on stimulating respiratory burst activity of head-kidney macrophages from pink snapper (Pagrus auratus), Sparidae. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 11: Couso, N., R. Castro, B. Magariños, A. Obach and J. Lamas (2003) Effect of oral administration of glucan on the resistance of gilthead seabream to pasteurllosis. Aquaculture, 219: Cuesta, A., M. A. Esteban, J. Ortuno and J. Meseguer (2001) Vitamin E increases natural cytotoxic activity in seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 11: Dügenci, S. K., N. Arda and A. Candan (2003) Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88: Jian, J. and Z. Wu (2003) Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on specific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson). Aquaculture, 218: Jian, J. and Z. Wu (2004) Influences of traditional Chinese medicine on non-specific immunity of Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 16: Jiménez-Escring, A. and F. J. Sánchez-Muniz (2000) Dietary fiber from edible seaweeds: chemical structure, physicochemical properties and effects on cholesterol metabolism. Nutrition Res., 20: Lakshmi, V., K. Pandey, A. Puri, R. P. Saxena and K. C. Saxena (2003) Immunostimulant principles from Curculigo orchioides. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89: Lin, M. F. and S. Y. Shiau (2005) Dietary L-ascorbic acid affects growth, non-specific immune response and disease resistance in juvenile grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Aquaculture, 244: Liu, O. R., J. A. Plummb, M. Guerin and R. T. Lovell (1989) Effect of megalevels of dietary vitamin C on the immune responses of channel catfish Ictaurus punctatus in ponds. Dis. Aquat. Org., 7:

12 22. Ortuño, J., M. A. Esteban and J. Meseguer (2000) High dietary intake of-tocopherol acetate enhances the non-specific immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 10: Ortuño, J., A. Cuesta, M. A. Esteban and J. Meseguer (2001) Effect of oral administration of high vitamin C and E dosages on the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) innate immune system. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol, 79: Ortuño, J., A. Cuesta, A. Rodriguez, M. A. Esteban and J. Meseguer (2002) Oral administration of yeast, Saccharomyces cervisiae, enhances the cellular innate immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol, 85: Paulsen, S. M., R. E. Engstad and B. Robertsen (2001) Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 11: Puangkaew, J., V. Kiron, T. Somamoto, N. Okamoto, S. Satoh, T. Takeuchi and T. Watanabe (2004) Nonspecific immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) in relation to different status of Vitamin E and highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 16: Sahoo, P. K. and S. C. Mukherjee (2001) Effect of dietary β-1,3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin B1-induced immunocompromised rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 11: Sahoo, P. K. and S. C. Mukherjee (2002) The effect of dietary immunomodulation upon Edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 12: Sakai, M. (1999) Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture, 172: Selvaraj, V., K. Sampath and V. Sekar (2005) Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some non-specific and specific immune parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 19: Sobhana, K. S., C. V. Mohan and K. M. Shankar (2002) Effect of dietary vitamin C on the disease susceptibility and inflammatory response of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) to experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 207: