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1 ( ) 1 M.Bronfenbrenner Samuelson Marxand TheirLatestCritics"Journalof EconomicLit- 1 eraturevol.11no.11973pp W.J.Baumol TheTransformationofVal- ues:whatmarx Realy Meant (AnInter- pretation)" Journalof Economic Litera- ;2 turevol.12no.11974pp D.Laibman ValuesandPricesofProduc- ;3 tion:thepoliticaleconomyofthetransfor- mationproblem "Scienceand Societyvol. 4 37no.41973pp P.Matick Samuelson s Transformation ofmarxismintobourgeoiseconomics"sci- enceand Societyvol.36no.31972pp

2 : : : Ⅰ K ( ); Ⅱ Y : 1 : PaulA.Samuelson WageandInterest:A Modern Dissection of Marxian Economic Models"The American Economic Review vol.47no.6 (Dec.1957)pp PaulA.Samuelson The Transformation from Marxian Value to Competitive Prices :A Process of Rejection and Re- placement" Proceedingsofthe National Academyof Sciencesofthe United States of Americanvol.67no.1 (Sep.1970) pp Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the tween Marxian Values and Competitive : Prices" Journalof Economic Literature 1 vol.9no.2 (Jun.1971)pp

3 a 1K+a 2Y=L b 1K+b 2Y=K (1 1 1) ( a 1 b 1 ;a 2 b 2 ) L (1 1 1) : 1-b 1 / 2 Y= L a 2 ( 1-b 1 )+a 1b 2 a (1 1 2) 0= [ a 0j ] n b 2 ;a= [ a ij ] K= L a 2 ( 1-b 1 )+a 1b 2 j i ;m= [ m i ] L : L NP ; NP (1 1 2) s Y K ; W K NP π= [ πj ] : π=wa 0+πa+sWa 0=Wa 0 [ I-a ] -1 ( 1+s ) rp1 p2 =WA 0 0()1+s ( ) (1 2 1) w πm=w : A 0=a 0 [I-a] -1 p1= ( wa 1+p1b 1 )1+r ( ) p2= ( wa 2+p1b 2 )1+r ( ) ( 1 1 3) p1/w; a ( 1 b 1 ;a 2 b 2 ;r ) P= (1 1 3) : p1 w a1 1+r = ( ) 1-b 1 ( 1+r ) p2 ( 1+r )1-b1 [ ( 1+r ) ]+a1 ( 1+r )b2 ( 1+r ) =a2 w 1-b 1 ( 1+r ) 1 2) 1970 : (1 2 1) ( ) [P j ] ( P a ) r : P= [ Wa 0+Pa ]1+r ( )=Wa 0 ( 1+r ) [ I-a1+r ( )] -1 =WA 0 r() (1 1 4) Pm=W : (1 1 4) (1 2 2) (1 2 2) n r=0 (1 : (1 1 1 PaulA.Samuelson WageandInterest:A Modern Dissection of Marxian Economic 4) a 1 b 1 Models"p.911. r 2 PaulA.Samuelson The Transformation from Marxian Value to Competitive Prices :A Processof Rejection and Re- 1 placement"p

4 r (1 2 1) s πa= [ iπia ij ] r a : (1 2 2) A 0 (r)=a 0 (1+r)[I-a(1+r)] -1 (r>0) : (1 3 2) : (1) ; (2) ; (3) s(1 3 1) : : A 0 0() 1+s =a 0 (1+s)I-a [ ] -1 (1 3 3) (1 3 3) (1 3 2) r s m W/P=m r s : 1970 A 0 (r)m=1 (1 3 4) A 0 (0)(1+s)m=1 (1 3 5) (1 3 4)A 0 (r)m=1 n r (1 3 5)A 0 (0)(1+s)m=1 s r (1 3 1) : a=3/4 a 01= : 1 : 1 PaulA.Samuelson The Transformation A 01=a 014=4 I from Marxian Value tocompetitive Prices : [I-3/4] -1 [I- A Process of Rejection and Replacement" a] -1 2 p.425. : 2 Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the A 0=a 0 [I-a] -1 (1 3 1) tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p

5 ; ; ; 1 3 ; : ( ) : r n s ( ) ( )r 1 Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the 2 tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p : ;

6 : : r s :4 1 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ p1k1 p1k2 0 Ⅱ 0 0 p2y * * wl1 wl2 { r(wl1+p1k1) r(wl2+ p1k2) } * * : Ki pi i Li i (i=12); ( ) ( ) ;w r 6 : ( 2) : (PaulA.Samuel son Understandingthe Marxian Notionof Exploitation:A Summary ofthe So-Caled (1 2 1) πm= W Transformation Problem between Marxian (1 2 2) Pm=W 1971 ValuesandCompetitivePrices"p PaulA.Samuelson WageandInterest: : A Modern Dissection of Marxian Economic Models"pp PaulA.Samuelson UnderstandingtheMarxian 84

7 πm= W Pm= W 1 2 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ p1k1 p1k2 p1δk Ⅱ 0 0 p2y wl1 wl2 { r(wl1+p1k1) r(wl2+ p1k2) } * * :p1δk mp1(k1+k2 ) 1 p=pa 0+pa+rpa 0+rpa (2 1 3) : (C j /c j )c j I=a 0+a+ra 0+ra (2 1 4) (V j /v j )v j C j V j ( )(2 1 4) a 0 a 3 s r r<s m s r r<s m W 1970 π a 0+sa 0 πa a 0 a πa 0 s sπa 0 : π=πa 0+πa+sπa 0 (2 1 1) π 1 (2 1 2) : I=a 0+a+sa 0 (2 1 2) a 0 a a NotionofExploitation:A Summaryofthe So-Caled Transformation Problem between Marxian Values and Competitive Prices" I pp PaulA.Samuelson Understandingthe a 0 a s ofthe So-Caled Transformation Problem be- P r tween MarxianValuesandCompetitivePrices" : p

8 a 0 as 5 πa 0 W =πm : ; m 6 1 W=πm r W=πm W= r Pm r 2 1 Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"pp : p= s 3 c+v : r 3 : : : s 4 c+v 4 : : ( )

9 ( ) r 3 r ( ) 4 1 : 1 2 : ( ) ( : ) 2 2 : ;

10 (undilutedlabortheoryofvalue) A 0 (1 3 3) A 0 0()( 0()1+s) (1 3 2) A 0 (r) 1 n (1 3 1) (1 3 2) (1 3 3) : (1 3 1) : ; A 0=a 0 [I-a] -1 (1 3 2) A 0 (r)=a 0 (1+r)[I-a (1+r)] -1 (r>0) (1 3 3)A 0 0() (1+s)=a 0 (1+s) [ I-a ] -1 (1 3 3) (1 3 2) A 0=a 0 [I-a] -1 A 0 0()(1 (1 3 1) +s) =a 0 (1+s) [ I-a ] -1 A 0 =a 0 (1 3 1) [I-a] -1 (1+s) A 0 0() (1+s) A 0 A 0 A 0 (r)=a 0 (1+r) [I-a (1+r)] -1 A 0 (s) =a 0 (1+s) [I-a (1+s)] -1 A 0=a 0 [I-a] -1 (1 (1 3 1) (1 3 3) +s) a (1+s) (1 3 1) A 0 A 0 (r) A 0 0()(1+s) (1 3 1) A 0 (1 3 3) A 0 0()( 0()1+s) A

11 100 Ⅰ 80 Ⅱ 20 Ⅰ Ⅱ / / :1 3 (1) (2) (3)=(1)+(2) (4)=(1/3) (1) (5)=(1)+(4) (6)=(5)-(3) Ⅰ(20+20)C+80V 80V Ⅱ(80+80)C+20V 20V r= S j / (C j+v j )=100/300=1/3 : 3 Ⅰ Ⅱ ;C ( C j ) V ( V j ) S j r 80V 20V (1) 80V (2) (3) 20V (1) (4) (5) 1 PaulA.Samuelson UnderstandingtheMarxi- annotionofexploitation:a Summaryofthe So-Caled Transformation Problem between Marxian Values and Competitive Prices" p

12 Ⅰ (C) 80 (V) 80 m = = (wa 1+p1b 1 )(1+r)=p1 (wa 2+p1b 2 ) (1+r) =p2 C (4) (5)(2)(3) 1 (4) (5) r= S j / (C j+v j ) =100/300=1/3 r (2) (3) : Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p

13 (P 1 P 2 ) = ( ) (P 1 P 2 ) = (2.02.0) ; =1 (1) (16+24)C + 80V (64+ 96)C + 20V 1 2 :3 4 (1) (2) (3)=(1)+(2) (4)=(2)/(1) (5)=(1) (1+0.22) Ⅰ 80c1+20v1 20s % Ⅱ 70c2+30v2 30s % Ⅲ 60c3+40v3 40s % Ⅳ 85c4+15v4 15s % Ⅴ 95c5+5v5 5s % % (6)=(5)-(3) : 1 Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the c j c tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p : Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the tween Marxian Values and Competitive : Prices"p

14 ( ) 1 ( : ) : Ⅰc80 (5) (3) 80 ;2 ( ) 3 4 Ⅰ c80 :80 (5) (3) Ⅰ v 20 : : 1 2 PaulA.Samuelson Understandingthe oftheso-caledtransformationproblembe- tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the tween Marxian Values and Competitive : Prices"p : Ⅰ 4 =80c+20v ( ) 92

15 1 ; : : : 2 : 3 1 Paul A. Samuelson Understanding the C V tween Marxian Values and Competitive Prices"p : :